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है”ह”ह

IS 12149 (1987): Method for determination of strength ofdisperse dyes for polyester by exhaust dyeing [TXD 7:Textile Sizing and Finishing Materials]

IS : 12149 - 1987

Indian Standard METHOD FOR

DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF DISPERSE DYES FOR POLYESTER BY EXHAUST DYEING

Dyestuffs Sectional Committee, TDC 3%

Chairman Representing

SHRI S. P. CHANDAVAKKAR Jaysynth Dye-them Pvt Ltd, Bombay

Members

DRV.G. AQNIHOTILI SRRI M. R. BZATT

National Peroxide Ltd, Bombay Atul Products Limited, Atul

SARI J. Y. ACHAI~EKLR ( Alternate ) D& H. P. BHATTAOHAHYA

SARI P. P. CHECKER (Alternate) National Textile Corporation Ltd, New Delhi

Dir ( KUMAKI ) M. D. BHAVSA~ SilkBFmt;; Silk Mills’ Research Association,

DR D. K. D.as National Test House, Calcutta SIIKI N. H. DESAI Ahmednbad ‘Textile Industry’s Research

Association, Ahmadabad Ds M. M. DEJJIPANUE 3. G. Chemicals and Dyes Trading Limited,

Bombay SHRI P. A. K. NAIIC ( Alternate )

Smtr IL. S. DESIKAN SHRI P. C. JOIN ( Alternote )

Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay

SHRI M.D. DlXlT Textile Association ( India ), Bombay SFIRI L. D. VAISENAV ( Alternate )

SHRIR.V.GUPTE SRRI Y. P. BAPAT (Alternate)

Colour-Chem Limited, Bombay

SHKI S.R.IYEK Atic Industries Ltd, Valsad DK K. APARAJITHAN (.4bnatc)

Sam N. KASTUI<IA Ministry of Defence (R & D ) SRHI RAJ~NI)RA SINQIi ( Altcrnufe )

SRW G.G. KULKARNI Chika Limited, Bombay SHRI V.G. SALUXEEE ( Altcrnatc)

DRB.MAHAPATRO Bombay Millowners’ Association, Bombay SHRI A. K. IMANDAL Directorate ~General of Technical Development,

New Delhi SHRI R. D. KAWATRA (Alfctnatc)

( Continued on pge 2 )

Q Copm.ght 1988

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian CopVrighf Act ( XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher rhall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

( Continusd from page 1) Lumbers Rcprcsenting

SRRI B. M. NAIK Indian Dyestuff Industries Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. R. KARMAKAR ( dltsrnatr )

Ds B. M. PATEL Dyestuffs Manufacturers’ Association of India, IBombay

DR ( SHRIMATI ) S. S. PATWARDHAN Wool Research Association, Bombay SW S. RWAQOPAI,AN Eindstan Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Bombay

SEEI D. K. MURTEY ( Alternate ) SHRI A. V. RAMAMURTHY Development Commissioner of Handloom, New

Delhi SERI S. R. ANANTEAURISENA SETTY Binny Limited, ‘Madras

SHRI A. J. KADAVAN (Altcrnatc) SERI H. A. SEA3 Century Spg & ‘Mfg CO Ltd, Bombay

SHRI MAHES~ SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI K.-G. SElAH Ahmedabad Manufacturing and Calico Printing

Co Ltd, Ahmadabad DR J. I. SETALW.~~ ( Alternate )

SHRI D. K. SINHA Bombav Textile Research Association. Bombav ’ SERI S. VARDARAJAN ( Alternate )

SHRI N. C. SOM Indian Jute Industries Research Association, Calcutta

SHRI D. K. SRIVASTAVA Ministry of D&nce ( DGI ) SHRI.A. N. MIJSE~AM ( Altsrnatc )

SHRI D. R. TENDULKAR Amar Dye-C&m Ltd, Bombay Oscar R. I. MEWA, Director General, BIS ( E~:x-ojicio Mtmbrr)

Director ( Tex ) scsr&?ry

SHRI M. S. VERMA Deputy Director ( Tex ), BIS

Disperse Dyes Subcommittee, TDC 38 : 7

Members

!hRI R. H. ~B~OX@EZU SEBI M. R. BEATT SHRI R. V. GUPT~:

Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing Co Ltd, Bombay Atul Products Limited, Atul

SHRI Y. P. BAPAT ( Alternate ) Colour-Chem Ltd, Bombay

SHRI s. R. IYER Atic Industries Limited, Valsad DR S. Y. KAMAT

SHRI V. S. ANCIADI (Alternote) Sandoz (India) Ltd, Bombay

SHRI M. S. KAADABADI DR M. G. SALUEARE ( Alternate )

Hindustan Spg & Wvg Mills Ltd, Bombay

SHRI S. S. KOTHARI Jaysynth Dye-Chem fvt Ltd, Bombay SERB S. P. CSIARDAVANKAR ( Ahnatcl ) L+XBR~ V. M. RAMACHAND~AN ( Alternd~ II )

SHRX J. L. FOTEDAR Gwalior Rayon, Gwalior SEE1 C. P. P&TEL Rathi Dye-Chem Pvt Ltd, Raigad SHRI S. G. PARULKAR Indian Dyestuff Industries Ltd, Bombay DR J. I. SETALWAD Ahmedabad Manufacturing & Calico Printing

Co Ltd, Ahmadabad SHRI JAMNADAS K. SRAR Arvind Mills Ltd, Ahmadabad

SHRI 1. M. PATEL (8bmflle ) SARI S. A. SHAH Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association,

Bombay

2

IS:12149 -1987

Indian Standard METHOD FOR

DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF DISPERSE DYES FOR POLYESTER BY EXHAUST DYEING

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 29 July 1987, after the draft finalized by the Dyestuffs Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division -Council.

0.2 Disperse dyes are marketed in a large number of varieties and even as mixtures in powder or paste form with different strengths. These dyes are mainly used for colouring hydrophobic fibres, such as cellulose acetate, triacetate, polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, etc. These have become especially important for polyester fibre which is widely used as a component of blends with cotton, wool or any other man- made fibre. The method laid down in this standard for determining the strength of dyestuff against a mutually accepted standard would be useful for assessing both strength and shade of disperse dyes for polyester.

0.3 The method prescribed in this standard is a general method and wherever special instructions are given by the manufacturers, these should be followed while carrying out the dyeings of the dyestuffs. In order to compare the strength of the dyestuff under test and the standard dyestuff, dyeing of two standard depths are recommended as given in Appendix A.

0.4 Strength of disperse dyes is also determined by screen printing method ( see IS : 11635-1986* ).

0.5 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-19607.

*Method for determination of strength of disperse dyes for polyester by screen printing.

tRules for rounding off numerical values (rev&d).

?

X3:12149-1987

1, SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes a method far evgluating the strength and shade of disperse dyes for polyester by exhaust dyeing.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall

apply.

2.1 Depth of Shade - lt is the amount of dyestuff in g in the dyebath per 100 g of the fibre, expressed as percentage.

2.2 Strength of Dyestuff - It is the actual dye content in g per 100 g of the sample of dyestuff, expressed as a percentage; assuming the strength of standard dyestuff to be 100 percent.

2.3 Liquor Ratio - The ratio of the mass of the material to be dyed to the mass of the liquor ( dye solution or dyebath ) in which the material is to be dyed.

3. STANDARD DYESTUFF

3.1 The standard sample of dyestuff against which the strength of dyestuff under test is evaluated, shall be as agreed to between the buyer and the seller.

4. APPARATUS

4.1 High Temperature Bomb/Beaker Dyeing Machine (Labo- ratory Type ) - Consisting of a number of bombs/beakers made of thick stainless steel and provided with a rotating mechanism to rotate these beakers/bombs in forward or backward direction in glycerine bath. The machine shall be provided with electric heaters (with cut- off system ) to heat the glycerine bath gradually up to 132 f 2°C at a rate of 1 to 2°C per minute. The machine should also be provided with a running tap water circulation system to cool the bombs/beakers.

NOYE - Any other machine giving identical and reproducible results may also be used.

4.2 Graduated Pipette - Capable of measuring correct to 0’1 ml.

f.o31 I;!umetric Flask - Caliberated to 500 ml with an accuracy up

4

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

pH Meter

IS : 12149 - 1987

Weighing Balance - Capable of weighing accurately up to 1 mg.

Comb - For combing the dyed hanks.

GIass~Rod - For preparing dispersion of dye.

5. REAGENTS

5.1 Quality of Reagents

5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, pure chemicals shall be employed in tests and the distilled water (see IS : 1070-1977* ) shall be used where the use of water as reagent is intended.

NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the test results.

5.2 Suitable Dispersing Agent -&able at high temperature up to 132 f 2°C.

5.3 Acetic Acid -- 30 percent ( miv ).

5.4 Sodium Hydroxide Flakes

5.5 Sodium Hydrosulphite Powder- Conforming to IS: 1919-1982:.

5.6 An appropriate number of hanks of well scoured, uniform, 100 percent polyester spun yarn from the same lot, each weighing 5.00 & 0’02 g and free from optical brightening agents.

NOTE - For blended yarns, the hanks may be carbonized before dyeing according to the method given in IS : 11220-19843.

6. EVALUATION OF STRENGTH DYESTUFF

6.1 Procedure

6.1.1 Prepare stock dispersion of the standard dyestuff and the dyestuff under test separately as follows:

Sprinkle X parts of the disperse dyestuff over 15-20 times the quantity of distilled water at 40°C under constant stirring and finally make to the required volume.

- *Specification for water for general laboratory use~( second &Son). +Specification for sodium hydrosulphite (Jirsr revision ). $.Method for determination of colour fastness of disperse dyes on polyester-cellulosic

fabrics to carbonization.

5

1s: 12149-1987

NOTE- In general 1.0 g of the dirperse dyestuff is used to prepare stock dispersion and the dispersion is made to 100 ml using distilled water at 40°C which gives 1’0 percent dispersion.

6.1.2 Take the required volume of the stock dispersion of the standard dyestuff as per depth recommended in Appendix A, calcula- ted as given below:

Volume of stock dispersion recommended percent depth required in ml --- x m

= percent strength of stock dispersion

where

m is the mass of each hank of polyester yarn ( see 5.6 ).

6.1.3 Prepare as follows six dyebaths of standard dyestuff, three each for the lower and higher recommended standard depths such that one dyebath has concentration as given in Appendix A and the other two differ from this value by 5 percent one on lower side and the other on higher side. For example, in case of 0’5 percent standard depth, three dyebaths of 0’475, 0’500 and 0’525 percent concentration shall Abe prepared. Add required volume of stock dispersion as in 6.1.2 to the bombs/beakers of high temperature dyeing machine set with 0’5 g/l of dispersing agent and 0’5 g/1 of acetic acid ( 30 percent ). Adjust thepH of each dyebath to 5’0 f 0’2 and make the volume up to 100 ml per dyebath with distilled water to give a liquor ratio of 1~20.

6.1.4 Prepare suitable number of dyebaths of the dyestuff under test for each standard depth as recommended in Appendix A such that each differ in concentration from the other by 5 percent of the value specified in Appendix A. For example, in case of 0’5 percent standard depth, prepare required number of dyebaths of 0.425, 0’450, 0’475, 0’500, 0’525, 0’550, 0’575 percent concentration, etc, similarly as given in 6.1.3.

6.1.5 Take required number of hanks of well scoured polyester yarn (see 5.6 ) each weighing 5’00 f 0’02 g. Treat them in boiling water for 10 minutes, squeeze them evenly to cent percent pick up. Cool the hanks and enter inthe separate dyebaths already prepared as in 6.1.3 and 6.1.4. Close the bombs/beakers of the high temperature dyeing machine.

6.1.6 Start each dyeing at 6O’C and raise the temperature to 132 f 2°C in about 40 minutes at the rate of 1 to 2”% per minute. Continue dyeing at 132 f 2°C for 60 minutes more. Cool the bombs/ beakers under tap watt-r on the machine itself and take them out for opening.

6

6.1.7 Rinse the dyed separately in a bath sodium hydrosulphite liquor ratio of 1:20.

hanks in-distilled water and treat each:dyed hank containing 2 g/l sodium hydroxide and 2 g/l at 60-70°C for 15-20 minutes at material to

6.1.8 Wash the after-treated hanks in distilled water and treat them separately in fresh baths containing 0’5-1 ml/l glacial acetic acid at room temperature for about 15-20 minutes.

6.L9 Finally rinse all the hanks thoroughly and dry them in air at a temperature not exceeding 60°C.

6.1.10 Select two dyed hanks of the dyestuff under test which .exactly match with the dyed hanks of the standard dyestuff. Note the percentage depths of shade of the dyestuff under test which exactly match with the recommmended depths of standard dyestuff (see

Notes 1, 2 and 3 ).

NOTE 1 - Before comparing the dyed specimens, it should be ensured that the dyeings are uniform and free from dyeing defects. The uniformly dyed hanks should be iaid side bv side in the same plane and oriented in the same direction. Thev should be combed to a uniform thickness to avoid the effects of the backing on the appearance. Matching should be done on a white background and in north sky light, if possible.

NOTE :! - The consistency in strength variations of different dyeings of standard dyestuff and the dyestuff under test should be observed. If the strength variations between the two~consecutive dyeing are not constant, the dyeings should be repeated.

NOTE 3 -In case of dispute due to tonal deviations, spectrophotometcr may be used to set right any doubt.

7. CALCULATIONS

7.1 Calculate the strength of dyestuff under test for each recommended depth of standard dyestuff by the following formula:

s=$x 100

where

S = strength of d yestuff under tes,t in percentage,

A = percentage depth of shade of standard dyestuff, and

B = percentage depth of shade of the dyestuff under test matching with A.

7

IS:12149 - I987

7.2 Calculate the average of the two values of S as obtained in 7.1

8. REPORT

8.1 Report the value obtained as in 7.2 as strength of the dyestuff under test in percentage.

9. SAMPLING

9.1 Lot -All the containers of the same dye and of the same concentration ~delivered to a buyer against one despatch note shall constitute a lot.

9.2 Unless otherwise agreed to between the buyer and the seller, the number of containers to be selected at random from a lot shall be as given below:

Lot St-&?

Up to 151

IS to 25

2

3

26 to 50 4

51 to 100 5

JO1 to 150 6

151 to 300 7

301 and above 8

9.3 If the dye is marketed in powder form, draw from each container as selected in 9.2 a small quantity of the dye by a suitable sampling instrument from three different parts and mix thoroughly to get a composite sample weighing about 20 g. This shall constitute the tesd sample.

9.4 For dyes marketed in liquid emulsion or paste form, shake each containers as.selected in 9.2 thoroughly so as to homogenize the dye dispersion and then draw the test sample as given in 9.3.

8

IS : 12149 - 1987

APPENDIX A

( Clauses 0.3, 6.1.2 and 6.1.3)

RECOMMENDED STANDARD DEPTHS FOR EVALUATION OF STRENGTH OF DYESTUFF

SL HUE OR DYESTTJPF RECOMMENDED STANDARD No. DEPTH OB SHADE

(1)

9

ii)

iii)

iv)

v)

(g OF DYE/~OO g OF FIURE )

(2)

Yellow, orange, scarlet, red and blue ( excluding navy blue and turqoise blue )

Violet

Turqoise blue

Navy blue

Black

(3)

0.5 and 1’5 or 2.0

0’3 and 1’0

1-O and 4.0

2-O and 6’0

2’0 and 8’0

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS )

Base Units

QUANTITY

Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic

temperature Luminous intensity Amount of~substance

Supplementary Units

QUANTITY

Plane angle Solid angle

Derived Units

QUANTITY

Force Energy Power FltlX

Flux density Frequency Electric conductance Electromotive force Pressure, stress

UNIT

metre kilogram second ampere kelvin

candela mole

UNIT

radian steradian

UNIT

newton joule watt weber tesla hertz

riemens volt Pascal

SYMBOL

In

kg

i

K

cd mol

SYMBOL

rad sr

SYMBOL

J” W Wb T HZ s V Pa

DEFINITION

1 N = 1 kg.m/s’

1J = 1 N.m 1 W = 1 J/s 1 Wb- 1 V.s 1T = 1 Wb/ms 1 Hz = 1 c/s (s-t) 1s = 1 A/V 1V = 1 W/A 1 Pa = 1 N/m’