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IS 13780 (1993): Hardmetals - Compression Test [MTD 25:Powder Metallurgical Materials and Products]

IS 13780 : 1993 IS0 4506 : 1979

HARDMETALS - COMPRESSION TEST

UDC 669 - 018’25 : 620’173

@ BIS 1993

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 ,BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

July 199: Group Price 2

Powder Metallurgical Materials and Products Sectional Committee, MTD 25

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with IS0 4506 : 1979 ‘Hardmetals - Compression test’, issued by the International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ), was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendations of the Powder Metallurgical Materials and Products Sectional Committee ( MTD 25 ) and approval of the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council.

The text of the IS0 standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard without deviations. Some terminology and conventions are, however, not identical with those used in Indian Standards. Attention is especially drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.

In reporting the results of a test made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised >‘.

IS 13780 : 1993 IS0 4505 : 1979

Indian Standard

-HARDMETALS - COMPRESSION TEST

1 Scope and field of application

This International Standard specifies a method of determining

the ultimate strength and proof stress of hardmetals under

uniaxial compressive loads.

2 Principle

Axial loading of a test piece, placed between two hardmetal

bearing blocks, until the intended deformation occurs or until

the test piece fractures.

3 Symbols and designations

Symbol

SO

FC

FC 0.2

F C”

R

CC

E

Rc

Rc 0.2

-R,, L

Designation

Minimum original cross-sectional area

(with index) Load at proof stress, for example :

Load at 0,2 % proof stress

Ultimate load, i.e. load at instant of fracture

Stress

Strain

Young’s modulus

(with index) Proof stress, for example :

0.2 % proof stress

Ultimate compressive strength

Unit

mm2

N

N

N/mm2

%

N/mm2

N/mm2

N/mm2

4 Apparatus

The test machine shall be designed and constructed so that loads can be applied at a uniform rate and so that, within the measuring range in question, the maximum loading error will be f 1 %.

The test piece shall be affixed between two well-centred and rigidly secured hardmetal anvils with a hardness not less than 1 600 HV. These~contact surfaces shall be perpendicular to the loading axis and parallel to each other within 0,5 pm/mm. An example of a suitable anvil is given in figure 1.

5 Test piece

5.1 The dimensions of the test piece shall conform to figure 2. The end faces and the cylindrical surfaces of the enlarged ends shall be ground. Other surfaces should not be ground. (Grinding or polishing may affect the result of the test.)‘)

5.2 The minimum diameter of the test piece shall be measured with an accuracy of + 0.02 mm.

6 Procedure

6.1 Rate of stress increase

The rate at which the load is applied shall be as uniform as possible, and any changes in thii rate shall be made gradually and without shock. The rate shall not exceed 8 000 N/s, cor- responding approximately to 100 N/(mm2.s).

1) Cylindrical test pieces such as those specified in ASTM E9-1977 or USSR TU-49-19-280-79 may be used to obtain results with potentially less curacy.

i

IS 13780 : 1993 IS0 4506 : 1979

6.2 Determination of proof stress

82.1 The proof stress, for example the 0,2 % proof stress, is

determined according to figure 3. This method is based on the

fact, valid for almost all metals, that if a load is removed after

the elastic limit, D, has been exceeded, the load-compression

curve will follow a linear path that is roughly parallel to the

loading curve betow the elastic limit.

6.2.2 Determination of proof stress using the graphic in-

tersection method is carried out as follows.

6.2.2.1 Apply a pre-load not greater than that required to

keep the test piece positioned properly in the machine.

6.2.2.2 Determine the stress-strain curve.

NOTE - Because of the shortness of the test zone and the hardness of

the material, practical difficulties are involved in measuring changes in

length using displacement gauges of the clamp-on type lextan-

someters). It is therefore recommended that changes in length be

measured using a~resistive strain gauge. Two or four gauges should be

applied symmetrically at the centre of the test zone. The active length

of the gauges should not exceed 8 mm. The results obtained represent

an average of the change in length of the test zone.

6.2.2.3 On the graph thus plotted (figure 31, make OB equal

-to the specified residual strain (offset), and draw a line BA from

B parallel to OC. Ordinate F, of intersection point 0 has the

value Fcq and represents the load that corresponds to the proof stress.

It is sometimes difficult to ascertain the direction of line OC

from a graph; in such a case, this line can be drawn on the basis

of an agreed value of the Young’s modulus.

6.2.3 The proof stress Rcq, in newtons per square millimetre,

is given by the formula

R,, zz >

0

6.3 Determination of ultimate compressive strength

6.3.1 Load the test piece to fracture.

6.3.2 The ultimate compressive strength R,,, in newtons per

square millimetre, is given by the formula

F 0”

R cm = - so

7 Expression of results

Report the arithmetical mean of at least five determinations,

rounded to the nearest 10 N/mm*.

8 Test report

The test report shall include the following informations :

a) reference to this International Standard;

b) all details necessary for identification of the test piece;

c) the result obtained;

d) all operations not specified by this International Stan-

dard, or regarded as optional;

e) details of any occurence which may have affected the

result.

IS 1378b : 1993 IS0 4508 : 1979

Figure 1 - Suitable ~hardmetal anvil

I I

u h c d e (f g h i j k I

1.21 1 j !

1.90 2.29 2.64 j 2,69 1 2.79 236 2.91 2.94 236 2.96 239

,,I I I I

‘I j I’ j P q r s I I, b’ w X Y

3,00 j 2,99 / 2.98 i 236 2.94 2.91 2.66 2.79 2,69 234 2,29 1,90 1.21

Figure 2 --- Test piece (The 25 co-ordinates u to y are at 1 mm intervals)

3

IS13780 :1993 IS0 4508 :1979

A C

Figure 3 - Load-compression curve

4 Reprography Unix, BlS, New Delhi, India

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_ .-. _ - . -. . __. ..__ ._

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Revision of Indian Standards

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Dot : No. MTD 25 ( 3325 )

Aendmeats Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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