Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 13944 (1994): Automotive vehicles - Window retention andrelease systems for buses - Safety requirements [TED 6:Automotive Body, Chassis, Accessories and GarageEquipments]

Indian Standard

AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES-WINDOW RETENTION AND RELEASE SYSTEMS FOR

BUSES -SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

UDC 629’114’5’011’67

* i t #TJ BIS 1994

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

March 1994 Price Group 4

Automotive Body and Chassis Sectional Committee, TED 6

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Automotive Body and Chassis Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport Engineering Division Council.

This Indian Standard is intended to lay down the safety requirements for bus windows/door retention and release mechanisms, meant for carrying passengers. Special attention has been paid to the requirements regarding buses meant for school children. The emergency exit arrangements, their extensions and identification have also been included. However, buses meant for carrying invalids or disabled are not covered under this standard.

The retention devices have to be so designed as to minimize chances of being thrown out of the bus in the event of any type of accidents. The enfergency egresses should be easy to operate, conveniently located with operations to open/push/pull well illustrated to prevent any confusion.

It is also intended to bring in unity in design and construction of bus bodies providing maximum safety to the occupants.

In thk preparation of this Indian Standard considerable assistance has been drawn from NHTSA Standard No. 217 ‘Bus window retention and release’ issued by Dept. of Transportation ( DOT 1, USA and Safety Standard No. SS 3211993 of ARAI, Pune.

The Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard is given in Annex A.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘.

IS 13944 : 1994

Indian Standard

AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES -WINDOW RETENTION AND RELEASE SYSTEMS FOR

BUSES -SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1 SCOPE

1.1 This standard specifies requirements for the retention of windows other than that for windshields in buses, operating forces, their recommended opening dimensions, and markings for push-out bus windows and other emergency exits.

1.2 Buses meant for carrying disabled and invalid persons are not covered by this standard. s

1.3 The requirements of this standard do not apply to a window whose minimum surface dimensions measured through the centre of its area are less than 200 mm.

2 TERMINOLOGY

2.1 Push out Window

Push out window means a vehicle window designed to open outward to provide for emergency egress.

2.2 Adjacent Seat

Adjacent seat means, a designated seating position located so that some portion of its occupant space is not more than 250 mm from an emergency exit, for a distance of at least 380 mm measured horizontally and parallel to the exit.

2.3 Occupant Space

Occupant space means the space directly above the seat and footwell, bounded vertically by the ceiling and horizontally by the, normally positioned seat back and the nearest obstruction of occupant motion in the direction the seat faces.

3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Emergency Exits

3.1.1 Buses other than school buses shall provide unobstructed openings for emergency exit which collectively amount, in total square centimetres (sq cm) to at least 67 times the number of designated seating positions on the bus. At least 40 percent of the total required area of unobstructed openings, computed in the above manner, shall be provided on each side of a bus. However, in determining the total unobstructed openings provided by a bus, no emergency exit, regardless of its area, shall be credited with more than 3 450 cm2 of the total area requirement.

3.1.2 Allschool buses shall be provided with openings for emergency exits conforming to 3.1.2.1.

3.1.2.1 Each school bus shall comply with either one of the following minimum emergency exit provisions, chosen

a)

at the option of the manufacturer-:

One rear emergency door that opens outward and is hinged on the right side (either side in the case of a bus with a GVW of 5 tonnes or less) or; and

b) 0 e emergency door on the vehicle’s left side 1 th t is in the rear half of the bus passenger

compartment and is hinged on its forward side, and a push out rear window that provides a minimum opening clearance 400 mm high and 1200 mm wide. This window shall be releasable by operation of not more than two mechanisms which are located in the high force access region shown in Fig. 1, and which do not have to be operated simultaneously. Release and opening of the window shall require force applications, not to exceed 18 kg in the directions specified in 3.3.3.1.

ACCESS REGION R585 /--ES

AT

INSIDE FLOOR OF UPRIGHT BUS I

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 REAR EMERGENCY EXIT WITH REAR OBSTRUCTION

3.1.2.2 The engine starting system of a school bus shall not operate if any emergency door is locked from either inside or outside the bus. For purposes of

1

IS 13944 : 1994

this requirement, ‘locked’ means that the release mechanism cannot be activated by a person at the door without a special device such as key or special information such as a combination.

3.1.3 Buses with 5 Tonnes GVW or Less

3.1.3.1 Buses with GVW of 5 000 kg or less may meet the unobstructed openings requirement by providing :

4 devices that meet the requirements of 3.2 to 3.4 without using remote controls or central power systems;

b> windows that can be opened manually to a position that provides an opening large enough to admit unobstructed passage, keeping a major axis horizontal at all times, of an ellipsoid generated by rotating about its minor axis an ellipse having a major axis of 500 mm and a minor axis of 330 mm; or

c> doors.

3.1.4 Buses with G?W Exceeding 5 To&es

3.1.4.1 Except as provided in 3.1.2.1, buses with a GVW of more than 5 000 kg shall meet the un-

obstructed opening requirements by providing side exits and at least one rear exit that conforms to 3.3 to 3.5. The rear exit shall meet the requirements when the bus is upright and when the bus is overturned on either side, with the occupant standing facing the exit. When the bus configuration precludes installation of an accessible rear exit, a roof exit that meets the requirements of 3.3 through 3.5 when the bus is overturned on either side, with the occupant standing facing the exit, shall be provided in the rear half of the bus.

3.1.4.2 A bus with GVW of more than 5 000 kg may satisfy the unobstructed opening requirements by providing at least one side door for each three passenger seating positions in the vehicle.

3.2 Emergency Exit Release

3.2.1 Each push-out winc&w or other emergency exit 4her than for school buses shall be capable of release by operating one or two mechanisms located within the regions specified in Fig. 1 to 6. The lower edge of the region in Fig. 2 and Region B in Fig. 3, shall be located 125 mm above the adjacent seat, or 50 mm above the armrest, if any, whichever is higher.

R585

FLOOR BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT FLOOR BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT

VIEW PARALLEL TO TO SEAT BACK VIEW PERPENDICULAR TO SEAT BACK

NOTES 1 Clearance area around seat back, arm rests and other obstructions = 50 mm 2 Access regiqn is the spatial volume created by the Intersection of the Projections of the areas shown in

the two vie&. t

All dimensions in millimetres. .

FIG. 2 ACCESS REGION FOR Low FORCES FOR EMERGENCY EXITS HAVING ADJACENT SEATS

2

IS 13944 : 1994

1320

FLOOR BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT FL0 p

R BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT

VIEW PARALLEL TO SEAT BACK VIEW PERPENDICULAR TO SEAT BACK

NOTE - Clearance area around seat back, arm rests, and other obstructions = 50 mm.

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 3 Acmss REGION FOR HIGH FORCES FOR EMERGENCY EXITS HAVING ADJACENT SEAT

ACCESS REGION FOR /~~KZRCES

FOR

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 4 SIDE EMERGENCY EXIT

3

lS13944:1994

ACCESS REGION INSIDE WALL

INSIDE FOR LOW FORCES

I- I-

HIGH FORCES i

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 5 ROOF EMERGENCY EXIT

ACCESS REGION FOR LOW FORCES

ACCESS REGION FOR HIGH FORCES

K3bJ/ INSIDE

5

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 6 REAR EMERGENCY EXIT WITIIOUT REAR OBSTRLUION

4

IS 13944 : 1994

3.3 Tests

3.3.1 Xest Conditions

The vehicle is on a flat, horizontal surface.

The inside of the vehicle and the outside environment are kept at any temperature from 21°C to 30°C for 4 hours immediately persuading the tests, and during the tests.

For the window retention test, windows are installed, closed, and latched (where latches are provided) in the condition intended for normal bus operation.

For the emergency exit release and extension tests, windows are installed as in (c) above. Seats, armrests, and interior objects near the windows are installed as for normal use, and seats are in the upright position.

3.3.2 Window Retention Tests

3.3.2.1 Each piece of window glazing and *-each surrounding window frame, when tested in accordance with the procedure in 3.3.2.2 under the conditions of (a) to (c) above, shall be retained by its surrounding structure in a manner that prevents the formation of any opening large enough to admit the passage of a 100 mm diameter sphere under a force, including the weight of the sphere, of 2 kg until any one of the following events occurred :

a) A force of 550 kg is reached;

b) At least 80% of the glazing thickness has developed cracks rumring from the load contact region to the periphery at two or more

The inner surface of the glazing at the centre of force application has moved relative to the window frame, along a line perpendicular to the undisturbed inner surface, a distance equal to 1.5 times the square root of the minimum surface dimensions measured through the centre of the area of the entire sheet of window glazing.

3.3.2.2 An increasing force shall be applied to the

points, or shattering of the glazing occurs; and

window glazing through the headform specified in Fig. 7 outward and perpendicular to the undisturbed inside surface at the centre of the area of each sheet of window glazing with a headform travel of 50 mm per minute.

3.3.3 Release Mechnnism Tests

3.3.3.1 Each emergency exit not required for school buses s all allow manual release of the exit by a single o 1 cupant using force applications each of which conforms, at.the option of the manufacturer, either to (a) or (b). The release mechanism or mechanisms shall require for release one or two force applications, at least one of which differs by 90” to 180” from the direction of the initial push-out motion of the emergency exit (outward and perpendicular to the exit surface).

a) Low-force application

1) Location : As shown in Fig. 1, 2, 4 to 6. 2) Type of motion : Rotary or straight. 3) Magnitude of force : Not more than

9 kg.

SYNTHETIC UNDER LAYER

SURFACE OF W GLAZING

OF ZING

AREA

I

RETAINER (DESIGN OPTIONAL) u

IN, WET CHAMOIS OR ;. SYNTHETIC SKIN 0.76 f0.07 THICK

i TENSILE STRENGTH 70 f 3.5kg/cm 2 ELONGATION 100 fS%

NOTE-Sugar pine with grain direction perpendicular to base and parallel to grain to withstand appreciable crush (180 kg/cm2 to 3.50 kg cm’, or equivalent wooden from capable of meening the specified values. .

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 7 HEAD FORM

5

IS 13944 : 1994

b) High force application

1) Location : As shown in Fig. 1, 3 to 6. 2) Type of motion : Straight, perpendicular

to the undisturbed exit surface. 3) Magnihlde : Not more than 27 kg.

3.3.3.2 When tested both before and after the window retention test, each school bus emergency door shall allow manual release of the door by a single person, from both inside and outside the bus passenger compartment, using a force application that conforms to (a) to (c) given below. Each release mechanism shall operate without the use of remote controls or tools, and notwithstanding any failure of the vehicle’s power system. When the release mechanism is not in the “on” position, a continuous warning sound shall be audible at the driver’s seating position and in the vicinity of the emergency door having the unclosed mechanism.

a) Location - Within the high force access region shown in Fig. 4 for a side lmergency door, and in Fig. 6 for a rear emergelfcy door.

b) Type of motion - Upward from inside the bus; at the discretion of the manufacturer from outside the bus.

c) Magnitude of force - Not more than 18 kg.

3.4 Emergency Exit Extensions

3.4.1 After the release mechanism has been operated, each put-out window or other emergency exit not required by school buses shall, under test conditions, before and after the window retention test, using the reach distances and corresponding force levels specified in 3.3.3.1, be manually extendable by a single occupant to a position that provides an opening large enough to admit unobstructed passage, keeping a major axis horizontal at all times, of an ellipsoid generated by rotating about its minor axis an ellipse having a major axis 500 mm and a minor axis of 325 mm.

3.4.2 Emergency Exit Extension for School Bus

3.4.2.1 For a school bus with a GVW of more than 5 000 kg, after the release mechanism has been operated, the emergency door of the school bus shall, before and after the window retention test, using the force levels specified in 3.3.3.2, be manually extendable by a single person to a position that permits :

4

b)

in the case of rear emergency door, an opening large enough to permit unobstructed passage of a rectangular parallel pipe 1 145 mm high, 610 mm wide, and 300 mm deep, keeping the 1 145 mm dimensiob vertical, the 600 mm dimensions parallel to the opening, and the lower surface in contact with the floor of the bus at all times; an&

in the case of a SI +I e emergency door, an opening at least 1 145 mm high and 600 mm wide. A vertical transverse plane tangent to the rearmost point of a seat back shall pass through the forward edge of a side emergency door.

3.4.2.2 All school buses with a GVW of 5 000 kg or less shall conform to all the provisions of 3.5.3 except that the parallel pipe dimensions for the opening of the rear emergency door or doors shall be 1 145 nun high, 600 mm wide, and 150 mm deep.

3.5 Emergency Exit Identification

3.5.1 In buses other than school buses, except for windows serving as emergency exits in accordance with 3.1.3.1(b) and door in buses with a GVW of 5 000 kg or less, each emergency door shall have the designation “Emergency Door” or “Emergency Exit” and each push out window or other emergency exit shall have the designation “Emergency Exit” followed by concise operating instructions describing each motion necessary to unlatch and open the exit, located within 150 mm of the release mechanism.

Example : Lift to Unlatch - Push to Open Lift Handle - Push out to Open

W$ en a release mechanism is not located within an occupant space of an adjacent seat, a label meeting the requirements of 3.5.2 that indicates the location of the nearest release mechanism shall be placed within the occupant space.

Example : Emergency exit instruction located next to seat ahead.

3.5.2 In buses other than school buses, except as provided in 3.5.2.1, each marking shall be legible, when the only source of light is the normal night-time illumination of the bus interior, to occupants having corrected visual acuity of 20/40 (Snellen ratio) seated in the adjacent seat, or seated directly adjoining the adjacent seat or standing in the aisle location that is closest to the adjacent seat.

The marking shall be legible from each of these locations when the other two corresponding locations are occupied.

3.5.2.1 If the exit has no adjacent seat, the marking shall meet the legibility requirements of 3.5.2 from occupants standing in the aisle location nearest to the emergency exit, except for a roof exit, which must meet the legibility requirements for occupants positioned with their backs against the floor opposite the roof exit.

3.5.3 Exit Identification in School Buses

3.5.3.1 Each school bus emergency exit provided in accordance with 3.5.2.1 shall have the designation “Emergency Door” or ‘Zmergency Exit”, as appropriate, in letters at least 50 mm high, of a colour that contrasts with its background, located at the top of or directly above the emergency exit on both the inside and the outside surfaces of the bus. Concise operating instructions describing the motions necessary to unlatch and open the emergency exit, shall be given in letters at least 10 mm high, of a colour that contrasts within 150 mm of the release mechanism of the inside surface of the bus.

I Example :

Lift to Unlatch - Push to Open Lift Handle - Push out to Open

6

IS 13944 : 1994

ANNEX A ( Foreword )

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Choirmnrz

BRIGS.R.PUR/ZNIK

Automotiire Body and Chassis Sectional Conmittee, TED 6

Represnttirrg

Aufomotive Research Associalion of India. Pune

SHRI P. N. RANGAN ( A~Tw? k?

Brig S. R. Puranik)

SHRIALIREZA M. ALLADIN

SHRI N. S. BABY

SHRI D. P. ROY ( Alternnte )

SHRI M. BAIAKRISHNAN

SHRI S. R. TAPADE

SHRIS. KUMAR ( A/tenure )

SHRI J. R. BILGI

SHRI R. M. KANITKAR ( Alternnre) SHRIS. K. CHAKRARORTY

SHRI RAMF~H DIWK

DIRECTOR MOTWE POWER

SHRI HARJIT SINGH

SHRI J. S. SHARMA ( Akenu~fe 1 SHRI K. C. JAIN

SHRI RAJu AGGARWAL ( Alterrwrtr )

SHRI ~IARNAM SINGII

SHRI S. S. KAPASHI

SHRI S. S. KHADRI

SHRI M. KRISHNA REDDY ( Aknmte )

DRKKUMAR

SHRI D. N. DAVE ( Alfermzte ) SHRI C. RANGASWAM>

SHRI K. JAGENNATIIAN ( Alterrmte ) SHRI S. N. SRINIVASSAN

SARI K. D. PAL ( Alterrlnte )

SHRI M. SUBRAMANIAM

SIIRI L. SRINI~ASAMADHAVAN ( Altcrrute)

SHR1B.v. %JRESH

SHRI S. MADHAVA RAO ( A ltenmte )

SHRI N. S. VIIAYARAGHAVAN.

Director ( TED )

Press Metal Cooperation Ltd. Bombay

Tata Engineering and Locomotive Co Ltd. Pune

Thiruvalluvar Transport Corporation. Madras

Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune

Bajaj Tempo $td, Pune

Controllerate of Inspection ( Vehicles ), Ahrnednagar

D. C. M. Toyota Ltd. New Delhi

Research Designs and Standards Organizalion, Lucknow

HMT Ltd, Pinjore

Escorts Ltd, Faridnbad

Vehicle Factory, Jabalpur

Rubby Coach Builders F’vt l_td, Bombay

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, IIyderahad

Maruti Udyog Ltd. Gurgaon

Cheran Engineering Cooperation I.td, Coimbatore

Premier Automobiles I.td. Bombay

Ashok Leyland l.td. Madras

Ilyderabad Allwyn Ltd. Hyderabad

Director General. BIS ( E.r-officio Member )

SllRIT.M.bbUMDER

Director ( TED ), RI’S

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of fndian Standards AC& 1986 to harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

promote of goods

BIS has the copyright of all tts publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BlS.

Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. TED 6 ( 156 )

Amend No.

Amendments issued Since Publication

*. Date of I&e Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha

( Common to all Offices )

Regional Offices:

Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg NEW DELHI 110002

Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola CALCUTTA 700054

Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C. CHANDIGARH 160036

Telephone

I

331 01 31 331 13 75

I

37 a4 99, 37 a5 61 37 86 26, 37 86 62

1

53 38 43, 53 16 40 53 23 84

Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 (

235 02 16, 235 04 42 235 15 19, 235 23 15

Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) t

632 92 95, 632 78 58 BOMBAY 400093 632 78 91, 632 78 92

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! t

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