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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to

information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,

and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest

to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of

education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the

timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

!"#$% '(%)

!"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru

Step Out From the Old to the New

7"#1&"8+9&"), 7:1&"8+9&")Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

!"# %& ;

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IS 14443 : 997

I ndian St andardPOLYCARBONATE SHEETS -SPECIFICATION

ICS 83.140

0 BIS 1997BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELI-II 110002

September 1991 Price Group 8

( Reaffirmed 2003 )

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Plastics Sectional Committee, PCD 12

FOREWORDThis Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by thePlastics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products DivisionCouncil.Polycarbonate extruded sheets and films form one of the major end product segment accounting for overthirty percent of the world polycarbonate consumption. Due to the excellent combination of mechanicalstrength, temperature resistance, thermal and electrical insulation, optical clarity, wide usability tempera-ture range and virtual unbreakability offered bypolycarbonate sheets and films, they found wide usage inbuilding and construction industry, green houses, safety and security applications and instrument dialsand panels. The utility of these products is further enhanced by easy formability, cold bending possibility,easy machinability and amenability to standard fabrication practices.From a very small application base a couple of years back, the consumption of polycarbonate sheets andfilms is growing steadily in the country. Two manufacturing facility for sheets are already established inthe country offering a very wide range of products. In the absence of any available standard the increasingnumber of users find it difficult to ensure quality of products during procurement. These considerationsled the Committee to formulate this Indian Standard on polycarbonate sheets.Since polycarbonate sheets and films are relatively new in India and their performance in use conditiondepends on fabrication techniques adopted, it was also decided to include a code of good fabricationpractices in this standard (see Annex A).Considerable assistances have been derived from the following publications while preparing this standard:

IS0 6603-l : 1985 Plastics -Determination of multiaxial impact behaviour of rigid plastics - Part 1Falling dart method. International Organization for Standardization (ISO).DIN 52290-2 : 1988 Testing of security glazing of bullet resistance. Deutsches Institut fur Normunge.v (DIN).DIN 52290-3 : 1984 Attack block glazings: Testing of the resistance against break by mean of acutting striking tool and classification. Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.v (DIN).DIN 52290-4 : 1988 Testing of security glazing of impact resistance. Deutsches Institut furNormung e.v (DIN).DIN 52290-5 : 1987 Security glazing: Testing of the resistance against explosive effect and classifica-tion. Deutsches Institut fiir Normung e.v (DIN).

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1s 14443 : 1997

I ndian St andardPOLYCARBONATESHEETS-

SPECIFICATION1 SCOPE 3 DESIGNATION/CLASSlFICATION SYSTEM1.1 This standard covers the requirements,methods of sampling and tests for polycarbonatesheets of solid section as well as multi-wall varietyand also thinner gauge sheets (films), multi-layercomposite laminates of polycarbonate compactsheets and composites of polycarbonate compactsheets and glass sheets. Sheets containing glassfibre or any other reinforcement are, however, notcovered by this standard.1.2 This standard establishes asystem for designat-ingvarious possible polycarbonate sheets and films.Since the system is not based on application, enduse condition and performance requirement, it can-not be used for selection of any sheet or film forspecific end use. For selection of material forspecific use, experts well versed with the applica-tion, design and performance criterion as well aspolycarbonate sheets and films should be con-sulted. Similarly the code of good fabrication prac-tices covered in this standard is intended to act as aguide. For specific end use and type of sheet or film,expert opinion should be sought for fabricationdetails.

3.1 This standard adopts a data block system con-sisting of five blocks - each block, describingspecific information about the product. Each blockis separated from the other by an asterisk mark. Incase a block is not used, the skipped block will beindicated by an additional asterisk mark.Block 1 * Block 2 * Block 3 * Block 4 * -Block 53.2 Information given in individual blocks shall beas given below.3.2.1 Block 1Contains this IS specification number to indicatethat the classification is according to this standard.3.2.2 Block 2

1.3 The classification system for various types ofpolycarbonate sheets and films is based on impor-tant properties like:- Weight per sq. metre,- Dart drop impact strength,- Light transmission, and- Surface texture, surface coating, colour,profile and some specific performance re-quirements.

This block is used to describe the product ingeneral. This block consists of four letters and onedigit. The first two letters are invariably PC todenote that the product under specification is madeout of polycarbonate. The digit that comes nextindicate the number of layers or walls (in case ofhollow sheets). The letter following the digit indi-cates whether the product under consideration hasa solid or hollow cross-section and the type ofprofile in case of hollow product. And the lastletter indicates the surface texture of the product.Codes for Block 2 are described in Table 1.

Table 1 Codes for Block 2Clause 3.2.2)

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCESThe following standards contain provisions whichthrough reference in the text, constitute provisionsof this standard. At the time of publication theeditions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision and parties to agreements basedon this standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent edition ofthe standards indicated below:

IS No.4905 : 196814434 : 1997

TitleMethods for random samplingPolycarbonate moulding and ex-trusion materials - Specification

3rd Position 4th Position 501 Position--2z--rode No. of Code CodeLayels/walls(1) (2) 3) 4) 5) 6)1 One S Solid section R Ribbed2 Two N Hollow N profile F Fine grain3 Three R Hollow rectangu- C Coarse grain

lar profile4 Four T Hollow tunnel P Polished

profile0 Not 0 Not specified 0 Not specified

specified

Example: For a twin wall hollow sheet with Nprofile and polished surface texture the Block 2 willbe represented by PC 2 NP.

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IS 14443 : 19973.2.3 Bl ock 3This block accommodates four letters. The firstletter indicates whether the material used tomanufacture the sheet is light stabilized or not.The next letter indicates whether any special coat-ing has been applied on the sheet or not. Thirdletter is to indicate whether the sheet is transparent,transluscent or opaque and the last letter takescare of colour. Table 2 describes the codes forBlock 3.ample:

An opaque coloured sheet made out of polycar-bonate grade containing UV stabilizer and havinga hard abrasion resistance surface coating is desig-nated by LHQC in Block 3.3.2.4 Block 4Combination of four digits form this block. Eachdigit indicates the following properties in order:

a) Weight per sq. metre of the sheet/film as perthe codes given in Table 3.

b)Cld)

Dart drop impact strength at 27C whentested as per Annex B and the codes listedin Table 3.Light transmission when measured as perAnnex D of IS 14434 : 1997 and the codeslisted in Table 3.Flammability rating as per Annex C of IS14434 : 1997 and the codes listed in Table 3.

Example:For a sheet with 1.3 kg/m, dart drop impact valueof 12 J, light transmission of 55 percent and flam-mability rating not specified, the Block 4 will berepresented by 1530.3.2.5 Block 5This block is provided for any additional specificperformance requirement, if required to bespecified. These specific performances includeresistance to vandalism, resistance to forced entry,resistance to bullet and resistance to explosion. Incase, there is no specific requirement for the sheet

Table 2 Codes for Block 3(Clause 3.2.3)

1st PositionzF--y?

Stabilization

2nd Position 3rd Position 4th Position%zFYGz c I Code

A .Code Transparency COlOUr

(1) (21 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)L Yes H Hard T Transparent C ColouredX No u UV R Transluscent N Natural0 Not specified 0 Not specified Q Opaque 0 Not specified

0 Not specified

Table 3 Codes for Block4(Clause 3.2.4)1st Position 2nd Position 3rd Position 4th Positionr 1 I- 1 t I tCode Wt.lSq. metre Code Dart Drop Impact Code Light Transmission, Code Flame

(1)12

3

456789

Wm)(2)up to 1.5Above 1.5 up toand including 3.0

(3)12

Above 3.0 up to 3and including 4.5Above 4.5 up to 4and including 6.5Above 6.5 up to 5and including 8.5Above 8.5 up to 0and including 12.0Above 12.0 up toand including 15.0Above 15.0Not Specified

J)(4)Above 150Above 100 up toand including150Above 60 up toand including100Above 15 up toand including 60up to 15Not specified 0 Not specified 0 Not specified

percent(5) (6)

1 Above 852 Above 70 up to

and including 85Above 50 up toand including 70Above 35 up toand including 50up to 35

Retardancy(7) (8)1 UL 94 HB2 UL 94 v2

3 UL 94 Vl

4 UL 94 vo5 UL 94 5v

2

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IS 14443 : 1997the designation ends at Block 4 with an asteriskmark.Each requirement is codified by a combination ofone letter and one digit. The letter indicates thetype of resistance under considerationand the digitindicates the level of resistance. The scheme iselaborated below:

V = Resistance to vandalism (see Annex C)F = Resistance to forced entry (see Annex D)B = Resistance to bullet (see Annex E)E = Resistance to explosion (see Annex F)

Tables 4 to 7 give the codification for level of resis-tance under the above categories in order and whentested as per Annexes C, D, E and F of this standardrespectively.

Table 4 Codes for Vandal Resistance(Clause 3.2.5)

Level of Drop Deight Striking Energy Total StrikingResistance (mm) per Drop (J) Energy perLevel (J)q, (2)3 500 I Y32 6500 262 7863 9 500 383 1149

Table 5 Codes for Forced Entry Resistance(Clause 3.2.5)

Level ofResistance;I23

Kinetic Enera Total Kinetic Energyper Stroke (J) per Level (J), Min2) 3)300 - 350 9 000

300 - 350 15 000300 - 350 21000

Table 6 Codes for Bullet Resistance(Clause 3.2.5)

Level ofResistance Weapon/Calibre Anmnmition/h%ass,aU(1) (2) 3)1 Pistol 9mm x 19 Parabellur - 8.10

2 Revolver 0.35/magnum Pointed Jacket - 10.353 Revolver 0.44/magnum Full Jacket - 15.654 Rifle 7.62 x 51 Ball, Soft Core - 9.555 Rifle 7.62 x 51 A.P. - 9.85

Number of strikes : 3 Pattern of strike : Equilateral triangleDistance of strike : 125 mm Range 1,2,3 : 3metres4 : 10metre.s5 : 25 metres

StrikingVelocity@l/s)

(4)365425445795810

StrikingEnergy(J)5)

540935

15503 0183 231

Table 7 Codes for Explosion Resistance(Clause 3.2.5)Level of Positive MaJrimum Time Duration of theResistance Pressure of the Positive Pressure

Reflected Pressure Phase m/s)Wave Bar)

:I z 122 1.0 103 2.0 8

Average resistnnce levels oEa) 3 Brickwallb) Concrete wallc) Steel reinforced concrete wall

- 0.5 bar- 1.0 bar- 2.0 bar

NOTES1 The above system of designation offers unlimited theoreti-cal possibilities. While using the system the user should beaware of practical limitations offered by the raw material and

processing technology and should preferably consult thesupplier.2 Dimensions of sheets,that is, length, width and thicknessand the colour should be agreed upon between the purchaserand the supplier and should be mentioned separately. Usual-ly following variations in dimension are acceptable if nototherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the sup-plier:a) Widthb) Lengthc) Thickness

+lO mm-0mm+50 mm-0mm+15 percent up to and including 2 mmnominal* 10 percent above 2 mm

3 Measurements of dart drop impact strength is not possiblebelow a thickness of 0.75 mm due to lack of rigidity in thesheet/film. Also impact strength is not of much importancein thinner gauges. In such cases the impact strength require-ment in block 4 should be mentioned as not specified.3

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IS I4443 : 1997Example I

IS

Block 1(Indian Standard)

PCZNP

Block 2(Polycarbonate twin wall sheet N profile andpolished surface) _IBlock 3(UV stabilized, surface coating not specified, transluscent and cotoured)

LORC 1530

JBlock 4(Weight 1.3 kg/m*,Dart drop impact strength of 14 J, Light transmission of 58 percent and flammability not specified)Example 2ISBlock 1(Indian Standard)

PClSP

Block 2(Polycarbonate single layer solid plain surfaced sheet)

LHTN

Block 3(Light stabilized resin, hard coated transparent, natural colour sheet)

7124

JBlock 4(14 kg/m, dart drop impact strength of more than 150 J, light transmission 79 percent and UL 94 VO rating)Block 5(Explosion resistance of level 3)

4 CONFORMANCE TO THE STANDARD4.1 All property limits specified in this standardare considered to be absolute in nature.4.2 To check conformity of any material with thisstandard observed or calculated values of proper-ties have to be directly compared with the specifiedlimits without recourse to rounding off.4.3 Conformance or non-conformance is decidedbased on this comparison.5 SAMPLINGRepresentative samples of the material shall bedrawn as prescribed in Annex G.6 CONDITIONS OF TEST SPECIMEN ANDCONDITIONS FOR TESTSAll test specimens are to be conditioned for aminimum period of 48 h at 27 it 2C under 65 f 5percent relative humidity and the tests are also tobe carried under same conditions.

E3

_

7 PACKING AND MARKING7.1 Packing7.1 Unless otherwise agreed between the pur-chaser and the supplier, all polycarbonate sheetsshall usually be masked on both sides by use ofadhesive paper or plastic film which can be peeledoff easily without damaging the surface or leavingany mark of the adhesive. In case, however, onesurface is having ribbed or coarse grain structure,the use of masking is redundant for that surface.All these masked sheets, depending upon the easeof handling, shall be packed suitably as agreed tobetween the purchaser and the supplier.7.2 Marking7.2.1 Each masked sheet shall be legibly andindelibly marked with the following information:a>

b)C>d)e>9

indication of the source of manufacture andrecognized trade-mark, if any;Name, grade designation and colour of thesheet material;Nominal thickness in mm;Size (width and length) in mm;Date of manufacture; andBatch No. or Code No.

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IS 14443 : 19977.2.2 Each packages of the masked sheet shall also 7.3 BIS Certification Markingbe legibly and indelibly marked with the followinginformation: The packages may also be marked with the Stand-a>

b)C>d)e>r)g>

Indication of the source of manufacture andrecognized trade-mark, if any;Name, grade designation and colour of thesheet material;

ard Mark.

Nominal thickness of the sheet in mm;Dimension of the sheet;Number of sheets in the package;Date of manufacture; andBatch No. or Code No.

7.3.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed bythe provisions of the Burenu of ndian StandardsAct 1986 and the Rules and Regulations madethereunder. Details of conditions under which alicence for the use of the Standard Mark may begranted to manufacturers or producers, may beobtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.

ANNEX AForeword)

CODE OF GOOD FABRICATING PRACTICESA-l Polycarbonate sheets are amenable to practi-cally all sorts of forming and fabricating techniquesin comparison to other thermoplastic sheets.Adoption of improper practices, however, can leadto unacceptable performance level at the end use.This code of good fabricating practices highlightsthe areas of critical importance in forming andfabrication of polycarbonate sheets. It cannot,however, be treated as a complete guide to fabricat-ing or forming. Experts in this field should in-variably be consulted on various aspects especiallywhen the end use is of critical importance.A-2 FORMINGFor production of limited number of large simpleparts with_uniform wall thickness, forming of plas-tic sheets has been found most economical route ofproduction. Polycarbonate sheets are readilyadoptable to standard forming techniques.Polycarbonate sheets, however, cool very rapidlyand to achieve good results the forming machinesshould invariably be equipped with its own heatingdevices. To avoid blistering and consequent brit-tleness in the end product, polycarbonate sheetsmust be pre-dried especially if the forming opera-tion is carried out at temperature over 16OC. Theclamping frame should preferably be heated toprevent heat loss of heated sheets through theframe. Since polycarbonate sheets cool very fast,the forming should be done rapidly as soon as thesheets reach desired temperature. Demouldingshould also be carried out quickly as soon as thematerial is rigid but still hot to touch.A-2.1 MouldsWood, filled or unfilled polyesters, epoxies andmetal can be used as mould material. To avoidthermal shock to polycarbonate sheet, materialswhich are not good conductor of heat are preferred

tooling materials. If use of metal is must, the mouldshould be heated to 12O-125C. Generous radii ofat least equal to wall thickness of the productshould be provided in the tool. Draft angles of 5-7for male moulds and 2-3 for female moulds arerecommended. Ashrinkage factor of 0.5 - 1 percentshould be considered while designing the tool. Toavoid air entrapment and consequent marks on theproduct surface, too smooth a mould surfaceshould be avoided. Minute air channel can beprovided on the mould surface by use of mediumsand paper or fine steel wool. Adequate number ofvacuum holes of 0.5 to 0.75 mm diameter should beprovided in the mould to facilitate removal of airfrom between mould surface and polycarbonatesheet. To speed up air evacuation, back drilling ofthe holes with larger diameter drill can be adopted.Normally, release of product from a properlydesigned mould should not pose a problem. If,difficulty is encountered, release agents likesilicone spray, polytetrafluoroethylene spray, zincstearate, talcum powder, etc, can be used. How-ever, when the part has to undergo finishing opera-tions like painting, printing or bonding, silicone orteflon spray should not be used.A-2.2 Pre-dryingPolycarbonate sheets are to be pre-dried beforeforming in hot air circulating oven maintained at125 2 3C. The air volume in the oven should beexchanged six times in an hour to remove watervapour. Polycarbonate sheets, after removal ofmasking, should be hung vertically or be placed inhorizontal racks with a separation of about 25 mm.After pre-drying the sheets should be used withinfew hours depending on sheet thickness and localatmospheric condition. Drying time varies withsheet thickness as given in Table 8.

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IS 14443 : 1997Table 8 Drying Time

Clause A-2.2)Sheet Thickness

mm>1)

0.751.001.502.003.004.005.006.008.009.50

12.00

A-2.3 Heating

Drying Time)2)

0.501.001.503.004.00

10.0016.0024.0036.0040.0048.00

Production of good parts depends on controlledand uniform heating of polycarbonate sheets.Sandwich type heaters are recommended. Normalforming temperature are between 185210Crange. Best result is achieved at around 2OOC.Heating rate is usually affected by power fluctua-tion and air draught and should be controlled. Toavoid hot spots and to achieve forming temperatureat the edges, slower heating is recommended.Clamping frame should be pre-heated to 120-130c.A-2.4 CoolingDue to high heat distortion temperature of polycar-bonate, products formed from polycarbonatesheets retain sufficient rigidity even at 125C andcan be demoulded at this temperature. Thisenables to achieve lower cycle time in the formingprocess.A-2.5 TechniquesAll thermo-forming techniques like plug assistedand unassisted vacuum forming, free blowing, pres-sure forming or snap back forming can be used togive desired shapes to polycarbonate sheets.Polycarbonate sheets can also be cold formed atrelatively lower temperature of about 160C bytechniques like drape forming, matched mouldforming, hot line bending, etc. In such cases pre-drying of sheets can be avoided. Polycarbonatesheets are heated in an oven on felt covered sup-ports. Tools are to be pre-heated to SOC. Sinceembossing of polycarbonate thin sheets is widelyemployed in fabrication of membrane switches thistechnique is discussed in slightly more detail in thenext section.A-2.5.1 EmbossingEmbossing is used to form raised areas in thinpolycarbonate sheets. Thickness of up to 0.25 mm

is readily amenable to embossing while thicknessup to 0.50 mm can be embossed only in certainconfiguration. Due to high stress build up duringembossing operation, life of membrane switchcould be affected significantly and life testing isalways recommended. Embossing dies can bemade from metals like zinc, magnesium, aluminiumand steel and-non-metals like polyesters, siliconerubbers, etc. The clearance between male andfemale portions of the die should be approximatelyequal to sheet thickness. Draft angle of minimum3 on both male and female tools is recommended.To reduce fatigue and impact failure possibilitiesall corners should have radii of equal or greaterthan the sheet thickness. The embossing widthshould be equal or greater than 5 times the sheetthickness. The embossing height should not exceed2.5 times the sheet thickness (excluding adhesiveand liner) with sheet thickness included in themeasurement. Spacing between embossed areasshould be 1.5 mm minimum to limit distortion afterembossing.A-2.6 AnnealingStress relaxation through annealing in formedproducts should preferably be avoided. Frozen instress can be reduced by adopting better processingparameters and good machines. In certain coldformed products the stress can be relieved by heat-ing at 130-13SC for 1 h per 25 mm of sheet thick-ness. The impact strength of the products,however, might be reduced after this operation.Since the products tend to deform while releasingstress, they should be kept in forms during theprocess.A-3 MACIIININGPolycarbonate sheets can be machined using ordi-nary workshop equipments. Cooling is not neces-sary under normal conditions, but at higher cuttingspeeds, cooling with air or water is recommended.Oil emulsions should not be used for cooling pur-poses. No sharp corners or notches should be lefton the sheet after machining as they may lead topart failure.A-3.1 SawingOrdinary band saws and circular saws can be usedto cut polycarbonate sheets. Due to heat resistancecharacteristics of polycarbonate, blade speed andcutting rate are not very critical. Tungsten carbidetipped saw blades should be used. To achieve cleancut following recommendations should beobserved (see Fig. 1).

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IS 14443 : 1997Circular Saw Band Saw

Clearance angle 20-30 20-30 For single sheet less than 3 mm, thick,band saws routers or shears-arepreferred to circular sawsRake angle l-5 O-5Shaftspeed 2 500-4 000 rev/minBlade or band speed 1800-2 400 m/min 600-l 000 m/minTooth spacing 9-15 mm 1.5-2.5 mm

NOTE Polycarbonate heets hould be clamped to the support table to avoid vibration and rough cutting.

TOOTH SPACING T

FIG. 1 DETAILS OF SAW BLADESA-3.2 DrillingCarbon steel twist drills have been found suitablefor drilling polycarbonate sheets. To achieve bestresults, however, high speed carbide tipped twistdrills should be used under conditions given inTable 9.

Table 9 Conditions for DrillingClause A-3.2)Hole Speed Feed Recommended

Diameter revimin rcv/min Drill Angles(mm)(1) (2) (3) (4)3 1750 0.035-0.075 Clearance Angle 1.56 1 000-l 500 0.035-0.075 Rake Angle O-39 600-100 0.012-0.074 Included tipangle 160-18012 325650 0.07518 350 0.075

To drill larger holes, special drill bits with rakeangle of at least 5 should be used (see Fig. 2).Sheets~should be-clamped to the drilling table toavoid vibration and to minimize friction in the drillhole. Swarf should regularly be removed.A-3.3 Shearing and PunchingShearing or punching of polycarbonate sheets up to3 mm thickness is quite easy. To obtain smoothcuts shear blades with rake angle of 45 or more anda clearance between the bed and the blade of 0.015-0.030 mm should be used (set Fig. 3). Shrinkageallowance of up to 5 percent should be made whilepunching holes.

A-3.4 TurningFor turning of polycarbonate sheet following toolparameters (see Fig. 4) are critical:

Clearance angle 20Rake angle O-5Tip radius 0.5 mmSpeed 500-l 000 m/minCutting speed 0.1-0.5 mm/rev

Tough swarf is produced during turning of polycar-bonate sheet and this should not build up onmachine or the tool. At higher cutting speed, turn-ing should be stopped periodically to cool the workpiece with air or water.A-3.5 MillingUniversal milling machine can be used for polycar-bonate sheets. Apart from ordinary metal workingtools high speed knife cutters can be used also. Toachieve good results following parameters areimportant.Clearance angle 20-25Rake angle O-5Speed of milling~cutter 100-500 rev/minCutting speed 0.1-0.5 mmircvA-3.6 TappingStandard metal working taps are recommended forpolycarbonate sheets. Taps that produce threadswith root diameters slightly rounded arc preferred.To avoid excessive heat build up tapping should bedone gently. Cutting oils or emulsions shouldpreferably not be used.

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weatherability of polycarbonate sheets remainunaffected.A-4.2 Cold Line BendingSheet thickness, tool edge and angle of bendingdetermine the mechanical cold bending results.Blunt tool edges should be avoided. Sufficient time(about 2-3 s) for immediate sheet relaxation afterbending should be allowed. Assembling should beundertaken only after relaxation for 5 to 10 days.During installation any forced reduction of bendingangle must be avoided. Since cold bent sheets areunder internal stress, the impact resistance ofsheets is reduced. This limits use of cold bentsheets in less demanding applications.A-4.3 Hot Line BendingPolycarbonate sheet is locally heated to 155160Cin this method by an electrical resistance wire.With single heating the sheet must be turned overseveral times. After desired heating level isachieved, the sheet is bent to the required angle.For better tolerance and higher productivity, bend-ing machines with temperature controlled heaterson both sides should be used.A-5 ASSEMBLYIn the process of fabricating parts from polycar-bonate sheet, it might be required to bond it withanother piece of plastics including polycarbonateor glass or metal. The bonding technique that canbe adopted depends on the part configuration,strength requirement, flexibility, heat resistance,etc. Ease of bonding and appearance also havemajor role to play. Adhesive bonding, mechanicalfastening or welding can be successfully used tobond polycarbonate sheet.A-5.1 Adhesive BondingInherent stress level, temperatures, time of ex-posure and nature and concentration of chemicalsdetermine the chemical resistance behaviour ofpolycarbonate sheets. Many of the usual solventsused in manufacture of adhesives are known tocause stress cracking of polycarbonate. Selectionof adhesive, should therefore, be made on the basisof practical data pertaining to the actual stressconditions and end-use requirements. Many of theepoxy and polyurethane based adhesives andpolycarbonate solutions in methylene dichloridehave widely been found useful in polycarbonatesheets fabrication.A-S.2 Mechanical FasteningPop rivets are -widely used in fastening polycar-bonate sheets mechanically. Only aluminiumrivets are recommended. The rivet head should be

IS 14443 : 19972.5-3 times the diameter. Drilling of oversizedholes is recommended to ~accommodate thermalexpansion of rivets. Aluminium and neoprenewashers should be used to spread out the load.Application of small amount of silicone fluid in thehole reduces chance of stress cracking and environ-ment attack. Even spreading of rivets helps tominimize possibility of localized overstressing.The above recommendations are also true if nutand bolts are used. Non-rusting type nuts and boltsshould be used and nuts should not be tightened toofirmly.A-5.3 WeldingTraditional welding is not a recommended techni-que as a large scale production method for jointingof polycarbonate sheet based parts. For smallvolume or proto-type part production, however, itcan be used successfully. The parts and the weldingrod (a stripcut from polycarbonate sheet) must bepredried as per standard practice. The parts are putnext to each other with minimal separation. Thehot air temperature should be set around 475-500%Ultrasonic spot welding technique when used tojoin polycarbonate sheets results in high mechani-cal performance and low residual stress. More than70 percent of tensile strength of polycarbonatesheet can be attained in the bonded areas using thisfast and effective technique. Use of high ultrasonicamplitude is recommended. A fillet radius shouldbe included at the root of the stud to reduce stressconcentration and to prevent possible breakage inthis area caused by high vibrational energy.A-6 FINISIIINGMost common finishing operations that are con-ducted on polycarbonate sheet parts are paintingand printing. Since both paints and printing inksare largely based on organic solvents which areknown to have adverse effects on polycarbonate,selection of these should be based on stress level inthe parts and practical experience of efficiency of aparticular paint or ink system in similar conditionsof use.A-6.1 PaintingStandard spray painting technique can be adopted;cleaning of the surface is a must prior to painting.Both single and two component epoxy andpolyurethane paint systems have been developedfor painting on polycarbonate surface. Single coatand multi-coat systems are available within theavailable range of paints. If cut and spray techniqueis employed, care should be taken to avoid deep cutsin the sheet surface while cutting through the

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1s 4443: 997masking layer. Notches created by deep cuts maycause impact failure in the parts.A-6.2 Screen PrintingScreen printing of polycarbonate sheets is similarto the technique adopted for other materials. Vinyland acrylic based inks are found suitable. However,selection of ink should be based on similar judge-ment as recommended in case of paints. Thinner,if used, should be as per manufacturers recommen-dations.A-6.3 Anti-Static TreatmentPolycarbonate sheers are good electrical insulator.Machining or handling of polycarbonate sheetsusually result in accumulation of static charge onthe surface. Surface treatment with proper anti-static agents reduces the possibility of static chargebuild up in polycarbonate sheets. Proprietory anti-static formulations are available from chemicalmanufacturers like American Cynamide Co.AKZO and BEE Chemical Co.A-6.4 CleaningSurface cleaning of polycarbonate sheets is re-quired before and/or after various finishing opera-tions. Sometimes this might be required evenbefore forming. Recommended clearing agents aremild detergent dissolved in water, isopropyl orisobutyl alcohol and clean water. Use of soft clothor sponge helps in cleaning. Paint splashes,greases, dirt, etc, can be removed easily beforedrying by rubbing lightly with cotton moistenedwith methylated spirit or petroleum ether. A washwith mild soap solution and clean water shouldfollow. To avoid water spots the surface should bedried thoroughly with a chemois or moist cellulosesponge. Abrasive or highly alkaline cleanersshould never be used on polycarbonate sheets. Sur-face should also not be scrapped with razor or anyother sharp tool. In case of heavy dust build up, anionising airgun should be used to remove the dust.It should be followed by wiping with soft clothdipped in water or 4.5 percent iso propyl alcohol.A-7 INSTALLATIONPolycarbonate shee1.s of both compact and multi-walled hollow varieties are extensively used inbuilding and construction industry. Architecturaland engineering design for any installation shouldbe guided by factors like wind load and snow load(wherever applicable) on the installation. Data

related to span width, radius of curvature and sheetthickness, etc, in relation to loading are availablefrom sheet suppliers and should be used judicious-ly. Depending on sheet thickness and possibleloading the edge engagement of sheet is deter-mined. Since thermal expansion of polycarbonatesheet is relatively higher, the rebate depth (depthof fixing profile) should be calculated and main-tained accurately to avoid deformation of sheetafter installation, Rain water drainage should beensured in case of_horizontal installation by main-taining a slope of 9 cm per metre length of sheet.Wood or metal profiles can be used as structuralsupport. General recommendations given belowshould be followed during installation of sheets:

a)b)Cld)e>f-Ja

Edge engagement and expansion allowanceshould be calculated.Sheets are to be cut to exact size and edgesshould be free from cuts and notches.SOmm of masking should be removed fromall edges.Suitable gaskets or sealants should be usedat the edges.Masking should be completely removedsoon after completion of installation.Sheets should be cleaned with mild soapsolution and soft cloth after installation isover.In case of UV coated sheets, the coated sideshould always face the outside. No solventshould be used to clean this coated surface.

Sealant should be used not only to secure the sheetsproperly with the supporting frame but also toeliminate possibility of leakage. Keeping the ex-pansion and contraction the sheet undergoes dueto temperature fluctuations, the sealant should ac-commodate certain amount of movement withoutloss of adhesion with frame or sheet. Silicone andpolysulfide sealants and polybutene tapes havebeen found suitable in this respect and are usedquite often. However, chemical compatibility ofthe sealing system with polycarbonate sheet has tobe established before use during installation.Where expansion and contraction of sheet exceedsthe limitation of such sealants, Neoprene or EPDMrubber gaskets of about 65 shore hardness can beused, The gasket is snap fitted into the glazing barsto allow free movement of the sheet during thermalexpansion or contraction. Moreover, use of suchgasket has aesthetic value as well.

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IS 14443 : 1997

ANNEX BClause 3.2.4)

DART DROP IMPACT STRENGTHB-l A Gardner Impact Tester (see Fig. 5) is usedfor testing dart drop impact strength of poly-carbonate sheets. The specimen is placed over ahole of 25.4 mm diameter in a die mounted on theanvil. A round nosed dart, 12.7 mm diameter isplaced upon the specimen. A dart with a variablemass of up to 15.0 kg is raised to the desired heightin a 1.25 m calibrated tube and dropped. The

maximum applied impact energy is given as:M x n = 15.0 kg x 1.25 m = 18.75 kg. m (187.5 J)

A slight reduction in the maximum energy mayoccur due to the zero adjustment necessary for thevarious thicknesses of the specimen. The testspecimen considered to have passed the test if thesample shows no visible signs of surface crackingaround the impact area.

C_ I@ 25 4mm

FIG.~ ARDNER IMPACTTESTING ACHINE

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IS 14443 : 1997ANNEX C

(Clause 3.2.5)TEST FOR VANDAL RESISTANCE

C-l PRINCIPLEAsteel ball is dropped three times onto a test piece.It is checked whether the ball penetrates the testpiece. Glazing is then classified according to itsimpact resistance established on the basis of testresults.C-2 APPARATUSC-2.1 Palling BodyA steel ball, with a nominal diameter of 100 mm(with a mass of about 4 110 g).C-2.2 Ball HolderA device to hold the steel ball in place before it isdropped (for example, an electromagnet). Thedevice shall permit the drop height to be adjustedwithin the specified tolerance (see Table 10) andshall not exert a propelling force on the ball as itfalls, that is, the ball shall acceleraEe only due togravity and fall vertically (see also C-4.2).

C-2.3 Test Piece HolderThe est piece holder (see Fig. 6) shall consist of asteel clamping frame and a catch box for splintersand the ball. The holder shall:

a)b)Cl4e)f)g)h)

be rigid;be inflexibly connected to a rigid base;ensure that the test piece is uniformlyclamped in a horizontal position;be designed so that the test piece is onlysupported by the clamping frameduring thetest;permit the test piece to be clamped on allsides, the clamping width being 30 + 5 mm;have upper and lower clamping faces fittedwith a 30 mm wide; 4 mm thick rubber striphaving an IRHD hardness of 50 & 10;ensure that the test piece is clam2ped with asurface pressure of 14 sfi 2 N/cm ; andhave an energy-absorbing catch box suchthat the ball is not damaged and does notrebound, should it strike it.

RUBBER STRIPS

200mm 7

RUBBER STRIPS

ENERGY-ABSORBINMATERIALSECTION AAREVOLVED BY 3~ AND ENLARGED)

FIG. EXAMPLEOI:TESTPIECE.HOLDERC-3 TEST PIECES A marking on the test piece shall indicate the sideC-3.1 Type, Dimensions and Marking of Test Pieces to face the imPact-Test pieces 1 100 rt 5 mm long and 900 + 5 mm C-3.2 Number of Test Pieceswide, shall be prepared from the same materials,and processed under the same conditions, as the Three test pieces shall be used per type of glazingglazing which they represent. They shall be edged. and level of attack.

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C-3.3 Conditioning of Test PiecesThe test pieces shall be conditioned in a verticalposition, at a temperature of 27 ir 2C, for atleast12 h immediately prior to testing.

dislodgement from the frame. A test piece shall bedeemed to have been penetrated if at least one ballhas passed through it.

C-4 PROCEDUREC-4.1 Testing shall be carried out at a temperatureof 27 + 2C.

A test piece shall be deemed to have been dislodgedfrom the frame if one of its edges has been displacedby more than 5 mm. If so, the test shall be repeatedwith a new test piece.C-5.2 Establishing Impact Resistance Class

C-4.2 The test piece shall be placed horizontally inthe test piece holder. The drop height (clear dis-tance between falling body and test piece) shall beadjusted to comply with the specifications given inTable 10.

The resistanceto impact of each test piece, for eachlevel of attack, shall be established in accordancewith Table 11 on the basis of the evaluationdescribed in C-5.1.Table 10 Drop Height Table 11 Impact Resistance~Classes(Clauses C-2.2 and C-4.2) Clause C-5.2)

LpvelofAttack Drop Heightmm)

1) S?1 35002 6 5003 9500

C-4.3 The ball shall be dropped three times ontoeach test piece from the same height. The dropshall be made to form an equilateral triangle, in thecentre of the test piece, with a side length of 130+- 20 mm. Any loose splinters shall be removedfrom thetest piece after each drop.C-5 EVALUATION

Level of Attack Impnct Resistance ClassNone of the Three TestPieces was Penetrated

(1)123

hy the Ball or Dislodgedfrom the Frame(2)AlA2A3

Table 11 specifies three resistance classes. Theresistance class increases as the level of attackincreases (that is, greater drop heights are used).C-5.1 Inspection for Penetration and DislodgementAfter testing, each test piece shall be inspected forpenetration or, if no penetration has occurred, for

The glazing shall be classified according to thelowest class for which test conditions have beenmet.

IS 14443 : 1997

ANNEX D(Clause 3.2.5)TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO FORCED ENTRY

-D-l GENERALThe procedure serves as a test to prove the ruptureresisting feature of rupture resistant glazingsagainst attacks with cutting/striking tools and forclassification of glazings into groups of resistanceagainst penetration.

NOTE - Glazings whose rupture resistant features arebelow the resistance class B 1 according to this norm, can betested and classified in accordance with Annex C of thisstandard.

The procedure is to be applied only for testing ofruplured glazings which have identical cross-sec-tion relations across the whole area.

D-2 SUMMARY OF THE PROCEDURETests are performed under defined conditions bymeans of an installation that simulates the require-ments when an axe is used by hand. This allows thedetermination of the minimum number of axe-im-pacts required for a defined fracture. Dependingon the test results, the class of resistance of a glaz-ing-type is defined.D-3 APPARATUSD-3.1 Figure 7 shows the principle sketch of adevice for testing the rupture resistant quality ofrupture resistant glazings.

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IS 14443 1997D-3.1.1 Supporting DeviceThe supporting device for testing purposes shall:

- be rigid in itself;- have an unyielding connection with a solidbase and/or sturdy walling;- secure a plan-parallel gripping of the testmaterial in a vertical position;- be constructed in such a manner that thematerial, during testing, is supportedagainst the frame attachment only;I

--

-

allow to clamp the testing material on allsides with a border margin of 30 of: 5 mm;be padded on the front and rear clampingarea with 30 mm wide rubber strips, 4 mmthick, hardness 50 of: 10 IRHD; andguarantee that the edges of the testingmaterial are mounted with a surface pres-sure of 14 + 1 N/cm2.

SUPPORT DEVICE

FRAME ATTACHMENT\

PNEUMATIC LOCK OF/ FRAME ATTACHMENT, AXE

TESTING MATERIAL

TENSION MECHANISM ITENSION SPRINGFig.7DBv1cF) FORTESTINGOFRUPTURERESISTANTQUALI ~OFRUPTURERESIST~TGLAZING

(PRINCIPLESKETCHFORANEXHIBITIONSAMPLE)D-3.1.2 AxeThe axe-edge shall have a qualified sharpness, awedge angle of the blade of 35 + 5, a slightlyconvexed flank, as well as a standard normedbending radius and a standard normed hardness51- 56 HRC.After 10 impacts the wedge shall be resharpenedand checked for standard normed sharpness.An axe shall not be reused for testing if- the axe-wedge has been reduced duringresharpening by a maximum of 30 mm; and

- the standard norm of hardness of the axe-wedge does not exist anymore.D-3.1.3 Installation for Simulation of the StressCondition by a Hand- Used AxeThe installation for simulating the requirementswhen a hand axe is used shall:

- be in itself rigid;- have an unyielding connection with a solidbase and/or sturdy walling; and

- guarantee that the axe is tested according toD-3.1.2 (cutting edge of the axe) with thevelocity of impact V-impact according toTable 12, that the energy of impact E-impactaccording to Table 12, and that the angle ofimpact A-impact, relates to the areal-normof the sample and to the tangent of thecutting edge at the point of impact 65 + 3.5onto the testing material.

D-3.1.4 Measuring Device for the Determination ofthe Impact Velocity of the Axe V-ImpactThe measuring device shall allow determination ofthe impact velocity of the axe V-impact on 0.05 m/s.D-4 SAMPLESD-4.1 Means, Dimensions and Identification ofSamplesThe samples shall correspond with material anddesign of the type of glazing to be tested.Length of sample 1 100 rt 5 mm

Width of sample 900 rt 5 mmThe impact side of each sample shall be marked.

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D-4.2 Number of SamplesThree samples of the glazing type to be tested foreach testing condition.D-4.3 Condition of Samples and PreparationD-4.3.1 The samples are required to have hemmededges.Directly before the test each sample must be storedhorizontally, self-supporting, at least for 12 h , at atemperature of 27 + 2C.D-4.3.2 The test conditions for the various meansof stress are given in Table 12. Testing temperatureis 27 2 2C.D-4.3.3 The sample shall be fastened into the sup-porting device in such a manner that it is completelyanchored to the front and rear clamping zone.D-4.3.4 The velocity speed V-impact of each axestroke shall be determined.

*D-4.3.5 It should be tried, with each sample, toproduce a square penetration with a side-length of400 2 10 mm in such a manner that- the diagonal point of penetration is identi-cal with the sample; and- as a penetration, the ejected material has norelation (bridge) to the other remainingsample (glazing) (entire separation).

One should relinquish an entire detachment if thematerial (as a penetration) that has to be detached,in spite of~a connnection, folds up due to its ownweight into a horizontal position, and therebyreleases the opening.Should the producing of a square penetration onaccount of the corresponding break-picture be not

IS 14443 : 1997meaningful, or not possible, a different penetrationcan be provided. The penetration however, has tohave an inner circle of 510 + 15 mm in diameter.The request for an entire penetration and relatedexeption are still valid.The required number of axe-strokes for the ruptureis determined. Loosening strokes and separationstrokes are identical and both are axe-strokes.Without,having achieved a penetration, the test canbe stopped, if the definite allocation to a resistancegroup, requiring a minimum number of axe-strokes, has been reached.

D-4.3.6 During tests with silicateglass-objects, thepreceding are to be destroyed within the separationarea, by the dull edge of the axe with so calledloosening-strokes. The forward feed of the loosen-ing-strokes shill be selected in such a way, that theareas, in which the silicateglass-objects are splitinto fine and finest parts (called grey-zones), atleast touch each other. After the loosening-strokes, blows with the sharp edge of the axe (calledseparation-knocks) shall be performed.

With the other tests shall be initiated immediatelywith separation-strokes.D-4.3.7 The first separation-strokes are to be leadon the same spot until the axe-bladehas penetratedthe sample for the first time. Thereby it is allowedto dislocate the axe slightly in both directions alongthe frame line in order that the first point of separa-tion is larger than the length of the axes blade. Theforward feed following thereafter has to be selectedless than or equal to cutting length of the axe.

Table 12 Testing Conditions(Clauses D-3.1.3 and D-4.3.2)Key for Type Simulation of Stress Condition by a Hand-Used Axe

of stress A/ \Loosening Strokes Separation Strokes Axe/ r. \ / h StrokesI in

Impact Impact Impact Impactvelocity energ velocity energy

of axe of axe of axe of axeV-impact E-impact V-impact E-impactm/s +0.3 Nm+lS m/s +0.3 Nm +15

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)1 12.5 350 11.0 300 30-502 12.5 350 11.0 300 Over 50-703 12.5 350 11.0 300 Over 70

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IS 14443 : 1997Separation-strokes are not to be conducted onaccrued glass powder.D-5 EVALUATION

Table 13 Distribution of Rupture ResistantGlazings into Resistance-Classes AgainstPenetration(Clause D-5.2)D-5.1 Evaluation of the Test ResultsFor each test is to be decided, if means and dimen-sions of the penetration, including velocity ofimpact of the axe, are or were according to norm.D-S.2 Estnblishment of the Class of ResistanceAgainst PenetrationBased on the load spectra under service conditionsand the number of executed axe-strokes for eachtest, the resistance-class must be determinedagainst penetration according to Table 13.

Key to Load Axe-Strokes Resistance-ClassSpectra in Against Penetration;I 2)10-50 f12 Over 50-70 B23 Over 70 B3

The lowest resistance-class determined againstpenetration is to be allocated to the tested glazingtype. According to Table 13, three resistance-clas-ses exist against penetration. The resistance-classincreases with intensifying load (higher means ofstress).

ANNEX EClause 3.2.5)

TEST FOR BULLET RESISTANCEE;l PRINCIPLE E-3 TEST PIECESShots are fired at test pieces under defined condi-tions. The test pieces are inspected for bulletpenetration or, if no penetration has occurred, forsplintering. Glazing is then classified according toits bullet resistance established on the basis of testresults.

E-3.1 Type, Dimensions and Marking of TestPieces

E-2 APPARATUS

Test pieces, 500 f 5 mm square, shall be preparedfrom the same materials, and processed under thesame conditions as the glazing which they repre-sent. They shall be edged.A marking on the test piece shall indicate the sideto face the attack.E-3.2 Number of Test PiecesThe following apparatus are required:

a>b)C)

d)

e)

A frame to mount the test piece in accord-ance with E-4.1;Three test pieces are required per type of glazingand level of attack.

Firearms or other ballistic testing equip-ment (see Table 14);Ammunition which permits compliancewith the test conditions specified inTable 14for the level of attack to be applied. If neces-sary, the ammunition shall be specially con-ditioned and tempered for the test;

E-3.3 Conditioning of Test PiecesAll test pieces shall be conditioned in a verticalposition, at a temperature 27 + 2C, for at least12 h immediately prior to testing.E-4 TEST ASSEMBLY

A suitable system for measuring the bulletvelocity, V2.5,with a limit of error of 10 ps.The reference distance, not to exceed 1 m,shall be such that its midpoint is 2.5 m fromthe barrel muzzle; andA 500 f 5 mm cube-shaped splinter collec-tor with one open side, made of a materialon or in which glass splinters cannot stick.

E-4.1 Mounting the Test PieceThe test piece shall be mounted in a vertical posi-tion with all four edges clamped in a fixed, rigidframe (with parallel clamps), so that:

a) the clamping width is 30 & 5 mm;b) the test piece is not damaged by the mount-ing procedure (see below); andc) the test piece is not dislodged from theframe, either partially or completely, by theshot.

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IS 14443 : 1997Table 14 Test Conditions

Clauses E-2 arzd E-5.1)Level

OfAttack

Type ofWeaponandCalibre ,

Type ofBullet)

Ammunition Firing Rangem>h \

Mass ofBullet,(g)

StrikingVelocity,V2.5, m/s)

355:36;415 to 425435 to 445785 to 795800 to 810

(;I (2) 3)9mmx19 VMR/Wk357 Magnum VMKS/wk44 Magnum VMF/Wk7.62 mm x 51 VMSlWk7.62 mm x 51 VMS/HkhMR/Wk full jacket, round nose, soft point.

VMFlWk full jacket, flat nose, soft point.VMKSiWk full jacket, conical nose, soft point.VMSlWk full jacket, pointed nose, soft point.VMS/Hk full jacket, pointed nose, hard point.

8.00 41.1010.25 f 0.1015.55 & 0.109.45 + 0.109.75 + 0.10$133102.5

The test piece shall lie flush on the front and rearclamping faces, which have been fitted with a rub-ber strip approximately 35 mm wide and 3 mmthick, having an IRHD hardness of 50 & 10. Thebottom face of the test-piece shall also be cushionedby a rubber strip having the same dimensions andIRHD hardness.E-4.2 Positioning the Splinter CollectorThe splinter collector shall be positioned and in-stalled at a distance of no more than 50 mm behindthe test piece so that:

a) its open side faces the rear of the test piece,andb) the normal to the test piece surface at itscentre coincides with the horizontal centreaxis of the collector.

E-5 PROCEDUREE-5.1 The test conditions, as a function of the levelof attack, are summerized in Table l4.Immediately before testing, the velocity of the bul-lets shall be measured for each level of attack, usingthe prescribed firearm or ballistic equipment, asfollows: a random sample of ten shots shall be firedfrom a batch of no more than 50 catridges, and thestandard deviation, Slo, of the average bulletvelocity, v2.5, at a distance of 2.5 m from the barrelmuzzle, calculated.[see also E-2(d)]. The maximum permissiblestandard deviation shall be 5 m/s. If the test condi-tions specified in Table 14 and the specificationsgiven in E-2 are satisfied, the remaining cartridgesin the batch shall be deemed suitable for use in thetest. If conditions and specifications are not satis-fied, the procedure shall be repeated with a randomsample from another batch.

Note also that the test temperature is not to differby more than 2C from the used during themeasurement of JJ2.5.E-S.2 Three shots shall be fired at each of the threetest pieces so as to form an equilateral triangle, inthe centre of the test piece, with a side length of 125art 10 mm at a firing range up to and including 10 mor 125 2 20 mm at a firing range of 25 m.E-5.3 Both the firearm barrel and the test pieceshall be arranged so that the barrel axis coincideswith a line normal to the surface of the test piece atits centre (that is, the centre point of the equilateraltriangle). Relative to this reference position, theshots shall be fired so as to produce the requiredtriangular pattern.E-6 EVALUATIONE-6.1 inspection for Bullet Penetration andSplinteringAfter testing, each test piece shall be inspected forbullet penetration (see E-6.1.1) or, if no bullet haspenetrated, for splintering (see E-6.1.2).E-6.1.1 Penetration is defined as:

a) the penetration of the bullet or bullet frag-ments into the test piece;b) the lodging of the bullet or bullet fragmentsinto the rear surface of the test piece;andc) a hole resulting from complete bulletpenetration, even if it recloses.

E-6.1.2 The rear side of the test piece shall beinspected for splintering,that is, for the appearanceof splinters in the collector. The test piece shall beassigned class SF~if no splinters are found and SAif splinters are found.

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IS 14443 : 1997E-6.2 Establishing Bullet Resistance Class ing must also fulfil the requirements of any lowerresistance class.The bullet resistance of each test piece, for eachlevel of attack, shall be established in accordance Table 15 Bullet Resistance Classeswith Table 15 on the basis of the evaluationsdescribed in E-6.1.1 and E-6.1.2. (Clause E-6.2)LevelofAttack Bullet Resistance ClassTable 1.5specified ten resistance classes. The resis-tance class increases as the level of attack increases m No Penetrationand for each level of attack, differentiation is made no Splintering Splinteringbetween splintering (SA) and no splintering (SF). (;, (2)Cl-SF c %4The glazing shall be classified according to the 2 C2-SF C2-SA3 CS-SF C3-SAlowest class for which test conditions have been met 4 C4-SF C4-SAin order for this classification to be valid, the glaz- 5 CS-SF CS-SA

ANNEX FClause 3.2.5)

TEST FOR EXPLOSION RESISTANCEF-l GENERAL -The method according to this standard serves fortesting the resistance against explosive effectproperty of security glazing and classification ofglazings in resistance classes. This method is deter-mined only for testing security glazings that havealready been assigned the resistance class A as perAnnex C or a resistance class B or C as per AnnexD and Annex E, respectively.The resistance class assigned to a glazing typeapplies only to that type of glazing with an area of1.00 m2-or less.

-

--

F-2 PRINCIPLE F-3.2 Device for the Demonstration of theSamples are tested under defined conditions inorder to determine which positive maximum pres-sure of a reflected blast wave a glazing type resistsfor a set time (impulse). The class of resistanceagainst explosive effect is determined on the basisof the test result.

Explosive Effect

F-3 APPARATUS

Required features:- simulation of a vertical area1 effect of aspherical non-shattering explosive chargeequivalent to Trinitrotoluol (TNT) on theattack side surface of the specimen(detonated in the specified distance); and

F-3.1 Specimen IIolderRequired properties:- intrinsicly rigid;

- it shall permit the realization of the testconditions as per Table 16.

- unyielding connection to rigid backgroundand/or solid masonry;- ensurance of plane parallel specimen grip-ping in vertical position;- designed to ensure that the specimen is onlysupported by the frame during the test;- it shall permit the specimen to be clampedon a11 ides with 50 -+ 10 mm edge width;

F-3.3 Measuring device to determine the mag-nitude and timely development of the positivepressure of the blast wave reflected from the attackside surface of the specimen.Device tolerance: 5 percentF-4 SPECIMENS

- its front and rear pressure surfaces shall becovered with 50 mm wide rubber strips 4 mmthick, 50 +- 10 IRHD hardness;

F-4.1 Type, Dimensions and Marking ofSpecimensMaterials and structure of the specimen shallconform to the glazing type to be tested.

it shall ensure that the specimen edges areclamped with 14 f 3 kg/cm* surface pres-sure;facing on all sides 1000 mm Min, wide or tothe wall of the detonation tube or detona-tion dugout;on the side of attack the facing shall be flushwith the surface of the specimen holder; andthe specimen shall be clamped so as to en-sure that the specimen surface does notprotrude from the specimen holder or has arecess of not more than 20 mm.

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IS 14443 : 1997

ANNEX GCzuzLse )

SAMPLING OF POLYCARBONATE SIIEETSG-l SCALE OF SAMPLINGG-l.1 LotIn a single consignement all the sheets of identicaldimensions belonging to the same batch ofmanufacture shall be grouped together toconstitute a lot.G-l.2 For judging conformity to the specifiedrequirements each lot shall be consideredseparately.G-l.3 The number of sample sheets from a lot fordetermining the conformity shall be in accordancewith co1 1 and 2 of Table 18.G-l.4 The sample sheet shall be taken at randomfrom the lot. In order to ensure randomness ofselection, random number tables may be used (seealso IS 4905).

G-2 N-UMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FORCONFORMITYG-2.1 Each of the sample sheets selected accordingto G-l.3 shall be tested for all the requirements ofthis specification. The lot shall be declared to be inconformity if each sample sheet individually meetsthe specified requirements.

Table 18 Number of Sample SheetsClause G-1.3)

Number of Sheetsin a Lot

;up to 2526 to150

151 to300301 to 500

501 and above

Number of SampleSheets

+2345

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Bureau of Indian StandardsBIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country.CopyrightBIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course ofimplementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.Review of Indian StandardsAmendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are alsoreviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates thatno changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Usersof Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition byreferring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and Standards: Monthly Additions.This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. PCD 12 (1236).

Amendments Issued Since PublicationAmend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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Telegrams : Manaksanstha(Common to all offices)

Regional Offices : TelephoneCentral : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17NEW DELHI 110002 323 38 41Eastern : l/14 C. LT. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 337 84 99,337 85 61CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 9120Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 ,{ 60 38 43

60 20 25Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42235 15 19,235 23 15Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) { 832 92 95,832 78 58MUMBAI 400093 832 78,91,832 78 92Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE.