· pdf filebend is 294.3 kpa and friction losses are ten percent of the velocity head ......

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Con. 3462-11. RK-2040

(3 Hours) [ Total Marks: 100

N.B.: (1) Question NO.1 is compulsory.(2) Attempt any four questions out of remaining six questions.(3) Assumptions made should be clearly stated ..(4) Assume any suitable data wherever required but justify the same.(5) Figures to the right indicate marks.(6) Illustrate answers with sketches wherever required.

Q.1. a) Write a note on finite volume method in CFD. (5)

b) With the help of examples distinguish between the differential and integral methods of (5)

analysis.

c) State and prove Reynolds Transport Theorem.

d) Write a note on Kutta=- Joukowski theorem.

Q.2. a) Using the laminar boundary layer velocity distribution:

~ = 2 (~) _ 2 (~)2+ (~)

4

<"0

(i) Check if boundary layer separation occurs.

In terms of Re determine(ii) Boundary layer thickness.

.(iii) Shear stress at the surface.(iv) Local Coefficient of drag.(v) Average coefficient of drag.

b) Write a note on stability of floating bodies.

Q.3. a) Consider the uniform flow (6 mls) flowing over a source and sink pair each of strength15m2/s. If the source and sink are 1.5 m apart determine:

(i) The equation of the streamline 'P:: 0 (3)(ii) Length and width of the streamline (4)(Hi) location of stagnation points. (3)

b) Starting from the Navier-Stokes equation for an incompressible Newtonian fluid derive (to)Bernoulli's equation stating the assumptions.

(5)

(5)

(2)

(8)(2)(2)(2)

(4)

[TURN OVER

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AGJ 1st half (q) 5

Con. 3462-RK-2040-11. 2

Q.4. Using the Reynolds Transport Theorem for the following problem:(i) Derive the expressions for mass flow rate and Forces on water in the bend.(ii) Determine the force erected by the bend on the water.

360 litres per second of water is flowing through a bend of initial diameter 300 mm andfmal diameter 150 mm. The pipe is bent by 60 degrees. The pressure at the inlet of thebend is 294.3 kPa and friction losses are ten percent of the velocity head at the exit.

Q.5. a) For steady incompressible flow verify if the following equations of velocity componentsare possible:

(i) u = 4xy +y v = 6xy + 3x (2)(ii) u = 2X2+ Y V = -4xy (2)

Ifpossible obtain the equation for the streamlines. (2)Check if the flow is irrotational and determine the potential function ifit exists. . (4)

b) Write a note on Prandtl's mixing length theory stating any anamolies and limitations and (10)discuss its relationship with the universal velocity distribution.

Q.6: a) In CFD distinguish between(i) Implicit and explicit schemes (3).(ii) Structured and unstructured grid (3)(iii) Aspect ratio and grid independence. (3)

b) A wooden block 1 m long and 0.5 m wide has specific gravity 0.75 and floats in water. If (6)the block is 0.4 m high determine its metacentric height.

c) With the help of examples distinguish between streamlined and bluff bodies. (5)

Q.7. a) Write a note on Non-Newtonian fluids. (5)

b) Water in reservoir A is at a level 6 m above the water level in reservoir B. The reservoirsare connected by a 5 em diameter horizontal pipe 200 m long. The pressure in reservoir Bis 70 kPa gauge while the reservoir A is exposed to atmosphere. Assuming the Darcyfriction factor of the pipe is 0.02 and neglecting minor losses determine:

I(i) Direction of flow (5)(ii) Discharge of water (5)

c) With the help of examples distinguish between the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches to (5)solutions.

(8)(12)

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( 3 Hours) [ Total Marks : 100N.B. : (1) Question NO.1 is compulsory.

(2) Attempt any four questions from the remaining six questions.(3) Draw neat sketch wherever necessary.(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

1. (a) Differentiate between accuracy and precision.(b) Differentiate between mechanical and pneumatic comparator.

1010

2. (a) Define Gauge factor. Derive the equation for gauge factor.(b) Explain clinometers.

1010

~ 3. (a) The stress in M.S. Flat circular diaphragm.

302 pS = 2 N/m2 where-

16 E

D = diameter in meter E = thickness in meterP = pressure in N/m2Calculate stress and maximum possible absolute error if -D = (0·02 m ± 1 percentt = (0'002 m ± 6 x 10-6) mP = 40 x 104 N/m2 ± 1 percent.

(b) Explain line and end standards also wave length standard.

10

10

4. (a) Explain LVDT and Nozzle flapper transducer.(b) Explain Stroboscope.

128

5. (a) Explain Ionization and Thermal conductivity gauges.(b) Explain the process of measurement of flatness.

128

6. (a) Explain anyone method of gear measurement.(b) Explain RTD and Thermocouple.

1010

7. (a) Explain Vibrometer.(b) Explain significance of mechanical measurement.(c) Explain profile projector.

677

***********

CLASS: SE (Mechanical / Automobile) Semester- III

SUBJECT: MACHINE DRAWING

Periods per week 1Period of 60 min.

Lecture 3

Practical 5

Tutorial --

Hours Marks

Evaluation System Theory Examination 4 100

Practical 3 25

Oral Examination -- --

Term Work 50

TOTAL 175

Sr. No. Details Hrs.

Module 01

Solid Geometry: Intersection of surfaces and Interpretation of solids-Intersection of prism or cylinder with Prism cylinder or cone both solids in simple position only, Primary auxiliary views and aux. projections of simple machine parts. Machine Elements : Free hand sketches of M/C elements such as bolts, nuts, washers, studs, tapped holes, Conventional representation of assembly of Threaded parts in external and sectional Conventional representation of assembly of Threaded parts in external and sectional Views.

09

Module 02

Details and Assembly Drawing: Introduction to unit assembly drawing steps involved in preparing assembly drawing from details and vice versa.

Preparation of details & assembly drawings of Clapper block, Single tool post, Lathe & Milling tail stock, Cotter, knuckle joint, Keys and coupling: Keys-sunk, parallel, woodruff, saddle, feather etc. Coupling - simple, muff, Flanged, protected flange coupling, Oldham’s coupling, universal Coupling.

07

Module 03

Preparation of Details & Assembly Drawings of Bearings- simple, solid, bushes, pedestal, footstep, I.S. conventional representation of ball and bearings.

03

Module 04

Preparation of Details & Assembly Drawings of Pulleys-flat belt, V-belt, rope belts fast and loose pulleys, Pipe joints: flanged joints- spigot and gland and stuffing box, expansion joint

06

Module 05

Preparation of details & assembly drawings of Valves- Air cock, Blow off cock, Steam stop valve, gates valve, globe valve, non-return valve, I.C Engine parts: piston, connecting rod, cross head and crankshaft.

08

Module 06

Preparation of details & assembly drawings of Jigs and fixtures. Limits fits and tolerances dimensioning with tolerances indicating various types of fit in details and assembly drawings

06

Theory Examination:

1. Question paper will comprise of total seven questions, each of 20 Marks 2. Only five question need to be solved. 3. Question one will be compulsory and based on maximum part of syllabus. 4. Remaining questions will be mixed in nature (for example supposed Q.2 has part (a) from module 3 then part (b) will be from any module other than module 3) 5. In question paper weightage of each module will be proportional to number of respective lecture hours as mentioned in the syllabus.

Practical Examination:

Practical examination will be based on part B of the Term work Term Work: A. Total 4 numbers of half imperial drawing sheets 1 Sheet on Module 1minimum 3 problems 1 Sheets on details to assembly of any two topics from Module 2 1 Sheets on details to assembly of any two topics from Module 3 1 Sheet on assembly to details of any unit topics from Module 4 1 Sheets on details to assembly of any two topics from Module 5 1 Sheet detail- assembly of Module 6 with fits and tolerances

B. Practicals in CAD

Preparation of 2-D drawings for machine components (bolts, nuts, flange coupling, connecting rod, ) - 3-D modeling - solid, surface, wireframe using standard CAD packages , creation of 2-D drawings from 3-D models using CAD packages, different views, sections, isometric view and dimensioning them - Parametric modeling, creating standard machine parts, connecting rod, flange coupling, bearings. Minimum Two Print out of problems solved in the practical class to be attached in the Term work ( module 2 to 6 ) The distribution of marks for term work shall be as follows:

• Journal containing of drawing sheets ………….. (20) Marks.

• Test (at least one): ……………………………… (20) Marks.

• Attendance (practical & theory): ………………. (10) Marks. TOTAL: ……………………………………………. (50) Marks.

Reference Books:

i. Machine Drawing By N. D. Bhatt. ii. A text book of Machine Drawing By Lakshminarayan & M. L. Mathur. (Jain brother,Delhi). iii. Machine Drawing By Kamat & Rao. iv. Machine Drawing By M. B. Shah. v. A Text book of Machine drawing By R. B. Gupta (Satya Prakasham Tech publication ) vi. Machine drawing By K.I.Narayana, P. Kannaiah, K. Venkata Reddy. vii. Machine drawing with AutoCAD—Gautam Pohit and Gautam Ghosh (Pearson Education) viii. Machine drawing By Ajeet Singh (Tata McGraw Hill)

CLASS: SE (Mechanical / Automobile) Semester-III

SUBJECT: APPLIED MATHEMATICS III


Lecture 4

Practical --

Tutorial 1

Hours Marks


Practical -- --


Term Work -- 25

TOTAL 125


Module 01

1. Complex Variables 1.1 Functions of Complex variable 1.2 Continuity (only statement) and derivability 1.3 Analytic Function. Necessary conditions for the function to be analytic (statement of sufficient condition) 1.4 Cauchy Riemann equations in polar coordinates 1.5 Harmonic function and orthogonal trajectories 1.6 Milne-Thomson method to find analytic Function f(z)=u+iv for given u, v, u+v, u-v

08

Module 02

2. Mapping 2.1 Conformal mapping 2.2 Standard transformations and Bilinear transformation 2.3 Fixed points and cross ratio

03

Module 03

3. Complex Integration 3.1 Regions and Paths in the Z-plane 3.2 Line integral of a function of complex variable 3.3 Cauchy’s integral theorem 3.4 Cauchy’s integral formula and deduction (without proof) 3.5 Taylor’s and Laurent’s development (without proof) 3.6 Singularities, poles, residue at isolated singularity and its evaluation 3.7 Residue Theorem

11

Module 04

4. Laplace’s Transforms 4.1 Function of bounded variation (statement only) 4.2 Laplace’s transforms of 1, t

n, e

at, sin(at), cos (at), sinh (at), cosh (at)

4.3 Linearity property, expressions (without proof) for L[eat f (t)], L[f (at)],

L[tn f (t)], L[f (t)/t],

( )

∫t

duufL0

, ( )

tf

dt

dL

n

n

4.4 Periodic functions, Heaviside unit step function, Dirac- delta Function and their Laplace transforms (statement only)

07

Module 05

5. Inverse Laplace Transforms 5.1 Linearity property evaluation of inverse Laplace Transforms using theorems and by partial fraction method 5.2 Convolution Theorem (without proof) and Heaviside development

5.3 Application to solve initial and boundary valve problems involving

07

ordinary differential equations with one dependent variable.

Module 06

6. Matrices 6.1 Types of Matrices. 6.2 Adjoint of a matrix, Inverse of a matrix, Orthogonal and Unitary matrices. 6.3 Elementary transformations, rank of a matrix. 6.4 Reduction to a normal form. 6.5 System of homogeneous and non homogeneous equations, their consistency and solution. 6.6 Brief revision of vectors over real field , Inner product, Norm, Linear dependence and independence, Orthogonality of matrix 6.7 Characteristic polynomial, values and vectors of square matrix 6.8 Characteristic polynomial, Cayley Hamilton Theorem (without proof) Functions of square matrix.

12

Theory Examination:

1. Question paper will comprise of total seven question, each of 20 Marks 2. Question one will be compulsory and based on maximum part of syllabus. 3. Remaining questions will be mixed in nature (for example supposed Q.2 has part (a) from module

3 then part (b) will be from any module other than module 3) 4. Only five question need to be solved.

In question paper weightage of each module will be proportional to number of respective lecture hours as mentioned in the syllabus. Term Work:

The distribution of marks for term work shall be as follows:

• Tutorial work (One assignment on each module containing 05 problems): 10 Marks.

• Test (at least one): ………………………………… 10 Marks.

• Attendance (Tutorial & theory): …………………… 05 Marks. TOTAL: ……………………………………………… 25 Marks.

References:

1) Matrices : Vasistha 2) A Text Book of Applied Mathematics : P. N. & J. N. Wartikar 3) Higher Engineering Mathematics : B. S. Grewal 4) Advance Engineering Mathematics : E. Kreyszig 5) Complex variables : R. V. Churchil 6) Laplace Tranforms : Schaum series

Detailed Syllabus Lectures/Week

1. Communication in a business organization: Internal and external communication, Types of meetings, strategies for conducting successful business meetings, documentation (notice, agenda, minutes, resolution) of meetings. Introduction to modern communication techniques. (e-mail, internet, video-conferencing, etc.) Legal and ethical issues in communication (Intellectual property rights: patents, TRIPS, Geographical indications).

06

2

Advanced technical writing: Report writing: Definition and importance of reports, qualities of reports, language and style in reports, types of reports, formats (letter, memo, project-repots). Methods of compiling data for preparing report. A computer-aided presentation of a technical project report based on survey-based or reference based topic. The topics are to be assigned to a group of 8-10 students. The written report should not exceed 20 printed pages. Technical paper-writing, Writing business proposals.

08

3

Interpersonal skills: Introduction to emotional intelligence, motivation, Negotiation and conflict resolution, Assertiveness, team-building, decision-making, time-management, persuasion

04

4

Presentation skills: Elements of an effective presentation, Structure of a presentation, Presentation tools, Audience analysis, Language: Articulation, Good pronunciation, Voice quality, Modulation, Accent and Intonation.

04

University of Mumbai (Revised-2007)

CLASS: S.E (MECHANICAL Engineering) Semester - III

SUBJECT: Presentation and Communication Techniques

Periods per week (each of 60 min.)

Lecture 2

Practical 2

Tutorial -

Hours Marks

Evaluation System

Theory Examination -- --

Practical examination -- --

Oral Examination -- -- Term Work -- 50

Total 50

5

Career skills: Preparing resumes and cover letters. Types of Resumes, Interview techniques: Preparing for job interviews, facing an interview, verbal and non-verbal communication during interviews, observation sessions and role-play techniques to be used to demonstrate interview strategies (mock interviews).

04

6

Group discussion: group discussions as part of selection process. Structure of a group discussion, Dynamics of group behavior, techniques for effective participation, Team work and use of body language.

04

Term work: Part-I (25 Marks): Assignments; 2 assignments on communication topics 3 assignments on report-writing 3 assignments on interpersonal skills 2 assignments on career skills At least one class test (written) Distribution of term work marks will be as follows: Assignments : 10 marks Written test : 10 marks Attendance (Theory and Practical) : 05 marks Term work: Part-II (25 Marks): Presentation; Distribution of term work marks will be as follows: Project report presentation : 15 marks Group discussion : 10 marks The final certification and acceptance of term-work ensures the satisfactory performance of laboratory work and minimum passing in the term-work. Books recommended:

1. Fred Luthans: Organizational behavior, McGraw Hill 2. Lesikar and Petit, Report writing for business, Tata McGraw Hill 3. Huckin & Olsen, Technical writing and professional communcation, McGraw Hill 4. Wallace & Masters, Personal development for Life & work, Thomson Lerning. 5. Heta Murphy, Effective Business Communication, McGraw Hill 6. Raman and Sharma, Report writing.

CLASS: SE (Mechanical / Automobile) Semester-III

SUBJECT: PRODUCTION PROCESS - I


Lecture 4

Practical --

Tutorial --

Hours Marks


Practical -- --


Term Work -- 25

TOTAL 125


Module 01

Classification of Manufacturing Process, Ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their alloys used in engineering, their properties and uses. Manufacturing of pig iron, cast iron , wrought iron and steels. Remelting furnaces: such as Cupola, pit-furnace oil fired, gas and electric furnaces, their size, capacity, suitability, construction and working. Pattern making and Foundry: Materials used for pattern making, Types of pattern, Pattern allowances, core box, core prints and cores. Moulding Methods: Hand and Machine moulding techniques Principle of gating, principle of risering, solidification of casting, Defects of casting and inspection of casting. Elementary treatment of wire drawing, metal- spinning, Power spinning, Smithy and forging metal extrusion and rotary swaging. Metal surface treatment: Electroplating, galvanizing, anodizing, metal spraying.

12

Module 02

Lathes: type of lathes, their construction and working, operation of lathes, screw cutting on C lathe, attachments and accessories used on lathe, type of tools, cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and machining time. Capstan and turret lathes, tooling for simple jobs. Elementary treatment of modern lathe such as single spindle and multi-spindle Automats. NC and CNC machines, machining centers.

06

Module 03

Milling Machines: types of machines, horizontal, universal, vertical, Cutters and their applications, Operation on milling machines, Use of dividing head and circular table. Direct, simple, compound, differential and angular indexing and helical milling operation. Table feed in milling. Work holding devices.

06

Module 04

Drilling Machines: Types of machines, Types of drillings, operations such as drilling, boring, reaming, spot facing, counter boring, counter sinking and tapping. Drill speeds and feeds. Plaining machines, shaping machines and slotting machine: Various types, construction and working, operations and tools, field of application, quick return mechanism and feed mechanisms of these machines. Grinding: Grinding machines such as pedestal, cylindrical surface, centre less and tool and cutter grinder. Operations on the above mentioned machines. Grinding wheel, selection and specifications. Dressing and truing of grinding wheels. Finishing operations such as lapping and honing.

10

Module 05

Welding And Joining Processes: Riveting, soldering and brazing. Fusion welding, gas and arc welding, sub merged arc welding – insert gas welding – Electric slag welding – CO2 welding – thermit welding. Welding Equipments. Pressure welding – solid phase welding – resistance welding, friction welding.

08

Process capability and applications. Weld joints- types edge preparations – welding fixtures. Weldability – designs, process and metallurgical considerations – testing and improvement of weldability – microstructure of weld – welding defects.

Module 06

Powder Metallurgy Principle, process, applications, advantages and disadvantages of powder metallurgy, Processes of powder making and mechanisms of sintering. Non-Destructive Techniques Dye Penetrant, Magnetic, Electrical, Ultrasonic and Radiographic non-destructive testing methods. Non conventional machining processes: (Only basic principles, machines and application). Electrical discharge machining (EDM). Electrochemical machining (ECM) Ultrasonic machining (USM) Laser beam machining (LBM) Electron beam machining (EBM) Plasma arc machining (PAM)

06

Theory Examination:

1. Question paper will comprise of total seven question, each of 20 Marks 2. Only five question need to be solved. 3. Question one will be compulsory and based on maximum part of syllabus. 4. Remaining questions will be mixed in nature (for example supposed Q.2 has part (a) from

module 3 then part (b) will be from any module other than module 3) 5. In question paper weightage of each module will be proportional to number of respective lecture

hours as mentioned in the syllabus. Term Work:

Term work shall consist of minimum 06 assignments covering all the topics and a class test. The distribution of marks for term work shall be as follows:

• Assignments: ………………….… (10) Marks.

• Test (at least one): ………………………………… (10) Marks.

• Attendance (Theory): …………………… (05) Marks. TOTAL: ……………………………………………… (25) Marks.

Text Books: Workshop Technology By W. A. J. Chapman part I, II & III A Textbook of Foundry Technology by M. Lal Production Technology by R. C. Patel and C. G. Gupta Vol I, II. Manufacturing Processes & materials for Engineers by Doyle. Production Technology by HMT Production Technology by Raghuvanshi Production technology by Jain & Gupta. Elements of workshop Technology Hazra Chaudhary Vol I, II. Manufacturing Process by Roy A. LINDBERG.

CLASS: SE (Mechanical / Automobile) Semester- III

SUBJECT: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS


Lecture 4

Practical 2

Tutorial --

Hours Marks


Practical 2 25

Oral Examination -- 25

Term Work -- 25

TOTAL 175


Module 01

STRESS AND STRAIN :- Definition, Stress strain, tensile and compressive stresses, shear stress-Elastic limit, Hooke’s law, Poisson’s ratio,modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, bulk modulus, yield stress, ultimate stress, factor of safety, state of simple shear, relation between elastic constants, volumetric strain, volumetric strain for tri-axial loading, deformation of tapering members, deformation due to self weight, bars of varying sections, composite sections, Temperature stresses, strain energy ,Resilience, proof Resilience, Strain energy stored in the member due to gradually applied load, suddenly applied load, impact load, strain energy stored due to shear.

08

Module 02

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT IN BEAMS: Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams for statically determinate beams including beams with internal fringes for different types of loading, relationship between rate of loading, shear force and bending moment.

08

Module 03

STREESES IN BEAMS:- Theory of pure bending, Assumptions, Flexural formula for straight beams, moment of resistance, bending stress distribution , Section moduli for different sections, beams of uniform strength , Flitched beams, Principle axes, Principle moment of inertia, Unsymmetrical bending, Bending of curved bars, flexural stresses in beam with initial curvature. Application to crane hooks, chain links and rings, strain energy due to bending. Direct and bending stresses, Core of section, Chimneys subjected to wind pressure. SHEAR STRESSES IN BEAMS : Distribution of shear stress across plane sections used commonly for structural purposes, shear connectors, shear stresses and flow in beams of thin walled open cross, shear center of thin walled sections such as angle, tee channel and I-section.

10

Module 04

TORSION: Torsion of circular shafts – solid and hollow, stresses in shaft when transmitting power, Shafts in series and parallel. Strain energy due to Torsion. PRINCIPLE STRESSES: General equations for transformation of stress, principal planes and principal stresses, maximum shear stress, determination using Mohr’s circle, maximum principal & max. shear stress theory of failure, Combined Bending and Torsion, Equivalent Bending moment and equivalent torque.

08

Module 05

DEFLECTION OF BEAMS: Deflection of cantilevers, simply supported and over hanging beams using double integration and Macaulay’s methods for different types of loadings., Deflection by Energy method, Castigliano theorem and Virtual work method, Maxwel’s Reciprocal theorem.

06

Module 06

THIN CYLINDRICAL AND SPHERICAL SHELLS: Stress and strain in thin Cylinders and spheres due to internal pressure, Cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends. THICK SHELLS: Introduction, Lame’s theory, Lame’s equation, Longitudinal stress, maximum shear stress, Volumetric strain. COLUMNS AND STRUTS: Buckling load, Types of end conditions for column, Euler’s column theory and its Limitations , Ranakine Gordon Formula.

08

List of Experiments:

1. Tension test on mild steel bar (stress- strain behavior, modulus determination) 2. Test on tor-steel 3. Test on cast iron (transverse, tension) 4. Shear test on mild steel, cast iron, brass 5. Torsion test on mild steel bar/cast iron bar 6. Brinell hardness test 7. Rockwell hardness test 8. Izod impact test/Charpy test 9. Flexural test on beam (central point load) 10. Flexural test on beam (two point load) (Plotting of load deflection curve & finding value of E for

experiment no. 9&10) Theory Examination:

1. Question paper will comprise of total seven question, each of 20 Marks 2. Only five question need to be solved. 3. Question one will be compulsory and based on maximum part of syllabus. 4. Remaining questions will be mixed in nature (for example supposed Q.2 has part (a) from

module 3 then part (b) will be from any module other than module 3) 5. In question paper weightage of each module will be proportional to number of respective lecture

hours as mentioned in the syllabus. Practical and Oral Examination: Practical and oral examination will be based on one experiment performed from the list of experiment given in the syllabus and the oral will based on the same experiment. Term Work: Term work shall consist of minimum 07 experiments, assignments and written test. The distribution of marks for term work shall be as follows:

• Laboratory work (experiments/assignments): ………….. (10) Marks.

• Test (at least one): ……………………………………… (10) Marks.

• Attendance (practical & theory): ……………………….. (05) Marks. TOTAL: ……………………………………………………. (25) Marks.

Text Books: 1. Mechanics of Materials EP Popov, Prentice Hall of India 2. Theory of Elastic Stability Timoshenko & Gere, Tata Mcgraw Hill 3. Engineering Mechanics Timoshenko & Young, Tata McGraw Hill 4. Mechanics of Structures SB Junnakar, Charotar Publishers 5. Strength of Materials W.A. Nash Schaum’s outline series, Tata McGraw Hill References: 1. Mechanics of Materials James Gere-Thompson Learning 2. Mechanics of Materials Ferdinand P Beer, E Russell Johnson, Jr.John T Dewolf McGraw Hill International 3. Strength of Materials S. Ramamarutham

4. Strength of Materials G.H. Ryder MACMILLAN 5. Strength of Materials R. Subramaniam OXFORD 6. Strength of Materials A Practical Approach (Volume-I) D. S. Prakash Rao Univrsity Press 7. Mechanics of Materials Riley Wiley India

S.E. Sem. III [MECH] Thermodynamics

SYLLABUS

Time : 3 Hrs. Theory : 100 Marks Oral : 25 Marks Term Work : 25 Marks 1. Thermodynamic concepts : System, surrounding, state, path, property, Reversible and

irreversible process, thermodynamic work, heat, temperature, thermal equilibrium. Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

First of Thermodynamics : Statement, First law applied to non-cyclic process, Internal energy, Application non-flow processes viz. Constant volume, constant pressure and constant temperature, adiabatic and polytrophic processes. Heat and work calculation. Application of First law to open systems, flow work, Steady flow energy equation, Work done in steady flow processes in terms of pressure and volume. Throttling process, Joule's porous plug experiment. Joule-Thompson coefficient, SFEE applied to boiler, nozzle, condenser, etc.

2. Second law of thermodynamics : Limitations of first law of Thermodynamics. Heat engine,

thermal efficiency, reversed heat engine, coefficient of performance, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence Carnot cycle, Carnot's theorem, Thermodynamic temperature scale.

3. Entropy-Clausius inequality, Entropy changes for an ideal gas during reversible process,

Entropy of isolated system in real processes. Principle of increase of entropy.

Introduction to Availability : Available and unavailable energy. AE when heat is withdrawn from a finite reservoir and when heat is withdrawn form an infinite reservoir. Irreversibility.

4. Properties of steam : Dryness fraction, enthalpy, internal energy and entropy. Steam table

and Mollier chart, First law applied to steam processes. 5. Power Cycles : Vapour power-Rankine cycle Modified Rankine cycle for improved

performance (Reheat, regenerative)

Gas power Thermodynamics of Otto, Diesel, semi-Diesel and Brayton cycle. Comparison and representation on P-V, T-S diagram.

6. Thermodynamics of Fluid flow (one dimensional) : Propagation of sound waves through

compressible fluids. Sonic velocity and Mach number. Application of continuity, momentum and energy equations for steady state conditions. Steady flow energy equation applied to nozzle. Isentropic flow through ducts of varying cross-sectional area. Effect of varying backpressure on nozzle performance. Area ratio, Critical pressure ratio, Normal shock, basic equations of normal shock, change of properties across normal shocks. Rayleigh and Fanno lines. Adiabatic flow through constant area duct with friction.

K.G.C.E. KARJAT

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Sern"' \ 'I rnech !f2-1roS--\ '/~t... .Karu-upq kl-II 84..J1- ~ I,' e.() ~

Con. 3404-11.

(3 Hours)

RK-2034[Total Marks : 100

N.B.: (1) Question No.1 is compulsory.(2) Attempt any four out of remaining six questions.(3) Assume any suitable data wherever requIred.

1. Answer any four with neat sketches if any-(a) Classification of clutches(b) Froude hydraulic dynamometer(c) Wilson Hartnell Governor(d) Ship Stabilization with gyroscopic effect(e) Rigid link Mechanism Vs Flexural Mechanism(f) Pressure angle in cams.

20

r .2. (a) Derive an expression for ratio of tension on the tight side to that of slack 10

side for a band and block brake.(b) The wheel base of a car is 'b' m and the centre of mass is 'x' rn in front of- 10

rear axle and 'h' m above the ground. Acceleration due to gravity is'g' rn/sec-. Find the maximum decleration that can be given to car movingup the inclined plane at an angle 'a' to the horizontal. The coefficient of frictionis 'u' and the brakes are applied only to front wheels.

3. (a) The arms of a porter governor are 32 cm long and are pivoted on the axis 10of rotation. Mass of each flyball is 8 kg and the mass of sleeve is 50 kg.Determine: (i) the equilibriumspeed corrosponding to a radius of 20 cm.

(ii) If the friction at the sleeve is 30 N, find the coefficient ofinsensitiveness at this radius of 20 cm.

(b) Derive an expression for the torque transmitted by a singie plate clutch 10·assuming: (i) uniform pressure (ii) uniform wear.

4. (a) The following data relates to a follower which moves with SHM during ascent 16and lowers with UAUR motion in following sequence:-

Angle of ascent = 48°Dwell = 42°Angle of decent = 60°Dwell = Rest of cam rotation.

- If the cam rotates as a uniform speed of 360 rpm.(i) Find maximum velocity and acceleration of follower during ascent and

descent.(ii) Draw s-t, v-t and a-t curves.

(b) Explain Inertia Governor? 4

[TURN OVER

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Karu-upq u-u 85

Con. 3404-RK-2034-11. 25. (a). A bicycle and rider of mass 120 kg are travelling at a speed of 15 km/hr on 10

a level road. The rider applies brake to the rear wheel which is 0·9 m in diameter ..How for the bicycle will travel before it comes to rest? The pressure appliedon the brake is 100 Nand J.l. = 0·05. Assume that no other resistance is actingon bicycle.

(b) A conical friction clutch is used to transmit 90 kW power at 1800 RPM. The 10semi cone angle is 20° and J.l. = 0·2. If the mean diameter of bearing surfaceis 375 mm and intensity of normal pressure is not to exceed 0·25 N/mm2,find the dimensions of conical bearing surface and axial load required.

6. (a) Explain with neat sketches :- 10(i) Reversed gear train

. (ii) Compound gear train.(b) Derive an expression for gyroscopic couple and gyroscopic acceleration. 10

7. (a) An internal wheel, 'S' with 80 teeth is keyed to shaft 'F'. Another fixed internal 14wheel'G' with'82 teeth is concentric with wheel'S'. A compound wheel 'DE'gear with the two internal wheels. Wheel 'D' has 28 teeth and gears with'C' while 'E' gears with'S'. The compound wheel revolves freely on a pinwhich projects from a disc keyed to shaft. 'A' co-axial with shaft 'F'. If thewheels all have the same pitch and shaft A makes 800 rpm, what is speedof shaft 'F' ?

If the input torque to shaft 'A' is 60 N-m, what is totalload torque on shaft'F' and holding torque on wheel C ?

(b) Explain how a governor differs from a flywheel? 3(c) Explain how cams are classified? 3

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2nd Half·12 mina·(b)·73

Con. 7584-12. KR-4931

(3 Hours) [Total Marks: 100

N. B.: (1) Question No.1 is compulsory.(2) Attempt any four questions out of the remaining six questions.(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.(4) Assume suitable data wherever required but justify the same.(5) Answer to the questions should be grouped and written together.

1. Solve any four :- 20(a) Which of the two assumptions, uniform intensity of pressure or uniform rate

of wear would you make use of in designing friction clutch and why?(b) Explain the application of gyroscopic principles to aircrafts .(c) Why a roller follower is preferred to that of a knife edged follower?(d) Ditterentiate between Plate clutch and Cone clutch.(e) The length of the upper arm of a watt governor is 400 mm and its inclination

to the vertical is 30°. Find the percentage increase in speed, if the ball risesby 20 rnrn.

2. (a) The mass of each ballot-a Hartnell governor is 1·4 kg. The length of ball arm 10of the bell crank lever is 100 mm whereas the length of the arm towards sleeveis 50 mm. The distance of the fulcrum of bell crank lever from the axis of rotationis 80 mm. The extreme radii of rotation of the balls are 75 mm and 112·5 mm.The maximum equilibrium speed is 6% greater than the minimum equilibriumspeed which is 300 rpm.Determine: -

(i) Stiffness of the spring(ii) Equilibrium speed when radius of rotation of the ball is gO mm. Neglect

the obliquity of the arms.

(b) A 4-wheel trolley of mass 2500 kg. runs on rails, which are 1·5 m apart and travels 10around a curve of 30 m radius at 24 km/h. The rails are at the same level. Eachwheel of the trolley is 0·75 m in diameter and each of the two axles is driven bya motor running in a direction opposite to that of the wheels at a speed of fivetimes the speed of rotation of the wheels. The M. I. of each axle with gear andwheels is 18 kg - m2. Each motor with the shaft and the gear pinion has M. I. of12 kg - m2. The C. G. of the car is o·g m above the rail level. Determine theVertical Forces exerted by each wheel on the rails taking into consideration thecentrifugal and gyroscopic effects.

3. (a) In a band and block brake, the band is lined with 14 blocks, each of which subtends 8an angle of 20° at the drum centre. One end of the band is attached to the fulcrumof the brake lever and the other to a pin 150 mm from the fulcrum. Find the forcerequired at the end of the lever 1 metre long from the fulcrum to give a torque of4 kN - rn, for both clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of the drum. The diameterof the brake drum is 1 metre and coefficient of friction between the blocks andthe drum is 0·25.

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2nd Half-12 mina-(b)-74

Con. 7584·KR·4931·12. 2

(b) Explain watt governor with its limitation. What are the effects of friction and of 6adding a central weight to the sleeve of a watt governor?

(c) Show that in a Porter governor, 6

coefficient of insensitiveness = F, (m+M)g

Where, F is the frictional froce at the sleeve,m is the mass of each ball,M is the mass on the sleeve.

Assume q = 1.

4. (a) Explain the terms self-energizing and self-locking with respect to differential band 10brake. Also discuss about the direction of the force applied at the end of thelever and the tensions in the band when the drum rotates in the clockwise andanticlockwise direction.

(b) A car moving on a rough inclined plane is having the following data :- 10angle of inclination of the plane = 15°.wheel base of the car = 2 m.height of C. G. of the car above the inclined plane = 1 mperpendicular distance of C. G. from rear axle = 0-9 mspeed of car = 54 km/h.coefficient of friction between tyres and roads = 0·6brakes are applied to all the four wheels.

Determine :-(i) distance travelled by the car before coming to rest(ii) time take in doing so if,

(1) the car is moving up the plane and(2) the car is moving down the plane. (

5. (a) Following data relate to a Cone clutch: 10maximum and minimum contact surface radius = 150mm and 125 mm respectively;semi cone angle 20° ;coefficient of friction = 0·25 ;allowable normal pressure = 140 kN/m2.

For uniform intensity of pressure determine,(i) the axial load and(ii) power transmitted at 1000 rpm.

2nd Half-12 rnina-(b)-75

Con. 7584-KR-4931-12. 3

(b) In an epicyclic gear of the sun and planet type as shown in figure, the PCD of 10the internally toothed ring is to be 224 mm and the module 4 rnrn. When thering D is stationery, the spider A, which carries three planet wheels C of equalsize, is to make one revolution in the same sense as the sun wheel B for everyfive revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the sun wheel B. Determine suitablenumbers of teeth for all the wheels.

6_ (a) Two parallel shafts are to be connected by spur gearing. The approximate distance 8between the shafts is 600 mm. If one shaft runs at 120 rpm and the other at 360rpm, find the number of teeth on each wheel if the module is 8 mrn. Also determinethe exact distance apart of shafts.

(b) A cam rotating clockwise at a uniform speed of 1200 rpm has the following data 12for the follower motion with UARM -

(i) Follower to complete outward stroke of 25 mm during 1200 of cam rotation(ii) dwell for 60°(iii) return to its initial position during 90° of cam rotation(iv) dwell for the rest of the period. Taking a suitable scale draw the

displacement, velocity and acceleration curves with respect to time.

7. Write short notes on (any four) :-(a) Internal expanding brake(b) Classification of cams(c) Reverted gear train(d) Centrifugal clutch(e) Prony brake dynamometer.

20

University Of Mumbai 11_AUTO_V_V S_REV LIBRARY of RAJENDRA MANE COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECH., AMBAV (DEVRUKH) 415 804

T.E .AUTO SemV (REV) Summer2011 Vehicle System

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· pdf filebend is 294.3 kpa and friction losses are ten percent of the velocity head ......

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