is 302 information systems for business overview of the course 1.is: the big picture 2.how is can be...

IS 302Information Systemsfor Business

OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE

1. IS: The Big Picture

2. How IS Can Be Used to Gain Competitive Advantage

3. Database Management– How to Design and Create Databases

4. Telecommunications and the Internet– How to Design and Create Webpages

5. E-Commerce, Intranets, and Extranets

6. Organizational Information Systems– How to Design and Spreadsheet Models

7. Enterprise-Wide IS

8. IS Development and Acquisition

9. IS Ethics, Crime, and Security

INFORMATIONSYSTEMS

The Big Picture

a. Understand the term “information systems”

b. Understand IS components

c. Understand IS career opportunities

d. Understand types of information systems

e. Understand IS and organizational success or failure

f. Understand the future of IS management

“The Big Picture” Learning Goals

“IS”

ES FAIS CollabTPS MIS EIS DSS ECS ERPOAS CRM

1a. Understand the term “information systems”

Information systems are combinations of

hardware, software, and telecommunication networks

which

people build and use

to

collect, create, and distribute useful data

typically in

organizational settings

1b. Understand IS components

Data People

InformationSystems

Hardware Telecomm

Software

Recorded, unformatted information,

such as words and numbers, that often has no meaning

in and of itself.

Builders and users of an information system.

Physical Computer Equipment

A program or set of programs that tell the computer

to perform certain processing functions.

The transmission of all forms of data

from one location to another over some type of network

InputDevice

OutputDevice

Processing Device / System Unit

Hardware that

is used to enter

information into a

computer.

Hardware that

delivers information in a usable format.

Hardware that transforms

inputs into outputs.


Hardware (1 of 3) Overview

System UnitMotherboard

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CD-ROM Drive

Hard Drive Random Access Memory (RAM)

Hardware (2 of 3) System Unit Components


Hardware (3 of 3) System Unit - Assembled


• Booting

• Reading programs into memory and managing memory allocation

• Managing where programs and files are located in secondary storage

• Maintaining the structure of directories and subdirectories

• Formatting disks

• Controlling the computer monitor

• Sending documents to the printer

Definition

Software that coordinates the interaction between hardware devices, peripherals, applications software, and users.

Responsibilities of Operating Systems

Examples of Operating Systems

• Windows

• Unix

• Linux

Software (1 of 7) OperatingSystems


• Customized or proprietary: Developed specifically by or for a particular organization.

• Commercial: Purchased off-the-shelf and used by a variety of people and/or organizations to meet their specific needs.

Definition

Software used to perform a specific task that the user needs to accomplish.

Types of Applications Software

Examples of Applications Software

• Business Information Systems:

Applications developed to perform organization-wide operations.

– Payroll

– Inventory Management

– Order Processing

– Billing

– Shipping

• Office Automation / Personal Productivity:

Applications used by individuals / groups within the organization to make them more efficient / effective.

– Word processors

– Spreadsheets

– Database Management Systems

– Presentation software

– Email Clients

– Web Browsers

Software (2 of 7) ApplicationsSoftware


Definition

Computer language used by the software vendor to write application programs.

Generations of Programming Languages

1st Machine Binary code that instructs the computer which circuits to turn on and which to turn off

101110101001100011002202020202

Gen Name Description Example

Software (3 of 7) Programming Languages


2nd Symbolic Replaced binary codes with symbols Assembly

Gen Name Description Examples

3rd Procedural Uses English-like words to instruct the computer

COBOL

C++



Gen Name Description Example

4th Outcome-Oriented

Focus on desired output instead of the procedures required to get that output

SQL



5th Natural Allow the used to communicate with the computer using true English sentences

• Objected Oriented Languages – Allows programmers to group data and program instructions together into modules or objects that can more easily be maintained by the programmer.

• Visual Programming Languages – Allows programmers to do their programming using a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

• Web Development Languages

– HTML: Text-based file format that uses a series of codes, or tags, to set up a a web page document.

– Java: A compiled, object-oriented language used in developing applications, primarily for the Web.

– Scripting Languages:

• Client Side:

– Javascript: Allows users to add dynamic content to Web pages.

• Server Side:

– ASP: Microsoft’s Server-Side Scripting Language

– PHP: Open-Source Community Scripting Language

Current Language Types



• Diagramming Tools: Enable system process, data, and control structures to be represented graphically.

• Screen & Report Generators: Help model how systems look and feel to users. Also make it easier for the systems analyst to identify data requirements and relationships.

• Analysis Tools: Automatically check for incomplete, inconsistent, or incorrect specification in diagrams, screens, and reports.

• Repository: Enables the integrated storage of specifications, diagrams, reports, and project management information.

• Documentation Generators: Help produce both technical and user documentation in standard formats.

• Code Generators: Enable the automatic generation of program and database definitions directly from the design documents, diagrams, screens, and reports.

DefinitionAutomated software tools used by systems developers to design and implement information systems.

Types of CASE Tools

Software ( 7 of 7 ) Computer-Aided Software Engineering

(CASE) Tools


• Network: Consists of servers, clients, and peers

• Server: Any computer that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of a network.

• Client: Any computer or software application that used the services provided by the server.

• Peer: Any computer that may both request and provide services.

Telecomm (1 of 6) Servers, Clients,and Peers


• Definition– Capabilities that networked computers share through the

multiple combinations of hardware and software.

• Types– File Services: Used to store, retrieve, and move data files in an

efficient manner.

– Print Services: Used to control and manage users’ access to network printers and fax equipment.

– Message Services: Include the storing, accessing, and delivering of text, graphic, audio, and video data.

– Application Services: Run software for network clients and enable computers to share processing power; processing is distributed between the client and server.

Telecomm (2 of 6) NetworkServices


• Definition– The physical pathway to send data and information

between two or more entities on a network.

• Important Characteristics– Bandwidth: Transmission capacity of a computer or

communications channel, measured in megabits per second.

– Attenuation: Results when the power of an electric signal weakens as it is sent over increasing distance.

Telecomm (3 of 6) TransmissionMedia


• Types– Cable Media: Physically link computers and other devices in a network.

• Twisted Pair Cable: Made of two or more pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together.

• Coaxial Cable: Contains a solid inner copper conductor, surrounded by plastic insulation and an outer braided copper or foil shield

• Fiber-Optic Cable: Made of a light-conducting glass or plastic core, surrounded by more glass, called cladding, and a tough outer sheath.

– Wireless Media: Transmit and receive electromagnetic signals.

• Infrared Line of Sight: Uses high=frequency light waves to transmit data on an unobstructed path between nodes on a network.

• High-Frequency Radio: Radio waves that can be transmitted at rates of up to 11 Mbps to network nodes from 12.2 to 40 kilometers apart.

• Microwave: High-frequency radio signal that is sent through the air using either terrestrial or satellite systems.

– Terrestrial Microwave: Uses antennas that require an unobstructed path or line-of-sight between nodes.

– Satellite Microwave: Uses a relay station that transfers signal between antennas located on earth and satellites orbiting the earth.

Telecomm (4 of 6) Transmission Media


• Media Access Control: Rules that govern how a given node or workstation gains access to the network to send or receive information.

– Distributed: Only a single workstation at a time has authorization to transmit its data

– Random: Any workstation can transmit its data by checking whether the medium is available.

• Network Topologies: Refers to the shape of a network.

– Star: All nodes are connected to a central hub through which all messages pass.

– Ring: Each node is connected the next node.

– Bus: Nodes are connected in an open-ended line.

Telecomm (5 of 6) NetworkStandards


• Protocols: Agreed-upon formats for transmitting data between connected computers.

– The OSI Model: Divides computer-to-computer communications into seven connected layers that represent a group of specific tasks.

– Ethernet: A local area network protocol developed by Xerox in 1976. Requires installation of an Ethernet card.

– TCP/IP: The protocol of the Internet; it allows different interconnected networks to communicate using the same language.

• Connectivity Hardware: Connectors, network interface cards, modems, repeaters, hubs, bridges, multiplexers, routers, brouters, and gateways.

Telecomm (6 of 6) NetworkStandards


People (1 of 1) Builders& Users


Data (1 of 4) Text


Bill Gates and Henry Ford Debate the Modern Technology!

• For no reason whatsoever, your car would crash twice a day.

• Every time they repainted the lines in the road, you would have to buy a new car.

• Occasionally your car would die on the freeway for no reason. You would have to pull over to the side of the road, close all of the windows, shut off the car, restart it, and reopen the windows before you could continue. For some reason you would simply accept this.

• Occasionally, executing a maneuver such as a left turn would cause your car to shut down and refuse to restart, in which case you would have to reinstall the engine.

• Macintosh would make a car that was powered by the sun, was reliable, five times as fast, and twice as easy to drive - but would run on only five percent of the roads.

• The oil, water temperature, and alternator warning lights would all be replaced by a single "This Car Has Performed An Illegal Operation" warning light.

• The airbag system would ask "Are you sure?" before deploying.

• Occasionally your car would lock you out and refuse to let you in until you simultaneously lifted the door handle, turned the key, and grabbed hold of the radio antenna.

• Every time a new car was introduced, car buyers would have to learn how to drive all over again because none of the controls would operate in the same manner as the old car.

• You'd have to press the "Start" button to turn the engine off. “

The story goes that Bill Gates reportedly compared the computer industry with the auto industry and stated, "If the auto industry had kept up with technology like the computer industry has, we would all be driving $25.00 cars that got 1,000 miles to the gallon". In response to Bill's comments, Henry Ford replied “If Ford had developed technology like Microsoft, we would all be driving cars with the following characteristics:

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Data (2 of 4) Graphics


Data (3 of 4) Audio


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is 302 information systems for business overview of the course 1.is: the big picture 2.how is can be...

Documents

types of information

term information systems

unformatted information

business slide

overview slide

security slide

big picture slide

system unit components