is 3217 2008
TRANSCRIPT
Irish Standard
I.S. 3217:2008
Emergency Lighting
© NSAI 2008 No copying without NSAI permission except as permitted by copyright law.
I.S. 3217:2008
Incorporating amendments/corrigenda issued since publication:
This document is based on. - Published.-
This document replaces.- I.S. 3217:2008
I.S. 3217:1989 I.S. 3217:1989 23 June, 1989
This document was published
under the authority of the NSAI
and comes into effect on:
ICS number:
91.160.10
13.320
7 November, 2008
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Údarás um Chaighdeáin Náisiúnta na hEireann
I.S. 3217:2008
DECLARATION
OF
SPECIFICATION
ENTITLED
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
AS
THE IRISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
NSAI in exercise of the power conferred by section 16 (5) of the National Standards Authority of Ireland Act, 1996 (No. 28 of 1996) and with the consent of the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, hereby declare as follows:
1. This instrument may be cited as the Standard Specification (Emergency lighting) Declaration, 2008.
2. (1) The Specification set forth in the Schedule to this declaration is hereby declared to be the standard specification for
Emergency lighting.
(2) The said standard specification may be cited as Irish Standard 3217:2008 or as I.S. 3217:2008.
3. (1) The Standard Specification (Code of practice for emergency lighting) Declaration 1989, is hereby revoked.
(2) Reference in any other standard specification to the Instrument hereby revoked and to Irish Standard 3217:1989 thereby prescribed, shall be construed, respectively, as references to this instrument and to Irish Standard 3217:2008.
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Contents
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................... 1
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................................ 5
3 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4 Description of emergency lighting systems ......................................................................................... 11
5 Need for emergency lighting ................................................................................................................... 12
6 Illumination for safe movement .............................................................................................................. 13
7 Emergency lighting design requirements ............................................................................................. 16
8 Circuit requirements and test facilities for self-contained systems .............................................. 21
9 Wiring systems, circuit requirements and test facilities for central battery systems .................. 21
10 Consultation and records ............................................................................................................................... 24
11 Choice of appropriate emergency lighting systems ........................................................................... 24
12 Emergency lighting design procedure ................................................................................................... 25
13 Certificate and log book .................................................................................................................................. 26
14 Managerial responsibilities .............................................................................................................. 26
15 Maintenance and testing ................................................................................................................................. 27
Annex A (normative) Measuring illuminance of emergency lighting ......................................................... 30
Annex B (informative) Completion certificates for new installations or alterations to existing installations ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Annex C (informative) Management/End user - Emergency lighting periodic inspection and testing certificate ............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Annex D (informative) Model schedule of three-monthly maintenance to be carried out by or on behalf of the Management/End user ...................................................................................................... 37
Annex E (normative) Emergency lighting in different types of premises .................................................. 38
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I.S. 3217:2008
Foreword
The aim of this Irish Standard is to promote wider understanding of the different types of emergency lighting systems and modes of operation which may be employed, and to give guidance on their correct application in accordance with the European standards, to the varied requirements of different categories of premises.
The emergency lighting is an integral part of the overall design of the premises.
This Standard has been prepared with the assistance of the National Standards Authority of Ireland Fire Safety Standards Committee, representation on which includes the following:
— Association of Consulting Engineers of Ireland
— Department of the Environment;
— Office of Public Works;
— Institution of Fire Engineers;
— The Electro-Technical Council of Ireland;
— Electrical Contractors Association;
— Association of Electrical Contractors of Ireland;
— Electrical Manufacturers and Distributors Association of Ireland (EMDA);
— Emergency lighting manufacturers.
The recommendations given in the Standard have been drawn up to encourage uniformity of application, based on providing adequate safety to persons in the event of interruption of the supply to the normal lighting and having due regard to the hazard level and degree of familiarity of occupants with particular premises. The Standard recognizes that in addition to ensuring safe unobstructed means of escape from the premises at all times, emergency lighting is needed to assist in the immediate location and operation of fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment, and to minimize the chance of panic arising in enclosed spaces, such as lifts.
Refer to the National Rules for Electrical Installations (ET 101), published by The Electro -Technical Council of Ireland for wiring requirements.
Compliance with an Irish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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Introduction
Emergency lighting is provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails and is therefore powered from a source independent of that supplying the normal lighting.
For the purposes of this Standard, emergency lighting is regarded as a generic term of which there are a number of specific forms, as shown below.
Emergency lighting
Emergency escape lighting Standby lighting
Escape route lighting Open area lighting High risk task area lighting
Figure 1 — Specific forms of emergency lighting
The requirements given in this Standard are a minimum for design purposes and are calculated for the full rated duration period and end of design life of the equipment; the contribution to illumination by reflected light is ignored.
The overall objective of emergency escape lighting is to enable safe exit from a location in the event of failure of the normal supply.
The objective of escape route lighting is to enable the safe exit from a location for occupants by providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding on escape routes and in special locations, and to ensure that fire fighting and safety equipment can be readily located and used.
The objective of open area (anti-panic) lighting is to reduce the likelihood of panic and to enable safe movement of occupants towards escape routes by providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding. The flow of light for escape routes or open areas should be downward to the working plane but illumination should also be provided to any obstruction up to 2 m height above that plane.
The objective of high-risk task area lighting is to contribute to the safety of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable proper shut down procedures to be carried out for the safety of other occupants of the location.
There are emerging techniques that when applied to escape routes in addition to conventional emergency lighting luminaries can enhance their effectiveness in an emergency. These techniques are not included in this standard.
Vision varies from person to person, both by the amount of light required to perceive an object clearly and in the time taken to adapt to changes in the luminance. In general, order people need more light and take a longer time to adapt to low luminance on a hazard or escape route.
Much anxiety and confusion can be alleviated by strategically placed signs indicating the way out of a location. It is very important that exits are clearly signposted and are visible, whenever the location is occupied.
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Schedule
Emergency Lighting
1 Scope
This Standard concerns the provision of electric emergency lighting in most types of premises.
This Standard does not cover single domestic premises. The provisions are applicable to common access routes within places of multiple occupancy.
The Standard gives requirements for the clear indication and safe level of illumination of escape routes in the event of failure of the supply to the normal lighting, and the minimum continuous period of operation for emergency lighting.
2 Normative references
This Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Irish Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
I.S. EN 13032-1:2004, Light and Lighting - Measurement and Presentation of Photometric Data of Lamps and Luminaires - Part 1: Measurement and File Format
I.S. EN 13032-2:2005, Light and Lighting - Measurement and Presentation of Photometric Data of Lamps and Luminaires - Part 2: Presentation of Data for Indoor and Outdoor Work Places
I.S. EN 13032-3:2007, Measurement and Presentation of Photometric Data of Lamps and Luminaires - Part 3: Presentation of Data for Emergency Lighting of Work Places
I.S. EN 1838:1999, Lighting Applications - Emergency Lighting
I.S. EN 50171:2001, Central Power Supply Systems
I.S. EN 50172:2004, Emergency Escape Lighting Systems
I.S. EN 50200:2006, Method of Test for Resistance to Fire of Unprotected Small Cables for Use in Emergency Circuits
I.S. EN 60529:1993/A1:2003, Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
I.S. EN 60598-2-22:1999/A1:2003, Luminaires - Part 2-22: Particular Requirements - Luminaires for Emergency Lighting
I.S. EN 62034:2007, Automatic Test Systems for Battery Powered Emergency Escape
Lighting ET 101, National Rules for Electrical Installations
ET 105, National Rules for Electrical Installations in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
ISO 8528-12:1997, Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Driven Alternating Current Generating Sets - Part 12: Emergency Power Supply to Safety Services
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3 Definitions
For the purpose of this Standard the following definitions apply:
3.1
automatic test system (ATS) automated test system that may be manually initiated, consisting of parts (such as timers, current detectors, light detectors, change over switches) which, when connected together, make a system that can carry out the routine testing requirements of emergency lighting luminaires, and indicate the test results
[I.S. EN 62034, definition 3.1]
3.2 ballast unit connected between the supply and one or more discharge lamps which serves mainly to limit the current and voltage of the lamps to the required value
3.3 battery secondary cells provided as a source of supply for use when the normal supply fails
3.4 battery capacity
discharge capability of a secondary battery, being a product of average current and time, and expressed as ampere hours (Ah) at a stated time rate
NOTE A conversion factor is needed when applying a nominal battery capacity to a different discharge time rating.
3.5
battery charger that part of the control unit which provides the charge to the emergency battery from the normal supply
3.6 candela luminous intensity in a given direction of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of a frequency of
540 x 1012 Hertz and which has a radiant intensity in the same direction of 1/683 watts per steradian
NOTE A candela is a measurement of the intensity of light.
3.7
central battery emergency lighting system emergency lighting system which distributes an emergency electrical supply to a number of centrally supplied luminaires from central battery which is normally kept in a charged state by its associated charger and control equipment. The emergency supply may be a.c. or d.c. and is available either when the normal supply fails or at all material times (see I.S. EN 50171)
NOTE Within a building there may be several power sources each of which supplies the emergency luminaires in a
particular section of the building.
3.8 central generator-powered emergency lighting system emergency lighting system which distributes an emergency electrical supply to a number of centrally supplied luminaires from a prime mover driven electrical generator aided, where necessary, by a back-up battery system
3.9
centrally supplied luminaires luminaires which are energized from a central emergency power system, that is, one not contained within the luminaire
NOTE Sometimes referred to as a ‗slave luminaire‘.
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3.10
combined (sustained) emergency luminaire luminaire containing two or more lamps, at least one of which is energized from the emergency lighting supply and the other(s) from the normal lighting supply. A combined emergency luminaire is either maintained or non-maintained
NOTE Such a luminaire is intended to sustain illumination at all material times.
3.11 duration
period of time, in hours, that the luminaire can maintain continuously the minimum level of illuminance required
3.12 duration test
test to check if the safety source supplies the system within the limits of rated duration of emergency operation
[LS. EN 62034:2006, definition 3.7]
3.13
Emergency Ballast Lumen Factor (EBLF) ratio of the luminous flux of the lamp supplied by the emergency ballast to the luminous flux of the same lamp operated with the appropriate reference ballast at its rated voltage and frequency. The emergency ballast lumen factor is the minimum of the values measured at the appropriate time after failure of the normal supply and continuously to the end of the rated time
EBLF = BLF x FTIME
FTIME is the minimum light output values measured during the emergency operating time period
[LS. EN 13032-3:2007, definitions 3.8 and 3.9]
3.14 emergency lighting lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails
NOTE Emergency lighting includes emergency escape lighting and standby lighting.
3.15 emergency lighting system complete but discrete emergency lighting installation from the standby power source to the emergency lighting lamp(s). The system may consist of a self-contained escape luminaire or a circuit from a central battery or generator connected through wiring to several emergency luminaires
3.16 emergency exit way out which is intended to be used during an emergency
3.17 emergency escape lighting that part of emergency lighting that provides illumination for the safety of people leaving a location or attempting to terminate a potentially dangerous process before leaving
3.18 escape route route designated for escape in the event of an emergency
[LS. EN 1838:1999]
3.19 escape route lighting that part of emergency escape lighting provided to ensure that the means of escape can be effectively identified and safely used when the location is occupied 7
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[I.S. EN 1838:1999]
3.20 exit way out which is intended to be used at any time whilst the premises are occupied
3.21 externally illuminated safety sign sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an external source
3.22 final exit
terminal point of an escape route, beyond which persons are no longer in danger, and from which they can safely disperse
3.23 functional test test to check the integrity of the circuit and the correct operation of a lamp, a changeover device and an energy source
[I.S. EN 62034:2006, definition 3.6]
3.24
high risk task area lighting part of emergency escape lighting that provides illumination for the safety of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable proper shut down procedures for the safety of the operator and other occupants of the premises
[I.S. EN 1838:1999]
3.25 illuminance at a point of a surface, the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface divided by the area of that element, i.e. the luminous flux density at a surface, that is, the luminous flux incident per unit area. Unit: lux (lx) = lumen per square metre
NOTE 1 The term ‗illumination‘ is now used to describe only the general process of lighting.
NOTE 2 Throughout this Standard, the lux levels for design conditions are point values and not average values.
3.26 input voltage voltage applied to a luminaire
3.27
internally illuminated safety sign sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an internal source
3.28 inverter device for conversion of d.c. to a.c
3.29 inverter ballast (transistorised ballast)
d.c./a.c. inverter using semiconductors which may include stabilizing elements for supplying power to one or more fluorescent discharge lamps
3.30 isolux curve
locus of points on surface where the illuminance has the same value
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3.31
lighting point termination of a fixed wiring system intended for the attachment of a luminaire
3.32 luminaire apparatus which distributes, filters and transforms the lighting given by a lamp or lamps and which includes all the items necessary for fixing and protecting these lamps and for connecting them to the supply circuit
NOTE Internally illuminated signs are a special type of luminaire.
3.33 luminance at a point of a surface and in a given direction, the luminous intensity of an element of the surface, divided by the area of the orthogonal projection of this element on a plane perpendicular to the given direction. Unit: Candela per square metre (cd/m2)
3.34 luminous flux
total visible radiant energy per unit time emitted by a source or received by a surface. Unit: lumen (lm)
3.35
luminous intensity (of a light source in a given direction) luminous flux emitted by the source in an infinitesimal cone containing the given direction, divided by the solid angle of that cone. Unit: candela (cd)
3.36 maintained emergency luminaire luminaire in which the emergency lighting lamps are energized at all times when normal or emergency lighting is required
NOTE A maintained emergency luminaire may operate 24/7 or may be ―switched-maintained‖ whereby the lamp(s) are in operation when the normal lighting is switched on, when the supply to the normal lighting fails (emergency mode) or during a duration test.
3.37 material times times during which the emergency lighting is required to be illuminated, i.e. at all times that persons are on the premises
3.38 mounting height vertical distance between the underside of a luminaire or base of a sign, and the working plane
NOTE Throughout this Standard, the floor is taken to be the working plane.
3.39 nominal battery voltage nominal voltage of a battery as declared by the manufacturer
3.40 non-maintained emergency luminaire luminaire in which the emergency lighting lamps are in operation only when the supply to the normal lighting fails
NOTE A combined (sustained) emergency luminaire (see combined (sustained) emergency luminaire) also includes
one or more lamps for non-emergency lighting.
3.41 normal lighting all permanently installed artificial electric lighting operating from the normal supply which, in the absence of adequate daylight, is intended for use during the whole time that the premises are occupied
NOTE Known also as ‗general lighting‘.
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3.42 normal supply electricity supply taken from the Electricity Supply Authority or alternatively from the proprietor‘s own generating plant
3.43
normal supply failure condition in which the normal lighting can no longer provide a minimum illuminance for emergency escape purposes or to enable proper shut down procedures to be carried out for the safety of other persons and when the emergency lighting should become operative
3.44
open area (anti-panic)
areas of undefined escape routes in halls or premises larger than 60 m 2 floor area or smaller areas if there is additional hazard such as use by a large number of people
3.45 premises whole or part of a building which is to be treated as a single unit applying to this Standard
3.46 protected corridor
any corridor separated from adjoining accommodation spaces by fire resisting construction, and having all communicating openings closed by fire doors, fire dampers or similar closures
3.47 refuge area
area enclosed in fire resisting construction, leading directly to an escape route, used as a temporary resting place for people with special needs
3.48
safety sign sign which gives a general safety message, obtained by a combination of colour and geometric shape and which, by addition of a graphic symbol of text, gives a particular safety message
NOTE An exit sign is a safety sign that uses only graphic symbols – see I.S. EN 1838:1999, Annex A.
3.49 sealed battery battery that is totally sealed or so constructed that no provision is made for the replacement of the products of electrolysis. A pressure exhaust vent may be included
3.50
self-contained emergency luminaire luminaire providing maintained, combined or non-maintained emergency lighting in which all the elements, such as the battery, the lamp, the control unit and the monitoring facilities, where provided, are contained within the luminaire or adjacent to it (that is, within 1 m)
NOTE Sometimes referred to as a ‗single-point‘ luminaire.
3.51 slave luminaire see definition 3.7
3.52 spacing height ratio ratio of spacing between the geometric centres of adjacent luminaires to their height above the working plane
NOTE Throughout this Standard the floor is taken to be the working plane.3.53
standby lighting part of emergency lighting provided to enable normal activities to continue substantially unchanged
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[I.S. EN 1838:1999]
3.54
static inverter systems systems that operate from a d.c. supply and provides an a.c. source on mains failure or provide an a.c. supply at all material times
3.55 sustained emergency luminaire
see definition 3.8 (combined (sustained) emergency luminaire)
3.56 temporary accommodation units units including prefabricated cabins, cargo containers, caravans, portable and sectional buildings brought on to a construction site for use as offices, stores, workshops, welfare facilities etc.
NOTE Temporary Accommodation Units (TAUs) are usually situated in the open air however; they may also be located inside the structure under construction or be part of that structure
3.57 uniformity ratio of the maximum to minimum illuminance applied to values on the working plane
NOTE Throughout this Standard the floor is taken to be the working plane.
3.58 vented battery (unsealed battery)
battery so constructed that provision is made for the replacement of the products of electrolysis
3.59 working plane the floor
4 Description of emergency lighting systems
4.1 General
This Standard covers both temporary and permanently installed electrically powered emergency lighting systems of the following types:
a) self-contained systems,
b) central battery systems, using centrally supplied luminaires,
c) static inverter systems,
d) a generator which is capable of being placed on load within 5s.
For the purpose of d) above, where power is provided to a premises by a generator only, it shall be considered the mains supply to the premises and therefore the premises requires emergency lighting.
The only power sources considered are therefore combinations of rechargeable secondary batteries together with suitable chargers (as in a), b) or c)), or prime mover driven electrical generators (as in d)).
For each type of system there are three principal modes of operation; maintained, non-maintained or combined.
4.2 Self-contained systems
In a self-contained system the luminaire contains all the elements such as the battery, the lamp, the control unit and the monitoring facilities, or else these elements may be located outside the luminaire, within a distance of 1 m.
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Upon failure of the supply to the normal lighting, the luminaire shall operate automatically from the battery. Following partial or full discharge, the internal circuitry shall accept the restored mains supply to recharge the battery ready for further operation.
4.3 Central battery systems
In a central battery system an emergency electrical supply is distributed to a number of centrally supplied luminaires from a centrally located battery which is normally kept in a charged state by its associated charger and control equipment. The emergency supply may be a.c. or d.c. and is available either when the normal supply fails (non-maintained) or at all material times, i.e. at all times that persons are on the premises (maintained or sustained mode) (see I.S. EN 50171).
Systems are available which provide an emergency lighting supply when the normal supply is available and this maintained supply may be switched or unswitched.
4.4 Static inverter systems
Static inverter systems operate from a d.c. supply and provides an a.c. source on mains failure or provide an a.c. supply at all material times (see I.S. EN 50171).
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems shall not be used for emergency escape lighting systems.
4.5 Central generator-powered systems
The generating system shall be of the mains-failure automatic-start type. Generating systems that are not capable of being placed on load within 5 s shall be supplemented by a battery system to provide sufficient power to operate the emergency lighting system for at least three hours.
The generator and the battery back-up system are connected to the same mains failure sensor so that on mains failure the generator will automatically go into its start sequence whilst full emergency lighting cover will be provided immediately by the battery. The battery shall automatically disconnect when the generator has reached the rated output, and shall begin to recharge from the generator or from the normal supply when that is restored.
5 Need for emergency lighting
5.1 General
When the supply to the normal lighting of a premises fails, emergency lighting shall be required. Throughout this Standard reference to ‗emergency lighting‘ covers ‗emergency escape lighting‘ in particular, but also includes any element of standby lighting which may be used for emergency escape lighting.
5.2 Emergency escape lighting
When the supply to the normal lighting or parts of the normal lighting to occupied premises fails, emergency escape lighting shall be provided:
a) to indicate clearly and unambiguously the escape routes,
b) to provide illumination along such routes to allow safe movement towards and through the exits provided,
c) to ensure that fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment provided along escape routes can be readily located,
d) to provide sufficient lighting to enable the emergency services to conduct a search and rescue in the event of an incident,
e) to provide lighting for building re-occupation.
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Non-maintained, combined and maintained emergency luminaires shall operate in the event of failure of a normal lighting final circuit. In all cases, arrangements shall be made to ensure that local emergency escape lighting will operate in the event of failure of normal supply to the corresponding local area.
5.3 Standby lighting
For areas where a continuous operation is needed during the failure of the supply to the normal lighting, standby lighting shall be installed to meet some suitable proportion of the standard service illuminance required for that task.
In some situations this may mean providing 100% service illuminance.
NOTE Decisions as to whether an area requires 100% service illuminance should be made in consultation with the Fire Authority.
If the standby lighting forms part of the emergency escape lighting, then that part of the emergency escape lighting shall operate for three hours in the event of the failure of the standby lighting system.
6 Illumination for safe movement
6.1 General
The safe movement of persons along escape routes towards and through the exits provided to a place of safety depends upon the illumination and the ability to see hazards, changes of level and direction.
It is recommended that all potential obstructions or hazards on an escape route should be light in colour with contrasting surround. Where the design departs from the above, it will be necessary to compensate for such departures. Escape routes shall be kept clear of unnecessary obstructions at all times and shall not be used as storage areas.
6.2 Minimum illuminance
6.2.1 Defined escape routes
For escape routes up to 2 m in width, the horizontal illuminance on the floor along the centre line of an escape route shall be not less than 1 lux and the central band consisting of not less than half of the width of the route shall be illuminated to a minimum of 50% of that value.
NOTE Wider escape routes can be treated as a number or 2 m wide strips or be provided with open area (anti -panic) lighting (see clause 4.2.1 of I.S. EN 1838:1999).
6.2.2 Undefined escape routes (open areas)
The horizontal illuminance shall be not less than 0,5 lux at the floor level of the empty core area which excludes a border of 0,5 m of the perimeter of the area (see clause 7.6.8 below, I.S. EN 1838:1999 clause 4.3.1 and, I.S. EN 50172:2004 clause 4.4.).
6.2.3 Response time
The emergency lighting specified in this Standard shall provide full luminance within 5 s of the failure of the normal lighting supply.
High risk task area lighting specified in this Standard shall provide the full required luminance permanently or within 0,5 s of the failure of the normal lighting supply depending upon application.
6.2.4 Design conditions
The recommended illuminances that are specified as a minimum, i.e. 0,5 lux or 1 lux, shall be regarded as the lowest value acceptable during the rated discharge period and due to the effects of the system ageing (see I.S. EN 1838:1999).
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In designing a system allowance shall be made for all of the relevant factors including reduction in voltage, voltage drop in the system wiring, lamp ageing and the accumulation of dirt and dust.
Requirements on the measuring of illuminance of emergency lighting are given in Annex A.
6.3 Uniformity of illuminance
The ratio of the maximum to the minimum illuminance shall be not greater than 40:1 along the centre line of the escape route
6.4 Glare
6.4.1 Disability glare shall be kept low by limiting the luminous intensity of the luminaires within the field of view.
6.4.2 For level horizontal escape routes the luminous intensity of the luminaires shall not exceed the values in Table 1 within the zone 60° to 90° from the downward vertical at all angles of azimuth (see Figure 2).
Key
1 Glare zone
Figure 2 – Glare zone for horizontal escape routes
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6.4.3 For all other escape routes and areas, the limiting values shall not be exceeded at all angles (see Figure 3).
Key
1 Glare zone
Figure 3 – Glare zone for all other escape routes
NOTE High contrast between a luminaire and its background can produce glare. In escape route lighting the main problem
will be disability glare, in which the brightness of the luminaires can dazzle and prevent obstructions or signs being seen.
Table 1 — Disability glare limits
Mounting height above floor level, h
m
Escape route and open area (anti-panic) lighting maximum
luminous intensity, Imax
cd
High risk task area lighting maximum luminous intensity,
Imax
cd
h < 2,5 500 1 000
2,5 ! h < 3,0 900 1 800
3,0 ! h < 3,5 1 600 3 200
3,5 ! h < 4,0 2 500 5 000
4,0 ! h < 4,5 3 500 7 000
h > _ 4,5
5 000 10 000
6.4.4 In order to identify safety colours, the minimum value for the colour rendering index R a from a lamp shall
be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially subtract from this.
Compliance with clause 6.4 can be checked by measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier (see clauses 4.2.3 to 4.2.6 of I.S. EN 1838:1999).
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7 Emergency lighting design requirements
7.1 General
Emergency lighting shall be provided for use when the normal lighting fails and shall therefore be powered from a source independent of that supplying the normal lighting.
The emergency lighting system shall be designed so that operational testing of the system (see clauses 8.3 and 15.4.1) can be carried out without interrupting the normal supply.
Emergency escape lighting shall operate, in the event of failure of any part o f the normal lighting supply. Non-maintained, combined and maintained emergency luminaires shall operate in the event of failure of a normal lighting final circuit. In all cases, arrangements shall be made to ensure that local emergency escape lighting will operate in the event of failure of normal supply to the corresponding local area.
7.2 System integrity
The illumination by the emergency escape lighting system of a compartment of the escape route shall be from two or more luminaires so that the failure of one luminaire does not plunge the route into total darkness or make the directional finding effect of the system ineffective. For the same reason, two or more luminaires shall be used in each open area (anti-panic).
NOTE 1 It is not normally possible to cater for an interruption of the normal lighting due solely to the failure of an individual
lamp, consideration should therefore be given to methods of eliminating any probable hazard which might arise due to the failure of this lamp.
NOTE 2 The term ―compartment‖ is used to mean a part of the escape route reliant on illumination located within it. This term
is not used in the sense of compartmentation under the Building Regulations as part of the fire precautions.
NOTE 3 The provision of an exit sign may contribute to meeting the requirements of this clause.
7.3 Failure of emergency lighting luminaire
Failure of emergency lighting luminaire (applies only to all emergency lighting conversions and all emergency light fittings utilising remote packs): The failure of any one luminaire connected to a circuit shall not affect other luminaires connected to the same circuit, i.e. each emergency luminaire shall be individually fused on its incoming permanent supply.
IMPORTANT — This clause refers only to luminaires modified utilising emergency lighting conversions and luminaires utilising remote packs.
NOTE It is recommended that each emergency luminaire be individually fused on its incoming permanent, switched and/or un-switched supplies. On slave luminaire units, fuses are recommended on both legs of the supply.
7.4 Mounting height of luminaires
The mounting height of the individual luminaires will usually be governed by the physical characteristics of the area under consideration and the best solution shall be chosen. The luminaires shall be mounted at least 2 m above the floor level.
NOTE Luminaires should be mounted below smoke reservoirs where they are provided.
7.5 Siting of essential emergency escape lighting luminaires
An emergency escape lighting luminaire shall be sited at points where it is necessary to emphasise the position of potential hazards:
a) near each intersection of corridors,
b) at each exit door and emergency exit door,
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c) near each change to direction (other than on a staircase),
d) near each staircase so that each flight of stairs receives direct light,
e) near any other change of floor level,
f) outside each final exit and close to it,
g) near each fire alarm call point,
h) near fire fighting equipment,
i) at exit and safety signs required by the enforcing authority,
j) near each first aid post,
k) in each refuge area (see definitions 3.47, clause 7.6.9 or as defined in Part M of the Building Regulations Technical Guidance Document).
Positions outlined in 7.5 h) or 7.5 j), if not on the escape route nor in an open area, shall be illuminated to 5 lux minimum on the floor.
NOTE 1 For the purpose of this clause, ‗near‘ is normally considered to be within 2 m measured horizontally.
NOTE 2 If compliance with items a) and c) results in two luminaires being less than 4 m apart, consideration may be given to
using only one luminaire if it can be positioned to adequately illuminate both hazards simultaneously.
NOTE 3 In areas where a smoke control system is in operation, care should be taken that luminaires are not located in positions where they may be adversely affected by smoke.
7.6 Siting of emergency escape lighting
7.6.1 General
Additional emergency escape lighting shall be installed in the following locations:
7.6.2 External areas in the immediate vicinity of exits
To assist dispersal and to enable final exits to be negotiated safely, the level of illuminance in the area immediately outside such exits shall be not significantly lower than that immediately inside the exit. An emergency lighting luminaire shall be placed externally at each final exit.
7.6.3 Lift cars and lift shafts
An emergency lighting luminaire shall be fitted in any lift car in which persons may travel. Lifts cannot be considered as part of an escape route except in very special circumstances and then only when they are fitted with their own emergency operating power supply. Any luminaire connected to the main emergency lighting supply that is necessary in a lift car shall be on a separate circuit and shall be connected to the appropriate test facility (see clause 8.3 and clause 9.4.2).
Emergency escape lighting shall be provided in all lift shafts to allow for the safe egress of persons from the lift shaft to an escape route.
7.6.4 Moving stairways and walkways
In order to safely exit from moving stairways and walkways to an escape route, emergency escape lighting shall be provided so that the horizontal illuminance at floor level along the centre line of the moving stairway or walkway shall be not less than 1 lux.
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7.6.5 Toilet areas and toilet lobbies
Toilet areas exceeding 8 m2 gross floor area and toilet areas of less than 8 m2 without borrowed emergency
escape lighting shall be provided with emergency escape lighting complying as if they were part of an escape route. Disabled toilets shall be provided with emergency escape lighting, the horizontal illuminance shall be not less
that 1 lux at floor level.
Toilet lobbies shall be provided with emergency escape lighting (see clause 7.2).
NOTE Provision of emergency lighting in accordance with this clause does not necessitate the provision of emergency
lighting in toilets designed to accommodate only a single able bodied person or en suite toilets or bathrooms in hotel bedroo ms.
7.6.6 Motor generator, control and plant rooms
Emergency lighting shall be provided in all motor generator rooms, in control rooms, switch rooms and adjacent to main control equipment.
7.6.7 Covered car parks
The pedestrian escape routes within covered and/or multi-storey car park areas shall be easily identifiable and shall
be provided with emergency escape lighting.
7.6.8 Open area (anti-panic) lighting
The objective of open area (anti-panic) lighting is to reduce the likelihood of panic and to enable safe movement of
occupants towards escape routes by providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding. It is used in
areas of undefined escape routes in halls or premises larger than 60 m2 floor area or smaller areas if there is additional hazard such as use by a large number of people.
The horizontal illuminance shall be not less than 0,5 lux at the floor level of the empty core area which excludes a border of 0,5 m of the perimeter of the area.
7.6.9 Refuge areas for the mobility impaired
At a refuge call point and in the area for transfer of people from wheelchairs to evacuation devices, a higher level of
illumination of not less than 5 lux for escape route lighting is required.
7.7 Safety signs
7.7.1 General
Safety signs for emergency escape and first aid are subject to statutory requirements.
7.7.2 Viewing distance
As an internally illuminated sign is discernible at a greater distance than an externally illuminated sign of the same
size the maximum viewing distance (see Figure 4) shall be determined by use of the following equation:
I=sxh
where: I is the viewing distance; h is the height of the pictogram; s is a constant: 100 for externally illuminated signs; 200 for internally illuminated signs.
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Figure 4 — Viewing distance
7.7.3 Mounting height of signs
Signs shall be positioned between 2 m and 3 m above floor level measured to the base of the sign. If this is not practicable the relevant fire authority shall be consulted.
NOTE Where smoke reservoirs are provided, the luminaires should be mounted below these.
7.7.4 Illumination of signs
In the event of failure of the supply to the normal lighting, such signs shall be illuminated by the emergency lighting supply, using any of the following methods of illuminations:
a) externally illuminated signs, usually associated with painted or applied letter ing,
b) internally illuminated signs, where the lamps are contained within the sign,
c) a combination of a) and b).
Method b) shall be used within places of public entertainment and the lamps within the signs shall not be dimmed.
The light source for an externally illuminated sign shall be mounted a maximum of 1 m distance from the sign.
7.7.5 Visibility of signs
In order to give the signs maximum visual impact they shall be placed perpendicular to the line of sight of persons using the escape route. The luminance of any coloured area of the safety sign shall be at least 2 cd/m 2 in all relevant viewing directions (see I.S. EN 1838:1999, clause 5.3 and I.S. EN 1838:1999, Annex A).
7.7.6 Escape route signs
Escape route signs, either internally illuminated or externally illuminated, shall be positioned at all exits intended for use in an emergency and where necessary along escape routes to indicate the direction to the next exit, emergency exit, refuge area or area of assembly.
Where direct sight of a final exit is not possible, a series of escape route signs shall be placed along the escape route to assist progression toward the final exit.
7.8 High risk task area lighting
7.8.1 The objective of high-risk task area lighting is to ensure the safety of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable proper shut down procedures for the safety of other occupants of the premises.
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7.8.2 In areas of high risk the maintained illuminance on the reference plane shall be not less than 10% of the required maintained illuminance for that task, however it shall be not less than 15 lux. It shall be free of harmful stroboscopic effects.
7.8.3 The uniformity of the high risk task area lighting illuminance shall be not less than 0,1.
7.8.4 Disability glare shall be kept low by limiting the luminous intensity of the luminaires within the field of view. These shall not exceed the values in Table 1 within the zone 60° to 90° from the downward vertical at all angles of azimuth.
7.8.5 In order to identify safety colours, the minimum value for the colour rendering index Ra of a lamp shall be
40. The luminaire shall not substantially subtract from this.
7.8.6 The minimum duration shall be not less than three hours.
7.8.7 High risk task area lighting shall provide the full required illuminance permanently or within 0,5 s depending upon application.
Compliance with clauses 7.8.2 to 7.8.5 and 7.8.7 can be checked by measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier.
See also E.14 below.
7.9 Emergency lighting luminaires
7.9.1 Construction
Emergency lighting luminaires can be either self-contained or slave luminaires. Both may be used for escape signs or emergency escape route lighting. These luminaires shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of I.S. EN 60598-2-22. For fusing requirements, see clause 7.3 above. For certain applications the luminaire itself shall have satisfactory protection against the ingress of foreign bodies or moisture; such protections are indicated by the IP classification as defined in I.S. EN 60529. Where used in potentially explosive atmospheres, the luminaire shall comply with the requirements of the National Rules for Electrical Installations in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres (ET 105), published by the Electro-Technical Council of Ireland.
Photometric data shall be provided by the manufacturer in accordance with I.S. EN 13032-3.
7.9.2 Flammability
Emergency lighting luminaires shall comply with the non-flammability (resistance to flame and ignition) provisions specified in I.S. EN 60598-2-22. External parts should also be subjected to the 850°C glow-wire test of I.S. EN 60598-2-22:1999 and any burning parts shall self extinguish within 30 s.
7.10 Central power supply systems
Central power supply systems shall comply with I.S. EN 50171.
7.11 Batteries for central power supply systems
Batteries for central power supply systems shall comply with clause 6.12 of I.S. EN 50171:2001.
Batteries for central power systems (CPS) shall be of a type having declared life expectancy of at least 10 years at 20°C ambient temperature.
Batteries for low power systems (LPS) shall be of a type having declared life expectancy of at least 5 years at 20°C ambient temperature.
NOTE To achieve full performance at the end of life, the battery capacity should be sized in accordance with the battery
manufacturer's data.
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7.12 Batteries for self-contained luminaires
Batteries should be rated for at least 4 years of normal operation, and should be replaced when the luminaire no longer meets the required duration.
The surface temperature of batteries shall always be maintained within the rated operating temperature of the battery as defined by the manufacturer.
8 Circuit requirements and test facilities for self-contained systems
8.1 General
The electrical installation of emergency lighting systems shall be carried out to comply with the current edition of the National Rules for Electrical Installations (ET 101), published by the Electro-Technical Council of Ireland.
8.2 Control equipment
Control equipment and batteries located outside a self-contained luminaire shall be mechanically protected and mounted in a fire resistant enclosure and marked 'EMERGENCY LIGHTING'. Cables from the luminaire to the enclosure greater that 1 m in length, shall be rated to classification PH120 (120 minutes) as defined by I.S. EN 50200:2006.
NOTE Wiring within a luminaire is excluded from the requirements of this clause and is covered separately in I.S. EN 60598-2-22.
8.3 Test facility
Each emergency lighting system shall have a suitable facility for simulating failure of the normal supply for test purposes. The facility shall not interrupt the normal lighting supply to the area concerned. After the test period the emergency lighting system shall be automatically restored to its normal state. The facility for simulating failures shall be capable of carrying out the following tests:
a) functional test of 18 minutes maximum (ATS only),
b) functional test of 30 minutes (all test facilities except ATS),
c) full duration test of 3 hours (all test facilities).
9 Wiring systems, circuit requirements and test facilities for central battery systems
9.1 General
The electrical installation of an emergency lighting system shall conform with good electrical practice in design and construction. It shall be carried out to comply with the current edition of the National Rules for Electrical Installations (ET 101), published by The Electro-Technical Council of Ireland.
9.2 Cables
Cables used for the connection of emergency lighting luminaires to their power supply either shall possess inherently high resistance to attack by fire and physical damage, or shall be enclosed in suitable conduit, ducting, trunking or in a channel, so as to obtain the necessary fire protection and mechanical strength to prevent physical damage.
Luminaires and power supplies which are required to continue to operate for a specific period during a fire shall be interconnected by a fire resisting cable rated to classif ication PH120 (120 minutes) as defined by I.S. EN 50200:2006.
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NOTE 1 Wiring within a luminaire is excluded from the requirements of this clause and is covered separately in I.S. EN 60598-2-22.
NOTE 2 Wiring within a panel is excluded from the requirements of this clause.
9.3 Wiring
9.3.1 General
In selecting cable sizes, due regard should be paid to limitations imposed by voltage drop and physical strength.
Each conductor should be of copper having a nominal cross-sectional area of not less than 1,5 mm2.
The voltage drop in cables connecting a central battery or generator to a slave luminaire should not exceed 4% of the system nominal voltage at maximum rated current and at the highest working temperature likely to be experienced.
[BS 5266-1:2005]
Slave luminaires should be selected to be compatible with the central power supply to which they are to be connected. The slave luminaires selected should be compatible with an a.c. or a d.c. voltage, as applicable, and with the input voltage range, taking into account load voltage regulation, end of duration battery voltage and cable voltage drop.
9.3.2 Segregation
Wiring of emergency lighting installations shall be exclusive to the installation and segregated from the wiring of other circuits, so that the emergency lighting circuits are protected against damage that may be caused by faults on other circuits, so that they are protected against interference that might occur during maintenance or alteration of other services.
Segregation may be achieved by:
a) the installation of wiring in separate conduit, ducting or trunking, or
b) mechanically strong, rigid and continuous partitions of non-combustible material in multi-compartment trunking systems, or
c) the use of cable having a continuous metallic sheath such as mineral insulated copper sheathed cable, or
d) a spacing in air of at least 300 mm from the runs of cables of other services. This spacing applies along the length of cable runs and may be reduce to 15 mm at 90° crossovers, or
e) the installation of wiring on a separate cable tray.
Ducting, trunking or channel containing emergency lighting cables should be marked to indicate its use.
Multi-core cables servicing emergency lighting circuits shall not be used for any other service.
NOTE Wiring within a panel is excluded from the requirements of this clause.
9.3.3 Joints
A joint, except a joint in a emergency lighting luminaire or a control unit, shall be enclosed in a suitable box with a fire rating not less than that of the cable used, labelled, ‗EMERGENCY LIGHTING‘ or ‗ESCAPE LIGHTING‘ or ‗STANDBY LIGHTING‘ as appropriate, to avoid confusion with other services. A joint shall not be such as to reduce the reliability and resistance to fire of the cable below that of an un-jointed cable.
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9.3.4 Overhead lines
Overhead lines for an emergency lighting system shall not be used. Physical separation of the routing of two circuits shall be such that a fault from an external agency causing the failure of one will not interfere with the integrity of the other.
9.4 Circuit protection
9.4.1 General
Emergency lighting systems fed from a standby supply, shall comply with the National Rules for Electrical Installations (ET 101), published by The Electro-Technical Council of Ireland.
9.4.2 Test facility
Each emergency lighting system shall have a suitable facility for simulating failure of the normal supply for test purposes. The facility shall not interrupt the normal lighting supply to the area concerned. After the test period the emergency lighting system shall be automatically restored to its normal state. The facility for simulating failures shall be capable of carrying out the following tests:
a) functional test of 18 minutes maximum (ATS only),
b) functional test of 30 minutes (all test facilities except
ATS), c) full duration test of 3 hours (all test facilities).
9.4.3 Isolation and maintenance hazards
Warning labels shall be provided in positions where they can be readily seen and read. The labels shall state that switching off the normal supply to an emergency lighting system may not make it safe for maintenance purposes. Such warnings are necessary because, for example, non-illumination of a lamp does not always indicate that a circuit is dead and a circuit still alive could present a hazard to maintenance personnel.
A test for voltage shall be made before touching parts which may be live.
9.4.4 Voltage compatibility of a slave luminaire and a central battery system
9.4.4.1General
The following considerations shall be taken into account to ensure that a slave luminaire is compatible with the central battery supply to which it is connected. 9.4.4.2d.c. only system
Slave luminaire shall be capable of operating over the following input voltage range:
a) maximum voltage: battery float voltage,
b) minimum voltage: voltage at end of duration battery voltage less a further allowance for cabling voltage drop, up to a maximum of 10% of the system voltage.
For maintained systems, the luminaires shall also be capable of operating continuously at the maximum system voltage plus the r.m.s voltage ripple content of the d.c. supply which should not be above 3,5%.
9.4.4.3 Combined a.c. and d.c. supplied systems
In the d.c. condition the luminaire should operate in accordance with clause 9.4.4.2. In the a.c. condition the luminaire shall operate continuously over the following voltage range:
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a) maximum voltage: the design transformer voltage plus the supply voltage variation plus transformer regulation, not exceeding 11% total,
b) minimum voltage: the design transformer voltage less the supply voltage variation less an allowance for cabling voltage drop up to a maximum of 10% of the system nominal voltage (refer to I.S. EN 50171).
10 Consultation and records
10.1 Consultation
Consultations between the owner and/or occupier of the premises, the architect, the engineer, the installation contractor, and the fire authority shall be arranged at a very early stage.
10.2 Supply of plans
Plans showing the layout of the building and of all existing or proposed escape routes, fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment and indicating the positions of all items, structural or otherwise, which may offer obstruction to escape, should be provided at an early stage for use during the consultations referred to in clause 10.1.
10.3 Records
On completion of the work, drawings of the emergency lighting installation should be provided and retained on the premises. Such drawings should be regularly up-dated to keep them in line with any subsequent changes to the system. Drawings shall be produced in accordance with clause 6.1 of I.S. EN 50172:2004.
11 Choice of appropriate emergency lighting systems
11.1 Duration of operation
The time required to evacuate premises depends upon their size and complexity but it shall normally be possible to complete an orderly evacuation, even of the largest premises, in less than 1 h. However, in an emergency evacuation times may be considerably increased, for example some of the escape routes may have been cut off, injured people may have to be found and possibly given on-the-spot medical treatment, etc. The time for which emergency escape lighting is required to operate will therefore always be longer than the absolute minimum time required to evacuate the premises under ideal conditions.
Furthermore, particularly in larger premises, emergency lighting which will remain in operation after the evacuation of the building has been substantially completed, may be a necessary safety requirement. For example, to enable an adequate search of the premises to be carried out easily and quickly to ensure that no-one has been left behind, or to allow reoccupation of the premises after the emergency in order to get people off the street and into a place of relative safety.
Emergency lighting systems designed, installed and subjected to routine tests in accordance with the provisions of this Standard shall normally provide their rated output and duration whenever called upon to do so. However, consideration may have to be given to a possible degradation of the performance of emergency lighting systems due to unforeseen circumstances immediately preceding the emergency. It would be unwise to design any system to meet the bare requirements of the premises under consideration, particularly as to duration of operation, and an additional safety factor shall be built in to the design to cover possible technical problems which may reduce the light output and duration to less than the rated value.
Taking all theses factors into account, it is considered that the emergency lighting system shall operate for a period not less than 3 h following failure of the normal supply.
11.2 Type of system to be adopted in typical premises
Requirements for emergency lighting in different types of premises are given in Annex E. In case of doubt, the appropriateness of a particular classification shall be discussed with the enforcing authority.
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12 Emergency lighting design procedure
12.1 General
Before any detailed design work commences it is essential that consultation is carried out in accordance with clause 10. The design procedure shall proceed as follows:
12.2 Determination of requirements
Complete the following actions where necessary (see clause 10):
a) verify escape routes (see clauses 6.2.1 and 6.2.2),
b) investigate need for standby lighting (see Clause 5.3),
c) establish fire alarm call point positions (see clause 7.5),
d) establish position of fire fighting equipment (see clause 7.5),
e) establish position of fire exit and safety signs (see clauses 7.5),
f) establish position of first-aid posts (see clause 7.5),
g) investigate potential hazards on escape routes (see Clauses 7.5),
h) establish requirements for external emergency escape lighting (see Clause 7.6.2),
i) locate lifts (see Clause 7.6.3),
j) locate moving stairways and walkways (see Clause 7.6.4),
k) locate toilets, toilet lobbies (see Clause 7.6.5),
l) locate control and plant rooms (see Clause 7.6.6),
m) locate pedestrian escape routes in covered car parks (see Clause 7.6.7),
n) establish open areas/anti-panic areas (see Clause 7.6.8),
o) locate refuge areas for the mobility impaired (see Clause 7.6.9)
p) determine High Risk Task Areas (see clause 7.8)
q) locate bedrooms in excess of 30m 2 (see Annex E).
12.3 Design of illuminance
Having determined the positions and areas which need to be illuminated by the emergency lighting system, the detailed design can begin as follows:
a) position emergency luminaires on plan,
b) determine the mode of operation,
c) check voltage and possible voltage drop,
d) verify the mounting height of luminaires,
e) choose emergency lighting luminaire,
f) obtain detailed light distribution of the luminaires,
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g) determine maintenance factor,
h) calculate the il luminance,
i) check uniformity.
The system shall be designed to zero reflectance.
13 Certificate and log book
13.1 Handover documents
On completion of the work of installing an emergency lighting system, the following documents shall be supplied to the occupier or owner of the premises:
a) completion certificate (see Annex B),
b) log book (see clause 13.2),
c) record drawings showing the location of emergency luminaires (see clause 10.3),
d) maintenance manual showing details of equipment used.
Drawings and documents shall be produced in accordance with clauses 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of I.S. EN 50172:2004.
13.2 Log book
A log book shall be available on the premises in the care of a responsible person and should be readily available for examination by any duly authorised authority.
The log book shall be used to record the following information:
a) date of the commissioning of the system including any certificate relating to alterations,
b) date of each periodic inspection and test certificate,
c) date and brief details of each inspection, maintenance or test carried out,
d) date and brief details of any defects and of remedial action taken,
e) date and brief details of any alterations to the emergency lighting installation,
f) if any automatic testing device is employed, the main characteristic and the mode of operation of that device shall be described (see I.S. EN 50172 and I.S. EN 62034),
g) details of replacement components or luminaires such as lamp type, battery and fusing,
h) managerial responsibilities – a functional test shall be carried out 4 times per year (i.e. 18 minutes maximum or 30 minutes as required) and a full duration test once per year,
i) a periodic test certificate shall be provided on the completion of the full duration test. This test shall be carried out at least once per year.
14 Managerial responsibilities
It is the responsibility of the management of the premises to ensure that proper maintenance of the emergency lighting system as per clause 10.3.
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The procedure to be adopted in the organization of working responsibility will vary with the size and complexity of the installation which shall be taken into account.
15 Maintenance and testing
15.1 General
Light level tests shall be carried out every 4 years to confirm the illumination levels.
15.2 Central battery systems
In all cases the manufacturer‘s instructions shall be displayed in accordance with I.S. EN 50171:2001 and shall be carefully followed. It is particularly important that where applicable:
a) the tops of batteries and their terminals are kept clean and unobstructed and that battery cases are periodically checked for leaks,
b) the electrolyte is at all times kept at the correct level as recommended by the manufacturer,
c) any replacement battery is compatible with the battery charger,
d) any replacement cell is compatible with the battery,
e) any replacement battery charger is compatible with the battery,
f) the enclosure or space ventilation is checked for compliance with the manufacturer‘s instructions,
g) the outgoing voltage is checked.
15.3 Generators
The manufacturer‘s instructions as given in the associated instruction manual shall always be followed.
Inspection and tests of the emergency lighting shall be carried out in accordance with this clause.
Air intakes and exhausts shall be unobstructed and the system shall be adequately ventilated.
Generators shall comply with the requirements of ISO 8528-12.
15.4 Routine inspections and tests
15.4.1 General
Owing to the possibility of a failure of the normal lighting supply occurring shortly after a period of testing of the emergency lighting system or during the subsequent recharge period, all tests shall be undertaken at a time of minimum risk. Alternatively, suitable temporary arrangements shall be made until the batteries have been charged.
Inspections and tests shall be carried out at the following intervals:
a ) w e e k l y ,
b ) three-monthly,
c) annually.
15.4.2 Weekly test
A test shall be made once every seven days to ascertain that:
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a) a fault recorded in the log book has been given urgent attention and the action noted,
b) every lamp in a maintained system is lighting,
c) the main control or indicating panel of each central battery system indicates normal operation,
d) the main control or indicating panel of each engine driven generator plant indicates normal operation. After inspection the system shall be started and run to recharge the batteries, and to allow each luminaire to be checked for correct operation,
e) the LED in charging circuit is illuminated,
f) any fault found is recorded in the log book and the action taken and noted.
15.4.3 Three-monthly test
A test shall be made once every three months in accordance with a systematic schedule. A model schedule is illustrated in Annex C.
Tests shall be carried out as follows:
a) Each self-contained luminaire and internally illuminated escape route sign shall be energized from its battery by simulation of a failure of the supply to the normal lighting for the required period given in clause 8.3 and clause 9.4.2, but not exceeding one quarter of the rated duration of the luminaire or sign.
During this period all luminaires and/or signs shall be examined visually to ensure that they are functioning correctly.
b) Each central battery system shall be energized from its battery by simulation of a failure of the supply to the normal lighting for a period of at least 30 min but not exceeding one quarter of the rated duration of the battery.
During this period all luminaires and/or signs shall be examined visually to ensure that they are functioning correctly.
If it is not possible to examine visually all luminaires and/or signs in this period, further tests shall be made after the battery has been fully recharged.
The charging arrangements for the battery shall be checked for proper functioning after the test by current and voltage measurements.
c) Each engine-driven generating plant shall be started up by a simulation of a failure of the supply to the normal lighting and allowed to energize the emergency lighting system for a continuous period of at least 1 h.
During this time all luminaires and/or signs shall be examined visually to ensure that they are functioning correctly.
At the end of the test period the system shall be restored to normal operation and the charging arrangements for the engine-starting battery shall be checked for proper functioning after the test by current and voltage measurements. The fuel tanks shall be left filled and the oil and coolant levels topped up as necessary. The contents of the bulk tank, if provided, shall be noted.
d) Where back-up lighting batteries are used on an engine-driven generator system, the engine shall be prevented from starting.
The emergency lighting system shall then be energized solely form the back-up battery by simulation of a failure of the supply to the normal lighting for a period of at least 30 min but not exceeding one quarter of the rated duration of the battery, in order to ensure that the changeover from normal supply to battery is functioning properly. After this check the starting system engine shall be returned to normal operation and the engine allowed to start up in the normal way to energize the emergency lighting system for a continuous period of at least 1 h.
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During these periods all luminaires and/or sign shall be examined visually to ensure that they are functioning correctly.
At the end of the test period the system shall be restored to normal operation and the charging arrangements for the back-up and the engine starting batteries checked for proper functioning. The fuel tanks shall be left filled and the oil and coolant levels topped up as necessary. The contents of the bulk tank, if provided, shall be noted.
15.4.4 Annual test
The three-monthly test (see clause 15.4.3) shall be carried out and the following additional tests made:
a) each emergency lighting installation shall be tested and inspected to ascertain compliance with this Standard (see Annex D),
b) each self-contained luminaire and/or internally illuminated sign shall be tested for its full duration,
c) at the end of the test period the supply to the normal lighting shall be restored and any indicator lamp or device checked to ensure that it is showing that the normal supply has been restored,
d) each central battery system shall be tested for its full duration,
e) at the end of the test period the supply to the normal lighting shall be restored and any indicator lamp or device checked to ensure that it is showing that the normal supply has been restored. The charging arrangements shall be checked for proper functioning,
f) each generator back-up battery, where fitted, shall be tested for its full duration,
g) at the end of the test period the system shall be restored to normal operation and th e charging arrangements for the back-up and engine-starting batteries checked for proper functioning. Any indicator lamp or device shall then be checked to ensure that it is showing that normal arrangements have been restored.
The fuel tanks shall be left filled and the oil and coolant levels topped up as necessary.
A model schedule is illustrated in Annex C.
15.4.5 Automatic Test Systems (ATS)
When automatic testing systems are used, these systems shall carry out tests to comply with I.S. EN 50172 and I.S. EN 62034.
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Annex A (normative)
Measuring illuminance of emergency lighting
All site test work shall be carried out by simulating a failure of the normal electrical supply and where practicable this shall be done using the test facilities provided.
The light meter shall be suitable for taking readings at the low illuminances involved and shall have cosine correction. It shall have a minimum range of 0,01 lux to 100 lux and sensitivity of 0,01 lux . The sensing device shall be connected to the meter by a detachable lead. It shall comply with I.S. EN 1838:1999, Annex A.2.
The measurement of the illuminance shall be made on the same plane as that used for design which shall accord with the requirements of clause 12.
The effect of stray light (e.g. street or moonlight) can be substantial and as far as practicable it shall be masked out. Where it cannot be excluded the illuminance from the emergency lighting shall be obtained by taking readings at appropriate positions inside the building with all interior lighting, including the emergency lighting, switched off. The readings so obtained shall be deducted from readings taken at the same positions with the emergency lighting switched on.
The subsequent tests shall be completed as quickly as is practicable within the rated duration. This is particularly relevant in an occupied building or one in daily use as with discharged batteries the building could have reduced emergency lighting cover for up to 24 h following the test.
For measurement of emergency lighting on clearly defined escape routes it is advisable to select for test a number of specific areas likely to have minimum illuminance. Suggested locations are:
a) half-way between luminaires especially in stair wells,
b) cr i t ical task areas,
c) where highest luminaire mounting height occurs,
d) where widest spacing of luminaires occurs,
e) changes in direction of route, and
f) at thresholds of doorways forming part of the exit route.
Tests shall not be carried out in areas where people will not normally tread, i.e. in extreme corners where a wall meets a floor or stairway.
The measurement of average illuminance, for the purposes of clause 6.3, where there is no defined escape route, tests shall be carried out over the whole of the relevant area.
In practice the illuminance over an area is seldom uniform. The interior shall therefore be theoretically divided into a number of zones, the illuminance in each zone shall be measured and the mean value calculated. The total number of measurements taken in any open space shall be not less than the total area in square metres divided by a constant value of 25, and in any case shall be not less than 4.
The results of the measurement shall be checked against design data.
The rated duration of self-contained luminaires will need to be checked individually. For a central system it is only necessary to carry out the test of luminaire, preferably that luminaire subject to the highest voltage drop.
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Annex B (informative)
Completion certificates for new installations or alterations to existing installations
B.1 Completion certificates
Completion certificates for design, installation and commissioning shall record, as a minimum, the following details:
a) the designer/installer/commissioner's company details,
b) designer's name, signature and qualification details,
c) installer's name, signature and qualification details,
d) commissioner's name, signature and qualification details,
e) a statement to the effect that the design, installation and commissioning is in accordance with I.S. 3217:2008. Any deviations from I.S. 3217:2008 shall also be recorded.
f) a statement by the designer/commissioner/installer that they are suitably qualified to carry out the work,
g) details of the premises and drawing numbers/references.
The installer shall be responsible for training the management/end user of the operation and maintenance of the emergency lighting system.
Certificates generated by the designer/installer/commissioner including the details above, are acceptable in the absence of controlled certificates being available from a central registration agency (recognised by the Fire Authorities).
When such controlled certificates are available, certificates produced by designers/installers/commissioners shall not be acceptable.
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13.2 Qualification requirements for persons designing emergency lighting systems
A person deemed qualified for designing emergency lighting systems shall comply with condition a) below or shall comply with conditions b) and c).
a) The designer shall have experience of Emergency Lighting Design and shall be a suitably qualified engineer. A suitably qualified engineer is defined as a person awarded the title of Chartered Engineer as recognised by Engineers Ireland.
b) The designer shall be experienced in Emergency Lighting Design and shall hold an appropriate engineering qualification recognised by one of the following bodies;
— Engineers Ireland,
— CIBSE (Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers),
— IFE (Institute of Fire Engineers),
— IET (Institute of Engineering and Technology).
c) Persons designing emergency lighting systems shall complete a recognised course in Em ergency Lighting Design.
Persons designing emergency lighting systems shall hold a nationally recognised qualification in Emergency Lighting Design when such a qualification exists.
A nationally recognised qualification in Emergency Lighting Design is a qualification accredited by either the Further Education and Training Awards Council (FETAC) or Higher Education and Training Awards Council (HETAC).
A moratorium of 2 years from the date of publication of this Standard shall be imposed on the condition B.2 c) for persons currently designing emergency lighting systems.
13.3 Qualifications requirements for persons installing emergency lighting systems
A person deemed qualified for installing emergency lighting systems shall comply with the Commission Decision on Electrical Safety Supervisory Criteria Document, Appendix 1, Section C published by the Commissioner for Energy Regulation on 25th April 2008.
Suitably qualified persons shall also be members of one of the following organisations;
— Electrical Contractors Safety & Standards Association (ECSSA),
— Register of Electrical Contractors in Ireland (RECI).
or a registered electrical contractor (REC) as recognised by the CER.
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B.4 Qualification requirements for persons commissioning, inspecting and servicing emergency lighting systems
A person deemed qualified for commissioning, inspecting and servicing emergency lighting systems shall comply with conditions a), b) and c) below:
a) persons employed by a company manufacturing or servicing emergency lighting equipment are deemed suitably qualified,
b) suitably qualified persons shall have knowledge and experience of Emergency Lighting (design, installation, servicing and commissioning),
c) Persons commissioning, inspecting and servicing emergency lighting systems shall complete a recognised course in commissioning emergency lighting systems.
Persons commissioning, inspecting and servicing emergency lighting systems shall hold a nationally recognised qualification in commissioning emergency lighting systems when such a qualification exists,
A nationally recognised qualification in Emergency Lighting commissioning, inspecting and servicing is a qualification accredited by either the Further Education and Training Awards Council (FETAC) or Higher Education and Training Awards Council (HETAC).
A moratorium of 2 years from the date of publication of this Standard shall be imposed on the condition B.4 c) for persons currently commissioning emergency lighting systems.
B.5 Signing of emergency lighting completion certificate
No one person shall sign all three parts (Design, Installation and Commissioning) of the emergency lighting completion certificates.
This applies only to premises, new and existing, that have more than six emergency luminaires. For premises that have six emergency luminaires or less all three parts may be signed by the one person. Persons signing all three parts shall have knowledge and experience of Emergency Lighting (design, installation, servicing and commissioning) and shall meet the requirements of B.3 and B.4 c) above.
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I.S. 3217:2008
Annex C (informative)
Management/End user - Emergency lighting periodic inspection and testing certificate
This certificate shall be printed on the inspection/testing company's headed paper, clearly showing the inspection/testing company's details.
Address of premises
................................................................................................................................. Tel. no ........................................
Date of inspection and test ..........................................................................................................................................
Inspection and test carried out by ................................................................................................................................
Name and address (PRINT NAME) .............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................. Tel. no ........................................
I/We hereby certify that the emergency lighting installation at the above premises has been inspected and tested in accordance with the schedule below by me/us and to the best of my/our knowledge and belief complies at the time of my/our test with the requirements of I.S. 3217:2008 ‗‘Emergency Lighting‖, except as stated below.
Signature of person responsible for inspection and test ............................................................................................
PRINTNAME: .....................................................................................................................................
Title ..............................................................................................................................................................................
For and on behalf of ....................................................................................................................................................
Variations to I.S. 3217:2008 and /or specification (tick one): No Yes (listed as attached)
NOTE It is the owner's responsibility to ensure that the person carrying out the inspection is competent and suitably qualified and meets the criteria for commissioning emergency lighting as detailed in B.4 of I.S. 3217:2008.
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I.S. 3217:2008
SCHEULE TO EMERGENCY LIGHTING PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TEST CERTIFICATION
Results of inspection and tests: Delete as Applicable
a) Are correct entries made in the log book? YES/NO
b) Are record drawings available? YES/NO
c) Are record drawings correct? YES/NO
d) S i g n s :
1) Are the signs correctly positioned? YES/NO
2) Are details of the signs correct? YES/NO
e) Luminaires: Are luminaires correctly positioned? YES/NO
f) Illumination for safe movement:
1) Are the correct lamps installed in the luminaires? YES/NO
2) Is the installation in a generally satisfactory condition? YES/NO
g) Marking:
1) Is the category and nominal operating voltage of the system clearly marked or readily identifiable? YES/NO
2) Is information available to ensure correct battery and lamp replacement? YES/NO
h) Central battery systems including backup batteries:
1) Are the charging arrangements for secondary batteries satisfactory? YES/NO
2) Do changeover devices operate satisfactorily upon simulation of failure of the normal supply? YES/NO
3) After operation for the rated duration:
i) Do all luminaires operate? YES/NO
ii) Are all signs illuminated and visible? YES/NO
iii) Following the restoration of the system to normal, is the battery charger functioning? YES/NO
iv) Are the levels and the specific gravities of the battery electrolytes satisfactory, where applicable? YES/NO
i) Engine driven generating plant:
After a period of operation of at least 1 h:
1) Do all luminaires and operate? YES/NO
2) Are all signs illuminated and visible? YES/NO
3) Does the back-up battery where installed operate satisfactorily? (See (h) above) YES/NO
4) Following the restoration of the system to normal:
i) Is the battery charger for the engine starter battery functioning? YES/NO
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ii) Are the levels and the specific gravities of the battery electrolytes satisfactory? YES/NO
iii) Are the fuel coolant and lubricating oil levels correct? YES/NO
j) Self-contained luminaires and signs:
After operation for the 3h duration:
1) Does each self-contained luminaire and sign operate? YES/NO
2) Following restoration of the system to normal supply is the battery charger functioning? YES/NO
Comment and variation from the Standard:
Owing to the possibility of a failure of the supply to the normal lighting occurring shortly after a period of testing all tests shall be undertaken at times of minimum risk. Alternatively, suitable temporary arrangements shall be made until the batteries have been recharged.
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I.S. 3217:2008
Annex D (informative)
Model schedule of three-monthly maintenance to be carried out by or on behalf of the Management/End user
a) Check that defects recorded in the log book have been corrected.
b) Clean the exterior of luminaires and signs.
c) Check correct operation of luminaires and internally illuminated signs by operating the test facility (See clause 8.3).
d) Check level of electrolyte in batteries of central battery.
e) Check that all indicator lamps are functioning.
f) Record data in the log book (See clause 10.3).
NOTE In installations where an engine driven generator forms part of the Emergency Lighting System, it is th e responsibility of the management to carry out a three monthly maintenance program. This work should be carried out by a representative of the manufacturer/supplier of this equipment or a suitable qualified person(s).
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I.S. 3217:2008
Annex E (normative)
Emergency lighting in different types of premises
E.1 Health care establishments
E.1.1 Hospitals and clinics
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
Emergency lighting shall be provided in each ward and bedroom, in all bathrooms and shower rooms, in all toilets and communal areas, in all treatment areas, in nurses‘ stations and over wheelchair access areas (ramps etc.).
The level of illuminance to provide sufficient ease of movement throughout the premises shall be a minimum of 1 lux on the centre line of a clearly defined escape route. In areas involving critical medical tasks, an illuminance level equal to that of the normal lighting is recommended. This shall be powered from a central battery or static inverter system and shall be capable of providing emergency lighting for at least three hours on general mains failure.
Emergency lighting shall be provided at external assembly points and on all external routes to these points.
When providing emergency lighting for specialist rooms, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging room, care shall be taken to ensure proper consultation with the suppliers of the medical equipment installed.
Generating systems that are not capable of being placed on load within 5 s as required in clause 4.5, shall be supplemented by a battery system which shall operate for at least three hours.
E.1.2 Nursing homes
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
Emergency lighting shall be provided in each ward and bedroom, in all bathrooms and shower rooms, in all toilets and communal areas, in all treatment areas, in nurses‘ stations and over wheelchair access areas (ramps etc.).
The level of illuminance to provide sufficient ease of movement throughout the premises shall be a minimum of 1 lux on the centre line of a clearly defined escape route.
Emergency lighting shall be provided at external assembly points and on all external routes to these points.
E.2 Multi-storey dwelling
EXAMPLE Apartments.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
The areas in these premises that shall require emergency lighting are; all escape routes, staircases, lifts and lift shafts where communal facilities are provided and all areas referred to in clause 7.5.
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E.3 Hotels, guest houses and similar premises
EXAMPLES Hotels, guest houses, residential schools, colleges and similar premises.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
Any bedroom space of 30 m2 or more shall be provided with emergency escape lighting.
E.4 Offices
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
In large office areas, escape route signs shall be clearly and unambiguously identified from any point in the room.
E.5 Shops
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
Escape routes shall be clearly and unambiguously identified from any point of the premises. In larger premises where there is a greater volume of people, it is recommended that the minimum luminance shall be 1 lux.
E.6 Factories and warehouses and industrial premises for storage of goods and materials
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
In certain industrial processes where on mains failure a generating system is used, if the generator is not capable of being placed on full load within 5 s, a supplementary battery system shall be used to operate for at least three hours.
Exit signs which define the escape routes shall be clearly visible. For any high-risk task areas, refer to I.S. EN 1838:1999, clause 4.4.
Where there are designated assembly points within the compound, emergency lighting should be provided.
In mounting the luminaires in areas with high ceilings, care should be taken that they are not placed so high that they could be obscured by smoke.
E.7 Leisure centres
EXAMPLES Sports stadia, gymnasia, fitness centres.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas. Refer also to E.15.
E.8 Places of assembly ‘A’ – Swimming pools
EXAMPLES Use as a sports hall, gymnasium, indoor bowling alley, indoor games court, stadium, sports pavilion, skating rink, riding school, grandstand, funfair, amusement arcade, swimming baths, enclosed premises at a zoo.
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I.S. 3217:2008
Swimming pools, because of the nature of their use, constitute a particular hazard. The minimum level of illuminance in the pool area and along the circulation routes around the pool shall be not less than 5 lux.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non-maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
E.9 Places of assembly ’B’ – Non-residential premises
E.9.1 Non-residential premises for teaching, training and research
EXAMPLE Use as a school, college, technical institute, laboratory, or similar premises other than those covered by E.1.1.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
For hazardous areas such as workshops, laboratories, domestic workshops and kitchens, refer to E.14.
E.9.2 Non-residential public premises
EXAMPLE Use as a city hall, public library, art gallery, museum, court house, building for public worship, fire station, Garda station, passenger station or terminal.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
E.10 Places of assembly ‘C’
EXAMPLES Use as a theatre, cinema, radio and television studio to which the public are admitted, concert hall, exhibition
hall, meeting hall, public house, restaurants, café, canteen, dance hall, ballroom, nightclub, casino and bingo hall.
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs.
A non-maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used for concert halls, exhibition halls, meeting halls, public houses, restaurants, cafés, canteens, casino halls and bingo halls.
A maintained system shall be used for nightclubs, ballrooms and dance halls.
In areas where the general lighting may be required to be dimmed, under no circumstances shall the escape route signs be dimmed.
E.11 Enclosed shopping malls and circulation areas
For enclosed shopping malls and circulation areas, emergency lighting with a minimum luminance level of 1 lux shall be provided in order to avoid panic when discharging large numbers of people to safety along the extensive escape routes. A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non-maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas.
E.12 Covered car parks
A combined or maintained system shall be used for all escape route signs, and a non -maintained or switched-maintained system shall be used in all other areas. The normal pedestrian escape routes from covered car parks shall be easily identifiable and shall be provided with emergency escape lighting.
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E.13 Mixed-user premises
Where any premises fall into more than one of the broad classes of E.1 to E.12, the whole premises shall be treated in accordance with the most stringent of the applicable requirements.
E.14 Commercial kitchens
Working areas such as commercial kitchens and food preparation areas shall be treated as high-risk task areas as defined in I.S. EN 1838:1999, clause 4.4.
E.1 5 Persons with disabilities
The Building Regulations - Technical Guidance Document M addresses access and facilities for the disabled. The design engineer shall take cognisance of persons with disabilities when designing an emergency lighting system. Reference points shall be:
a ) r a m p s ,
b ) designated refuge area within the building and escape stairwells (also known as Fire Service Access Routes),
c ) f inal exit discharge point,
d ) external assembly point,
e ) disabled toilets and showers,
f ) escape facilities (at the top of each landing).
NOTE BS 8300, 'Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people - code of practice' should be considered.
E.16 Building sites
These requirements apply to all types of Temporary Accommodation Units (T.A.U.) and areas of the project under construction covered by temporary lighting. Emergency lighting shall form part of the temporary lighting system installation.
If there is a need for lighting in the project under construction then there is a need for emergency lighting.
A non maintained or switched-maintained system with a combined or maintained system for exit route signs shall be used.
Projects under construction are dynamic environments often changing on a daily basis. The project supervisor construction stage, in consultation with the project supervisor design process, shall appoint a competent person with responsibility for the emergency lighting system. This person will have authority to make the necessary changes to the system as required e.g. as escape routes are altered, as areas under construction are extended etc. In addition the person responsible for the emergency lighting system will make arrangements for the inspection, testing, repairs as may be necessary and the keeping of records.
The emergency lighting luminaires shall be suitable for the intended use.
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Bibliography
[1] Commission Decision on Electrical Safety Supervisory Criteria Document, published by the Commissioner for Energy Regulation
[2] BS 8300:2005, Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people - code of practice
[3] BS 5266-1:2005, Emergency lighting - part 1: code of practice for the emergency lighting of premises
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GIVEN under the seal of the National Standards Authority of Ireland
This 3rd day of November, 2008
L. S.
Enda McDonnell
Director of Standards
Maurice Buckley
Chief Executive
The Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment hereby gives her consent under Section 16 of the National Standards Authority of Ireland Act, 1996 to the above declaration.
Helen Curley
4-11-2008
An Officer of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment duly authorised under Section 15 (4) of the Ministers and Secretaries Act, 1924, to authenticate instruments (under the National Standards Authority of Ireland Act, 1996) made by the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment.
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