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है”ह”ह

IS 6774 (2006): Classification of essential oil-bearingaromatic plants [PCD 18: Natural and Synthetic FragranceMaterials]

IS 6774:2006

Indian Standard

CLASSIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL-BEARING

AROMATIC PLANTS

(First Revision)

ICS 71.100.70

(3 BIS 2006

BUREAU OF INDIAN ST AN DA”RDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

April 2006 Price Group 7

Natural and Synthetic Fragrance Materials Sectional Committee, PCD 18

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by theNatural and Synthetic Fragrance Materials Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal andRelated Products Division ‘Council.

This standard was first published inprevalent international practices.

Information has been covered on the

. .

1972. This revision is carried out to update the classification in line with

proper identity of the basic plant material, yield of essential oil, harvestingseason and such other relevant data of interest to producers, consumers and the trade. This standard tabulatesavailable data on these and other important aspects considered useful for optimum and economic production andutilization of essential oils fi-om aromatic plant material.

This standard, of necessity, does not include information on all essential oil-bearing plants but only those which areat present considered important from economic point of view.

Since among other data, the essential oils are of major interest to the users of this standard, these have been listed inalphabetical order in Table 1, co] 2.

A number of Indian Standards on natural essential oils are available and a few more are at different stages ofpreparation. Table 1, co] 5 gives information regarding the current publication of Indian Standards for essential oil.This column necessarily is subject to modification and/or supplementation, whenever an old standard is revised or anew one is published.

... .

1S 6774:2006

Indian Standard

CLASSIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL-BEARING

AROMATIC PLANTS

(First Revision)

1 SCOPE

This standard covers classification of aromatic plantsused for the production of essential oils, which are atpresent of interest to the Indian Perfumery Industry. Itprovides information in Table 1, on the botanical identityof the essential oil-bearing aromatic plants, their patternof availability, habitats, economic stage of growth, andharvesting seasons; parts of the plants used for processing,method of processing and yields of essential oils; existenceof Indian Standards and important uses of the plantmaterials and/or oils.

2 REFERENCES

The following standards contain provisions, whichthrough reference in the text, constitute provisions ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All standards are subject to revisionand parties to agreements based on this standard areencouraged to investigate the possibility of applying themost recent editions of the standards indicated below:

IS No. Title

327:1991 Oil of lemongrass — Specification(second revision)

328:1992 Oil of eucalyptus globules —Specification (second revision)

329:1993 Oil of sandalwood — Specification(second revision)

512:1988 Specification for oil of citronella (.Iava)(second revision)

526:1988 Specification for oil of palma rosa(second revision)

IS No.

528:1999

533:1998

587:1997

761:1988

1177:1996

1615:1996

3146:1991

3147:1992

3398:2003

4403:1979

6597:2001

Title

Oil of mentha aarvensis —Specification first revision)

Gum spirit of turpentine (oil ofturpentine) (second revision)

Oil of geranium — Specification (third

revision)

Specification for oil of ginger @rstrevision)

Oil of vetiver (cultivated and khus) —Specification (second revision)

Oil of himalayan cedar wood —Specification (second revision)

Oil of celery seed — Specification ~rst

revision)

Oil of dill seed — Specification @st,., ,revision)

Oil of patchouli — Specification (@revision)

Specification for AJOWAIN (first

revision)

Glossary of terms relating to fragranceand flavour industry

15068:2001 Oil of cardamom (Ellettariacardamomum maton) — Specification

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, definitions given in1S 6597 shall apply.

Table 1 Classification of Essential Oil-Bearing Plant Materials(Foreword and C[ause 1)

SI Essential Oil Botanical Identi@ Part(s) of Indian Habitat Pattern ofNo.

Economic Harvesting Processingof Plant Plant Used Standard Availability Stage of Season

Plant

(1)Growth

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

1. Agarwood Aquilaria

maiaccensls Lam,

syn. A. agallocha

Roxb. (Thymelaea-

ceae)

2. Ajowain Trachyspermum

ammi (Linn.)Sprague ex Turril

N syn. Carumctipttcum BenthexHiern. (Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

3. Anise Pimpinella arusum

L. (Apiaceae)

Wood Eastern Himalayas,Bhutan, parts ofWest Bengal, and

particularly Assamon the hill forests of

Khasia, Garo, Naga,Cachar and Sylhet

Fruit Is 4403 Cultivated as rabtcrop in Indian plains

Fruit

4. Bellary leaf Neoiiisea cass~a L. LeafKosterrn (Lauraceae)

5. Bergamot Citrus aurantiumLinn. subspbergamia (Risso &Poit) Wigbt and AM.(Rutaceae)

Fruit

— Native of Greeceand Egypt, also

cultivated in China,Vietnam, Russia and

Europe

— Forests of Western

Ghats, the Nilgirisand other parts ofSouth India also inAustralia

— Calabria (Italy) inalluviti soil, rarely inIndia

Indigenous Usually 50 to All round the Chips are soaked60 years old year in water for 4.-5

trees infested days, then

with fungus groudded to small

pieces, futiher

soaked in waterfor 2 days and

steam-distilled

Indigenous Mature fruits, Aprd Streamfresh and air- distillationdried

Imported

Indigenous

Imported

4 months

after sowingseeds

Mature

1j40 yearsold treeswhen theyield of oil ismaximum

Early spring do

Meld of Uses/RemarksEssential Oil,

Percent

(i]) (12)

0.09-2.19

4.0-6.0 of

oilcontaining4j-55percentthymol

2-3

Wood stem-

carrninative,

aphrodisiac; ATTARis highly priced in

perfumev industry

Fruit, used as

stomach-carminative in colicand flatulence etc:the od IS a source ofnatural thymol

Mainly in flavoursfor dentifrices,

liquors, etc

All round the Steam distillation 0,05 -o.z2 ‘Theoil has a sweetyear and fractionation sharp odour

under retiuced resembling unripepressure mangoes

December to Expression About O 5 [n pefiumery andNlareh when cosmeticsthe fmitapproachesmaturity

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) [9) (10) (11) (1.?)

6. Boise de a) Antba rosaeodora

Rose Ducke var.

amazonica

(Lauraceae)

b) Aniba parv[j70raMez (Lauraceae)

c) Ocotea caudataMez syn. Llcaria

gurunensrs Aubl.(Laoraceae)

d) Protnimaltiss[mzim March(Burseraceae)

w7. Caiarnus. AcOrus ca[umus

Sweet flag Lirrn. (Araceae)

8, Cananga Cananga odorala

(ylang (Lam.) Hook. f. &

ylang) Thorns

(Annonaceae)

9. Caraway a) Carum car-viLinn. (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae)

(aboutl kgper tree)

Wood Brazil, French, Imported 10- I5 yeah April-.lulyGuiana

Steam distillation 0.7-1.2 In the isolation ofold trees with linalool; in soapsabout 30 cm and fine pertlancsdiameter

— Brazil . — —

— Guiana — —

— — Tropical ,imerlca

Rhizomes Throughout Indld inmarshes, at theslopes of Himalayasat I 500 m heights

Flowers — First introduced in

India m 1797, it isnolv occasionally

planted in gardens

Fresh fruits Cultivated mainly inforeign countries,found in small

, patches in Kashmii

— —

Indigenous

indigenous

Mainlyimported

Mature inabout a year,1X tonne of

dry rhizomesper acre

After thetrees are

about fouryears old.

Only mature,yellowflowers

15 monthsafter sowingin coldregions

Flowers are

collectedabout dawn,

during warman sunnyweather.

Should bedistilled soon

aftercollection

Morninghours of

sunny days

—

—

—

—

—

Steam distillation 1,5-3.5 Emetic, used in

dyspepsia and colic.oil used intlavouring hquorsand perfumes

do 0.4-2.~5 Used for the finestand high class

perfumery

preparations and

cosmetics. Cheapergrades used in soapmaking. May also

be used as a fixative

do 3-7

*

Oil and carvonemm

separated from it are 2used in medicine as A

stomachic and. .

carminative; also s

z

Table 1 (Contirzue~

SI Essential Oil Botanical Identity Part(s) of Indian Habitat Pattern of Economic Harvesting ProcessingNo.

Yteld of Uses/Remarks

of Plant Plant Used Standard Availability Stage of Season Essential Oil,Plant Percent

(1)Growth

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

A

10.

11.

12.

Cardamom

CedarwoodHimalayan

Celery seed

b) Bunium perslcum

Fedts. syn.Carum

bulbocastanum

Clarke non-Koch(Black Caraway)(Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

Elettaria

cardamomum Ivtaton(Zingiberaceae)

Cedrus deo~ara

(Roxb,) Loud.(Pinaceae)

Apium graveolens

Linn. (Apiaceae/

Seeds (andtubers)

Fruit

Sawdustchips &

fresh woodshavings

Seeds anddry fruits

—

1S 15068

IS 1615

IS 3146

Kashmir eastward toGarhwal andICumaon at1 500-3000 mheights; Baluchistan

and Afghanistan

Grows a.. plantmainly in Kerala.Tarnil Nadu andKamataka

NorthwestHimalayas from

Kashmir to Garhwal(1 800-3000m)

Seasonal rabi crop,cultivated mainly in

Mainlyindigenous

Indigenous

Indigenous

Exotic,

cultivated in

When most June toof the fruit is Octobermature

Green fruit Malabm —August to

January;Mysore —August to

April

On maturity Throughoutof tbe tree the yearwhen there is

fulldevelopment

of heartwood

When the When fruits

seeds are ripe are fully ripe

used in perfumeryand toiletpreparations and in

the flavoring offood products, such

as sausage, picklesand confectionery,

as well as liquors

Steam distillation About 2 As spice and as

carminative inindigenousmedicines. Also toprotect woolen clothagainst insect pests

do

do

do

3-7 For flavoring cur-ries, cakes, bread,

liquors and other

culinary purposes.In medicine used as

carminative

1.5-2.5 As an ingredient in

deodorants and insoap perfumes

2-3 from Seeds and seed oil

dry fruits as cordial carmi-

w

(1) (2) (3)

.

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

Umbelliferae) the Punjab plains India (8-9 months) and shade natwe, and diuretic:

dried used in bronchitis,

asthma and for liverand spleen disorder.Also as flavoring

agent and as aningredient in

perfumes

13, Cinnarnombark Cirrrranromum verum Stem-bark —Presl syn.

C. zeylanicum 13i.

(Lauraceae)

14. C mnamom leaf Ci17natnomum verum LeavesPresl syn.

C. :ey[anicum B1.(Lauraceae)

15. Citronella Cymbopogon nardus Leaves(Ceylon) (L.) Rendle var.

nardus syn..4ndropopon

nurdus L. (Poaceae/

Gramineae)

16. Citronella

(Java)

17. Clove tree

CymbopogonWm/er/anus Jowitt

syn, Andropogon

nardus auct, non

Lintt. (Poaceae /Gramineae)

Sy2ygium

aromaticum (Linn. )Merr. & L. M. Perrysyn, Eugenia

—

Native of Ceylon, Indigenous Fully Rainy season

cultivated in India developed

shoots when1.2-2.5 mhigh

Wild in Ceylon, Indigenous 3 years atier Just beforecultivated in South planting leaves areIndia fully mature

IS 512 Locally calledIenabatu, Batu andPana Pengiri formscultivated on a large

scale in Ceylon. Alsoin Seychelles, Java

and Tanganikyas.Also cultivated inIndia

Leaves IS 512 indigenous inTaiwan, and

hrddnesia. Alsocultivated in India

Flower bud — Native of Moluccas

stem, leaf cultivated in Southand roots India

Imported

andindigenousproductionalso

Largelyimported,

smallindigenousproduction

Imported

do 0.2-1.0 Flavoring agent infoodstuffs, also in

perfumes andmedicine

do 0,5-I.O A source ofeugenol

X MOISthS 1 hmu~hcrut Steam dtstfllatlonatter planting the year of partially dried

grass

-. -. .0.22-0.85 As ingredient uf

soap perfhne: alsoas a mosquito

repellant

After 2-5 Thrice a year Water and steam

years of distillation ofplanting partially dried

gass

Trees above 8 Janua~ and Steam distillationyears old July

0.5- 1.2 .4s a source of

gemniol and

citronella. Alsoused as such inperfumery

aBuds 14- Dried clove buds 323; stem, used in confec- &

leaf and tionery and spice. ~

roots 4-6 Oil in medicine and ~“.

Table 1 (Continued Ea.I-s&

SI Essential Oil Botanical Identity Part(s) of Indian

. .

Habitat Pattern of Economic Harvesting ProcessingNo.

Yield of Uses/Remarks zof Plant Plant Used Standard Availability Stage of Season Essential Oil, o

mPlant Percent

(1) (2) (3)Growth

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

18.

19.

m

catyophyllata

Thunb. (Myrtaceae)

Coriander Corlandrum sainmm

Linn. (Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

Costus roots Suussurea costus(Falc.) Lipsch. syn.S lappa Sch. -Bip.(Asteraceae/Composite)

20. Cumin

21.

Cummurn cyrnurum

L. (Apiaceae/

Umbell iferae)

Davaoa Artemma pa[lens

Wail. ex DC.

(Asteraceae/

Composite)

Fruits Cultivated - Indigenouscommercially inIndia

Roots Found wild in IndigenousWestern Himalayasat2000–4000mheight. Cultivated inChamba, Lahul,

Spiti and Pangiregions of HimachalPradesh

Fruits Cultivated in India Indigenous

Leaves and Seasonal winter crop IndigenousFlowers cultivated in Mysore,

Andhra, lvladr~ andKerala

Mature fruits Mainly Jan- Steam distillation 0.15-0.25uary-Aprd

3-4 years old During do 06-0,28plant Autumn

months (Sep-Oct) whenaerial parksbegin to diedown

Mainly

January -April

Mature fruit

Ten weeks Late autumnafter

transplantingwhen a fewflowers are

filly openand othersare in buds

do

do

3.0-7.0

0.15-0.5from air dry

herb

perfumery; is asource of eugenol

for conversion intohigh grade vanillin

Flavoring agent infood stutfs

Roots as tonic, andcamrinative, also mskin disease andrheumatism. Oil-

aromatic, used on asmall scale inperfumery; burnt asincense in Buddhist

temple

Flavoring of the

food products, and

confect ionery

ln high grade

perfume

.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (j) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

22. Dill a) Anethum

grave olens

(Linn.)vx.submqinatirn

Leiune et

Courtois(Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

b) Arrethum soItJa

Roxb. (Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

23. Dill Seeds a) Anethum

grave o[ens

(European dill)Lion. var.

submarg[t?atlm~

Leiune etCourtois(Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

b) Anethutn SOJVO

(Indian dill)Roxb. (Apiaceae/

Umbelliferae)

24. Eucalyptus a) Euculyptas

citriodora Hook.

(Myrtaceae)

b) Eucalyptus

globulus Lab ill.(Myrtaceae)

Fresh leaves

Fresh leaves

Seeds/fruits

Seeds/fruits

Leaves

Leaves

European dill isunder experimental

cultivation

Is 3147 Indian dill cultivated

throughout the

country

— European dill is

under experimentalcultivation

[s 3147 India dill cultivated

throughout thecountry

— Mainly in North

India. Nilgiris andMysore

IS 328 Nilgiris(l 520-

2530 m) Annamalaiand Pahri Hillsonsmall scale. Shimla(HP)(1 220-2140 m) adShillong Hills :(Assam) NE

Imported Three months Herbs at do Fresh herb - Largely as a foodafier sowing fruiting stage 0.062 to 1.5 Flavour in Europeof seed depending and America

upon thestage ofmaturity

Indigenous — —

Imported When the Sutimer Steam distillation 3.0-3.5 Oil from the seeds

seeds are just carminative, usefulmatured and in flatulence of

green children. An ingred-ient of gripe waterand ddl waters

Indigenous Three months Summer

after sowingof seed

lnrported: Atier three

also years of

introduced planting

in India;indigenous

Introduced When the

in India plant is about8 years old

Three clip-ings a year

dependingupon theclimate

Throughout

the yearexceptingwinter when

the oilcontent islow

do 0.062 to For food tlavouring

1.500 in Europe and

depending Amertca

upon thestage ofmaturt ty

do 0.5-2.0 in perfumery Also a

source ofcitronellal

do 0.9-1.2 In medicine,perfume~ and forisolation of cineole

G6++a. .

Tablel (Continued)

SI Essential Oil Botanical Identity Part(s) of Indian Habitat Pattern of Economic Harvesting Processing Yield of lises/RemarksNo. of Plant Plant Used Standard Availability Stage of Season Essential Oil,

Plant Percent

(1)Growth

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

25. Garlic Album sativum L. Bulbs Cultivated in India Indigenous

(Liliaceae)

Steam distillation 0.1-0.2 Fla\,oring agent for

meat preparations,

soups, canned

goods and table

sauces

Mature bulbs Whter

season

Just beforethe planttlowers

When the

leaf stemtLILilS @]OW

When the

plant is infull bloom

(October -December)

April-May

and Octbber-November

The bestyield and

26. Geranium Palargonium

grave olens L.‘Herit ex Aiton’

(Geraniaceae)

Leaves IS 587 Native of East Largely,Africa, cultivated in imported.India small

indigenousproduction

2nd year ofgrowth

Fully matureRhizomes

Fltwering

stage beforeseeding

2nd yearonwards

1-15 years ofplantation

Water distillation 0.15-0.20 Perfumery and toilet

goods

w2-1. Ginger Zmgiber offlcmale Rhizomes B 76 I Widely cultwated m Indigenous

Rose. India

(Zingiberaceae)

Steam distillation Driedrhizomes -I .5-3.0:air dry

scrapings -about 0.8

Rhizome as camli-native and tlavour-ing agent: oil

marketed in Europefor food Flavours

and stirnuiatin~remedies

28. Ginger grass Cymbopogon Upper leaves IS 526 Grows wild mainly

martinil (Roxb.) and in Madhya Pradesh,

Wats. var. sojia Rdwermg Andhra Pradesh,

(Poaceae/ tops Maharashtra and

Gramineae) Mysore

Water and steam 0.15-040distillation

Oil as an ingredient

of soap perfumedo

Steamdistillation 0.01-0,02 In perfumery and fordyeing the hair

Lawsonia inermis Leaves — Cultivated

(L.) syn. L. alba (L.) throughout India

(Lythraceae)

do29. Hina

Entleurage or 0.22-0.26solvent extraction

In perfumery.Blends very wellpractically with any

30. Jasmine Jasminum ofjcinale Flo&er — Cultivated

L. var. grandlflorum throughout India

(L. ) Kobuski,

do

quality of or steam

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

Jasminium sambac perfume is(Oleaceae) obtained

from flowers

collectedearly in themorning

distillation floral scent, Ieadmgto smoothness and

elegance

31. Kasturi Manjal Curcuma aromatica Rhizomes — Wild throughout do

(Turmeric wild) Salisb. Indiz cultivated

(Zingiberaceae) chiefly in Bengal andKerala

— When the

leaves start

browning

Steam distillation About 6.0 Tonic and camli-native: externally

applied in

combination withastringents

32. Kewda Pcrndanus

fasciculur,s Linn.(Pandanaceae)

Flowers — Grows mainly inmarshy places.Cultivated in Orissawhich accounts for

90 percent of Indianproduction

do Mature July-Octoberplants

do 01-03 Kewda. Attar and

Kewda water arepopular on festiveoccasions such asmarriages

m

33. Lavender Lavandu[a august-

(French) /folia Mi 1.officlrralis Chaixand vera DC.(Lamiaceae/

Labiatae)

During fullbloom in 4th/5th year of

growth

August.

October

Fresh

blossomingtips

Native of Imported

Meditemanean indigenous

region, South France also

and Italy. Alsocultivated in India

Water and steam 0,7-0,9 In perfumery and

distillation soap industry

—

34. Lavandin Lavandula hybrids

Rever then

(Lamiaceae/

Labiatae)

Fresh

blossomingtips

South France Imported When theplants are inM bloom

August- Water distillation

September

0.5-1.0 Perfumery and spap

industry

35. Lemon Citrus limon (L.)Burro. fsyn. Citrus

rnedica Linn. var.Iimonrmr

Citrus IimonumRisso (Rutaceae)

Fresh rind ofthe nearly

ripe fruits

— India, Sicily, Mainly

California. Calabria. importedSpain Brazil and

Argentina

Winter and ExpressionSummer

Economicfruiting

commencesin 6th year

0.3-0.6 In perfumery and

soap industry

N

Water and steam 0.25-0.50 tnperfumery, soaps ~a

36. Lemoh-grass Cymbopogon Leaves and Is 327 Wild growth as well Indigenous 2nd and 3rd ARer

Table 1 (Continued)

s] Essential Oil Botanical Identity Part(s) of Indian HabitatNo. of Plant Plant LJsed Standard

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Pattern of Economic Harvesting Processing Yield of Uses/RemarksAvailability Stage of Season Essential Oil,

Plant Percent

Growth

(7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

jlexuosus (Ness LX

Steud). Wats.(Poaceae/Gramineae)

flouer[og as cultivatedtops commercially

year ofplanting

(fresh)

0.20-0.48

Air dryhosk – 10-

14

3.0-5.8

0.5-1.0

and cosmetics, and

as a rdw material in

chemical industry

maturity at

the end of

May andthen every35 or40

days tillNovember /

December

distdlation

37. Lime C’/trus at/rurrf!jio//a Skin ot’the

(Christm.) Swsyn. fru]t

C. medico var aclda

Hook. f. (Rutaceac)

Cultivated mamly InSouth lodia

Indlgenoos

EMtlc;

cukivated

Aprd-.August Cold expresslunand steamdistillation

4-5 years ofgrowthmature fruits

Unripe fruit asdigestive. to!iicappetizer Oil main-ly used in confect-ionery, pharma-

ceuticals. and toiletpreparations

Bdrsera38. Linaloe Berries Husk oftbe Native of Mexico,berries under small scale

cultivation in Iodia

Folly ripeberries

Maturebemiesproducedanouallyfrom a plant

of 6-7 yearsage and

onwards

Water and steam

distillationIn high gradeperfumery.

cosmetics arid soapdelpechiana Poiss,ex Engl.(Burseraceae)

39. Mullilam ihrtho~hmn Fruit

lirrronell/a (Dennst)A1ston. syn.Z rhetsa (Roxb.) DC(Rutaceae)

Mainly in Mysore,Keraia. Kashmir and

Fruiting When the

fruits arefully ripe

Steam distillation Fruit-aromatic,

astringent, stomachstimulant prescribedin dyspepsia. In

perfumery

Meghalaya

40. Nagarmo-tha or Cyperus scariosus Rhizome

Cyperus R. Br (Cyperaceae)Common in dampplaces and in crop

do One year of All round the do Tubers-aromatic,cordial; oil-aromaticgrowth when year

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

fields in Bengal the tubers areformed

and in perfumery

41. Nutmeg Myrtsticafiagrans FruitHoutt.

(Myristicaceae)

Mainly found inIndonesia and WestIndies. Cultivation isconfined to gardens

of the Nilgiris,Kerala, Andhra

Pradesh and West

Bengal

Exotic Trees bearcultivated fruits from

7th year; full

bearing at 20to 30 years

Fruiting all

the year

round

At the timeof flowering

do

Wheneverthere is a

good flush ofleaves

do

Low pressure

steam distillationNutmeg 5-16, Mace 4-15

0.3-0.5

0.38-0.7

About 0.1

03-0.7

0.018-0.050

1,6-2.5

Use in toiletpreparations,

medicinal products,

flavoring essences,

chewing gums, etc

—

42. Ocimom a) Ocimum Leaves.hast[!cum L. stalks and(Lamiaceae / tlov, erirrgLabiatae) tops

Cultivatedoccasionally ingardcrrs (indigenousto Punjab)

Wild

Indigenous Afler oneyear

Steam distillation

and rectificationin vacuum

As a flavoringagent

b) 0. anrericanum doL. (Lamlaceae/Labiatae)

do

do

do do In soap perfumesand cosmet]cs

Cultivatedc) 0. grakwmum L. do(Lamiaceae/

Labidtae)

do do Expectorant and

antiseptic

d) 0. sanctum L.

(Lamiaceae/Labiatae)

do do do do do Expectorant andantiseptic

43. OriionA[lnmr cepa L. Bulb(Liliaceae)

Cultivated in India do Mature bulbs Winter

seasonSteam distillation Flavourmg of meats

sausages, soups

table sauces andother culinarypreparations

44. Orange bitter Citrus awarrtium L. Peel of tiuit Mainly in Andhra Imported Mature fruits June to earlyssp. amara Linn. Pradesh (lctober(Rutaceae)

do A valuable adjunctG

in the flavourirrg of ~beverages, confec- :tionery, and baked &

goods; also used in “~perfumes, toilet o

0m

Table 1 (Cdntinued)

SI Essential Oil Botanical Identity Part(s) of Indian Habitat Pattern of Economic Harvesting ProcessingN

Yield of Uses/Remarks ~, 0. of Plant Plant Used Standard Availability Stage of Season Essential Oil, g

Plant Percent

(1) (2) (3) (4)Growth

(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

waters and

cosmetics

45.

46.

OrangeMandarin

(Loose skinned)

Orange (sweet)

Citrus rellculata

Blanco (Rutaceae)

C/o-us .sirretrsis(L.)Osbeck (Rutaceae)

Whole fruit — Mostly cultivated in

and peels Assam, MP. Punjab

and Coorg (Mysore),also in Sikkim

Rind of fruit — Mainly in NorthIndia, Andhra

Pradesh andMaharashtra

47. Pahnarosa Cymbopogon Upper two- [S 526

martirri (Roxb. ) thirds of theWats. var mo(ia plant(Poaceae/

Grarnineae)

48. Patchouli Pogostemon cablin Leaves IS 3398Benth. syn. R

patclrozdi Pellet. var.suaws Hook.(Lamiaceac/Labiatae)

Grows wild mMadhya Pradesh.Maharashtra, Andbra

Pradesh and Mysore.Also cultivated

Indigenous Mature fruits November- Expression (cold About O.I

December pressed)

do do Mainly Steam distillation 0.11-0.58November- on wholeMarch fruit

do At full bloom Flowering Water and steam 1,22-1.50

stage distillation (dry weight)

0.25-0.30(fresh)

Grown in !ndonesia Imported 1-3 years of Twice a year

and Malay$ia. and growth before the

Cultivated in India indigenous leaves turn

also brown

do 3.0-3.5

49. Pepper Piper nigrum Linn. Fruits(Piperaceae)

Malabar is the Indigenous Mature fruits December- Steam distillation 1-3.5

original home March

Fruit-laxative.

aphrodisiac,

astringent, tonicrelieves vomiting

Flavoring agent forfood products; alsoemployed inpharmaceutical andoral preparations inorder to convertobjectionableodours; also used inperfumes, and toiletpreparations

In perfumery, soap

and cosmeticindustry. AISCIfor

industrial isolation

of geraniol

For high gradeperfumery,cosmetics and soaps

For tlavouring offoodstuffs and

beverages

(1) (2) ($ (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

50

51

Source of menthol;used in medicines,

toiletries andcosmetics

When theplants are inflowers

When the

plantis inflowers

3 to4 timesper year

Early hoursof morningin March

August-Septemberafterflowering

Mature tree

do 0.4-0.5Peppermint a) A4entha ar+errsis

L. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae)

Whole aerial IS 528 Cultivated in India

plant

Indigenous

Mainlyimported

Imported

4 months

after planting

dob) A4entha piperita

Linn. (Larniaceae/

Labiatae)

Whole aerial — Native of

plant Mediterraneasr

countries. Introducedin India in Kashmir,

Uttar Pradesh andNiIgiris

ARer firstyear ofplanting

0.2-0.4 [n medicines as acarminative; alsoused to flavour

pharmaceuticals and

oral preparations

Leaves and — Paraguay, also Brazil

twigs and South Europe

4 years after

pldnting

0.25-0.50

Steam distillation 0.01-0.03soon after

Perfumery, colognes

and for soapsPetitgrain Citrus aurantium L,

var. bigardia Wath(Rutaceae)

do

Flowers — Commerciallycultivated mainly inUP

In high gradeperfumes largely forflavoring softdrinks, alcoholic

liquors and tobacco,

particularly snuffand chewingtobacco. Also usedin lotions and eyewashes

52. Rose Rosa damascena

Mill. (Rosaceae)15 monthsafter startingcultivationbut themaximumnumber offlowers are

obtained tillthe 4th or the

5th year.CaretWymaintainedplantations

remainproductive

up to 40years

w

53.

54.

Rosemary Rosmarinus

oficinalls Linn,(Lamiaceae /Labiatae)

Leaves, — Native of

twigs and Mediterraneanflowering countries cultivated

tops in India also

Imported

andindigenous

Indigenous

Harvesting

every thirdyear

Water and steam 0.4-0.8distillation

Pertiumery and soapindustry, flavoringfood and inmedicine

Heartwood IS 329 Grows wild inMysore, Andhra

Sandal-wood Santalum album

Linn. (SantaIaceae)

After till

developmentSteam distillation 4.5-6.0 High grade

perfumery and

~] Essential Oil Botanical IdentityNo. of Plant

(1) (2) (3)

Part(s) of Indian Habitat Pattern of Economic Harvesting Processing Yield of [Jscs/RemarhsN

Plant Used Standard Availability Stage of Season Essential Oil, zm

Plant Percent

Growth(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

55.

56.

57.

Spearmint Mentha spicata L

(Lamiaceae)

Spike Lavender Lcrvarrdsda laitfo[ia

Madic. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae)

Tomarseed Zantho@um

acanthopodmm DC(Rutaceae)

Pradesh, Madras.

and Mabarrrshtra.Also cultivated

Stem and Mainly USA; Also [reportedleaves cultivated in China and

and India indigenous

Flowenrrg Temperate counries do

tops bordering \VcsternMediter-ranean

Fruit Sub-tropical Indigenous

Himalayas from

58. Turpentine Plrrus ro.xburghi! CXeoresin of 1S 533

Sargent and other tree

Pinus Spp. exudation

(Pinaceae)

59. Vetiver Ikiweria :tzanioldes Roots

(cultivated) (Linn.) Nash

Kumaon to Slkkim(OP to 3000 mheight) and KhasiaI-Iills from 1000 to

2000 m height

Outer HimalayanRanges from hrdusto Bhutan

(450-2 300 m) and P

Hrasiana) in EasternHimalayas

of hearhvood cosmetics

4 months When Steam distillation 0.3-0.4 Flavour for

after planting tloJ~ering deoifrices and

chewing gum

After Augus[- Water and stemn (}.88-1 10 t’erhmx~ and soapflowering September distillation industry

Mature fruits Steam dist!ltation 1,5-1.6 Fro it ascarminative. oil asaromat!c

do Ahoot 30 cm March-in diameter November

and above150 cm in

height

do 18-19 oil. Oil as source of acontain 40 large number ofu&~ industrialpinene chemicals,

perfumerycompounds andisolates. Resin in

solder flux, soapsand paints andvarnishes

IS 1177 Cultivated Indigenous 8-19 months October- Water distillation 0.18- 1.0 M perfumery and

throughout India, old plants December flavoring agents

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (s) (9) (lo) (11) (12)

(Poaceae/ mostlv m South

Gramineae) India

60. Vetiver (Khus) Jb(/veria zizanioides Roots IS 1177 Grows wild in North do 15-19 DV period

(Linn.) Nash India and utilized months old

(Poaceae/ commercially in plants

Gramioeae) Bharatpur

(RaJasthan)

do 0.3-0.5 do

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