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IS 9269 (1990): Evaluation of pressure drop versus flowcharacteristics of hydraulic filter elements and filters -Method of test [PGD 16: Fluid Power]

IS 9269 : 1990

lndiarz Standard EVALUATION OF PRESSURE DROP VERSUS FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRAULIC

FILTER ELEMENTS AND FILTERS- METHOD OF TEST

( First Revision )

UDC 66’067’37 : 621’22 : 532’55

8 BlS 1991

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

FebrUUrJ, 199 1 Price Group 2

Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems Sectional Committee, PE 15

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 6 June 1990, after the draft finalized by the Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems Sectional Committee had been approved by the Production Engineering Division Council.

In oil hydraulic fluid power system, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within an enclosed circuit in which filters maintain fluid cleanliness by removing insoluble contaminants. The filter element is a porous device which performs the actual process of filteration.

This standard was first published in 1979. This revision has been taken up to bring the standard in line with the IS0 standard.

In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from IS0 3968-1981 ‘Hydraulic fluid power - Filters - Evaluation of pressure drop versus flow characteristics’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ).

The accuracy of measurement parameters differ from that specified in 1SO. Till such time the good calibration procedures and equipments exist as infrastructure, coarser grades ( that is Class B ) have been adopted.

This standard is one of the series of standards relating to the method of test far verifying the various characteristics of oil hydraulic filter element, the other Indian Standards are:

IS 8383 : 1977 Method of test for fabrication integrity of oil hydraulic filter elements

IS 8384 : 1977 Method of test for collapse burst resistance of oil hydraulic filter elements

IS 8385 : 1977 Method of test for material compatibility of hydraulic filter elements

IS 8386 : 1977 Method of end load test for oil hydraulic filter elements IS 8532 : 1977 Method of test for flow fatigue characteristics of oil hydraulic filter elements

Hydraulic fluid power - Contamination analysis - Method for reporting analysis data is one useful Indian Standard ( under preparation ) on contamination appearing in oil hydraulic used in oil hydraulic fluid power system.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

IS 9269 :1990

Indian Standard

EVALUATION OF PRESSURE DROP VERSUS FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRAULIC

FILTER ELEMENTS AND FILTERS- METHOD OF TEST ( First Revision )

1 SCOPE

1.1 This Indian Standard specifies a method of test for verifying pressure drop versus flow characteristics of filter elements and filters for oil hydraulic fluid power systems.

2 REFERENCES

2.1 The following lndian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard:

IS No. Title

7513 : 1974 Graphical symbols for fluid power systems

10416 : 1982 Glossary of terms relating to fluid power

3 DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the defini- tions given in 1s 10416 : 1982 shall apply and symbols as given in IS 75 13 : 1974 shall apply in addition to the following:

qv = flow rate

pr &pa = the inlet and outlet pressures of the filter

Ap = difference between pl and pa

4 TEST EQUIPMENT

4.1 Test Stand ( see Fig. 1 )

NOTE - Ap gauge shown can be used as alternate to using gauges p1 ,and pz.

4.2 The pump with test rig shall be of flow rate equal to or greater than maximum flow rate required to pass through the test filter.

4.3 The pump delivery pressure shall be just adequate to push test fluid through rig.

4.4 The necessary instrumentation shall be suitable as to maintain +5 percent accuracy for flow, +-3 percent accuracy for pressure and f 10 percent accuracy for temperature.

4.5 A clean-up filter with a higher efficiency of particle removal than the filter/filter element under test shall be used so that there can be no increase in pressure drop across the test unit due to partial blocking. The clean up filter shall be capable of passing the maximum flow rate of the filter/filter element under test.

I

4.6 Test fluid and its viscosity shall be as recommended by the filter manufacturer.

4.7 Mounting of Filter ( see Fig. 1 )

The filter shall be mounted in the test rig in the manner in which it is normally to be used. Union(s) to connect the filter shall be of correct size(s). Pipes between the filter and the pressure measuring points shall be of the same internal diameters as the unions.

5 TEST PROCEDURE

5.1 Pressure Drop Versus Flow Rate

Set the flow rate qv at the filter rated flow and allow to run for several minutes. Bleed the system as necessary to minimize the air entrained in the entire circuit. After initial running and bleeding, increase the flow and take readings of pr and p2 for increasing values of qv in at least ten equal increments From zero to a minimum of 1‘2 times the filter rated flow. Repeat the pro- cedure for decreasing values of qv. Take the average of the ascending and decending set of results. Calculate and record Ap.

5.2 Integral Bypass Valve

Obtain the following three sets of data for pressure drop versus flow rate when the filter under test has an integral bypass valve:

a) With the bypass valve and filter element free to operate;

b) With the bypass valve fixed in its closed position; and

c) With the element blocked and the bypass valve free to operate.

The test with blocked element and valve free to operate (c) gives the leakage rate of the valve up to the Ap at which the valve opens. Beyond this point, the value measured is the flow rate Ap for the valve. The down stream connection to the filter may be disconnected to allow precise measurement of valve leakage rate by means of a calibrated measuring cylinder. Record the leakage rate on the final results graph at 25 percent, 50 percent and 75 percent of the pressure differential at which the valve opens (see Fig. 2).

IS 9269 : 1990

FIG. 1

A =TEST FILTER

B’CLEAN UP FILTER

C-AIR BREATHER FILTER

TEST STAND

(25 “lo

1.6 .

0.6

API

0.L

API 0.2

oy- ’ 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 10 20 30 LO 50 60 70 80

FLOW RATE [/min

FIG. 2 GRAPH BETWEEN FLOW RATE VERSUS PKESSUKE DROP

2

IS 9269 : 1990

5.3 Filter Housing

When it is required to know the pressure drop versus flow rate characteristics of the filter housing, repeat the test by the method given in 5.1 with the filter element removed from the filter housing. If the complete removal of the filter element from the filter housing may give rise to cyclonic or other unusual flow conditions, use a substitute element giving an insignificant pressure drop. Use a substitue element such that the flow path is maintained identical, as nearly as is practicable. to that of the actual element but with a large open area as compared to the actual filter element to minimize viscous pressure drop. Provide details of the substitute element with the results.

5.4 Rig Correction

Subtract a correction from the values of up obtained from the test specified in 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 to allow for the pressure differential of the portions of the test rig between the pressure measuring points. Remove the filter, or filter housing, from the test rig. Join the two unions

Table 1 Typical

used to connect it in such a way that they are in concentric contact.

NOTE - A convenient -way of joining externally threaded unions of equal size is to use a short length of internally threaded pipe. A specially prepared con- nector is necessary for unions of unequal size of a special pattern. Obtain a further set of pressure drop versus flow rate data for this assembly and record.

For any given flow rate, the true pressure drop is obtained by substracting the value of Ap measurEd in 5.4 from the values of Ap measured in 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3.

5.5 Filter Element

True pressure drop of filter element ( Apa) can be obtained by subtracting true pressure drop of filter housing ( Apn ) from true pressure drop of filter housing with element ( Aps).

-6 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

Present the results as shown in the Table 1. Plot the results as true values of p against qv as shown in Fig. 2. State clearly any deviation from the specified method.

Reporting Method

( Clause 6 and Fig. 2 )

Testing establishment. . . . . . ..___.._..._ Date Test _...... __.._.__._._.._____.....~ . . ..___..... Test No. ._________...___..___.... Filter description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._.___.___..___._...................................................... Manufacturer’s recommended rated flow _________________._................................................................................. Umin Integral by- Free Locked Free to operate

pass valve ._............._......_.......... None _....._.___.__.... to operate. .closed . . .._.._.... (element blocked)___._____________ Substitute element (description) .- Not used ________.___..__.____...__._____________ __~__~__________._._.__, Class of standard of measurement A _____.....__....__... B .__.__.. . ..__.._____________

Test fluid :

__- -

Flow-f

Make and type ..__. ..__ .._ __ __.._.__.... _ ___.___, Test temperature . _. . . . . _...... __ __, __._ .“C Density at test Kinematic viscosity

temperature ____.___..._...................... kg/m’ at test temperature .__.... _. . . _. ._ _. mm%* -7

-

Filter Complete Filter Housing Only Rig Correction Addi- tional Data

b::*

kqf;a

.I ---

Tem- perature

“C I% “1

kPa

Tem- perature

“C

Tem- perature

“C

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

_ -

-.

-.

-

-

0’2 qv ___-

0’4 qv

0‘6 qv

0’ 8 q\’

1’0 qv

1.2 qv

1’0 qv

0.8 qv

.-

. . 0 6 qv

0’4 qv

0’2 qv -

*1 mma/s=lO-B m2/s=l cSt

tThe flow values are suggestions - the values of the flow may be modified in accordance with the requirements of test procedure (see 8 ).

$1 bar = 100 kPa = 106N/m3

3

I

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I I

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Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BI-S giving the following reference:

Dot : No. PE 15 (5102)

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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