is development and spreadsheets ii
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IS Development and Spreadsheets II. Lecture 9, April 10, 2003 Mr. Greg Vogl Management Information Systems I Uganda Martyrs University. Overview. IS Development Systems Development Life Cycle, Process Description of individual stages Spreadsheets II Copying formulas and filling cells - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IS Development and Spreadsheets II
Lecture 9, April 10, 2003Mr. Greg Vogl
Management Information Systems I
Uganda Martyrs University
April 10, 2003 MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II
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Overview
1. IS DevelopmentA. Systems Development Life Cycle,
ProcessB. Description of individual stages
2. Spreadsheets IIA. Copying formulas and filling cellsB. Relative and absolute addressesC. Linking worksheetsD. Functions
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1A. System Life CycleMeyer Table 9.1a
Life Cycle Stages Key Tasks
Preliminary design Identify system development goals
Detailed design Design specific components
Fabrication, assembly, integration, test
Putting it all together
Production and customer support
Using the system
Termination and disposal Retiring the system
April 10, 2003 MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II
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Systems Development Life Cycle
Meyer Fig. 9.2b
Identify problems and opportunities
Analyse and document existing system
Design the system Implement the system Support the system
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Lifecycle MethodologyLaudon & Laudon Fig. 12.1
Stages End Products
Project definition Project proposal report
Systems study System proposal report
Design Design specifications
Programming Program specs, code
Installation Performance tests
Post-implementation Audit
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Systems Development Life Cycle
from UMU MSc IS Notes
Planning and Selection Analysis Design Implementation and Operation
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System Development Process
Laudon & Laudon Fig. 11.5
Systems analysis Systems design Programming Testing Conversion Production and maintenance
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1B. Systems Analysis
Describe existing users, hard/software Define problems, limitations and causes Identify new opportunities for using IT Specify solutions; choose the best ones
Build new IS or improve existing ones Develop project plan Perform feasibility study Establish information requirements
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Structure of an IS Planfrom Laudon & Laudon Table 11.1
Purpose, overview Strategic business plan, goals Current systems, capabilities, problems New developments, capabilities, needs Management strategy, milestones Implementation plans, progress reports Budget requirements
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Feasibility Studies
Can a proposed solution really work? Consider both resources and constraints
Technical feasibility Hardware, software, technical resources
Economic feasibility Cost/benefit analysis, return on investment
Operational feasibility Can it work within the existing
organisation
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Analysis Terminology
Critical success factors Goals that ensure organisational
success Enterprise analysis
Analyse organisational info. requirements
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More Terminology
Automation Use computer to improve task performance
Business re-engineering Radically redesign business processes
Work flow management More efficiently move business documents
Total quality management Everyone in org. is responsible for quality
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Systems Design
Blueprint, plan or model of structure Logical design
Abstract, general, business Physical design
Concrete, specific, technical Driven by user info. requirements
Users should be involved in design process
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Systems Development
Structured design and programming Flowcharts, data flow diagrams Object-oriented software development Computer-aided software engineering
Prototyping Small-scale working version of system
Rapid Application Development Ways to develop systems very quickly
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Testing
Verify that desired results are produced Test plan specifies which tests are needed
Unit testing Test each program unit separately
System testing Test system as a whole if it works together
Acceptance testing Final tests that the system is acceptable
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Conversion
Changing from old system to new one conversion plan, user and technical documents
Parallel strategy Old and new system both used for a time
Direct cutover strategy Old system entirely replaced with new
Pilot study strategy New system introduced in limited area
Phased approach strategy Introduce in new system in stages
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Enter a formula For one cell use copy/paste. For many: Using menus
Select cells below/to right Click Edit, Fill Down/Right
Using mouse Move to fill handle in lower right corner Cursor becomes black +, drag down/right
2A. Excel: Copying Formulas
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Fill Series
Enter first number in series Select cells to fill (below/to right) Click Edit, Fill, Series
Rows or Columns Type (Linear, Growth, Date, AutoFill) Date (Day, Weekday, Month, Year) Step value, stop value, trend
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2B. Relative vs. Absolute Cell Addresses
Relative cell addresses Changes when copied to another cell Used in most cases e.g. range of cells Indicated by no dollar sign (e.g. B2)
Absolute cell addresses One fixed cell, no change when copied Useful for a single number that can
vary Indicated by dollar sign (e.g. $A$2)
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Example: Relative vs. AbsoluteA B C
1 VAT % Amount VAT
2 20 % UGX 100,000
=$A$2*B2
3 UGX 200,000
=$A$2*B3
A B C
1 VAT % Amount VAT
2 20 % UGX 100,000
UGX 20,000
3 UGX 200,000
UGX 40,000
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2C. Linking Worksheets
To refer to cells on another worksheet sheet(s)!cell(s)
Examples =Jan!B2
displays value of cell B2 on sheet Jan =sum(Jan!B2:D2)
adds cells B2 through D2 on sheet Jan =sum(Jan:Mar!B2)
adds cells B2 on sheets Jan through Mar
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2D. Mathematical Functions
+, -, *, /: arithmetic operators sum: addition of two or more cells product: multiplication of cells sin, cos, tan, asin, pi: trigonometry exp, ln, power, sqrt:
logs/exponentials int, floor, ceiling, round: rounding
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Logical Functions
=if(condition,”value1”,”value2”) Example: =if(Grade>=60,”pass”,”fail”)
=and(condition1,condition2,…) Example: =and(H8>0,H8<100)
=or(condition1,condition2,…) Example:
=or(C7=”Kenya”,C7=”Uganda”) =not(condition)
Example: =not(isblank(G7))
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Statistical Functions
average: mean (of selected cells) stdev: standard deviation from mean median: middle number mode: most frequent number max, min: largest, smallest number count: number of selected cells forecast, growth, trend: predict
future
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Financial Functions
pmt, ppmt, ipmt, ispmt: loan payments
rate: interest rate per period irr, mirr: internal rate of returns db, ddb, vdb, sln, syd:
depreciation of assets pv, fv, npv:
present/future value of investments nper: number of investment periods