is it time to...? kansas state university ward upham
TRANSCRIPT
Is It Time To...?
Kansas State University
Ward Upham
Preventing Common Horticulture Plant Problems
Kansas State University
Ward Upham
Is It Time To:Control Henbit and Other Winter Annuals
Henbit
Is It Time To:Spray for Henbit and Other Winter Annuals
Chickweed
Winter Annual Control
▪Use 2,4-D ,Trimec, Weed-B-Gon, Weed Free Zone
▪Best to spray in fall
Henbit Chickweed
Winter Annual Control
▪Best to spray in fall
▪If spray early in spring, use combination product such as Trimec, Weed-B-Gon, Speed Zone, or Weed Free Zone
▪Spraying as late as mid-April or later is usually a waste of time and money
Is It Time To:Fertilize Cool-Season Grasses
Cool-Season Grasses
▪Tall Fescue & Kentucky Bluegrass
Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass
When to Fertilize Cool-Season Grasses
▪September▸Most important fertilization of year▸Use 1 pound nitrogen (N) per 1000 square feet▸Quick-release OK
▪November▸Second most important fertilization ▸Use 1 pound N per 1000 square feet▸Quick-release OK
▪May▸Optional; use if irrigate, apply 1 pound of N per 1000 square
feet▸Use fertilizer with at least 1/4 N as slow-release
Is It Time To:
Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses
Warm-Season Grasses
▪Bermudagrass, Zoysiagrass and Buffalograss
BermudagrassZoysiagrassBuffalograss
When to Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses▪1 pound nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year▸May be all that buffalo and zoysia need; too much on
zoysia and thatch builds up
▸Some people never fertilize buffalo or zoysia
▸Apply once in June
▪2 pounds nitrogen per 1000 square per year▸Apply May and July with 1 pound each app
▸Maximum amount for buffalo and zoysia but minimum amount for bermuda
▪3 pounds nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year▸Apply May, June and early August
Is It Time To:Seed Cool-Season Lawns
Better to Seed in the Fall Rather than Spring
▪Warmer soils and turf comes up faster
▪Less competition from weeds
▪More time to become established before the heat stress of summer
If You Weren’t Able to Seed in the Fall▪Consider Dormant Seeding if have areas to
thicken up▸Seed from December through mid-March▸Must have good seed-soil contact
–Rake in with hand rake–Use slit-seeder–Verticut and then seed–Core aerate and seed
▪Seed as early in spring as possible▸ Leave ground bare if you can do so without erosion ▸Can use Tupersan to control crabgrass▸May have to redo in fall
Is It Time To:
▪Look for darker “hot spots”. Often have purplish tinge.
▪Best to allow turf to undergo some stress early in season.
▪Attempt to apply 3/4 to 1 inch of water each time you irrigate.
Water the Lawn
Is It Time To:
▪Blades should be sharpened about every 10 hours
▪Sharp blades cut cleaner, quicker and require less energy
Sharpen Mower Blades
Is It Time To:
▪Leaves swollen, distorted and have reddish hue.
Treat for Peach Leaf Curl
Peach Leaf Curl
▪Single fungicide application will control.▪Must apply in fall after leaf drop or early spring
before bud swell.▪Use chlorothalonil (Daconil), liquid lime sulfur or
Bordeaux mixture.
Is It Time To:
Treat for Cedar-Apple Rust
Cedar-Apple RustHost Plants
▪Junipers
▪Apples or crabapples
Cedar-Apple RustBackground
▪Must have both plants present for disease to occur. However, juniper removal is usually not practical as all junipers within ½ to 2 miles of apples would have to be eliminated.
▪Juniper - though disease unsightly on juniper, will generally not cause serious damage.
▪Apple - can cause premature defoliation and thereby weaken tree.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves.
▪Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf.
▪Leaves with numerous spots drop during the summer. This stresses the tree and reduces fruit set and yield the following year.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves.
▪Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf.
▪Leaves with numerous spots drop during the summer. This stresses the tree and reduces fruit set and yield the following year.
▪New leaves are formed if defoliation is severe enough.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Juniper
▪Produces reddish-brown galls on twigs of junipers that are ½ to 2 inches in diameter.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Juniper
▪In April, galls swell and produce orange, one- inch long tendrils in a gelatinous mass during wet weather.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Juniper
▪It takes two years for galls to develop. Galls only produce spores the second year.
Cedar-Apple RustRecommendations for Crabapple
▪Best control on crabapples is to plant resistant varieties.
▪Varieties resistant to both scab and rust include:▸Donald Wyman▸Bob White▸Golden Raindrops▸Prairiefire▸Red Jewel
Cedar-Apple RustSpray Recommendations for Apples & Crabs
▪First spray should be applied when orange tendrils on junipers appear. (Early April)
▪Repeat applications as long as juniper galls remain active. (late May)
▪Triadimefon (Bayleton, Green Light Fung-Away) or myclobutanil (Immunox)
▪Immunox labeled for both apples and crabapples and for both rust and scab
Cedar-Apple RustSpray Recommendations for Junipers
▪Rarely sprayed because disease normally does not cause serious damage to junipers.
▪If spray, apply three to four fungicide applications sprayed at 10-day intervals, beginning in early July.
▪Can use Bordeaux mixture, ferbam, and Bayleton.
▪Because galls take two years to develop, will not notice benefit until the second year.
Is It Time To:
Treat for Sphaeropsis Tip Blight
Sphaeropsis Tip Blight
▪Austrian, Ponderosa, Scotch, and Mugo
▪Most severe on mature (30 years or older) Austrian pines.
Sphaeropsis Tip BlightSymptoms
▪In late May or early June, new developing shoots fail to elongate properly and turn yellow or tan.
▪Small droplets of resin often form on the stunted needles.
▪Needles tend to remain attached to the tree.
▪Repeated infections can cause death of entire branches.
Sphaeropsis Tip BlightControl Recommendations
▪Two to three applications of fungicide needed.
▪Apply first about the third week in April just as new buds are elongating.
▪Following sprays spaced at 10 - 14 day intervals.
▪Removal of dead shoots may help but will not give complete control since disease carried on cones.
▪Use coppers (Bordeaux, Tenn-Cop) or thiophanate (Fungo, Cleary’s 3336).
Is It Time To:
Treat for Sycamore Anthracnose
Sycamore Anthracnose
▪Young leaves may wither and turn black.▪Older leaves may have brown areas that follow
the major veins of the leaf.
Anthracnose on SycamoreRecommendations
▪Usually chemical controls unnecessary as tree will releaf.
▪If want to control disease, use thiophanate-methyl (Cleary’s, Fungo), mancozeb, fixed coppers, or Bordeaux mixture.
▪Sometimes, professional arborists use a September injection of a fungicide such as Arbotect to protect sycamore trees that have a history of anthracnose. Inject 2 consecutive years.
Is It Time To:
Treat for Bagworms
Bagworms
▪Junipers and arbovitae are favorites
▪Can also attack other ornamental shrubs, shade, and forest trees.
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Bags look like Christmas ornaments.
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Bags look like Christmas ornaments.
▪Young bagworms hatch in May in Kansas.
Larva
May 22
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Bags look like Christmas ornaments.
▪Young bagworms hatch in May in Kansas.
▪Bagworms spin silken bags around themselves.
July 7
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Female is wingless and never leaves the bag. Male is a small, gray, clear-winged moth that resembles a wasp.
Female Bagworm Male Bagworm
BagwormsDamage
▪Feed on foliage of host plant.
▪Often damage is not noticed until bagworm so large that it is hard to control.
BagwormsControl Recommendations
▪Small infestations can be picked off by hand.
▪Wait at least a week after seeing first larvae appear before spraying to allow complete emergence of insects.
▪Can use acephate (Systemic Insect Control), malathion, or permethrin (numerous trade names) for control.
Is It Time to:Do Something About Pine Wilt
▪Most severe on Scotch pine
▪Also reported on Austrian and white pines
Pine WiltSymptoms
▪Trees wilt and die rapidly
▪Needles turn brown and remain attached to tree
▪Trees have reduced resin production. Twigs are brittle and dry and site of branch removal does not produce resin
▪Symptoms usually appear from August through December
Pine WiltControl Recommendations
▪First, confirm disease if it is rare in your area by sending branch sample at least 2 inches in diameter to K-State Diagnostic Lab ($10 fee)
▪Cannot save infected trees
▪Help prevent spread to nearby trees by removing infected trees to ground level.