is there a fungus among us?. the kingdom fungi fungi are not plants, they are eukaryotic (have...
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Is there a Fungus among us?
The Kingdom Fungi
• Fungi are not plants, they are eukaryotic (have nucleus) heterotrophs (rely on other organisms for food) that have cell walls.
• Fungus = one• Fungi = more than one
Fact:• One of the largest living organisms on earth
belongs to the Fungi kingdom. A large honey mushroom patch, originating from a single spore, grows in the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon. The mushroom, Armillaria ostoyae, lives three feet underground is estimated to cover 2,200 acres. After testing samples from various locations, scientists say it is all one organism. The fungus is 3.5 miles across and takes up 1,665 football fields. Experts estimate that the giant mushroom is at least 2,400 years old. It is about 38 acres in size and is estimated to weigh more than 100 tons, about as much as a blue whale!
How do they eat with no mouth?
• They do not ingest their food. They digest food outside of their bodies and absorb it. Many absorb nutrients from decaying matter or live as parasites.
Parts of a Fungus
• HyphaeHyphae--thin one-thin one-cell thin filaments cell thin filaments that run that run throughout the throughout the fungus, fungus, spreading and spreading and branching as the branching as the fungus grows; fungus grows;
Parts of a Fungus• MyceliumMycelium –tangled mass of –tangled mass of
hyphae: releases digestive hyphae: releases digestive enzymes and absorbs enzymes and absorbs
foodfood
• Fruiting body-Fruiting body- reproductive reproductive structurestructure, , ex. the cap of ex. the cap of a mushrooma mushroom
ReproductionFungus can reproduce both sexually
and asexually• Asexual – two kinds
– produce spores – a piece of hyphae can break off and
grow a new fungus• Sexual – two hyphae of opposite
sex(+ and -) fuse their nuclei and create genetic diversity
The evil hand produces a cloud of spores.
Asex
Sex
Four Fungus groups
• Common mold – Zygomycota
• Sac fungi – Ascomycota
• Club fungi – Basidiomycota
• Imperfect fungi - Deuteromycota
Common Molds
• Have two kinds of hyphae:– Rhizoids – root like,
anchor fungus, release digestive enzymes
– Stolons – stem like, have sporangiophores which can contain up to 40,000 spores
•Phylum zygomycota
Ex. Bread mold•Life cycle includeszygospore (a resting spore that contains zygotes – sex cells)
Common mold structure
Sac Fungi
• Ascus – sac like structure that contains spores, part of fruiting body
• Produce tiny spores, which are produced by budding,called conidia, formed in conidiophores
• Yeast – single celled organisms produced by budding
Phylum Ascomycota ex. Yeast, cup fungi
Sac Fungus Life Cycle
Club Fungi•Phylum Basidiomycota
•Ex. Grocery store mushroom
Basidium – found on gills under cap of mushroom, spores found here
Club Fungus Parts
Base
Imperfect Fungus
• Composed of fungi that do not fit in any other phylum, because we have never been able to see the sexual phase of their life cycle.
• Ex. Penicillium – source of antibiotic penicillin
Phylum Deueteromycota
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Lichen
• Symbiotic(2 organisms living together)- a union between fungus and algae . The algae provide nutrients while the fungus protects them from the elements. The result is a new organism distinctly different from its component species.
•lichen can dissolve rock, survive severe cold, and remain dormant for long periods without harm.
Lichen
• Algae: provides food by photosynthesis
• Fungus: shelter and hold in moisture
True or False?
People began eating mushrooms only a century ago.
False
• Although mushrooms have been cultivated commercially in the U.S. for about a century, they've been considered a delicacy since ancient times. In fact, Romans fed this "food of the gods" to soldiers before battle.
True or False?
•Mushrooms have no nutritional value
.
False
•They contain essential amino acids, potassium, some B vitamins and some minerals.
True or False?
•Mushrooms are low in calories.
True
True or False?
•Poisonous species of mushrooms look different from edible ones.
False
•They may look almost identical.
True or False?
•Mushrooms do not undergo photosynthesis.
True
True or False?
•Fungus can travel at a greater acceleration than any other living thing.
True, kind a• One species, a Pilobolus, releases its
spores via a “water cannon” at a force of 180,000 g’s. A top roller coaster has an acceleration of 8-10 g’s.
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