A N S C H U T Z M E D I C A L C A M P U S

C O L L A B O R A T I N G T O C O N Q U E R C A N C E R

S P R I N G 2 0 1 5

12: I CAN FOCUS ON THE

SUN SHINING

16: CLOSING THE GAPS

10: Q&A WITH NEIL BOX, PhD

11: C3 MD RAJEEV VIBHAKAR

18: SUPPORTER FOCUS ON

PAUL SANDOVAL

NATURAL CUREI S T H E R E A

F O R C A N C E R ?

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

2

Why are older people at higher risk for developing

cancer? Prevailing opinion holds that, over time, your

body’s cells accumulate DNA damage and that eventu-

ally this damage catches up with the body in a way that

causes cancer. A CU study published in the journal Aging

shows that this prevailing opinion is incomplete. In addi-

tion to DNA damage, cancer depends on the slow deg-

radation of tissue that surrounds cancer cells, something

that naturally comes with aging.

“It’s really all about natural selection and survival of the

fittest,” says James DeGregori, PhD. “When you’re young,

healthy cells are optimized to the surrounding tissue –

they’re the ‘fittest.’ At that point, any mutation that affects

function makes a cell less fit, so cells with mutations,

even cancer-causing mutations, are out-competed by the

young, fit, healthy cells. But when the tissue landscape

changes with aging, healthy cells may no longer be optimized to their surroundings. In this aged landscape,

mutations may actually make certain cells better, allowing them to out-compete the normal cells and form

tumors. That’s why older people get cancer.”

YOUNG COLON CANCER PATIENT FINDS HOPE AT CU CANCER CENTER

MUTATIONS NEED HELP FROM AGING TISSUE TO CAUSE LEUKEMIA

CU Cancer Center and the

Colorado School of Public Health

have partnered to hire an associ-

ate director for cancer prevention

and control. Cathy J. Bradley,

PhD, comes to CU from Virginia

Commonwealth University where

she is associate director at VCU’s

Massey Cancer Center, chair of

the university’s Department of

Healthcare Policy and Research

and interim chair of the Department of Social

and Behavioral Health.

Bradley is a health economist specializing in

cancer, with more than 100 articles published

in peer-reviewed journals. Much of her recent

work focuses on finding and fixing gaps in

cancer care affecting underserved and minority

populations. She also has pioneered research

addressing cancer and its effect on employment.

Bradley will be a key member of the CU Cancer

Center’s executive leadership team, as well as a

professor in the Department of Health Systems,

Management and Policy at Colorado School of

Public Health.

“Dr. Bradley is an outstanding scholar and I

am very pleased she will be leading our faculty

and students in this important area of science,”

said David Goff, MD, PhD, dean of the Colorado

School of Public Health. “We look forward to her

contributions to our school, CU Cancer Center,

and CU Anschutz.”

N3WS

BRADLEY

CO

UR

TES

Y O

F K

ATY

DA

VEN

PO

RT

THIN

KS

TOC

K

CATHY B RADLEY, PhD, NAM E D ASSOCIATE D I R ECTOR FOR PR EVE NTION & CONTROL

Get more CU Cancer Center

news on our blog:

www.coloradocancerblogs.org

Sign up for our bimonthly newsletter,

Colorado Cancer News.

At 34 years old, with long blonde hair, a fit physique, and an overwhelmingly positive attitude, Katy

Davenport hardly looks like someone who is fighting cancer. Yet after noticing some blood in her stool,

a precautionary colonoscopy discovered a tumor.

“When we went in we honestly thought it would be nothing,” Katy says. “It was truly a shock for both

me and my husband to find out that I had a tumor, especially because there is no history of colon cancer

in my family.”

A biopsy confirmed that the tumor was malignant and on New Year’s Eve, Katy was diagnosed with

stage three colon cancer. After talking to some friends she quickly turned to the CU Cancer Center for

a second opinion. Christopher Lieu, MD, assistant professor of medical oncology at the CU School of

Medicine, became her oncologist. Her tumor was removed and Katy is optimistic about the six months

of chemotherapy that follow surgery.

“If I could give advice to not only young cancer patients, but all patients, it would be to try and keep

a good attitude and keep finding things to smile about,” she says. “Also be sure to take care of yourself

and make sure you do what you need to do.”

C3: SPRING 2015

3

Like a car’s front and back bumpers, your cell’s

chromosomes are capped by “telomeres” that

protect this genetic material against deterioration.

When telomeres break down, cells die – in many

cases, that’s a good thing, because immortal cells

cause cancer.

A study published in the journal SCIENCE by

CU Cancer Center members at the University of

Colorado at Boulder and Denver looked inside human

bladder cancer cell lines and patient genetics to show

that improper reactivation of the gene TERT repairs

telomeres long after natural degradation should have

led to cell death. The study also shows that interrupt-

ing cancer’s ability to reactivate TERT in a way that

leads to telomere repair could interrupt the growth

of many cancer types.

HOW RED WINE CAUSES…AND PREVENTS CANCER

LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS OF

E-CIGARETTES STILL UNKNOWN

FAULTY CHROMOSOME REPAIR

LEADS TO CANCER

WHOSE NUMBERS SHOULD WE USE TO CALCULATE THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS

OF TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPIES?

Although current research is limited, there is

growing concern about the long-term health

effects of e-cigarettes.

“We cannot say for sure if e-cigs have a link

to causing cancer but we do know there is much

to be clarified about them and their contents,”

says Arnold Levinson, PhD. “We don’t know

enough about what else besides nicotine is in

e-cigarette liquid and vapor. We also don’t know

what happens when a major e-cigarette ingredi-

ent, glycerin, is warmed enough to vaporize.”

The 2013 youth risk survey for Colorado

asked high school students to answer questions

about their tobacco habits. The survey revealed

that approximately 21.8 percent of high school

students have smoked one whole cigarette in

their lifetime and 15.1 percent have tried an

e-cigarette.

“It’s clear that traditional cigarettes are still

the biggest issue,” says Ashley Brooks-Russell,

assistant professor at Colorado School of Public

Health. “However e-cigs are not far behind and

their use is continuing to rise.”

Alcohol use is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer. But a

CU Cancer Center study shows that the chemical resveratrol found

in grape skins and in red wine may prevent cancer as well.

“Alcohol bombards your genes. Your body has ways to repair

this damage, but with enough alcohol eventually some damage

isn’t fixed. That’s why excessive alcohol use is a factor in head

and neck cancer. Now, resveratrol challenges these cells – the

ones with unrepaired DNA damage are killed, so they can’t go

on to cause cancer. Alcohol damages cells and resveratrol

kills damaged cells,” says Robert Sclafani, PhD, professor of

biochemistry and molecular genetics at the CU School of Medicine.

According to Sclafani, the resveratrol in red wine (and other

chemopreventive chemicals found in grape seed extract) isn’t a magic

bullet that can completely undo the cancer-causing effects of alcohol,

but by killing the most dangerous cells it may decrease the probability that

alcohol use will cause cancer.

Health economics helps insurers, health care systems, and providers make treatment decisions based on

the cost of extra “units” of health arising from a specific treatment. By calculating the cost for each year

of life or quality-adjusted year of life gained, these groups can decide whether changing treatments or

adding in a new treatment beyond the existing standard of care is “worth it.” However, while the resulting

incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) is often presented as an absolute measure upon which to base

these decisions, an opinion published by CU Cancer Center researchers D. Ross Camidge, MD, PhD,

and Adam Atherly, PhD, suggests that the consumers of these data need to be much more aware of the

assumptions underlying these calculations.

“Increasingly physicians are being presented with health economic analyses in mainstream medical

journals as a means of potentially influencing their prescribing. However, it is only when you understand the

multiple assumptions behind these calculations that you can see that they are by no means absolute truths,”

Camidge says.

“Something that might seem clear-cut from the outside really gets tricky and much less definite when

you pull it apart,” Atherly says. “The cost per unit of health that is used to determine if a drug is or isn’t used

seems like an unequivocal fact, but is often highly equivocal.”

“If we don’t address the feasibility of actually delivering these breakthroughs to patients in the real world

they will not be breakthroughs at all,” they write.

15%O F H I G H S C H O O L E R ST R I E D E - C I GA R E T T E S

THIN

KS

TOC

KFL

ICK

R/M

OR

EBYL

ESS

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

4

In April, 1971, ping pong player Glenn Cowan missed the U.S. team bus after a practice in Nagoya, Japan. A Chinese player waved him onto their waiting bus and the rest is history: In what has become known as Ping Pong Diplomacy, a delega-

tion of America’s best players toured China, where they were treated like royalty and roundly thumped in exhibition matches against unseeded Chinese athletes. After the visit, relations between the countries thawed. Nixon visited the following year. And in the late 1970s, restrictions on emigration from China were eased and Chinese relocation to the United States skyrocketed.

Unfortunately, when Chinese women moved to the United States, their chance of developing breast cancer moved as well. Women in the United States have more than five times the breast cancer risk of women in China – 101 cases per every 100,000 people compared with only 18.7 per 100,000 in China. And here is the important part: when a woman of Chinese descent moves to the United States and adopts a Western lifestyle, she adopts a Western risk of breast cancer as well. It’s not genetics. Something in the difference between life in China and life in the U.S. affects breast cancer risk.

The question is, what is it? Is it something in the Chinese diet? A feature of tradi-tional Chinese medicine? Is it air quality or social structure or the angle of the sun in China that protects Chinese women from breast cancer? More broadly, if something “natural” protects these Chinese women, could the same thing protect you against cancer…or even cure the disease?

THIN

KS

TOC

K

BY GARTH SUNDEM

Acai juice, milk thistle, green tea, resveratrol, brown rice, grape seed extract, bitter melon and more

NATURAL CUREI S T H E R E A

F O R C A N C E R ?

C3: SPRING 2015

5

GOOGLE SAYS YESAll it takes is a quick Google search to discover that the answer is a resounding yes…and that Western medicine has been hiding the truth for years. “Wasabi has powerful anti-cancer properties but can be difficult to fit into your diet,” says Dr. Oz. “Miracle cannabis oil may treat cancer,” writes SF Weekly. “Beat cancer with 35 percent hydrogen peroxide,” writes Natural News. “Carla received a death sentence in 1958, yet 54 years later she is in vibrant health, thanks to the Gerson Diet!” says the Gerson Diet website. “Frankincense oil shown to kill cancer and boost immunity,” writes someone called Dr. Eric Z, in an article that has been shared on Facebook more than 11,000 times.

“I was very excited back in the 1980s about the idea that we could find particularly potent ingredients or compounds in natural products that we could give to people as drugs and thereby reduce cancer risk. It hasn’t worked. And we have scores of failures,” says Tim Byers, MD, MPH, associate director for cancer prevention and control at University of Colorado Cancer Center. Byers recently chaired a major symposium at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research that he describes as “a post mortem on the first generation of chemo-prevention studies.”

Despite the internet’s hopeful claims, not one “natural” product has been definitively shown to treat cancer or decrease cancer risk. But Byers doesn’t see past failures as a reason to give up the search. Here are four ways researchers here and elsewhere are searching for natural products that could treat or prevent cancer:

1 . GIVE A NATURAL PRODUCT TO CANCER PATIENTS AND SEE IF IT WORKSHere’s an idea: what about giving a natural product to a group of cancer patients and seeing if it works? Believe it or not, this has been done in very controlled circumstances at the CU Cancer Center. See, in many slow-growing cases of prostate cancer, the best course of care is to watch and wait. And while watching and waiting, the reasoning went, it certainly couldn’t hurt to drink commercially available acai juice.

“Acai is a fruit rich in bioflavinoids shown to induce apoptosis in preclinical studies of prostate cancer, leukemia, and esophageal cancer,” write CU Cancer Center research-ers Elizabeth Kessler, MD, Elaine Lam, MD, and colleagues. In other words, it worked in a dish and because it is not likely to do any harm, why not give it a try?

The researchers are planning a couple more experiments this spring. In early results, of the 21 patients treated on a clinical trial, all of whom had rising PSA (a measure of growing prostate cancer) prior to entering the study, 18 patients saw the rate at which their PSA was increasing slow down. One patient who entered the trial with a PSA of 12.57 had a PSA of 2.15 after 36 weeks of acai juice. In the world of cancer research, these early results are promising but still require additional validation before acai juice can be recommended broadly.

2. GIVE A NATURAL PRODUCT TO A HUGE POPULATION AND SEE HOW MANY LATER DEVELOP CANCERIn an ideal world, here’s how a cancer prevention trial would work: You would ask 100,000 people to drink acai juice and ask 100,000 people to drink an equal quantity of water, and you would note how many people in each group got cancer. Twenty years later, if the acai group had 2,300 cases of cancer while the water group had 2,400, you might have evidence that acai prevents cancer.

Unfortunately, that’s what it takes: It may require treating 100,000 people to prevent what would otherwise have been 100 additional cases of cancer. And if there is any chance at all that acai juice has even the mildest of side-effects, it wouldn’t be ethical to treat this massive number to prevent these few cases. Does the risk outweigh the reward?

THIN

KS

TOC

K

ACAI IS A FRUIT RICH IN BIOFLAVINOIDS

SHOWN TO INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN

PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF PROSTATE

CANCER, LEUKEMIA, AND

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER.

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

6

“A great example is anti-inflammatory drugs and colon cancer risk. We did a trial and it was big enough to show beneficial effects on colon polyp development, but we also saw increases in heart attacks. Do you want to trade having fewer colon polyps for more heart attacks? Not me,” says Byers.

Many possible cancer preventions come with risk, and with human patients, the math doesn’t justify the chance. For this reason, the most successful cancer prevention trials have been trials of things that don’t actually go in your body, namely education. Or they are for things we already know are good for you, for example exercise, weight loss or a healthy diet.

3 . ASK THE COMPUTERSImagine you have 100,000 women in the United States and 100,000 women in China. What are the lifestyle differences between these women? Which lifestyle differences affect cancer risk? This is a question not even a supercomputer can answer.

“You just can’t disentangle genetics from all the cultural factors. So far our weak, feeble attempts to pull out any single agent haven’t been successful. Is it the green tea? Or differences in obesity or physical activity? Or any one of thousands of other con-founding factors?” Byers asks.

Instead, researchers are on the lookout for what are called “natural experiments” in which something specific and random happens to change a population’s behaviors. If a potato blight struck Idaho, forcing Americans to snack on fried grasshoppers instead of chips, and our rate of colorectal cancers declined immediately and dramati-cally, the natural experiment might tell us something about the health benefits of chips compared with grasshoppers. Or take natural experiments in cancer screening: Chance factors tied to health insurance access means that some people are screened and others are not, and cancer mortality tends to be lower in the screened populations (due in part to early detection).

These natural experiments can accidentally create situations in which research is possible. But to date, no convincing natural experiments have been uncovered to test the effectiveness of prevention or treatment with natural products; there has been no accidental shortage in green tea or ability for one community to eat bitter melon while a neighboring community cannot.

Tim Byers, MD, MPH, associate director for cancer prevention and control at University of Colorado Cancer Center, finds value in searching for natural products that could treat or prevent cancer.

“YOU JUST CAN’T

DISENTANGLE

GENETICS FROM

ALL THE CULTURAL

FACTORS. SO FAR

OUR WEAK, FEEBLE

ATTEMPTS TO PULL

OUT ANY SINGLE

AGENT HAVEN’T

BEEN SUCCESSFUL.”

—DR. TIM BYERS

THIN

KS

TOC

K

CA

SEY

CA

SS

C3: SPRING 2015

7

4. PICK APART THE B IOLOGYInstead of restricting the use of natural products to watch-and-wait situations, or dreaming of the day we can run a 100,000-person prevention trial, or waiting for a natural experiment to divide a population into unintentional treatment and non-treatment groups, researchers at the CU Cancer Center and elsewhere are flipping the workflow of natural cure research: Instead of working from populations backward to find the product that might fight cancer, researchers at CU are starting with promising natural products and picking apart the chemistry just like a laboratory would treat any man-made pharmaceutical.

If there is a natural cure for cancer, it may come from the laboratory of Rajesh Agarwal, PhD, professor at the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and co-leader Cancer Prevention & Control Program at the CU Cancer Center. Agarwal has built a career dissecting the molecules inside natural products such as milk thistle, grape seed extract and bitter melon.

“The whole idea here is whether there are modalities people use in their life, for different reasons, that could be useful in slowing the growth of cancer,” Agarwal says. “If we try to do a study without knowing the mechanism of how a product works, you can spend many millions of dollars and you don’t know what you’re going to get out of it. We ask if these things are good in preclinical studies in test tubes and experimental animals, then go from there.”

For example, Agarwal writes papers with titles like, “Grape seed extract targets mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III and induces oxidative and meta-bolic stress leading to cytoprotective autophagy and apoptotic death in human head and neck cancer cells” and “Silibinin inhibits aberrant lipid metabolism, proliferation and emergence of androgen-independence in prostate cancer cells via primarily targeting the sterol response element binding protein 1.”

Don’t worry. You won’t be tested on comprehension. What these papers show is Agarwal’s appreciation that it will be impossible to prove that natural products treat cancer until we can show how they treat cancer. What does grape seed extract do? It messes up the mitochondria of head and neck cancer cells. What does the chemical silibinin, derived from milk thistle, do? It keeps prostate cancers from burning fat and also from losing their dependence on androgen.

Proving these mechanisms eventually helps to make the case for clinical trials in humans to actually test these treatments. Dr. Agarwal is currently building the case for clinical trials for grape seed extract to treat the watch-and-wait situations of prostate cancer with rising PSA and also colorectal cancer in which polyps have been surgically removed.

The science is solid. Time will tell if these chemicals that work so well in the lab also work in human cancer patients.

GREEN TEA FOR BREAST CANCER?“The evidence regarding the potential benefits of tea consumption in relation to cancer is inconclusive at present,” writes the National Cancer Institute. But deep in the labora-tories of the CU Cancer Center, a pair of researchers is unearthing a very different and quite compelling story. If you’ve stuck with this admittedly difficult science article so far, stick with it a bit further. Here’s the story:

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is commonly treated with the drug tamoxifen, which restricts the cancer cell’s access to the estrogen it needs to grow and survive. But 30 percent of ER+ breast cancers do not respond to tamoxifen. Why?

THIN

KS

TOC

K

IMPOSSIBLEI T W I L L B E

T H EY T R E AT CA N C E R

T O P R O V E T H ATN AT U R A L P R O D U C T S

T R E AT C A N C E R U N T I L W E C A N

SHOW HOW

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

8

Hany Abdel-Hafiz, PhD, and Kathryn Horwitz, PhD, have part of the answer – an important difference between ER+ breast cancer cells that respond to tamoxifen and those that don’t. It’s not a genetic mutation; there’s no known difference in the genomes of resistant and sensitive cells. The answer is in something called the epigenome. The epigenome doesn’t change a cell’s genes, but it helps to decide which genes are turned on or off. If genes are blueprints, the epigenome is the general contractor that chooses how to use them. There are epigenetic changes that make ER+ breast cancers resistant to tamoxifen.

Importantly, changes in the epigenome are reversible. “If epigenetic changes create tamoxifen resistance, then it is reasonable to

suggest that reversing the epigenetic changes will restore tamoxifen sensitivity,” says Abdel-Hafiz.

Is there a switch? Could we flip breast tumors from estrogen-independent to estrogen-dependent and resensitize them to tamoxifen? We can in the lab. It takes about two cups of warm but not boiling green tea.

Abdel-Hafiz has isolated the active ingredient from a green tea extract and shown that in a tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer cell line, it resensitizes the cells to tamoxifen. In other words, a compound in green tea – comparable to drinking two cups – transforms breast cancer cells from treatment resistant to treatment sensitive ones.

“In Egypt, where I am from, people drink a great deal of dark tea. But it is prepared by five-to-ten minutes of boiling. This degrades the active ingredient,” says Abdel-Hafiz. “The Chinese and Japanese, possibly from centuries of folk knowledge, understand this. They know to prepare green tea in hot but not boiling water to maximize its health benefits. That is the way I prepared a green tea extract in the lab.”

Is 80-degree Celsius green tea the secret to the long-sought difference in breast cancer rates between the United States and China?

“There’s a long list of things that reduce risk in lab models of cancer that don’t appear to work in humans,” Byers says. “And there’s an even longer list of cancer drugs that seemed promising in the lab that didn’t pan out in people.”

But there are also reasons why many of these natural (and other) drugs haven’t proven effective.

“We discover that we have used the wrong product in the wrong population with the wrong cancer and have evaluated the wrong measure of success,” says Agarwal. He points out that after the CU Cancer Center wrote about his work with bitter melon juice last year, he has had more than 500 phone calls and emails from patients using or interested in using bitter melon with their cancers, “many of whom report their tumors are shrinking,” Agarwal says.

Chocolate is a drug. Coffee is a drug. Why not acai juice, milk thistle, green tea, resveratrol (from red wine), brown rice, grape seed extract, or bitter melon? There’s no solid science saying yes, but there’s also no absolute evidence saying no. And in the absence of answers, there is certainly hope that a natural product could prevent or treat cancer.

“For sure in my lifetime a natural substance will be proven to be a treatment or prevention for cancer,” Agarwal says.

For now, choosing to dose yourself with bitter melon or another natural product rather than following a doctor’s recommended course of cancer therapy is much more likely to be a death sentence than a cure. But in many cases, there is no harm in adding natural products in addition to your doctor’s prescribed course of therapy (consult your physician).

At the CU Cancer Center we will do more than hope – here, we continue to apply the best modern research techniques to analyze and test what are sometimes ancient medicines. The jury is still out on a natural treatment or prevention for cancer. And until there is a verdict, we will continue to gather evidence.

THIN

KS

TOC

K

CHOCOLATE IS A DRUG.

COFFEE IS A DRUG. WHY NOT

RESVERATROL, BROWN RICE,

OR BITTER MELON? THERE’S

NO SOLID SCIENCE SAYING

YES, BUT THERE’S ALSO

NO ABSOLUTE EVIDENCE

SAYING NO.

C3: SPRING 2015

9

DEC DINGCANCER

Think of your genes as the instruments in an orchestra. One gene is the cello, another is the

flute, and another the French horn. Now imagine the orchestra of your genes in a recording

studio. “Epigenetics” is the name of the sound engineer who turns up and down these instru-

ments to decide the balance of the recording. Unfortunately, the result of faulty epigenetics

goes beyond cacophony and into cancer. There are a handful of existing drugs that work to

rebalance your body’s epigenetics. For example, the class of drugs known as HDAC inhibitors

seeks to turn up the “volume” of the gene p53, which works to suppress cancer.

IT’S NOT JUST GENES, B U T H O W Y O U U S E T H E M

Epigenetics controls gene balance

THIN

KS

TOC

K

THIN

KS

TOC

K

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

10

A CONVERSATION WITH NEIL BOX, PhD

C3: How did you get interested in

melanoma research?

Box: Queensland is the melanoma capital of the

universe. There’s a big hole in the ozone over

Australia and we spend a lot of time at the beach.

I had three relatives diagnosed with early-stage

melanoma, but even beyond melanoma, you

can see the effects of sun exposure. In Australia,

people’s skin looks a lot older, and I remember as a

kid seeing these old men who had been treated for

non-melanoma skin cancers, with parts of ears or

noses removed.

C3: Colorado is at altitude and we’re proud

of our outdoors. Do you see parallels in sun

risk or sun protection here?

Box: Colorado is a high UV exposure state, but

people don’t realize it. In Queensland there was an

awareness of sun-related issues. There’s a real need

for that here. There will be about 1,400 new cases

of melanoma diagnosed in Colorado this year and a

little less than 200 people will die from the disease.

Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology

B Y GA RT H S U N D E M

C3: In addition to research, teaching and

writing grants to fund your work, you

also co-founded the Colorado Melanoma

Foundation (CoMelFound.org) in July 2013.

Has it been challenging to be a communica-

tor as well as a scientist?

Box: As scientists, we are always talking about our

work, at conferences, in papers, in talks to various

groups locally, nationally and internationally. Now

with a website, a blog, and social media such as

Facebook and Twitter, it’s a new set of skills, but

really we’re engaging in scientific communication all

the time. And it all works together. Our goal is to help

fewer people die from melanoma or be affected by

other skin cancers. The more we can connect with

people online, the more people we can reach with

our messages about sun protection and screen-

ing. We are also trying to engage our community

in supporting our melanoma research program, for

example, by identifying melanoma survivors who

could become mentors for new melanoma patients

and by encouraging people to participate in some

Neil Box grew up in Queensland, Australia where he saw the effects of sun exposure

firsthand. Now, in addition to teaching and his research into the biology of how skin

reacts with UV radiation, Dr. Box is helping to raise awareness in Colorado about sun

protection and sun-safe behaviors. We caught up with Dr. Box between important

grant submissions to talk about his work.

of our research projects. Also, with reduced funding

from the National Institutes of Health, we’re definitely

looking for ways to reach people who would like to

help us continue our research.

C3: In your opinion, what is more important –

research to find new treatments for mela-

noma and other skin cancers or outreach

programs that improve awareness and

screening?

Box: Both, of course. Here’s an anecdote:

I happened to be at a meeting where I saw political

candidates from the last election. One of them said,

“Oh, you’re at the CU Cancer Center. What a hidden

gem!” And it struck me as kind of a shame. Why are

we hidden? Shouldn’t we be obvious in our com-

munity? As an academic institution, we should be

making our knowledge as available as we can. The

question is, how can we best serve our community

to make an impact on disease rates?

C3: Melanoma is the most aggressive form

of skin cancer, with 5-year survival rates for

Stage III disease at right about 50 percent.

How do you help people balance the risk of

the disease against the desire to go outside

and enjoy the sun?

Box: Melanoma isn’t one of the cancers that tends

to run in families. More often than not, it happens in

isolation; your family doesn’t have experience with

the disease. People just know it’s dangerous. They

read about it and get scared pretty quickly. We need

education – people need to know what a diagnosis

means and what they need to do to put up a fight.

What we’re trying to do at the Colorado Melanoma

Foundation and the CU Cancer Center is create

basic community awareness of the effect of the sun.

As you improve the community’s knowledge, people

do more to cover up, more to be sun safe, and more

to get the screening, diagnosis and treatment they

need. As awareness goes up, safety improves.

What we have to do is improve awareness.

THIN

KS

TOC

K

Melanoma isn’t one of the cancers that tends to run in families. What we’re trying to do is create basic community awareness of the effect of the sun.

CA

SEY

CA

SS

C3: SPRING 2015

11

MD C L I N I C A L C A R E

Collaborating across campuses and cancersRAJEEV VIBHAKAR SEES BREAKTHROUGHS ON THE HORIZON IN HOW WE TREAT PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

Research wasn’t part of the plan. Rajeev Vibhakar,

MD, PhD, MPH, director of the Children’s Hospital

Colorado Program, left his native Tanzania for

Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota with the

intention of becoming a small-town pediatrician.

He finished his undergraduate work, moved on to

medical school at New York Medical College…

and something changed.

Between his first and second years of med

school, Vibhakar went to work in a biochemistry

lab that was exploring how certain proteins bind

to DNA. He was hooked.

“The process was so fascinating I asked my

university if they would take me into their MD/PhD

program and let me do research,” says Vibhakar.

“I wanted to learn how things work and probably

more importantly how much we don’t know about

the human body, but I really didn’t know where

I was going with it.”

A 4:00 a.m. emergency room visit from a

14 year-old girl during Vibhakar’s fourth year

of medical school helped determine where he

would go with his research and clinical career.

She had bruises on her legs and attributed them

to being kicked around during a soccer game

the day before.

“She wanted help with pain control because she

had a dance recital and she wanted to feel better,”

says Vibhakar. “We looked at her and we said that

is not from being kicked, that is something much

more serious.”

The girl was diagnosed with leukemia later that

morning. Vibhakar took care of her for the next six

months and developed a relationship with the girl

and her family. That relationship helped him decide

to specialize in pediatric cancer. Similar experiences

caring for kids during a pediatric residency at the

University of Iowa cemented the decision.

“Several of the kids in the oncology unit had

brain tumors and I realized we didn’t know that

much about them,” he says. “We didn’t really

understand what these brain tumors were doing.

I decided that’s what I want to study because that’s

where I can make a difference.”

Vibhakar explains that cancers in children are

completely different than adult cancers – the treat-

ments are different, the drugs are often different

and the biology of the tumors is very different.

In 2009, after his residency and fellowship were

complete, Vibhakar made the move to University

of Colorado School of Medicine’s Department of

Pediatrics. He is the director of pediatric neuro-

oncology at Children’s Hospital Colorado, studying

genetic mechanisms that turn brain cells into

cancer and how genetic differences can help

diagnose and treat children with brain tumors.

“I came here because of the ability to col-

laborate with people,” says Vibhakar. “Dr. Nick

Foreman, the leading pediatric neuro-oncologist,

developed a tumor bank in 1997. We have a lot

samples and genetic data to study. That’s what

attracted me initially.”

Here he has taken collaboration to a new level.

In addition to studying pediatric brain cancer,

Vibhakar is doing research with CU Cancer Center

members studying leukemia – the proteins involved

in that disease also are important in understanding

brain tumors. Vibhakar also collaborates with CU

breast cancer researcher, Dr. Heide Ford.

ABOUT RAJEEV VIBHAKAR, MD, PHD, MPH

Investigator, University of Colorado Cancer Center

Director of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine

B Y E R I K A M A T I C H

“We’re still only curing 40 to 50 percent of children with brain

tumors. There is a long way to go.”—rajeev vibhakar

One of the genes Ford studies is important in

regulating the way stem cells in the brain work.

Another project with a biologist at CU Boulder

looks at new chemical compounds to target

tumor cells. And yet another with the Department

of Pharmacology hopes to discover better drug

targets in pediatric brain tumors.

Vibhakar wants therapies and outcomes in

brain cancer to improve the way they have in

leukemia.

“We’re still only curing 40 to 50 percent of

children with brain tumors,” he says. “We really are

between a rock and a hard place. Even the children

that we do cure, often times we leave them with

significant side effects. There is a long way to go.”

Yet he is optimistic breakthroughs are on

the horizon.

“I truly believe that within my career, within

the next 15 years, we really will have a significant

change in not only how we treat kids but how

we can impact their survival and how well they

survive,” he says.

CU

CA

NC

ER C

ENTE

R

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

12

B Y E R I K A M A T I C H

THIN

KS

TOC

K

How wellness coach Denise McGuire, PhD, turned to mindfulness in her own cancer journey.

Normally, in this space, in this magazine, we tell stories of triumphant patients living with cancer, or we catch up with clinical trials that give people back their lives,

or we share the inspiration of those in remission from cancer against all odds. And yet, as we all know, cancer kills people. It takes spouses and parents and children and beloved members of our families and our friends and people that we work with and people that we have never even heard of.

On March 15, 2015, cancer took the life of Denise McGuire, PhD. She was generously sharing her journey through radiation and chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant. She was confident the transplant would work but her cancer had other plans. It only seems right to share her thoughts, insights and legacy because that’s what cancer will never steal from Denise. In fact, she said she was honored to share her story and the tools helping her navigate cancer, sometimes moment by moment.

I C A N F O C U S O N T H E

Sun Shining

C3: SPRING 2015

13

Her story starts with the connection between mind and body. Imagine getting pulled over for speeding. Your heart starts racing and your palms start sweating. Does that mean you suddenly developed atrial fibrillation and hyperhidrosis, or exces-sive sweating? No. It’s a perfectly normal, temporary reaction to a hefty fine and a couple points on your driver’s license. The

reaction is also an example of the connection between our minds and our bodies. For people with cancer, the connection can help them endure an experience that is devastating both physically and emotionally.

For more than 25 years, McGuire, a licensed psychologist and mental fitness coach, had helped people learn ways their mind could help their body. She worked with a diverse group: athletes, executives, people with cancer and other conditions, and folks looking to lose weight or even simply live a healthier, better life.

McGuire’s journey with cancer started in September 2014, although she didn’t know it yet. She was experiencing some nausea and vomiting. But Extreme Weight Loss: Destination Boot Camp at the University of Colorado Anschutz Health and Wellness Center at the Anschutz Medical Campus was approach-ing, a pilot program for the CU Anschutz Health and Wellness Center to give people the tools to lose weight and keep it off. McGuire was set to work with participants on the mental part of weight loss. She wondered if she was feeling the stress of starting boot camp.

“I was also gearing up for a trip to Italy,” said McGuire. “I was mostly feeling OK during the trip. I thought maybe I was overdoing the gelato.”

When McGuire returned, she made an appointment with her primary care physician and after meeting with specialists found herself in the unenviable position of being diagnosed with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, an aggressive cancer that affects white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies. It was November 8, 2014. Now she would have to use the techniques she had taught others to endure her own grueling treatment.

“I started with an aggressive treatment plan, six rounds of chemotherapy. I underwent three different regimens. I was hospitalized for a two week cycle,” said McGuire. “I find relying on the things I teach other people in similar circumstances, like mindfulness and breathing, is a natural application in what I’m going through.”

In addition to her work at the CU Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, McGuire also worked at University of Colorado Hospital’s (UCH) Center for Integrative Medicine. McGuire had seen how a positive outlook and emotional support helped others with cancer deal with the disease.

“Mindfulness is always about practice – noticing where my thoughts are going and then redirecting them. I concentrate on

my breath, close my eyes and bring myself back to now,” said McGuire. “Instead of focusing on pain, I can focus on the sun shining or not feeling nauseated or a visit from a great friend.”

Lisa Corbin, MD, medical director of UCH’s Center for Integrative Medicine, is a long-time friend and colleague of McGuire. Corbin agrees mindfulness can be beneficial. And challenging. Sometimes, Corbin says, it’s what makes sense for that person at that second.

“When you have cancer, there are so many things that are being done to you,” said Corbin. “I’ve seen people work with Denise and other psychologists and it’s so beneficial in so many ways. It helps them find their untapped potential and work on the things they can control like sleep, stress, nutrition and exercise.”

DENISE McGUIRE

Mindfulness is always about practice – noticing where my thoughts are going and then redirecting them. — DENISE McGUIRE

THIN

KS

TOC

K

CO

UR

TES

Y O

F G

ETIN

THEZ

ON

E.N

ET

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

14

Corbin adds that when people think of integrative medicine, they think it’s going to be about herbs and acupuncture. “We encourage people to slow down and we remind them there is power in learning the things they can do for themselves. Some feel so out of control and we help them unlock the potential in controlling what they can.”

McGuire’s initial treatment for the lymphoma was designed to beat back the cancer, but in her case, it didn’t go as planned. About 80 percent of the time, people with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma go through chemotherapy and go into remission. Not so with Denise. Her cancer was unusual. She needed to start from scratch. Her immune system would be wiped out by chemo and radiation so it could be built back up with a cord blood stem cell transplant under the direction of Jonathan Gutman, MD, the direc-tor of allogeneic stem cell transplantation at CU Cancer Center.

Gutman saw McGuire’s skills help her through the difficult battle. “It’s enormously important to do all you can to help yourself. Denise created a support system and helped herself in a remarkably strong way,” Gutman says.

“As a therapist, I’m usually on the giving end. I have to remind myself it’s OK to let people take care of me,” said McGuire.

“There’s been an outpouring. Many people have stepped forward to offer support and help – kids I went to kindergarten with, people I haven’t seen in 20 years. It’s definitely a huge surprise.”

The support McGuire received – or Dr. Denise as clients and colleagues affectionately called her – is the result of the support she gave. Colleagues say the mark she leaves behind is indelible.

Participants from Extreme Weight Loss: Destination Boot Camp say Dr. Denise changed their lives, gave them the tools to save themselves. Those she worked with believe McGuire will always be part of the wellness programs she created and taught and the people who benefitted from them.

Dr. Denise passed away March 15, 2015. She was described as comfortable and well cared for to her last breath.

“Now is a time to feel your feelings and remember her calm-ing presence and her smile,” writes Holly Wyatt, MD, medical director of Extreme Weight Loss: Destination Boot Camp. “Denise was big on gratitude so to honor her I am asking for each one of you to think of one thing you are grateful for today. It can be a big thing or a little thing she always said it doesn’t matter. I think that is what would make her smile right now, and I know she will be smiling with us for the years ahead.”

Denise’s friend, Lisa Corbin, visited her in the inpatient oncology unit in the days after her stem cell transplant. She was taken aback at what she encountered. “For the first time since her diagnosis, she actually looked like she had cancer. The treat-ment had taken a toll,” Lisa said. ”We talked about how she was feeling and then she asked me about something that had been going on in my life. She made it a point to remember the details about others even with what she was going through.”

Celebrated poet Maya Angelou once said, “People will forget what you said and people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” The heartbreaking thing about cancer is that it doesn’t care how wonderful Denise McGuire made people feel. It doesn’t care who you are or what you’ve done. Sometimes it doesn’t care that you have the best treatment in the world, strong odds, and the mental and emotional skills to fight like crazy.

But Dr. Denise cared. Cancer can’t erase that. And no one who loved her will ever forget.

“Dr. Denise” coaches patients from Extreme Weight Loss: Destination Boot Camp. They credit McGuire with changing their lives by giving them the tools to save themselves.

CO

UR

TES

Y O

F D

ENIS

E M

CG

UIR

E

To honor Denise I am asking for each one of you to think of one thing you are grateful for today. — HOLLY WYATT, MD

THIN

KS

TOC

K

C3: SPRING 2015

15

ST RYINSIDE

You’re about to give a speech and you feel sick to your stomach. The thought of eating something sweet, sour or

savory makes your mouth water. These examples illustrate the idea that what we think can influence how we feel.

Mindfulness is defined as relaxed moment to moment awareness without judgment. Some may refer to it as meditation. Some hail it as the mind-body connection. No matter what you call it – mindfulness is about improved quality of life for people with, or without, cancer. All you have to do is notice your thoughts and let them go. It sounds simple enough but it’s a practice that’s not always easy.

“At first, incorporating activity is easier for some people.” says Sayrd Annon, LCSW, oncology social worker at University of Colorado Hospital’s (UCH) Breast Center. “When you do yoga the focus is on breath through movement. You should not be thinking about what you’re making for dinner during the downward dog.”

Cancer patients at University of Colorado Hospital gather once a month for an hour to learn a variety of mind-body techniques including meditation, breathing and guided imagery. The benefits include more effective stress management and improved manage-ment of symptoms associated with cancer therapies.

The mindfulness group is a safe place for cancer survivors to learn tools that will improve quality of life for the newly diagnosed, those in cancer treatment, and those finding a new normal following treatment.

“Their minds are caught up in mental chatter,” says Annon. “They have fears of recurrence, whether their treatment will work, whether they did something to contribute to their cancer.”

Annon goes on to say that the group is just one way to help patients and care-givers deal with a cancer diagnosis and the crazy life challenges it brings – including everything from fighting the

illness to juggling finances, friendships and things like meals and transportation.

Take a breath. Notice what you feel. And then let it go. What’s really impor-tant about the whole process is to make sure you don’t judge what you think or feel – just acknowledge it. Annon says you will start to feel a little better when you exercise that relaxation response and your body will benefit immediately.

Here’s how it works: The parasym-pathetic nervous system helps maintain equilibrium and relaxation, decreases heart rate and lowers blood pressure. When you breathe and focus, your body feels less stress. Annon maintains we can train ourselves to respond more produc-tively to stress if we just notice what is happening and move forward.

Many of us are much more familiar with the sympathetic nervous system that mobilizes us for the fight or flight response – increased heart rate, high blood pressure and more stress.

Mindfulness in Cancer Care

Annon references a book called “Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers.” The zebra sees a threat and fights it or takes off. And then it’s over. The zebra doesn’t over-analyze the decision to fight the predator or wonder whether it should have taken off. It doesn’t obsess about the encounter. As a result, unlike humans, a zebra is not chronically stressed out, stomach churning, because it zigged when it could have zagged.

In addition to the improved mood, stress reduction and easing of symptoms associated with cancer and other medi-cal conditions, there are more reasons to make the mind-body connection. Annon says it’s accessible, affordable and empow-ering. She also says it’s helpful for all stages of cancer treatment.

“The mind is so powerful and we can be our own worst enemies. The practice of mindfulness means reworking our minds and developing new habits.” —By Erika Matich

THIN

KS

TOC

K

16WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

Imagine this: You are uninsured but know that something is wrong with your health. You are afraid to go see a doctor due to medical bills and ultimately decide to wait…until it is too late and you are admitted to the emergency room. Once there, doctors discover that you have late stage cancer.

“Poverty is a big reason why cancer is still the number one killer in Colorado,” explains Tim Byers, MD, MPH, associate director for cancer prevention and control at the University of Colorado Cancer Center. “It creates a barrier against prevention, early diagnosis, and timely treatment.”

Here at the CU Cancer Center we’re working hard to change this. Through programs such as the Tobacco Cessation, Colorado Colorectal Screening Program, and Patient Navigator Training Collaboration we are helping to promote cancer preventative behaviors, catch cancer earlier, and ensure that all patients get the best care.

But changing the course of cancer for the 13-15 percent of Coloradoans living in poverty (according to the U.S. Census Bureau) requires more than making sure impoverished Coloradoans get excellent treatment. It’s also about helping to decrease the chance they get cancer in the first place. See, it’s not just that impoverished Coloradoans are more likely to die from their disease; it’s that they’re more likely to get the disease.

The most recent Colorado Cancer and Poverty Report found that people living with lower incomes were more likely to use tobacco products, be obese, and have inactive lifestyles, all of which increase the risk of developing cancer. Byers, who collabo-rated with researchers and physicians across Colorado to write the report, feels that people living in poverty are aware of the negative health effects of these lifestyle choices but have other, more urgent, worries.

“I feel confident saying that most people are aware that smoking causes cancer,” says Byers. “What is happening is that these people are trying to deal with immediate concerns such as feeding their family. If you’re worried about putting food on the table today, you might not be as worried about the health consequences of smoking, 12 or 20 years in the future.”

All this adds up to increased cancer risk in people living in poverty.

PROMOTING PREVENTION: TOBACCO CESSATION In 2011, Arnold Levinson, PhD, University of Colorado Cancer Center investigator and asso-

ciate professor in the Colorado School of Public Health, headed a pilot program to help low-income parents quit smoking.

THIN

KS

TOC

K

BY TAYLOR BAKEMEYER

CLOSINGTHE GAPSIN CANCER CARE

CU PROGRAMS FOR PREVENTION, EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EFFICIENT TREATMENT SEEK TO LOWER CANCER RATES IN AT-RISK POPULATIONS

C3: SPRING 2015

17

“Low-income life puts people under constant stress,” says Levinson. “And stress is a strong predictor of difficulty quitting smoking.”

The program explored the use of trained, community-based “guides” to help parents of children in the Denver Head Start program obtain effective smoking cessation treatments, including the Colorado QuitLine and nicotine patches or gum.

“It was my theory that people trying to do something to improve the lives of their children may be readier and more able to quit smoking,” Levinson says.

In addition to treatments, trained guides also provided emotional support to parents trying to quit.

“By locating guides where parents go twice a day, smokers who want help quitting don’t have to go anyplace special. We find them where they live on a daily basis. This community intercept model isn’t new in public health – what’s new is putting guides there rather than a clinical treatment program,” he explains.

Now Levinson hopes to use this pilot program to study the effectiveness of community-based guides to help low-income people quit smoking, with the goal of expanding the program to reach more people and prevent more cases of smoking-related cancers.

CATCHING IT EARLY: COLORADO COLORECTAL SCREENING PROGRAMDo you remember the person from the opening

example? With the cancer spread, this person has a roughly 15 percent chance of living 5 years. If the health system had caught the cancer earlier, before it spread, the number could have been 90 percent.

Catching cancer early is the goal of the CU Cancer Center’s Colorado Colorectal Screening Program (CCSP), which gives uninsured people with incomes at or below 250 percent of the Federal Poverty Level access to colonoscopies to screen for colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy not only detects cancer at an early stage, but can also detect precancerous growths that can be removed, preventing the cancer from developing. Shockingly the CDC has found that if everyone aged fifty and older met the current screening guidelines at least 60 percent of deaths from the disease could be avoided.

“Our goal is to increase CRC screening rates in Colorado. The program does this not just by providing screening exams, but by raising awareness of the need for screening, supporting patient navigation for screening, and assisting our partner clinics across Colorado to reduce barriers to screening,” says Sheryl Ogden, RN, BSN, program manager of CCSP.

As of May 2014 it had completed more than 16,000 screen-ings. And since its beginning in 2006, more than 130 program participants have been diagnosed with colon cancer – that’s 130 who caught cancer early and have a much better chance of successfully fighting the disease.

TOP QUALITY CARE: PATIENT NAVIGATOR TRAINING COLLABORATIVEIn addition to the financial burden of screening

and treatment, cultural barriers can keep patients from receiving the care they need. For example, many patients say they are uneasy talking to physicians, have had bad experiences with health care in the past, or may not speak the same language as their provider. It’s hard to trust your life to a system that you perceive as having different beliefs, values, and resources than you do. At the CU Cancer Center, the Patient Navigator Training Collaborative (PNTC) trains people to help others in their com-munities navigate the health care system.

“You don’t necessarily have to be a nurse or social worker to be a part of the program,” says Patricia Valverde, PhD, MPH, co-director of PNTC. “Many in our classes are just passionate people who want to help others.”

Valverde helped bring patient navigation to the Anschutz campus back in 2006 when it was being tested in a clinical trial at Denver Health. Since then the program, along with many others like it, have expanded immensely not just in cancer care but also in many other diseases. In cancer, there are two main types of navigators: those that help patients with screening and diagnosis, and those that help navigate treatment.

“For example, after a test shows something is wrong, screening and diagnostic navigators may call patients to help ensure they follow through with treatment,” Valverde explains. “Many times they find patients do not want to go due to fear of not having the financial resources, fear of dying, or even just the concern of not being able to find transportation to appointments.”

“Once a patient is diagnosed with cancer, the navigator works with him or her throughout their treatment,” says Valverde. “They also help the patient not feel overwhelmed and can connect them to all kinds of resources, whether it’s financial assistance, transportation, or even food.”

In the end, the navigators become so much more than liaisons between patients and their physicians. Many become very close with the people they help.

“I’d imagine that over years one navigator can touch hundreds of people,” says Valverde. “The support that is given means so much to the patient and ensures they receive timely treatment.”

Cancer care isn’t just about delivering the best medicines – it’s about not needing to deliver these medicines in the first place. Of course no program or combination of programs can prevent cancer completely or ensure an early diagnosis in every case. But here at the CU Cancer Center, we know the cracks in prevention, early diagnosis and efficient treatment that let dangerous cancers sneak through. And we are working every day to close these gaps in cancer care.

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

18

S U P P O R T E R F CUS

Colorado Senator. Tamale maker. Education

Activist. Denver icon. Paul Sandoval is known by

many names in Colorado.

Throughout his professional career Senator

Sandoval was able to rise above party lines, give

advice to both seasoned and up-and-coming

politicians, and was deeply involved with Colorado’s

education system. In his personal life, Paul was a

loving father, husband, and friend to many. He was

known to have “amazing instincts” in politics and

business. He ran his small family restaurant and

tamale factory where he would make tamales from

a passed-down family recipe.

In 2012 Sandoval lost his battle to pancreatic

cancer. His untimely death at 67 touched thou-

sands across the state and nation. Now his wife

Paula, along with friends and other members of

the Sandoval family are helping to fund gradu-

ate students at the University of Colorado Cancer

Center working to better understand the disease

and discover better treatments.

PAUL’S STORY: DIAGNOSIS

Like many pancreatic cancer patients, Paul didn’t

have any symptoms until the disease had pro-

gressed beyond the point where he could benefit

from life-saving treatments.

“The first thing we noticed was his weight

loss and lack of appetite,” says his wife, Paula

Sandoval. “He became incredibly weak and we

knew something was not right.”

Paul went in for testing numerous times but

it seemed no one had an answer for his sudden

health deterioration. It wasn’t until friends, including

CU President Bruce Benson, recommended he

go to the University of Colorado Cancer Center

that he got the truth: Paul had stage three

pancreatic cancer.

“When we heard the word ‘cancer’ the first

question that came to our minds was ‘how long

does he have?’” Paula says.

Paul was given three months to live at the time

of diagnosis.

PAUL’S STORY: TREATMENT

Together the Sandoval’s decided that, of all the

options nationally, the CU Cancer Center was

where Paul would receive the best treatment.

Staying local also allowed Paul to be around the

people he loved in the state that he had spent

his life serving. Colin Weekes, MD, was Paul’s

oncologist.

“What struck me the most about him is that

when we first met he introduced himself as a

tamale maker,” says Weekes. “He was a very

humble and respectful person from the start.”

Sandoval was put on a clinical trial right away

to combat the disease. Although the ultimate goal

was to extend his life, Paul made it clear that he

had other intentions.

“His perspective on the clinical trial was that

he thought it may help him, but really he was

more concerned about it helping other people,”

says Weekes.

At first Sandoval seemed to respond well to

treatments. However, tragically, it did not last and

his condition continued to deteriorate. Eventually he

was told he could no longer be on the clinical trial.

“I remember the day we told him we had to take

him off the trial very clearly,” Weekes explains. “He

and Paula were both at peace with it and wanted

to go spend time with their friends and family.”

On April 24, 2012, Paul passed away peacefully

in his home surrounded by loved ones.

PAUL’S STORY: HIS LEGACY

“After Paul’s passing we wanted to redirect our

existing scholarships to make more of them a

personal legacy for Paul,” says Paula. “That is why

we created the Paul Sandoval Pancreatic Cancer

Research Fund at the University of Colorado

Cancer Center.”

The Paul Sandoval Pancreatic Cancer Research

Scholarship fund was established by Paula

Sandoval in 2012.

“The goal of the fund is to award one $20,000

or two $10,000 scholarships each academic year

to graduate students focused on pancreatic cancer

research at the University of Colorado Anschutz

Medical Campus and the University of Colorado

Cancer Center,” explains Allison Krebs, director of

development for the CU Cancer Center.

The first recipient of the Sandoval Scholarship,

Melanie Blevins, was selected in 2014. The scholar-

ship will help Blevins continue her study of the

Six1/Eya transcriptional complex, a known cause

of another cancer, namely breast cancer.

“Since receiving this scholarship, I have begun

to take the knowledge we have obtained in our

breast cancer model and apply it to pancreatic

cancer, hoping that the advances we make will not

only be beneficial for breast cancer, but pancreatic

cancers as well,” Blevins says.

In addition to the scholarship, Paul Sandoval is

being honored throughout Denver. A new campus

within Denver Public Schools being built near

Dick’s Sporting Goods Park will be named the

“Paul Sandoval Campus.” A lecture hall in North

High School also shares his name.

“I think it is so important to honor Coloradoans

that have changed the state,” says Paula. “We are

extremely thrilled to honor the legacy of Paul.”

Paul’s Story SENATOR’S LEGACY HELPS TO TRAIN THE NEXT GENERATION OF PANCREATIC CANCER RESEARCHERS

Senator Paul Sandoval in his element, painted by Roberto Parada. Before politics, he ran a small family restaurant and tamale factory.

B Y T A Y L O R B A K E M E Y E R

RO

BER

TO P

AR

AD

A

Learn more about giving to the Paul Sandoval Pancreatic Cancer

Research Scholarship fund at cufund.org/PaulSandoval

C3: SPRING 2015

19

C O M M U N I T Y N E W S

RUNNING IN UNDIES RAISES $51K FOR COLORADO COLORECTAL

SCREENING PROGRAM

The Denver Undy 5000 5K run/walk raised more than $51,000 for the Colorado Colorectal Screening

Program (CCSP), a program at the University of Colorado Cancer Center that provides underserved

Coloradans colonoscopies at no cost, in partnership with community clinics and community

gastroenterologists.

The Undy 5000 was held June 28, 2014, with over 1000 participants. The event took place at City

Park in Denver. The team from University of Colorado Cancer Center was led by Kim Gall, human resource

manager at the CU Cancer Center.

“The Undy is one of my favorite events,” says Gall. “You get to run around in your ‘undies’ and support

an amazing program that helps so many people.”

The race stands out from many other 5K events because participants run in specially designed

boxer-style shorts, providing a fun way to bring attention to a serious disease. This is a family-oriented

event open to all ages. In addition to the 5K, there was a 1-mile family fun run and a silent auction.

“This supplement to current grant funding helps us provide screening to the medically underserved

of Colorado and assist with treatment for those diagnosed with colorectal cancer,” says Sheryl Ogden,

RN, BSN and program manager of the Colorado Colorectal Screening Program. “The Undy 5000 is truly

a wonderful event.”

ENDOWED CHAIR ESTABLISHED IN YOUNG WOMEN’S BREAST CANCER RESEARCH

This March marked the establishment of the Robert F. and Patricia Young Connor Endowed Chair in Young

Women’s Breast Cancer Research in the Division of Oncology at the University of Colorado Anschutz

Medical Campus, made possible with generous commitments totaling $1.5 million from Patricia Anne

Connor and the John J. Connor & Irene A. Connor Family Foundation. With their support, we are able to

provide valuable resources for one of the world’s foremost experts in young women’s breast cancer and

to improve outcomes for countless patients and families.

Associate Professor Virginia “Ginger” Borges, MD, has been appointed the first Robert F. and Patricia

Young Connor Chair. The establishment of the Connor Endowed Chair would not have been possible

without the generosity and vision of the Connor family, or the collaboration of Dean Richard Krugman,

Dr. David Schwartz, Dr. Dan Theodorescu, Dr. Wells Messersmith and Dr. William Robinson.

UPCOMING EVENTS

• August 8: Dinner in White

This year’s location is a mystery! It will be

announced the day of the event.

• November: Men’s Event at Elway’s

Date to be determined.

For more details about these events, visit

http://events.coloradocancercenter.org.

CORRECTION

In the Winter 2014 edition of C3: Collaborating to

Conquer Cancer, we reported incorrectly about a

philanthropic gift from Mr. and Mrs. Morton and

Sandra Saffer to University of Colorado Cancer

Center. Although the Saffers are friends and

donors to the CU Cancer Center, this particular

article was in error. We deeply apologize for this

mistake and have created internal practices and

policies to prevent future errors of this nature.

CU

CA

NC

ER C

ENTE

R

KNOCK OUT CANCER GALA

The “Let’s Knock out Cancer” gala on January 24

at Hyatt Regency Convention Center drew a

sell-out crowd of more than 1,000 people and

grossed a little more than $1 million in donations

to support the work of the University of Colorado

Cancer Center, said Erin Henninger, senior

director of the University of Colorado Hospital

Foundation.

Local musical legend The Fray provided

the entertainment, while cancer survivor Jon

Wilmot gave the audience a moving personal

narrative of his battle with the disease. A non-

smoker, Wilmot was diagnosed with stage IV

lung cancer. Through his own determination,

the support of his family, and a Cancer Center

clinical trial of drugs that target the mutation

that drives his cancer, Wilmot is living an

active, productive life.

WWW.COLORADOCANCERCENTER.ORG

20

S P R I N G 2 0 1 5

www.coloradocancercenter.org

C3: Collaborating to Conquer CancerPublished twice a year by University of Colorado Denver for friends, members and the community of the University of Colorado Cancer Center. (No research money has been used for this publication.)

Editor: Garth Sundem | 303-724-6441 | garth.sundem@ucdenver.eduContributing Writers: Taylor Bakemeyer, Erika MatichPhotos: Casey Cass

The CU Cancer Center Consortium MembersUNIVERSITIESColorado State UniversityUniversity of Colorado BoulderUniversity of Colorado DenverINSTITUTIONSUniversity of Colorado HospitalChildren’s Hospital ColoradoDenver Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Visit us on the web: www.coloradocancercenter.orgThe CU Cancer Center is dedicated to equal opportunityand access in all aspects of employment and patient care.

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER

13001 EAST 17TH PLACE, MSF434

AURORA, CO 80045-0511

R E T U R N S E R V I C E R E Q U E S T E D

Non-profit organizationU.S. POSTAGE

PAIDDenver, CO

Permit No. 831

ORIEN Puts Big Data in CU Cancer ScienceT H E M E S S A G E

FROM THE DIRECTOR DAN THEODORESCU,

MD, PhD

In cancer research, there’s only so much we can learn from

one tumor. Is a change in the tumor’s genes the cause

of the cancer or is it just random chance? Will a treatment

that happens to work against one tumor work against others

or is it just luck? That’s why the University of Colorado Cancer

Center is excited to announce its new membership in the

prestigious Oncology Research Information Exchange Network

(ORIEN), a unique research partnership expected to exponentially

increase the number of patients involved in precision oncology

research studies.

ORIEN personifies “big data” – extensive databases with

cancer patient information (medical history, cancer tissue, DNA)

that can be used for basic research and clinical trials. Patients

participating in ORIEN will have a greater opportunity to be

matched to clinical trials of targeted “smart” drugs.

It means that the results of one patient treated at the CU

Cancer Center will be compared to the results of patients treated

at other leading cancer centers around the country so that

instead of learning from one patient, one treatment, one tumor,

we have the opportunity to learn from many. The goal of the

ORIEN partnership is to speed the pace of discovery, allowing

the CU Cancer Center and other ORIEN institutions to discover,

test, prove and offer more precision medicines more quickly than

ever before.

Our membership comes at a time when the CU Cancer

Center is earning national recognition as a leader in precision

medicine – the ability to match treatments to the unique features

of a patient’s condition. Last fall, at the invitation of Rep. Diana

Degette (D-Colo) and Rep. Fred Upton, Chair of the House

Committee on Energy and Commerce (R-Mich), I spoke at the

Capitol as part of the 21st Century Cures Roundtable, a panel

on the future of biomedical innovation in the United States. The

climate in Washington can be contentious, but one thing that

everyone seems to agree on is the importance of remaining the

world leader in biomedical science research. Our knowledge and

infrastructure allows the United States to look inside cancers and

to experiment with sophisticated models of the disease in ways

that are the envy of the world. Now our challenge is to continue

a strong climate of funding as this infrastructure delivers new

treatments and new hope to cancer patients.

As I said in Washington, patients are the heart and soul of

personalized medicine. We really rely on them. We are eternally

grateful for their participation. The CU Cancer Center has been,

and with your help will continue to be, one of the world leaders

in delivering on the promise of personalized medicine.

“The goal of the ORIEN partnership is to speed the pace of discovery,

allowing the CU Cancer Center and other ORIEN institutions to discover, test, prove and offer more precision medicines

more quickly than ever before.”