8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

1/45

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to

information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,

and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest

to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of

education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the

timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

!"#$% '(%)

!"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru

Step Out From the Old to the New

7"#1&"8+9&"), 7:1&"8+9&")Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

!"# %& ;

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

2/45

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

3/45

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

4/45

IS 14164: 2008

8 0 0 ~ x 7 5 0 o ~ f ffJ ll AT c5 fflR tR ~ r r J l f t r G f T c5 ~ T T x~ ~ x = i f 6 m

Qi CYf efUIndian Standard

INDUSTRIAL PPLI TION ND FINISHINGSOF THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALSATTEMPERATURES ABOVE 80CANDUP TO 750C CODE OF PRACTICE

First Revision

ICS 27 220

BIS 2008URE U OF INDI N ST ND RDSMANAK BHAVAN 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

May 2008 Price Group 12

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

5/45

Thermal Insulation Sectional Committee, CHD 27

FOREWORDThis Indian Standard First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized bythe Thermal Insulation Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.This standard was first published in 1994 superseding both IS 7240 : 1981 and IS 7413 : 1981 which were inforce earlier hoping that the amalgamated standard would facilitate unambiguous exchange of commercial andscientific information within the Industry. While formulating this standard considerable assistance was takenfrom VDI 2055 : 1982 Heating and cooling protection/shielding for factories , published by Verein DeutscherIngenieure , ISO/DIS 12241 : 1993 Calculations rules for thermal insulation of pipes, ducts and equipmentspublished by International Organization for Standardization, and BS 5422 : 1990 Method for specifying thermalinsulating materials on pipes duct work and equipments in the temperature range 4 to 750C) . This standardcovers the insulation of plant and equipment containing fluids at temperatures above 8 C and up to 750C.This standard does not deal with the insulation of buildings, land or marine cold stores or other cold storages.This standard also does not deal with the insulation of metal surfaces, which are protected on their inner surface,with refractory brickwork or other refractory linings, the temperatures of which change, with the application ofexternal insulation. Thus, this standard covers external insulation of surfaces such as vessels or piping carryinghot or cold fluids including gases, at temperatures within the range indicated.This standard also does not include calculations for thickness of insulation application as the determination ofthe required thickness of insulation is likely to be governed by many considerations and factors other thaneconomics alone. Further, other similar theoretical calculations, such as interface temperatures in multi-layerinsulations, specified temperature on the surface of the insulation, determination of temperature at the point ofdelivery, thickness required to prevent condensation on the surface of the insulation, etc have also not beenincluded in this standard.Accordingly the symbol used in thermal insulation, determination of heat gain/heat loss, surface temperature andinsulation coefficient for different surfaces for working out appropriate surface temperature and insulation thicknessfor specific surface temperatures, additional heat losses due to components in a pipeline, etc and conversionfactors have been included in this standard in Annexes A, Band C.The Committee felt a need for its revision based on the experience gained and feedbacks received from thevarious segments of the thermal insulation trade and industry and also to harmonize with BS 5970 : 2001 Codeof practice for thermal insulation of pipe work and equipment in the temperature range of l to 870C .There is no ISO Standard on this subject. During this revision assistance has also been derived from ASTM C 680and also from Thermal Insulation Handbook by William C. Turner and John F. Malloy 1981).In this revision calculation for heat loss/gain through the insulation, attachments, thickness of metal claddinghave been incorporated. Typical exemplification figures both for equipment and piping are also incorporated forbetter understanding. Major modifications have been done in the application and measurement clauses. Thisstandard takes care of the health hazard of the asbestos fibre and hence incorporates the requirement of asbestosfree insulation materials.The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Annex D.In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed orcalculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2: 1960 Rules for rounding off numericalvalues revised) .

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

6/45

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

7/45

IS 14164 : 2008

Indian StandardINDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND FINISHINGS

OF THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALSATTEMPERATURES ABOVE 80CAND

UP TO 750C - CODE OF PRACTICE First Revision

3069: 1994

9743: 1990

IS No.702: 19881322: 1993

1 SCOPE1.1 This Code of practice prescribes for applicationand finishing of thermal insulation materials appliedto surfaces at temperatures above 80C and up to75 C1.2In caseswheremetal surfaces areprotected on theirinner faces with structural boundary materials, suchas refractory brickwork or other l inings thetemperatures of which change as result of theapplicationofexternalthermalinsulation,consequentlychange in metal temperature shall be checked againstsafe design temperature limits.2 REFERENCESThe following standards contain provisions whichthrough reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All standards are subject torevision, and parties to agreements based on thisstandard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standardsindicated below:

TitleIndustrial bitumen second revisionBitumen felts forwater-proofing anddamp-proofing fourth revisionGlossary of terms, symbol and unitsrelating to thermal insulat ionmaterialsThermal insulationfinishingcementsfirst revision

3TERMINOLOGYForthepurposeof this standard, thedefinitionsgiveninIS 3069 and the following shall apply. Additionalsymbolsused in this standard aredescribed inAnnexA.3.1 Applicator - An individual or organizationundertaking thermal insulation of the installations.3.2 Operating Temperature - The temperature ofthe hot or cold fluid inside the pipe or vessel underconsideration.

3.3EffectiveAmbientTemperature - For structuressurroundedby air or other fluid , theeffectiveambienttemperature is a suitably weighted mean between airfluid temperature and the mean radiant temperatureof the surroundings oKJoe . For a fluid opaque toradiation. theeffectiveambient temperature is thesameas the surrounding fluid temperature. For operationalfeasibility of field assessments of the exposed surfacetemperature of insulated system, the effective ambienttemperature shall be considered as the temperaturemeasured a sensor located normally at a distanceof 1 m from the surface at which the temperature ismeasured. This is not to be mistaken for theatmospheric temperature.3.4 Economic Thickness - The thickness ofinsulation, which gives a minimum total cost over achosen evaluation period.3.5 Preformed Insulating Material - Thermalinsulating material which is fabricated in such amanner that at least one surface conforms to the shapeof the surface to be covered and which will maintainits shape without cracking, breaking, crushing orpermanent deformation during handl ing andapplication.3.6 Flexible Insulating Material - Thermalinsulating material in loose dry or formed matts/slabs/batts/mattresses, which tends to drape or conform tothe shape of the surface on which it is applied.3.7 Plastic Composition Insulating Materials Thermal insulating materials in loose dry form, whichare prepared for application as a paste or dough bymixing with water, usually on site. The normal varietysets under the influence of heat applied to the internalsurface.3.8Microporous Insulation - A family of inorganicproducts of very low thermal conductivity featuringsilica fibrous mat rix wi th opacifying powdersdistributed throughout the silica structure to reflect,refract or absorb infrared radiation resulting in a flatconductivity versus Temperature profile.

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

8/45

IS 14164 : 20083.9 Reflective Insulation - An insulation systemcomposed of c lose ly s pa ce d sheet s/ fo il s of highreflectivity low emittance) obtaining its insulatingvalue from the ability of the surfaces to reflect a largepart of r ad ia nt e ne rg y incident on t he m. T hi sarrangement mayor may not be evacuated.3.10 Thickness - The thickness of the insulationmaterial only that is, excluding any protective or otherfinish.3.11 Ho t Surfaces for Insulation - For the purposeof this standard, surfaces to be i ns ula ted having atemperature over 40C and where heat flux is expectedto be away from the surfaces are classified as hotsurfaces.3.12 Cold S u rf ac es f or Insulation - For thepurpose of this standard, surfaces having at emp er at ur e of 4 0 C and b el ow and where the h eatflux is expected to be towards the surfaces to beinsulated are classified as cold surfaces.4 MATERIALS4.1 The materials used for insulation and its applicationshall conform to t he r el eva nt Indian Standardswherever they exist.4.2 Asbestos - Free Thermal Insulating MaterialAll thermal insulation materials used at site shall beasbestos-free in order to s af egua rd the health ofindividuals who are working in the vicinity.4.3 Types of Insulating MaterialsAlthough all thermal insulating materials, with theexception of reflective insulation, depend on entrappedair or gas for their effectiveness, it is convenient toclassify them according to their type of structure ormethod of application:

a) Preformed - Normally the term is appliedto slabs, pipe s ec ti ons and relate d shapesbased on cellular granules or mineral fibresthat are bonded to form a substantially rigidcellular plastic, cellular glass and bondedn at ur al m at er ials, for examp le, cork andexfoliated minerals.

b) Flexible - T hi s ty pe i ncl ud es fibrousproducts such as felts, bl ankets, mats andmattresses, which differ from the preformedmaterials only in the ease with which they canbe shaped to conform to irregular surfaces.Textile products, for example, woven cloth,tapes, twisted yarns, and plaited packings arealso of this type. This also includes flexibleclosed cell foams of plastic and specializedrubber formulations.

c) Loose Fill - Included in this type are allgranular fibrous a nd v ar io us d is cr et eaggregates that ca n be poured or lightlypacked into cavities, casings orjackets. Looseor lightly bonded fibrous materials, shreddedplastics polymers an d loose expandedvolcanic or micaceous products, for example,perlite or vermiculite as well as suchi nsul at in g agg regates as f oamed slag andgranulated diatomaceous brick would also fallunder this heading.

d) Plastic omposition Materialof this typeconsists of insulating agg regate, with orwithout fibrous reinforcement that is preparedfor application as a paste or dough by mixingwith water. Normally the wet materials requirethe use of heat for drying out after application,bu t some p ro d uc ts h arde n by hydraulicsetting, it is important to distinguish betweenplastic compositions and organic plastics, thelatter are spelt with water a letter s at theend of the word plastic .

e) Spray - Granular, foamed orfibrousmaterialthat adheres to the surface on application bymeans of a spray-gun. An adhesive may beincluded in the original mix or it may beapplied through a separate nozzle during theapplication process.

f) Foamed-in-situ - Normally cellular organicplastics agglomerates that are foamed in acavity by physical or chemical means duringor immediately after application.

g Microporous Insulation Silica Aerogel Opacified fine powder having microscopicpores that confer particularly low thermalconductivity properties, lower than those ofstill air at the same temperatures. It is availableas block encapsulated in metal foil or wovenfabric.

h) Reflective Insulation - Multiple layer of foilor thin sheet material of low emissivity thathas the ability to reflect incident radiant heatseparated by fleece or tissue. Metal foils suchas aluminium foil and thin polished stainlesssteel sheet with mineral f ibe r ti ss ue arecommon examples but r ef le ct ive metaldeposited on plastics film will also be includedbu t fo r lower temperatures only. Thesematerials are normally used in associationwith one or more air spaces, which may beclosed or open and which mayor may not beevacuated.

j) Insulating Boards - Rigid or mainly rigidboards, often with fibrous reinforcement,bonded into a compact mass and baked. The

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

9/45

bonding material may be a hydraulic cement,a lime-silica reaction product, gypsum, or anorganic plastic polymer.

k Prefabricated Shapes - For specialized typesof a ppli ca ti on it may be a dva nt ageous tofabricate the insulation to predeterminedshapes for ease of application and removal.Various types of insulating material can beused for this purpose, as also can various typesof covering material. Typical products wouldbe prefabricated valve covers, insulated metalvalve boxes, prefabricated flexible mattressesand thin layers of fibrous or granular fillingsealed inside prefabricated metal foilenvelopes.

4.4 The applicator shall ensure that the thermalinsulating and finishing materials used are suitable forservice at the operating temperatures and under thephysic l conditions statedby thepurch ser incasethematerial is s uppl ied by the appli cator. In case thep ur ch as er or any other a ge nc y a pp oi nt ed by thep ur ch as er s pe ci fi es or s up pl ie s the m at er ia l, theresponsibility for the performance of such materialsshall rest with the purchaser or the supplier, as the casemay be, and the applicator of such materials shall restwith the purchaser or the supplier, as the case may be,and the applicator shall be responsible only for theworkmanship. If the material supplied conforms to therelevant Indian Standard, the applicator s responsibilityshall then be confined to the methods of application asstatedin this Code, unless otherwise specifically agreedto between the purchaser and the applicator.4.5 In the case of plants operating at dual temperatures,that is, below and above ambient temperature, such ascold insulated systems which are periodically steamcleaned, the insulation material used shall be capableof withstanding the highest and lowest temperatureinvolved during services without physical deformationor deterioration. In all s uch c ase s extre me ca re isrequired in selection of insulants, vapour barriers andtheir positioning in the system and proper study of theinterface temperature between layers.5 METHODS OF APPLICATION5.1 General5.1.1 All insulation materials, fixed in any mannershould be applied so as to be in close contact with thesurface to which they are applied and the edges or endsof suctions shall butt up close to one another over theirwhole surface except in special application. For thisreason edges or ends shall, where necessary, be cut orshaped at site.5.1.2 While applying flexible materials care shall be

3

IS 14164 : 2008taken to ensure that the material is applied at therequired density.5.1.3 While applying multi-layer insulation all jointsshall be staggered; and each layer shall be separatelysecured to the surface.5.1.4 As a rule fittings on vessels shall be covered withan independent insulation so as to allow easy accessand removal without disturbing the main insulation.5.2 Insulation on Ambient and Hot Surfaces5 2 Guidelines fo r Normal Ambient n ElevatedTemperaturesAs there is possibility of differential movement ofjointly insulated pipe lines due to differences in thetemperature of the fluids carried by the pipe lines, eachpipe line is to be insulated separately, wherever spaceis available.5.2.1.1 When the surface to be insulated is of regularshape it is likely that preformed materials will be themost suitable; their physical properties, shapes anddimensions can be controlled dur ing worksmanufacture. Also. they are easy to apply and they arelikely to retain their physical characteristics underservice conditions. Care should be taken to ensure thatthe material stays satisfactorily in service, and this willinclude the need to preserve physical and mechanicalintegrity as well in order to maintain thermaleffectiveness.5.2.1.2 er ta in types of plant with double skinconstruction, that is reaction or storage vessels, mayrequire the annular space to be packed with a loosemass of fibre or a porous granular aggregate. In suchcases, it is necessary to achieve reasonably uniformpacking at an optimum bulk density, for example, bythe provision of internal spacer supports to preventsettlement under service conditions.For some specific applications, notably the horizontalor near-horizontal tops of large outdoor ducts and flueswith multiple external stiffeners, it may be convenientto build up an appreciable depth of granular aggregateto form a camber, either from the longitudinal centerline outwards or across the full width of the surface,before applying preformed slab insulation, which maybe finished with a layer of self-setting cement. A finalcoat of weatherproofing compound may be added, asrequired.5.2.1.3 For irregular shapes of plant it may beconvenient to make use of plastic compositioninsulating materials but in these cases, it will benecessary to preheat the plant and to maintain the heatuntil all the insulation is dry. Wet plastic compositionhas to be applied in successive layers, allowing each

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

10/45

IS 6 : 2008one to dry before the next is applied Plasticcompos iti on mixes are likely to contain solublechloride salts,either as normal impurities or in the waterused for forming the paste, which may cause oraccelerate stress-corrosion attack on austenitic steelsurfaces. Additionally, only potable water should beused for mixing inorder to ensure freedom from attackon carbon steel surfaces by soluble nitrates.5.2.1.4 Notably low thermal-conductivity values,together with light weight, are characteristic of manytypes of foamed-in-situ insulating materials, whichnormally involve the mixing of two reactive chemicals,for example, for the production of polyurethane. Theyare of particular value for filling the annular spacesbetween the containment surfaces of a light weightstructure as, in many cases, they can increase themechanical stability of the structure. is possible touse a similar process for the production of preformedinsulating shapes. Care should be taken to ensure thatthe foamed material is used only within the correcttemperature range and that it does not add to the firehazard in the insulated plant.5.2.1.5 Microporous insulation is characterized by itslow thermal conductivity, which persists to hightemperatures. This characteristic permits the use oflower thickness than those of conventional materials.It is important that microporous insulation shouldneverbecome wet as this can resul t in an i rreversiblebreakdown of the microporous structure.5.2.1.6 Reflect ive insulat ion is more effective inreducing the absorption or emission of radiant heat thanin a non-metallic surface. It maybe used in conjunctionwith granular, fibrous, or powder-type insulatingmaterials, and insulation purposes. Where the use ofnon-metallic insulation is not acceptable for technicalreasons, for example, in certain types of plant heatedby nuclear fuels, multilayer reflective metallicinsulation may be particularly suitable.5 .2.1.7 Insulat ing boards may be substantially oforganic composition, for example, made from woodfibre, sugarcane etc, or they may be wholly inorganic,for example, mineral fibres bonded with a cementtype product. Inc luded in this range are gypsumplasterboard and sheet products made from rigidorganic polymer foam, both of which may have oneor both surfaces covered with a luminium foil toreduce thermal transmission. When a choice is to bemade from various types of board for a specificapplication, attention should be paid to fire hazard,moisture absorption and the upper limitingtemperature, as well as to the thermal conductivityunder the required conditions of U e5.2.1.8 At high temperature above 500C with thecombination of back-up material. Ceramic fibre may

4

be used in applications where low thermal mass andhigh resistance to thermal shock are important.5.2.1.9 may be convenient to use two different typesof insulating material for a portion of plant if theoperating temperature is above the limiting temperaturefor the preferred main insulating material. In such casesthe inner layer, of suitable resistance for the highertemperature is used in sufficient thickness to reducethe temperature at the interface with the main insulatingmaterial to an acceptable level.5 2 2 Application System rHot Insulation5 2 2 1 PipesPreformed pipe sections should be fitted closely to thepipe and any unavoidable gaps in circumferential orlongitudinal joints should be filled with compatibleinsulatingmaterial where the pipe diameter is too largeby building up the radius and bevelled piping. Wherethere is more than one layer of insulating material, alljoints should be staggered.Each section should be held in position and coveredby a fabric, this should be secured by stitching or bythe use of an adhesive. The edges of the fabric, ifstitchedshouldoverlapby at least 25mm.Alternatively,with a fabric or sheet outer finish, the whole may besecured by circumferential bands.For vertical and near vertical piping it is important toprevent downward displacement of the insulatingmaterial by the use of appropriate supports, which maybe in the form ofmetal rings, part rings, or studs.Thesesupports should be located at intervals of not more than5.0 m and in any case, there should be a supportimmediately above each expansion break in theinsulation.5 2 2 2 Piping bendsBends are usually insulated to the same specificationas the adjacent straight piping. Where preformedmaterial is used it should be cut in mitred segmentfashion and wired or staggered into positionAlternatively, prefabricated or fully moulded halfbends may be used, if these are available. Plasticcomposition may be used to seal any gaps that mayappear between mitred segments.5 2 2 3 Flanges valves and otherfittings on hot pipingIt is essential that valves and flanges be insulated alongwith the piping.Valve and flange boxes are lined with preformed rigidor flexible insulating material. Direct contact betweenthe metal of the box and the insulated metal surfaceshould be avoided. This can be insulated by mattresseswhich consist of glass or silica fibre cloth envelopepacked with loose fill.

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

11/45

5 2 2 4 Flexible insulationWhere flexible insulation for example, mattresses areused for insulation of pipes it is necessary tounderstand that a flat product is to be wrapped arounda curved profile of a pipe where there is considerabledifference in the inner and outer perimeters of theapplied insulation. It is therefore essential to size themattress of a specified width with a length equal to theouter perimeter to ensure that the blanket materialprovides a total thermal envelope. is also necessaryto limit the thickness of individual layers of insulationfor a distortion-free condition of the insulant. Further,a flexible matrix may not have the required compressivestrength to bear the external load, including the weightof the outer covering. Cladding support rings, fittedwith spacers equal to thickness of insulation wouldbe require forthepurpose5 2 2 5 Plastic compositionBefore application of plastic composition, the pipesurface should be heated to a minimum temperatureof 65C The composition should be applied by handin layers, each laye r be ing allowed to dry beforesuccessive layers are applied. The first layer should belimited to 12to 25 mm in thickness. Remaining layersmay be built up of 25 mm thickness.5 2 2 6 Spray insulationSpray appl ied insulat ion is general ly sui table forirregular surfaces where it is applied on pipes suitablefor diameter greater than 150 mm nominal size andgood allround access is necessary. Adjacent equipmentshould be protected from overspray. Mineral fibres andpolyurethane foam can be applied by sprayingWorkshop spraying should be carried out in suitablebooth and the operator should wear protective clothing,including a fresh-air mask.5 2 2 7 Loosefill insulationLoose-fill will require an outer retaining cover fittedto the pipe with necessary spacers and the filling shouldbe poured or packed to the density as called for to meetrequired thermal conductivity. In vertical pipes, baffleplates should be fitted as necessary to prevent settling.5 2 2 8 Vessels n large surfaceGenerally the need to dismantle associate pipe workfor inspection should be anticipated and permanentinsulation ended sufficiently far from flanges to enablebolts to be withdrawn.5 2 2 9 Preformed materials may be necessary to cut preformed materials to fitany irregular contour. Alternatively, suitable materialmay be applied to render the surface close to a regular

5

IS 6 : 2008shape as a foundation layer. All cut faces should beclean and care should be taken to butt adjacent edgesclosely.5 2 2 1 Flexible materialAdjacent edges of flexible insulation should be securedin close contact with each other by binding togetherouter containing medium such as a wire netting. Careshould be taken to see that air spaces are kept to aminimum and that there are no free passages from hotsurfaces to atmosphere.5 2 2 11 Spray insulationThe material consists of a mixture of milled mineralfibre and hydraulic binders. It is applied by sprayingtogether with jets of deionized water.5.2.3 Where protrusions are such that they are alsoinsulated like pipe-connections but with an insulationthickness less than that of t he main system, fullthickness of the main system is to be extended alongsuch extensions for a length of not less than thrice thefull thickness.5.3 Insulation Over Cold Surfaces5.3.1 For an equal temperature difference across theinsulation, the thickness of same material required forcold insulation is relatively higher than for hotinsulation. Since the vapour seals applied to theinsulated cold surfaces are frequently trowelled orsprayed-on, it is essential tha t the purchaser givesconsideration, at the design stage, to the sealing to beused, to ensure that there is sufficient working spacebetween pipes, vessels and structures to allow easyapplication of all the materials involved.5.3.2 Special care should be taken over the applicationand vapour-sealing of cold insulation, since evenminute faults can lead to condensation taking placewithin the insulation or to ice formation on the coldsurface.5.3.3 Even though there is less possibility of movementof pipes having cold surfaces, it is preferable to insulatethe pipes separately as far as possible.5.3.4 Where multilayer insulation is adopted on coldsurfaces, in addition to the precautions given in 5.3.1,the final two layers shall be provided with adequatevapor barrier where the operating temperature is belowOC5 3 5 Stiffener angles weld protrusions laddersupports, insulation support rings, pipe hangers or anymetal connections not otherwise scheduled to receiveinsulation shall be insulated, if in direct contact withthe cold surface. The insulation over such protrusionsshall have an insulation thickness over them of at least

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

12/45

IS 6 : 2008

The locations of studs or cleats will depend on theweight of insulat ion to be attached, as well as on thelocation of the surface, and on the degree of vibrationto which the plant may be subjected under serviceconditions. For large flat surfaces, reasonable averagespacing would be as given below:

450 mm spacing600 rnnf or 750mm- spacing300 mm? spacing

Vertical surfacesUpward-facing surfacesOver-hanging and downward-Facing surface

For large-radius curved surfaces, if welding ispermitted, 450 to 600 mm uniform spacing isconsidered suitable, but this may be modified forvertical large cylindrical surfaces when cleats arerequired to prevent downward movement of theinsulat ing material . Cleats may not be required for

5.4 Insulation Supports5.4.1 The insulation shall be supported when appliedto the sides of or underneath large vessels or ducts orto long runs of vertical piping. Supports shall be cleats,studs, washers, nuts, bolts, lugs, pins or collars (rings)which shall be either welded to the hot surface or tobands which are then strapped round the surface. Thesesupports serve to hold the insulation in place, preventits slipping, or support t above expansion joints. Inaddition, they shall provide necessary anchorage forlacing wire or wire netting which may be required tohold the insulation in p lace and /o r to providereinforcement for the insulation or a finishing material.Depending on their function, supports shall eitherpenetrate only partly through the insulation or protrudeslightly beyond it. But in no case the supports shallprotrude through the final finish.5.4.2 Carbon steel lugs and attachments shall not bewelded directly to alloy steels. Angles, flat cleats andsimilar large attachments may be secured by electricarc welding or gas welding, using a procedureappropriate to the mater ia ls , the thickness of thesurface, and that of the attachment. For that surface onwhich site-welding of attachments is not permissible,it may be essential to pre-weld suitable metal pads tofix such attachments.

of the bolts without disturbing the main insulation. Inall cases, the vapour seal on the fittings shall be carriedover to at least 50 mm beyond the finished vapourbarrier of the main insulat ion system and sealedproperly. The thickness of insulation applied to a fittingshall be atleast equal to the system on which the fittingis located.5.3.10 Vapour sealing materials shall be carried overexpansion joints or contraction breaks without a joint.

5.3.9 In the case of cold insulation, the vapour sealand the protective finish of the main system shall havebeen completed before the insulation of the fittings istaken up. The main insulation shall stop short of thefittings on both the sides so as to allow for withdrawal

a) Foils - Aluminium foil, minimum 0.05 mmthick or foil laminated to kraft paper of 60 g/m , Min or other suitable laminates sealedwith bituminous or other adhesives.

b) BituminousandResinous Mastics - Bitumen(conforming to fully blown type ofIS 702 andits various compounds and resinous masticshaving a water vapour permeance (for twocoats) of not more than 2.8 x 10- g/s MN.

c) lastic heets - Mainly polyester ,polyethylene, polyisobutylene and PVCcoated fabric suitably sealed. Such sheetsnormally need further protection.

5.3.8 Application fo r Vapour Seals5.3.8.1 When a vapour seal material is applied overinsulation, it shall be carried down over all exposededges of the insulation (for example, fittings on pipesor skirts on vessels) and bonded to the surface of thepipe or vessel. At all such points a mastic fillet shall beprovided to round off the angle between the insulationand the cold surface.5.3.8.2 When insulating long runs of pipe, the ends ofthe insulation shall be sealed off at suitable intervalsand the vapour seal shall be carried down to the pipesurface.

80 percent of the thickness of the adjoining insulation.In all such cases the insula tion shall be extended toensure that the nearest exposed surface has atemperature above OCor above dew point as specifiedby the purchaser.5.3.6 Wherever there is any discontinuity in vapourbarrier in the vicinity of fittings or other protrusionson insulated cold surfaces, adequate vapour barriershall be provided at such joints also.5 3 7 Vapour Sealing for Cold Insulation5.3.7.1 A cold insulation system is only as effective asits vapour barrier. A poor vapour bar rier causesmoisture migration into the body of the insulationcausing the following:

a) Deterioration in the insulation value,b) Physical damage to the insulation, andc) Corrosion of the insulated surface.

5 3 7 2 Materials for vapour sealingThe following materials are suitable for use as vapourseals:

6

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

13/45

horizontal cylindrical surface if it is possible to providecircumferential straps that can be tensioned over theinsulation.Welded attachments should preferably penetrate intothe insulating material only to the minimum extentnecessary. In special circumstances, such penetrationshould notbe> 0.7 times the thickness of the insulatingmaterial. The cross-sectional area of the attachmentsshould be the minimum consistent with the requiredmechanical strength in order to avoid excessive transferof heat or cold by metallic conduction.It is important to remember that a welded attachmentwill be subjected to the same extent of thermalmovement as the insulation with the resul tan tpossibility of tearing the insulation or finish, unlesscare is taken to allow for this, for example, byexpansion joints or by use of ship lap joints.5.4.3 Insulation supports will depend on the insulationused, finish, mode of application and shall be adequateto prevent displacement of the insulation and its vapourbarrier during operation. In no case shall the lugs orother insulation supports project over the cold surfacesfo r more than 0 7 0 times of th e total insulationthickness, in order to avoid punctures in the vapourbarrier.5.4.4 Insulation supports are normally provided afterthe final erection of plant. However, where for anyreason whatsoever site welding is not permitted, thequestion of securing the insulation shall be consideredat the design stage, so that provision for this purposecan be made while the equipment is being fabricatedor erected.5.4.5 The purchaser shall indicate in his specification,the typeof supports for insulation and cladding, whichare to be supplied and fixed, and shall state whetherwelding will be allowed at site and on the surface to beinsulated.5.5 Surface Preparation5.5.1 Before application of the insulation, the surfaceshall be wire-brushed to remove all dirt, rust, scale,oil, etc and dried.5.5.2 All surfaces shall be coated with a suitable anticorrosive primer wherever necessary before they areinsulated. Any shop-paint film has to be removedlocally,down to the bare metal, before attachments arewelded to the surface. Ideally, this paint would beapplied after all welded attachments have been fixedin position.5.5.3 All austenitic stainless steel surfaces, proposedto be insulated and subjected to an operatingtemperature of 250C and above shall be suitablyprotected by using inhibited insulating materials.

IS 6 : 20085.6 Application of Insulation5.6.1 The method of Installation and securing of theinsulating material shall be consistent with therequirements defined in 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5. Thefollowing methods applicable to flexible insulation,rigid insulation etc, shall be followed. Further specificareas of work, namely, pipes, ducts, vessels etc, shallbe insulated as given in 5.6.6.Stiffener angles, weld protrusions, ladder supports,insulation supports rings, pipe hangers or any metalconnections not otherwise scheduled to receiveinsulation shall be insulated if there is an indirectcontact with the hot surface. Thickness of insulationon such protrusions shall be not less than 50 percentof the thickness t of the main system. The minimumextension of the insulation over the protrusions fromthe main vessel or pipeline shall be equal to 4 t.5.6.2 Flexible InsulationFlexible materials, namely, mats, batts, or blanketsfaced on one or both sides with a suitable facingmaterial, shall be appl ied in any of the followingmanner:

a By means of a tie wire 0.9 mm dia G.I. ; .b By means of metal bands for example 0.56

mm thick, 20 mm wide ;c By means of wire netting on oute r side,

suitably laces; ord By means of an adhesive between the layer

and metal surface further assistedby a tie wire,if necessary. This is specially applicable forcold insulation.

NOTES1 Unless otherwise specified, the diameter of lacing wire shallbe 0.56 mm, Min and the wire netting shall be of maximum20 mm mesh and minimum 0.56 mm diameter.2 For interface temperature of 400C and above. stainless steelbinding wire/band/wire mesh shall be used.

5.6.3 Preformed InsulationRigid insulating materials, namely, blocks or boardsmay be applied in any of the following manner:

a By means of suitable metal bands forexample 0.56 mm thick, 20 mm wide ;

b By means of wire netting on outer side;c With edges lightly coated with an approved

joint sealer, and further secured with metalbands for example 0.56 mm thick, 20 mmwide or tie wire 0.9 mm dia, G.I. ; or

d By means of suitable adhesives, keeping inview the service temperature, with the jointsduly sealed.

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

14/45

IS 14164 : 2008NOTES1 Wherever preformed thermal insulating material is used careshall be taken so that minimum numbers of segments arechosen.2 In alJ cases c are shall be taken to till the jo int s with thesame basic insulating material in the loose form are properlypacked into the joints.3 Effect ive vapour seal shalJ also be ensured while applyingover cold surfaces.

5.6.4 Plastic Composition Thermal Insulation5.6.4.1 These are supplied in the form of a dry powderwhich is mixed with water to form a soft mortar ofeven consistency suitable for application by hand orwith a trowel.5.6.4.2 Thermal insulating cements require heat fordrying to ensure initial adhesion to the surface. Allsurfaces insulated with thermal insulating cements maytherefore bekeptw rm throughout the pplic tion ofthe insulation. The temperature of the surface shall beas specified by the manufacturer of the cement.5.6.4.3 Initial adhesion between the insulation and thesurf e is best obtained by rubbing the surface with ahandful of wet mortar. When this initial coat is dry thefirst layer of insulation not more than mm thick isapplied by hand the fingers being drawn through thematerial and pressed at the edges to ensure goodadhesion. The surface shall be left rough and fingermarked to form a good key fo r the next layer.Successive layers each not more than 12 mm thickshall then be applied in the same manner until therequired thickness is built up. Each layer shall beallowed to dry out completely before application ofthe next layer. The final layer only shall be trowelledto a smooth surface. Excessive troweling shall beavoided.5.6.4.4 On vessels pipes and ducts thermal insulatingcements require reinforcement for thickness in excessof 40 mm. In such cases short lugs at suitable intervalsshall be attached to the surface see 5.4.1 to whichare secured soft lugs of mm diameter. These lugswires shall be greater in length than the total thicknessof the insulation. The insulation is then applied asprescribed in 5.6.4.3 but leaving the lugs protruding.When half the total thickness has cell applied and hasdried out the insulation shall be wrapped with softwire netting 25 mm mesh and 0.56 mm diameter. Thisshall be laced together with soft lacing wire 0.56 mmdiameter and fastened down to the lugs. When the finallayer of insulation has been applied and trowel ledsmooth and has dried out a second layer of wirenetting shall be wrapped around the insulation lacedtogether and secured with the tie wires. The ends ofthe tie wires should then be pushed well into theinsulation.

8

5.6.5 Loose Fill InsulationThis may be adopted by agreement between thepurchaser and the applicator. Locations where loosefill insulation is recommended include the following:

a Expansion/contraction joints in an applicationwhen rigid insulation has been used orb Specific areas of the equipment whereconventional methods of application may notbe possible and where packing with loose fillis the only pos sible method of providinginsulation.

NOTE - The thermal insul at ion cement and loose fillinsulation are generally associated with insulation of hotsurfaces and are not recommended for insulation of coldsurfaces.

5.6.6 Insulation of pipes ducts vessels etc shall becarried out by anyone of the methods alreadymentioned. However specific considerationspertaining to insulation of pipes ducts vessels etcare detailed below in 5.6.6.1 to 5.6.6.3 subject to theprecautions outlined in 5.1 to 5.5 above. Typicalinsulation of pipe at elevated temperature pipe forcold application pipe with elbow bunch of tubes andtank/equipment/vessels are shown as example inFig. 1 to 7.5.6.6.1 PipesOn continuous runs of 6 m or more of vertical pipesupport rings shall be provided at not more than 3-mintervals. Such rings shall encircle the pipe and theradial lugs thereon shall have a length equal to 75percent of the total insulation thickness.5.6.6.2 DuctsWhen insulation is applied around the corners of theduct care shall be taken to counteract the tendency ofthe material to thin down at these locations.5.6.6.3 VesselsAll large vertical vessels of a height of 6 m or moreshall be provided with support rings at not more than3 m intervals. Such rings shall encompass the vesseland the radial lugs thereon shall have a length equal to75 percent of the total insulat ion thickness. Extrainsulation shall be provided over the support r ingssee 5.1.4 This shall extend for 25 mm on each sideof the ring and shall be mitred to 45C for water-shedon the upper side.6 FINISHING6.1 Protective coverings or finishes are required overthe insulation for one or more of the following reasons:

a Protection against mechanical damage

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

15/45

7SnCm

61mleh55mSSSanSew

1mcclouny

5SSb

mwd4mthc

MaSCan

S

O

VEW

SUON

ARV

SLTL

AFOLOfOMM

CMCBOARD

3MH

MSFATLU

A3CC6

Ree

Dpo

PeomInuao

SSppwhumnumfo00mthc

3SSScnwe09m

FGPPINUOAE

TM

Iem

N 1MSRnhbodweeesuaenevsp

ovew

2Macan

moaouny

umeeaonswbewhnm

3n

peomnuaopopnee

SSb aU

om1mwd4mthc

bO0

m1mwd5mthc

Sn

MISSap3mwd

0mthcSoshbodw

pnu

shbn

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

16/45

IS 4 64 : 2 8

9 Sealent for metal cladding Metal cladding7 Vapour barrier with adhesive for laps6 Adhesive for laps of vapour barrier5 Fire retardant Aluminium Foil Craft paper laminate jacket of 0.1 mm thick foil4 S.S. Band of W wide and 0.02 thick of S.S. 3043 Sealant for insulation2 Performed pipe sections like Polyurethane foamI Process pipe

Item DescriptionReference

FIG 2 PIPE INSULATION FOR OLDApPLICATION

10

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

17/45

SB

1MWID04MTH

UO6MOD

MAAN

2G

WIR

MESH

PRACD

INTWOHV

N 1MSRnhbodweeeasuaenevsp

ovew

2Macan

moalounyacmeeaonswbewhncm

3n

peominuaosopn

ee

4SB a

Uto>

m1mwd4mthc

bO69m1mwd5mthc

Sn

MISSap3mwd

0mthcSoshbodwepnuhbn

G3NUOOPPAEW

PP INUAO

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

18/45

Noo

v

O

N

GLWINWIR

G

WIR

INUAO

SSSANCW

l

L

Tx55MMDA

MC

FG4NUOOUNCHOE

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

19/45

M.SF

L

OOI

6

O6mOD1mwd5m

o04mhc

4SSSTSew1mlehx55m

dam

7SSScnwe09m0uo

lOOD

6MSFaL

5SSb

LKL

O.0MMT

0

SSSY1O

SUORN

OO

n

SOXFOSUORN

O.0MMnO

5SSRA

L

ARV

3MT

CMCB

DETILB

NB

WITWAH

3Mashocan

FG5ATAEPMEV

INU

OACOWITRWOINU

N 1MSFaseogeo

whsbsday3mCC

2Aumnumcanh

moaounyacmeeaonswbewhnm

2Inuao

2mxmMSFaa8mInev

Iem

Dpo

Ree

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

20/45

OL

O0MKO S

OXFOSUORN

NooQO

G6

T

EPMEV

INUOACOWITRWOINUO

B7SSScnw

09m0uo

1

6

MSFaL

5

SSb

O6m

-1mwdx

05mo04mhc

4SSSTSwmleh5m

da1mrn

3Ma

oan

2Inao

I2mx3mMSFaa8m

Inev

Iem

Dpo

R

AOL

O0MrsSURbCcONY

SUORN

ARIVET

DETIL

MSF A

C6

DETILB

N 1MSFa

oge

whn&bay3met

2Aumnumcan

moaounycm

aonwbewhsnm

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

21/45

SATOBINUAD

IL 3 m: L G2rcFor 3 mCL G2 y

where y= 1 5

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

31/45

IG 24

Typical Exemplifications

IS 4 64 : 2 8

Relevant Surfaces

L 2n y4y= 1 27 where Z < D/3

andy 1 75 where D/3

FIG 25 T L 2n y4where Y= 1 27

IG 26 L

25

2nL Y Cy= 1 27 where Z < D/3

andy= 1 75 w h e r e Z ~ D

andY = 1 2

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

32/45

IS 14164 : 20089.3.1.1 Hot and cold insulation with sheet metal finish:

D e + 9.3.1.2 Traced piping hot service insulation with sheetmetal finish:

NOTE - For areas having n on -c ir cu la r s ec ti on fo r exam plesquare s ection) the above form ulae are s till valid. consideringD as equivalent diameter.

D==Deqwhere

etc) shall be converted to equivalent straight pipinglengths, according to Table 2.9.3.3 Measurement criteria of L lengths relevant toNB < 50 mm piping is given in Fig. 27.9.3.4 Measurement criteria of L lengths relevant toNB 50 mm piping is given in Fig. 28.9.3.5 Calculation ofSurface to be Insulated9.3.5.1 Insulation ofsingle pipingThe surfaces being insulated shall be conventionallydetermined as follows:

A _ r_L_ _ - -L..;...I_L_e : J1000t

Perimeter of non-circular section, in mmD eq. mm 9.3.2 Measurementofthe Lengths Relevant to InsulatedPiping9.3.2.1 Measurements shall be carried out incompliance with typical examples as per Fig. 27 forNB < 50 mm piping and Fig. 28 for NB 50 mmprprng.9.3.2.2 Pipe fittingsIrregularly shaped insulation involving specialexecution procedure like elbows, fittings, T-branches,

whereA surface being insulated, in m : i outside diameter of insulated i prping,according to the definitions as per 9.3.1 in

mm;L L j summation of lengths of straight i pipinglengths, m see Fig. 27 and Fig. 28); andL Le i summation of conventional equivalent

lengths L; for special parts relevant to ipiping, m see Fig. 28), in m.

Table 2 Conventional Equivalent Lengths for Special Parts 1)Clause 9.3.2.2

Piping Elbow Elbow Tee Reducer Ca p Insulated Insulated I nsul at ed Insul at ed In sul at edNB6) 90E 45E Branch2) ) Flange Flanged Flange Flanged WeldedPair with Valve Pair with Valve ValveRemova- with Fix Box? with Fix with Fixble Box4) Remova Box 5) Box 5)ble Box 5)

M) M) M) M) M) m) M) M) M) M)Hot and Cold Service Insulation with Sheet Metal Finish )

I) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) I I:0;40 0.5 0.35 0.70 0.20 0.20 1.80 2.50 1.08 1.50 0.20

50 to 85 0.6 OAO 0.70 0.20 0.20 1.90 3.00 1.14 1.80 0.60100 to 150 1.00 0.65 0.70 0.20 0.20 2.00 3.50 1.12 2.10 0.6020 0 to 350 l O 0.85 0.75 0.20 0.20 2.50 4.00 1.50 2.40 0.60350 to 500 1.50 0.90 0.85 0.30 0.20 2.70 4.50 1.62 2.70 0.60600 1.70 1.05 1.10 O 0.20 3.00 6.00 1.80 3.00 0.60

NOTE - Radius of elbow is co ns id er ed as 1.5 D.I The e qu iv al en t l en gt hs show n in th e t ab le s ar e a pp li ca bl e f or t ypes of i ns ul at io n s pe ci fi ed in same t ab le s t he se are the most

frequently used ins ulation types ); changing the application procedure of ins ulation by eliminating, for example, the aluminiumprotection), the equivalent lengths might be different from the tabulated figures.

2) For reducers and T -branches. the equivalent lengths refer to the higher NB.l) Typical installations. such as pressure plugs. temperature plugs. vents. drains. etc. are not considered and calculated as T branches.4 Orifice fittings are conventionally considered as a pair of fittings.5 Flow meters. V-strainers, control valves, safety valves. sight glasses, expansion joints are conventionally considered as valves.6 For areas having non-circular section see Note under 9.3.1.2).

26

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

33/45

IS 14164 : 2 8

>

EQUIPMENT

FIG 27 MEASUREMENT CRITERIA OF L LENGTHS RELEVANT TO NB 50 mmPIPING TYPICAL EXAMPLE EQUIPMENT

9.3.5.2 Bundle of piping insulated together is shownin Fig. 29.9.3.6 For protection of insulated pipelines runningclose to the ground from mechanical damage due tofoot traffic and/or from corrosion due to moisture fromground any hardset ting compound and/or waterproofing treatment is/are provided such items of workare to be measured separately.9 3 7 Anti corrosive painting or wrapping withaluminium foil over stainless steel/alloy steel pipingand equipment prior to application of insulation shallbe measured separately.9.3.8 Any mode of measurement other than the above

27

may also be adopted if agreed to between thepurchaserand the applicator.1 INFORMATION REQUIRED1 1 The purchaser shall provide the contractor withthe appropriate information undereach of the followingheadings to enable the contractor to make acompressive offer/quotation.1 1 1 pplication pecifications1 1 1 1 election thermal insulating materialBefore deciding on the insulating material to be usedfor any specific purpose the following factors shouldbe considered:

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

34/45

IS 6 : 2008eat nsulation

Cold-face temperature minimum and maximumHot-face temperature maximum and minimumAmbient temperatureThermal conductivityThickness of insulation requiredMechanical strengthHealth hazardFire hazardThermal movement expansionPermeability of insulating material with need forprotectionProtective covering and finishCost including that for application and finish

RefrigerationCold-face temperature minimum and maximumWarm-face temperature maximum and minimumAmbient temperature and humidityThermal conductivity agedThickness of insulation requiredMechanical strengthHealth hazardFire hazardThermal movement contractionVapour sealing of systemProtective covering and finishCost including that for application and finish

QU PM NT

QU PM NT

EQUIPMENT

BLINDFL NG

FIG 28 MEASUREMENT CRITERIA OF LENGTHS RELEVANT TO NB 50 mm PIPING - TYPIC L EXAMPLE28

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

35/45

IS 14164 : 2 8

CL

IcFIG 9 BUNDLES OF PIPES INSULATED TOGETHER

1 1 2Types of insulation required for the main vessels,and pipes of each par t of the plant and for bends,fittings, valves, hangers and other fittings.1 1 3 Type s Finish es Required1 1 4 If the thickness of the var ious insulat ions inthe system are not furnished/or specified by thepurchaser, then the basis of working out the differentthicknesses shall be furnished by the purchaser, asfor example whether th e thicknesses are to becalculated, based on:

a E co no mi ca l t hi ck ne ss f or a specifiedevaluation period;

b Specified heat loss or heat gain p er unitdimension of the insulation;

c Specified temperature on outer surface of theinsulation for personnel protection and safety;

d Prevention of condensation on the outersurface of the insulation Outer surfacetemperature should be above the dew point;

e Specified temperature of the carried fluidalong with maximum and minimumflow ratesat the point of delivery;

f Any other specific requirement to be fulfilledby the thermal insulation;

9

g Velocity of the outside fluid air ;h Material of the cladding surface; andj Relative humidity.

In each case, the purchaser shall provide the applicatorwith the requisite information as above, to enable theapplicator to make the necessary calculations beforemaking his offer/quotation.1 1 5 Details of the plant to be insulated including:

a Location:I Indoors;2 Outdoors but protected;3 Outdoors exposed to weather;4 Ventilated or open trenches; and5 Difficult or unusual site conditions which

will influence the selection of insulatingand/or finishing materials, for example,in regard to transport scaffolding orweather protection.

b Nature and material of construction of vesseland piping to be insulated.

c Dimensions of surfaces these ar eadequately detailed in drawings the provision

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

36/45

IS 14164 : 2008of copies shall suffice. Otherwise informationof the following nature is required: Surface dimensions of vessels,2 External diameters and lengths of pipe3 Number and type of fittings, and4 Whether rotating or stationary.

d Temperature conditions including the normaland maximum working temperature of eachportion of the plant and the ambienttemperature to be reckoned for calculations.

10.1.6 Special service requirements such as resistanceto compression, in combustibility, abnormal variationsor attack by solvents/corrosive media.11 TESTS Tests forThicknessTests for thickness shall be carried out after application.Local irregularities for example, rivet heads on theinsul ted surf e shall be ignored.11.1.1 If the arithmetic mean of not less than nine probemeasurements at a given location is less than theminimum thickness as required by the purchaser orless than the commercia l thickness offered by theapplicator subject to previously agreed tolerances ,whichever is appropriate, the material applied at thatlocation shall be deemed not to comply with thisstandard.11.2 Uniformity of Thickness11.2.1 Uniformity of thickness shall be assessed fromthe same measurements as in 11 1 1 if anymeasurement varies by more than 13 mm or 15percent whichever is appropriate, the material appliedat that location shall be deemed not to comply withthis standard.11.2.2 thickness at any particular location is beyond15 percent from the agreed thickness, the test shallbe repeated at two more locations in the immedia tevicinity of the first location. both the tests are within

30

15 percent from the agreed bulk density, the resultsshall be deemed to be satisfactory. However, if any ofthe two tests are beyond 15 percent, the insulationshall be deemed to have failed in the bulk density testand the purchaser shall be at liberty to ask the supplierto redo the insulation in the required area.11.2.3 The test location shall be made good by theapplicator at no ext ra cos t to the satis faction of thepurchaser.11.3 Test for Bulk DensityThis test shall be optional and shall be resorted to onlyif previously agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier. In such a case, the number of such testsfor the whole work shall also be predetermined seealso 5 1 211.3.1 The test for bulk density shall be carr ied outafter the measurements of thickness and area have beentaken on the insulating material.11.3.2The location where tests for bulk density are tobe conducted shall be selected by the purchaser.11 3 3 thickness at any particular location isbeyond 15 percent from the agreed thickness, thetest shall be repeated at two more locations in theimmediate vicinity of the first location. If both thetests are within 15 percent from the agreed bulkdensity, the results shall be deemed to be satisfactory.However, if any of the two tests are beyond 15percent, the insulation shall be deemed to have failedin the bulk density test and the purchaser shall be atl iberty to ask the supplier to redo the insulation inthe required area.11.3.4 The test location shall be made good by theapplicator at no ext ra cos t to the satisfaction of thepurchaser.11.4 Test for Finishing CementsThe test for finishing cements shall be carried out afterapplication and finishing of thermal insulation workand shall be done in accordance with the methodprescribed in IS 9743.

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

37/45

SymbolC C1

ehehrfat;foI

KKnEFLeffVXyZ

ANNEXAForeword and Clause 3)

SYMBOLSTitleCircumferences measured on the external surface of insulation, defined case bycase, in the typicalexemplificationsConventional external diameter of insulated apparatuses defined case by case, inthe typical exemplificationsOutsidediameter of insulatedtpipingOuterdiameterof bare pipeOutsidediameterof the tracingpipeCylinderdiameterto be takenas 0.6 for flatsurface or diameterover 0.6 mDiameterof the outersurfaceof the nthlayerNominal thickness of insulating material provided by mechanical finishingexcluded

Surfacearea being insulatedSummation of lengths of straight / pipingSummation of conventional equivalent lengths for specialparts relevantto IQuantity of heat passing through a unit area of the pipe/equipment/wall during aunittimeQuantityof heattransferby radiationQuantity of heat transferby convectionHeat transfercoefficient by convectionHeat transfercoefficient by radiationi\rnbienttemperatureTemperature of cold faceof pipe/equipment/wall or claddingsurfaceTemperature of hot face ofpipe/equipmentlwallOverallthickness of insulationThickness of the nth layerof insulationLength of straight parts of pipe line defined case by case, in the typicalexemplificationsThicknessof the nth layerof insulationThermalconductivity of insulationThermalconductivity of the nth layerEmissivityExternal total heat transfersurfacecoefficient, F hehEffective lengthof pipe lineAir velocityConventional equivalentlengths of insulated parts havingirregularshapesAppliedcoefficients of insulated partshavingirregular shapesHeightof the dishedend

31

IS 4 64 : 2 8

Unitm

mmmmmmm

kcal/mi.hkcal/mi.h

kcal/rrr Ji Ckcal/rrr .h CCCCmmmmmW/cm Ckcal/m2 h C

kcal/rrr.h Cmmlsm

m

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

38/45

IS 14164 : 2008NNEXForeword

METHOD OF CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS/GAINFOR INSULATION

B 1 Thermal conductivity is measured using standardtest method. A series of measurements are generallymade at different hot and cold face temperatures to getthe values at different mean temperatures. From theseexperimentally determined values, it is necessary forthe purpose of heat transfer calculation to deduce theconductivity at the combination of hot and cold facetemperatures appertaining to each particularinstallation. To do this, the values are plotted againstthe corresponding mean temperature the meantemperature being the arithmetic mean of the hot andcold face temperatures) and a smooth curve is drawnthrough the points. For any particular installation theappropriate Thermal conductivity value is then thevalue read from the graph for the mean temperaturecorresponding to t he actua l ho t and cold facetemperatures of that illumination.B 2 Where the conductivity values at the exact meantemperature are not available even by intrapolation/extrapolation if permissible) as given in relevant index,values for the nearest higher temperature may beaccepted for design, the difference between desired andavailable temperature being not more than 50C.

NOTE - Normal conditions here mean broadly that the coldface of the insulat ion is, apart from any finishing materia ls .exposed to the atmosphere. may, of course reach atemperature well above atmospheric temperature.

B 3 Design thickness of any insulation material for aparticular use may be done according to the specificrequirement of the user/purchaser according to thenormal methods of calculations which are normallyavailable.B 4 METHOD OF CALCULATIONB 4 1 For Flat WallHeat transfer through a flat wall, hearth, or roofconsisting of n layers is given by the followingequation.

Q = to ta /W/K1 K2 ----- l/Kn l/F]where

F = h, heB 4 2 For Cylindrical WallIn case of a cylindrical wall calculate the quantity ofheat passing through the insulation by the equationgiven below:

32

+d /2K l n d, /d _I +lI F]Heat is transferred from the cold face of the wall in toopen air through radiation and convection. Calculatethe heat transferred through radiation and convectionby the equation given below:

B 4 3 Radiation Heat Transfer CoefficientCalculate the radiation heat transfer Coefficient hr)by the equation given below:h; = 4.876 X 10-8 x e x { ts 273)4 - ta 273)4 }/ fs - fa)B 4 4 HeatTransfer Coefficient for ConvectionCalculate the convection heat transfer co-efficient he)by the equation given below:he=2.71 X 1.15 X 1/ 39.37 X dm )0.2 X O.55/tav)0.t8t X

r, - t.)0.266 X 1.8) 1.266 X 196.85 V/68.9 1 0.5whereQ = quantity of heat passing through a unit areaof the pipe/equipment/wall during a unit

time, in kcal/m-Ji;Q = quant ity of heat t ransfer by radiation, inKcal/m2.h;Qe = quantity of heat transfer by convection, inkcal/m-Ji;de = pipe outer diameter, in m; = diameter of the outer surface of the firstlayer, in m;dn = diameter of the outer surface of the nth layer,inm;to = temperature of hot face of pipe/equipmentwall, in C;ts = temperature of cold face of pipe/equipmentwall or cladding surface, in C;ta = ambient temperature, in C;F = heat transfer co-efficient, in kcal/rrrh C;h, = heat transfer co-efficient by radiation, in

kcal/m-Ji C;

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

39/45

IS 14164 : 2008

B-4.SRecommendationNOTE - Thermal co nd uct iv ity , k k ca ll m. h C) used in thisformula represents the value at mean temperature.

Temperature over insulated systems are parameters thatare influenced by the heat flow from or inch) systemand the ambient factors like air temperature and airflow velocity over the surface.Apart from safety criteria from which they should belimited to 55C, Max under all conditions of exposure,this parameter is the only easily measurable entity todetermine heat loss/gain.Permissible heat l os se s d if fe r f ro m a pp li ca ti on toapplication. However, the fol lowing criteria arenormally advisable:

he = heat transfer co-efficient by convection, inkcal/m/.h c emissivity of the wall;K = thermal conductivity of the first layer, inkcal/rn-Ii C;K2 = thermal conductivity of the second layer, inkcal/m-Ji C;x, thermal conductivity of the nth layer, inkcal/m-Ji C;II = thickness of the first layer of insulation, inm:,l2 = thickness of the second layer of insulation,m m;t = thickness of the nth layer of insulation, inm,dm = cylinder diameter in meters, to be taken as

0.6 for flat surface or diameter over 0.6 m; = average of surface temperature and ambienttemperature, O =[0.5 x t s ] 273.15;andV = air velocity, in mls.

table below are to be added to the real lengthL of pipeline, to account for the presence ofvalves and slide valves in a piping systembefore calculating the heat loss. These valuesaccount for the valve and its own flanges, butnot for the flanges where the valve mounts inthe piping system.Lerr= L +. 1 LValues in the table assume typical industrialinsulation thicknesses for the temperaturesgiven, and thermal conductivities K = 0.8mW/ m.C) at lOQo mean temperature, andK = 1.0 mW/ mC at 400C meantemperature.

b) Pair ofFlangesTo account for the heat losses from a pair offlanges in a piping system including theflange pair when a valve is mounted):1 Non-insulated flanges: From the table

above, use one third given for a valve ofthe same diameter. Add this to the reallength of the piping before calculating theheat losses.

2 Insulated with flange boxes: To the realle ng th of the piping, add one metre foreach flange with flange box, beforecalculating the heat losses.

3 nsulated flanges No adjustmentrequired; calculate heat losses based onreal length.

c Pipe SuspensionsAdd to heat loss calculation without previouscompensation for other components):In interior spaces: 15 percent of the heat lossIn the open air : 20 percent of the heat loss

without windIn the open air : 2 5 percent of the heat loss

with wind

Pipe diameter dc, in em 10.0 50.0Pipe temperature, in C 100 400 100 400Pipe Non-insulated valve 6 16 9 25located 2/3 Insulated valve 3.0 6.0 4.0 10.0inside 3/4 insulated valve 2.5 5.0 3.0 7.5Pipe Non-insulated valve 15 22 19 32located 2/3 Insulated valve 6.0 8.0 7.0 11.0outside 3/4 insulated valve 4.5 6.0 6.0 8.5

MaximumSurfaceTemperatureDifferential10172025

MaximumPermissibleHeat Losskcal/mvh5085100125

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

40/45

IS 14164 : 2008B-6 SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND SURFACECOEFFICIENTSB-6.1 is often stipulated in practice, for operationalreasons, that a certain surface temperature, temperatureof the surface above that of the air also called excesstemperature must not be exceeded. The surfacetemperature is no measure for the quality of the thermalinsulation. This depends no t only on the heattransmission but also on operating conditions, whichcannot be readily determined or guaranteed by themanufacturer. These include among other things:Ambient temperature, movement of the air, state ofthe insulation surface effect of adjacent bodies,meteorological conditions, etc. Reduction of heat lossby convection would mean reduction of air movementove r the sur face and consequen t reduc tion ofconvective heat transfer surface coefficient. Reductionof heat transfer by radiation would mean reduction ofsur face emiss ivity and consequent reduction ofradiative heat transfer surface coefficient. Although theincrease in total surface resistance, which is reciprocalof the total surface coefficient will decrease the heatflow, but would increase the surface temperature to aconsiderably greater extent.B-6.2 It may, however, be mentioned that convectiveheat transfer to cooler and modiative heat transfer fromhotter environment would work in opposite directionand will have a modera ting effec t on surfacetemperature.B-6.3 Although the surface temperature is not aparameter, which can serve as a guarantee because ofthe above reasons, it plays an important practical rolefor carrying out thermal insulation work. Mostly, theradiative and convective heat transfer from the surfaceintroduces significant deviation. As a very rough guide,for comparison purposes, measurement of surfacetemperatures could be done, if black radiation shieldsare provided and still air conditions are created around

34

the surfaces temperature measurement point. However,it may be stressed that actual surface temperature willbe dependent on the prevailing exposure conditions. surface temperature measurement are needed to bedone for the purchaser, the above conditions may beagreed to by the applicator/supplier and the purchaser/user.B-6.4 Since an accurate registrat ion of all relevantparameters will be impossible, the calculation of thesurface temperature and excess temperature are inexactand cannot be guaranteed. Although it includes theeffect of the ambient temperature on the surfacetemperature it assumes that the heat transfer byconvection and radiation can be covered by a total heattransfer coefficient whose magnitude must also beknown. However , this condition is generally notfulfilled because the air temperature in the immediatevicinity ofthe surface, which determines the convectiveheat t ransfer , mostly depar ts essential ly f rom thetemperature of other surfaces with which the insulationsurface is in radiative exchange.B-6.5 Many heat transfer calculations involve the useof total external surface heat transfer coefficient Ewhich is defined as the heat transfer per square metreof surface/hour for 1C temperature difference betweenthe surface and surroundings mW/cm2 0C .Combining the effects of radiation and convection.

urfaceAluminium, bright rolled 0.05Aluminium, oxidized 0.13Austenitic steel 0.15Aluminium-zinc smelt 0.18Galvanized sheet metal, blank 0.26Galvanized sheet metal, dusty 0.44Non-metallic surfaces 0.94

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

41/45

IS 14164 : 2008ANNEXCForeword

CONVERSION FACTORSC-1 QUANTITY OF HEATC-1.1 The fundamental unit is the joule 1 or wattsecond, but in this standard milliwatt-seconds (rnW.s)= J X 103 is used for convenience.

mW.S kcal BtuI milliwatt-second I 2.388x 10 7 9.478 X 10,7(mW.s)I kilocalorie(kcal) 4.187 x 106 I 3.968I Britishthermal 1.055 x 106 0.252 Iunit (Btu)

C-2 THICKNESSem m in

I centimetre(em) I 0.01 3.937 x 10-1I inch(in) 2.54 0.0254 I

C-3AREAcm2 m2 tf

I squarecentimeter I 1.0 x 10-4 1.076 X 10-3(em')I squaremeter(rn ) 1.0 x 104 I 1.076 x 10I square foot (ft2) 9.29 x 102 9.29 x 10-2 I

C-4 THERMAL TRANSMISSIONThefundamental unitis themW whichequalsto Jls x 103

mW kcal/h Btu/hI milliwatt(mW) I 8.590 x lO 4 3.41 X 10-3I kilocalorie/hour 1.163 x 103 I 3.968(kcal/h)I Britishthermalunit 2.931 x 102 2.52 x 10,1 Ihour (Btu/h)

C-S THERMAL CONDUCTIVITYThe fundamental unit is milliwatt-seconds per squarecentimeter per second for 1 cm thickness and 1C

35

difference in temperature abbreviated in it srationalized form as mw/cmrC.

mW cm C kcal/m h C Btu ln/fr' h I mW/cmoC I 8.598 x 10 2 6.933 x 10,1I kcallmhoe 1.163 x 10 I 8.064I Btu in/ft' hOF 1.442 1.24 x 10,1 I

C6 THERM AL CONDUCT ANCE AN DTRANSMITTANCESurface Convection and Radiation Coefficient

mW/cm20C kcal/m2 h C Btu tt h I mW/cm20C I 8.598 1.7611kcal/m2 ho e 1.163 x 10 1 2.048 x 10I Btu inlft2h 5.678 x 10-1 4.882 1

C-7 HEAT LOSSThe fundamental unit is milliwatt-seconds per squarecentimeter per second, abbreviated in its rationalizedform as mW cm

mW cm kcal/m h tu ft hI rn W/crrr I 8.598 3.17I kcal/rrr.h 1.163 x 10 1 I 3.691 X 10 1I Btu in/fr 'h 3.15xlO l 2.71 1

C-8 HEAT GAINThe fundamental unit is milliwatt-seconds per squarecentimeter per second abbreviated in its rationalizedform as mW cm

mW cm kcal/mfh Btu/ft' hI mW cm 1 8.598 3.17I kcal/mth 1.263 x 10 1 I 3.69 X 10,1I Btullft2h 3.15 xlO,1 2.71 1

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

42/45

IS 4 64 : 2 8

NNEXDForeword

OMMITTEE COMPOSITIONThermal Insulation Sectional Committee. CHD 27

OrganizationCentral Building Research Institute, RoorkeeBakelite Hylam Limited, Secunderabad

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchirappalli

Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, New DelhiCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering Technology, Bhopal

Department of Coal Ministry of Energy , New DelhiDepartment of Industrial Policy Promotion, Ministry of

Industry, New DelhiEngineers India Limited, Gurgaon

Hyderabad Industries Limited Hyderabad

Indian Oil Corporation Limited R P Division , New DelhiIndian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited, Mumbai

Lloyd Insulation India Ltd, New Delhi

MECON Limited RanchiMinwool Rock Fibres Limited, Hyderabad

National Design Research Forum, BangaloreNational Physical Laboratory, New Delhi

National Thermal Power Corporation Limited, New Delhi

Newkem Products Corporation, Mumbai

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd, Mumbai

PIBCO Limited, New Delhi

Projects Development India Ltd, Sindri

Punj Sons Pvt Limited, New Delhi

Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai

Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow

TCE Consulting Engineers Ltd, Chennai

36

Representative s)PROF K GANESH BARU ChairmanSHRI N. P S SHINH

SHIR S GULATI Alternate)SHRI R. SANKARAN

SHRI RAVINDRA PRAKASH Alternate)SHRI R. K SRIVASTAVA

DR B. M SUMAN Alternate)SHRI D K. GILHOTRADR S C. SHIT

SHR\ P POOMALAI Alternate)REPRESENTATIVESHRI N C. TIWARI

SHRI S K. JAIN Alternate)SHRI P P LAHIRI

SHRI R. NANDA Alternate)SHRI D TRIVEDI

SHRI S JAGADESH WARAIAH Alternate)REPRESENTATIVESHRI MIHIR BANERJI

SHRI NIRAJ DIXIT Alternate)SHRI N. SRINIVAS

SHRI C. P KHANNA Alternate)SHRI K K MtSHRASHRI R. K. BADRUKA

SHRI NEVILLE D SOUZA Alternate)REPRESENTATIVEDR HA RI K IS HA N

SHRI R SAXENA Alternate)SHRI R. K DIXIT

SHRI JADAV DATTA Alternate)SHRI NIMISH V SURA

SHRI V K SURI Alternate)SHRI S A. BOHRA

SHRI S K. RASTOGI Alternate)SHRI T. UDAYA KUMAR

SHRI A. K. SEN Alternate)SHRI KAMALESH KARKUN

DR S P S KHALSA Alternate)SHRI R P PUNJ

SHRI GAURAV PUN Alternate)DR U K SAROOP

KUMARI RASHMI PALANDE Alternate)SHRI D. R GUPTA

SHRI A. K. CHAUDHURI Alternate)SHRI V. SREENIVASAN

SHRI M SJNDARARAJAN Alternate)

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

43/45

OrganizationU. P. Twiga Fibreglass Ltd, New Delhi

BlS Directorate General

IS 4 64 : 2 8Representative s

SHRI J Y GUPTSHRI R HUL SOOD Alternate

DR U. C. SRIV ST V Scientist F and Head CHD[Representing Director General Ex-officio

Member SecretarySHRI N. K. P L

Scientist CHD , BIS

Thermal Insulation Material Subcommittee, CHD 27 : 5Lloyd Insulations India Limited, Mumbai

Bakelite Hylam Limited, Secunderabad

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, TiruchirappalliCentral Building Research Institute, Roarke

Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, New DelhiEngineers India Limited, Gurgaon

Hyderabad Industries Limited, HyderabadIndian Oil Corporation Limited, New DelhiKavemer Power Gas, MumbaiLloyd Projects Private Limited, New Delhi

MECON Limited, RanchiMegha Insulations Private Limited, BhavnagarMinwool Rock Fibres Limited, Hyderabad

National Fire Service College, NagpurNTPC, New DelhiNewkem Products Corporation, Mumbai

Projects Development India Ltd, Noida

Punj Sons Private Limited, New Delhi

Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai

Super Urethane Products Private Limited, New Delhi

e Consulting Engineers Ltd, Chennai

U.P. Twiga Fibreglass Ltd, New Delhi

37

SHRI N. SRINIV S ConvenerSHRI K. C. SH RM Alternate

SHRI N. P. S. SHINHSHRI S. P. S. SHINH Alternate

SHRI R. S NK R NSHRI SHRI KUM R

DR B, M, SUM N AlternateSHRI D, K, GILHOTRSHRI P,P. L HIRl

SHRI R. N ND AlternateSHRI D. TRIVEDI

SHRI S. J GDESH W R I H AlternateSHRI SOVN THREPRESENT TIVE_SHRI R KESH S XEN

SHRI NIL V SUDEV AlternateSHRI K. K. MISHRSHRI H. V. SH HSHRI R. K. DRUK

SHRI P. B. M HESH AlternateSHRI K. C. W DHWREPRESENT TIVESHRI NIMISH V. SUR

SHRI V. A. SUR AlternateSHRI B. K. JH

SHRI A. P. SINH AlternateSHRI R. P. PUNJ

SHRI G UR V PUNJ AlternateDR U. K. S ROOP

KUM Rl R SHMl P L NDE AlternateSHRI PREM CH ND

SHRI SUNIL J IN AlternateSHRI P. K. R KSHIT

SHRI D. P DM N H AlternateSHRI J Y GUPT

SHRI R HUL SOOD Alternate

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

44/45

IS 4 64 : 2 8

Panel for Establishing Y-Factors and Conventional Equivalent Lengths of Different Parts,CHD 27: 5: PI

OrganizationEngineers India Limited, GurgaonCentral Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, New DelhiLloyd Insulation India Ltd, New DelhiNTPC, New DelhiProjects Development India Ltd, NoidaBureau of Indian Standards , New Delhi

38

Representative sSHRI P P L HIRI ConvenerSHRI D. K GILHOTRSHRIMATI S OSESHRI REKESH KUM RSHRI A. P SINHSHRI N K P L

8/12/2019 is.14164.2008 (1)

45/45

Bureau of Indian StandardsBIS is a st at utory i ns ti tu ti on e sta bl is he d unde r the Bureau Indian Standards ct 1986 to p ro mo teharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country.CopyrightBIS has the copyr ight of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior pe rmission in writing of BIS. This does not prec lude the free use, in the course ofimplementing the standard, of necess ar y details , such as s ymbol s and sizes, type or grade designations .Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director Publications), BIS.Review of Indian StandardsAmendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue ofBIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions .This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. CHD 27 1352).

Amendments Issued Since PublicationAmend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSHeadquarters:Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi llO 002Telephones: 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402

Telegrams: Manaksanstha Common to all offices)

Regional Offices :

SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022

C.LT. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar MargNEW DELHI 110 002

Telephone{ 2323 761723233841

{ 23378499,233785612337 8626 2337912{ 260 38432609285

{ 22541216 2254144222542519 22542315Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri East) { 2832 9295, 2832 7858MUMBAI 400 093 2832 7891, 2832 7892AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD.GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR.

1/14C.LT. Scheme VII M,V L P. Road, KankurgachiOL T 700 054

BranchesWestern

Northern

Eastern

Southern

Central