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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to

information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,

and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest

to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of

education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the

timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

!"#$% '(%)

!"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru

Step Out From the Old to the New

7"#1&"8+9&"), 7:1&"8+9&")Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

!"# %& ;

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Gr 6

IS : 516 - 1959 Reaffirmed 2004

Indian t nd rdMETHODS OF rESTS ~ R

S l ~ R N G T I I OF O N R r I ~Eighteenth Reprint JlJNE 2006

( Incorporating Amendment No 1 and Including Amendment No 2

UDC 666.97 . 620 17

Copyright 98 U REA U 0 F IN I) I A N S l AN] I) SMANAK 0111\VAN () n II 1\DII R \ HAII AI \ R R JN I 1>11 III 110002

December 9 9

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IS: 51&- 1959

ndian StandardMETHODS OF TESTS FORSTRENGTH OF CONCRETE

The Concrete Association of India, Bombay. nthe Inst itunon of Engmeer I India ). Calcutta

Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2Cui ' f

SHill R. A. NADIIISHAH

OIRacTOR

M I I M I n ~SHill BALESHWAII NATRSHItI N. H. BHAGWANANISHill N. I) . DUTAIIVSHill P. DAS

SHRI G1 ORGE OONlIIEIISKRl S. 8. JOSHISHill S. R. }IXHKA

Central Hoard ot Irrigation et Power ( lfimstry 01Irrigation :Power)Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army HeadquartersBombayState Roarl Transport Corporation. BombayDirectorate (;encral oj Supplies : Disposals(Ministry of Works, Hou-ang :Supply)Central Building R.. ~ . l r c h Institute (CSIR).RoarkeSHIIJ C. H. AJt.o\DILKA& (Alt nale)SHkl C: L. HANDA Directorate 01 D e ~ l l < t l ~ Bhakra Dam. Xew DelhiSHill P. S. BHATI'AGAII (Altenulte)

O. R. R. HATTIf\:\GADI The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, BombaxSMIII V. N. PAl (:t(i, mll/ )SHill P. C. U 0\OM R. C. Hoox

881U S. N. ~ I u K E R J ISHill K. K. CHATTERJEES aJ E. P. NICOL.\IIlES

Geological Survev of Indsa, CalcuttaCentral Wattr 8; Pow..r Commission I lfinistrv Irrigatron Power )f Alltmate)S. B. Joshi Co, BombayCentral Road Research Institute I CSTf l Ne\\DelhiGovernment T..st HOllM Cakutta( lternat )Gammon India Ltd, Bombav, n Inman } { o a d ~Conzress, New D.. lhitBPRIl>t.1f CAY1VE Martm Hum Ltd, Calcutta5Hal J. M. }{IJHWAl>l Central Public: Work., Department

SHill M. S. BHATIA Alt fr l / fJ leSHMI N m \ R (HANDRA (tOY Dalrma Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd, CllcutL.1

SHill A. K. CHAKRA\'o\Rll I Alttmaf,' )S l l SAllUI SINGlI National Buildings Organivatrou ~ 1 i n i s t r v of

W o r ~ . Housing' SUT'pl) \DBPUTY 1)11t1tC'COM ( ~ 1 . \ T h I U \ L \ (AU nale)

(Conlltliled Of t patti 2 )B l J R A U O F IND IAN S T A N D A R D SMANAK SHAVAN. 9 BAHADtJR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEW DELHI 110002

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IS : 5 6 959

Continued from page 1 )SHRJ II P. S I ~ l I A Roads Wing. Munstrv of Transport Commumcattons

SHIH .J. TREllA N A lt r r nat C )SHIH J{. C. SUO l l Research, Design Standardization Organtaation( Ministry of Railways i

SHIH S. S. \ ARMA t Attrrnate vDr< LAI r. V E R \ 1 . ~ I::r-olfinn J>Uf ctOT Indian Standards Institution

vrrretarvS k j t . S. e l l o \ N n R A ~ h . K H A I < A Deputy Director ( Bldg), Indian Standards Instttution

O J U f t I U /5HRJ S. B JOSHI

Concrete Subcommittee, B D ~ 2: 2S. H Joshi Co, Bombav

SHRJ SARlTP SINGH

SURI I, . C. Soon

Xl rui JS,UH F. llS J1R1 I J. B II \ ( \v \ x \ ,SURI )1. S BHA I JA

SIlIH T S \ IJA,(.H Gammon India Ltd., BombayDR J< J... RAO Central Water Power Commission (Ministry ofIrrtgation Power)National Buildings Organisation (Ministry ofWorks. Housing Supply)

SURI K. H A ~ . \ V \NM Alternatt:::-HRJ If . P. S l ~ - f > \ Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport : Communica-tionsResearch, Design Standardisation Organization

M i n i s t r ~ T of Railways )

2

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AMENDMENT NO. 2 JULY 99T

IS 516: 1959 METHODS OF TESTS FORSTRENGTH OF CONCRETE( Page 6, clause 1.9.1) - Substitute th e following for the existingclause:2 9 1 Cube Moulds - The mould shall be of 150 mm size conformingto IS J0086 : 1982*.

ge 6 ) - Insert the following foot-note at the bottom:.Specification for moulds for use in tests of cement and concrete.

age 7, clause 2.9.2) - Except the last sentence, substitute thefollowing for the existing matter:The cylindrical moulds shall be of 150 rom diameter and 300 mm heightconforming to IS 10086 : 1982*.

( Page clause 2.9.3) - Substitute the following for th e existingclause:2 9 3 Tamping Bar - The tamping ba r shall conform to 6.I a) ofIS 10086 : 1982.

age 7 ) - Insert the following foot-note at the bottom: *Specification for moulds for use in tests of cement and concrete:

ages15 anti 16 clause 7.4.1 ) - Substitute the following for th eexisting clause:7 4 1 Beam Moulds - - Th e beam moulds shall conform to IS 10086 :1982.In assembling t he m oul d for usc, the joints between the sections of themould shall be thinly coated with mould oil and a similar coating ofmould oil shall be applied between th e contact surfaces of th e bottom ofth e mould and the base plate in order to ensure that no water escapes

during the filling. The interior faces of the assembled mould shall bethinly coated with mould oil to prevent adhesion of the concrete.age 15 ) - Insert th e following foot-note at the bottom:

- Specification for moulds for use nt c t ~ of cement .rnd concrete:( Page 16, clause 7.4.Z ) - Substitute the following for the existingclause:7 4 1 Tamping aT - The tamping ba r shall conform to 6.1(b) ofIS 86 : 1982.

C E O 2 )

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IS: 516 -1959ndian tandard

METHODS OF TESTS FORSTRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon November 1959, after the draft finalized by the Cement andConcrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Building DivisionCouncil.0.2 Testing plays an important role in controlling the quality of cementconcrete work. Systematic testing of the raw materials, the fresh concrete and the hardened concrete is an inseparable part of any qualitycontrol programme for concrete which helps to achieve higher efficiencyof the materials used and greater assurance of the performance of theconcrete in regard to both strength and durability. The test methodsused should be simple, direct and convenient to apply. This standardhas been prepared with this object in view and provides a guide to thedetermination of compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus ofelasticity of concrete. Sampling and analysis of concrete have been coveredseparately in IS: 1199-1959 Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete.0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consideration the views of concrete specialists, testingauthorities, consum s and technologists and has related the standard tothe practices followed in the country in this field. The need for international co-ordination between standards prevailing in different countriesof the world has also been recognized. These considerations led the Sectional Committee to derive assistance from the published standards andpublications of the following organizations:

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTIONAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALSAMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTECANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATIONRESEARCH DESIGN ST ND RDIZ TION l RGANIZATION MINISTRYOF RAILWAYS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

THE CONCRETE ASSOCIATION OF INDIA0.4 The Indian Standard Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete IS: 1199-1959) is a necessary adjunct to this standard. Besides, thisstandard requires reference to the following Indian Standards:

-IS: 269 958 SPECIFICATION FOR ORDINARY RAPID-HARDENING ANDLow HEAT PORTL ND EMENT RevisedSince reviled. 3

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IS: 516 195915 : 3831952 SPECIFICATION FOR COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES FROM

NATURAL SOURCES FOR CONCKETEt IS: 455 1953 SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND BLASTFURNACE SL GCEf\fENTIS : 456..1957 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PI AIN AND REINFORCE.D ~ O N -CRETE FOR GENERAL Bt:ILlJING CONsTRucnoN RevisedIS = 460 1953 S P E I F I T I O ~ FO R TEST SIEVES

0.4.1 Wherever a reference to any standard mentioned in 0.4 exceptIS: 460 1953. appears in this standard it shall be taken as a reference tothe latest version of the standard.0.5 In pursuance of the decision of the Government of India to introducea uniform system of weights and measures throughout the country basedon the metric system. in this standard ali dimensions and values havebeen given in metric units only. It is hoped that this step will facilitatethe change over to the metric system by the industry more expeditiously.0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with the final value observed or calculated. expres-sing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordancewlthIS: 2 1949 Rules for Rounding Oft Numerical Values The numberof significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the sameas that of t specified value in this standard.0.7 This standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisionsrelating to the testing of concrete and it does not include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract.

SCOPB1.1 This standard covers teste; for the determination of compressivestrength flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of cement concrete.2. MAKING AND CURING COMPRESSION

TEST SPECIMENS IN THE L OR TORY2.1 This clause specifies the procedure for making and curing compressiontest specimens of concrete in the laboratory where accurate control of thequant rties of matt rials and test conditions are possible and where themaxnnum nominal size of a ~ r e ~ a t e does not exceed 38 mm. The methodIS specially applicable to the making of preliminary compression teststo ascertain th suitability of the avaiiable materials or to determinesuitable nux proport ions.2.l Samllllnit of Material. Representative samples of the materialsof concrete for use in the part icular concrete construction work shall be S n ~ c rcv scd:i Second ~ \ S I O D issued .D 1967. 4 \elond revision s ~ u e d In J9M.

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IS: 516 - SfJobtained by careful sampling. Test samples of cement shall be made upof a small portion taken from each of a number of bag-, on the -ite.samples of aggregate shal l be taken from larger lot- by quartering.1.3 Preparation of Materials - All materials shall be brought to roomtemperature, preferably 27 3 before L(J.HnlL IlClng the t l ~ : ) t ~ .

The cement samples, on arrival at the laboratory,

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IS: 51 6 1959be not less than 2 m inutes after all the m aterials are in the drum and shallcontinue till the resulting concrete is uniform in appearance. When usingpan mixers, the concrete shall be heaped together before sampling.

6 Hand Mixing The concrete batch shall be mixed on a watert ig ht , n on-a bso rbe nt p la tfo rm with a shovel, trowel or similar suitableimplement, using the following procedure:a The cement and fine aggregate shall be mixed dry until the mixtureis thoroughly blended and is uniform in colour,b The coarse dggregate shall then be added and mixed with thecement and fine aggregate until the coarse aggregate is uniformlydistributed throughout the batch, andc The water shall then be added and the entire batch mix ed u nt il

the concrete a pp ea rs to be homogeneous and has the desired consistency. If re pe at ed mixing is necessary, because of the additionof water in increments while adjusting the consistency, the batchshall be discarded and a fresh batch ma de w it ho ut i nt er ru pt in gthe mixing to make trial consistency tests.2.7 Workability Each batch of concrete shall be t es te d for consistencyimmediately after mixing, y one of the methods described in IS:1199-1959. Provided tha t care is taken to ensure that no water or othermaterial is lost, the concrete used for the consistency tests m y be remixed with the re ma ind er of batch before m aking the test specimens.The period of re-mixing shall be as sh or t as possible yet sufficient to producea homogeneous mass.2.8 Size of Test Specimens . Test specimens cubical in shape shall be15 15 15 em If the largest nominal size of the aggregate does notexceed 2 ern, 10 em cubes may be used as an alternative. Cylindrical testspecimens shall have a length equal to twice the diameter. They shallbe 15 em in diameter and 30 em long. Smaller test specimens shall havea ratio of diameter of specimen to maximum size of aggregate of not lessthan 3 to 1, except that the d ia me te r of the specimen shall be not lessthan 75 em for mixtures containing ~ ~ g r g t ~ more than 5 percent ofwhich is retained on IS Sieve 480.2.9 Moulds

2 9.1 Cube Moulds - The mould shall be ot metal, preferably steel orcast iron, and stout enough to prevent distortion. It shall be constructedin such a manner as to facilitate the removal of the moulded specimenwithout damage, and shall be so .nachined that when it is assembled re ad yfor use, the dirnensions and internal faces shall be accurate within thefoJlowing limits:The height of the mould and the distance between opposite facesshall be the specified size 02 mrn. The angle between adjacent6

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IS: 516 - 1959internal faces and between internal faces and top and bottom planesof the mould shall be 90 0-5. The interior faces of the mouldshall be plane surfaces with a permissible variation of 003 mm.Each mould shall he provided with a metal base plate having a planesurface. The base plate shall be of such dimensions as to supportthe mould during the filling without leakage and it shall be preferablyattached to the mould y springs or screws, The parts of the mouldwhen assembled shall be positively and rigidly held together. andsuitable methods of ensuring this, both during the filling and onsubsequent handling of the filled mould, shall be provided.2.9.1.1 In assembling the mould for use, the joints between thesections of mould shall be thinly coated with mould oil and a similarcoating of mould oil shall be applied between the contact surfaces of the

bottom of the mould and the base plate in order to ensure that no waterescapes during the filling. The interior surfaces of the assembled mouldshall be thinly coated with mould oil to prevent adhesion of the concrete2 9 2 Cylinders The cylindrical mould shall be of metal which shallbe not less than 3 mm thick. Each mould shall be capable of being openedlongitudinally to facilitate removal of the specimen and shall bt: providedwith a means of keeping it closed hile in use. The ends shall not depai tfrom a plane surface, perpendicular to the axis of the mould, by more than005 rnm. \Vhen assembled ready for use, the mean internal diameter the mould shall be 150 em 02 mm and in no direct ion shall the internal

diameter be less than 1495 em or more than 1505 em. The height shallbe 30-0 em 0-1 em Each rnould shall be provided with a metal baseplate, and with a capping plate of glass or other suitable material. Thebase plate and the capping plate shall be at least 6S mm thick. and suchthat they do not depart from a plant surface by more than 002 mmThe base plate shall support the mould during filling without leakage andhall be rigidly a ttached to the mould. The mould and base plate shallbe coated with a thin n of mould oil before lise. in order to preventadhesion of the concrete.1 9 3 Tembiug Bar - The tamping bar shall be a steel bar 16 RIm in

diameter, 06 m long and bullet pointed at the lower end.].10 Compactina The test specimens shall be made as soon as practicable after mixing, and in such a way as to produce full compaction otthe concrete with neither segregation nor excessive laitance. The concrete sliall be filled into the mould in layers approximately 5 CDl deep,In placing each scoopful of concrete, the scoop shall he moved around thetop edge ot the mould as the concrete slides from it t t order to ensure ftsymmetrical distribution of the concrete within the mould. Each layershall be compacted either by hand or by vibration as described belows 2.10.1 a tl 2.10.2). After the top layer bas been compacted. the

7

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IS: 516 - 1959surface of the concr ete shall be finished level with the top of the mouldusing a trowel and covered with a glass or metal plate to preventevaporation.

2 10 1 Compacting Hand - When compact ing by hand the stan-dard tamping bar shall be used and the strokes of the bar shall he distributed in a uniform manner over the cross-section of the mould. Thenumber of str okes per layer required to produce specified conditions willvary according to the type of concrete. For cubical specimens in nocase shall the concrete be subjected to less than 35 str okes per layer for15 em cubes or 25 strokes per layer for 10 cnl cubes. For cylindrical specimens the number of str okes shall not be less than thirty pt r layer. Thestr okes shall penetrate into the underlying layer and the bottom layershal l be ro dde d throughout its depth Where voids arc left by the tamp-ing bar the sides of the mould shall be tapped to close the voids.2 1 2 C ompacting Vibration - When compacting by vibration eachlayer shall be vibrated by means of an electric or pneumatic hammer orvibrator or by means of a suitable vibrating table until the specified condition is attained

S O T E The mode an d quantum of vibration of the laboratory specimen shallhe as nearly the sarn 15 those adopted in actual conereting operatrons1 11 Capping Specimens - The ends of all cylindrical test specimensthat are not plane within 005 mm shall be capped. Capped surfacesshall not depart from a plane by more than 005 rom and shall be approximately at right angles to the axi s of the specimens. The planeness of thecap shall be checked by means of a straight edge and feeler gauge makinga minimum of t hre e me as ure men ts on different di ame ters Caps shall bemade as thin as practicable and shall not flow or fracture when the specimenis tested Capping shall be ca rri ed out according to one of the followingmethods.

:J.11.1 Nea Cement - Test cylinders may be capped with a thin layerof stiff neat Portland cement paste after the concrete has ceased settlingin the moulds generally for two to four hours or more after moulding.The cap shall be formed by means of glass plate not less than 65 mm inthickness or a machined metal plate not less than 13 mm in thickness andhaving a minimum sur face dimension at least 25 mm larger than the diameter of the mould. I t shall he worked on the cement paste until itslower surface r ests on the top of th e mould The cement for capping shallbe mixed to a stiff paste for about two to four hours before it is to beused in order to avoid the tendency of the cap to shrink. Adhesion ofpaste to the capping plate may be a voided by coating the plate with athin coat of oil or grease.

2 11 1 . \ 1/> 11 -- Just prior to testing the cylindrical specimens may becapped with a sulphur mixture consisting of 2 or 3 parts sulphur to ] partof inert filler such as fire-clay. . The specimens shall be securely held 1 a8

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IS: S16 - 1959special j so that the caps formed have true plane surfaces. Care shall betaken to ensure that the sulphur compound is not over heated as it willnot then develop the required compressive strength. Sulphur caps shall beallowed to harden for at least 2 hours before applying the load.

] 3 artl laster Just prior to testing, specimens may be cappedwith hard plaster having a compressive strength of at least 420 k ~ emin one hour. Such plasters are generally available as proprietory material.The cap shall be formed by means of a glass plate not less than 13 mm inthickness, having a minimum surface. dimension at least 25 mm larger thanthe diameter of the mould. The glass plate shall be lightly coated withoil to avoid sticking.NOTE Ordinary plaster paris wall not serve t h purpose of the cappingmater la l due to at . low com prcsivc s t r t n ~ t

].11.4 As soon as possible after the concrete is mixed, a mortar shallbe gauged using a cement similar to that used in the concrete and sandwhich passes IS Sieve 30 but is retained on IS Sieve The mortar shallhave a watcrjeement ratio not higher than that of the concrete of whichthe specimen is made. and shall be of a stiff consistence. If an excessivelywet mix of concrete i E being tested, any free water which has collectedon the surface of the specimen shall be removed with a sponge, blottingpaper or other suitable absorbent material before the cap is formed. Themortar shall then be applied firmly and compacted pith a trowel to aslightly convex surface above the edges of the mould, after which thecapping plate shall be pressed down on the cap with a rotary motion uatilit makes complete contact with the rim of the mould. The plate shallbe left in position until the specimen is removed from the mould.1.12 Curlna - The test specimen- shall be stored in a place, free fromvibration, in moist air of at least 90 percent relative humidity and at atemperature of 7 e for hours l hour from the time of additionof water to the dry ingredients, After this period, the specimens shall bemarked and removed from the moulds and unless required for test within24 hours, immediately submerged in clean, fresh water or saturated limesolution and kept there until taken out just prior to test. The water orsolution in which the specimens are submerged shall be renewed everyseven days and shall be maintained at a temperature of 27 2C. Thespecimens shall not be alk.weo to become dry at any time until they havebeen tested.3. MAKING AND CURING COMPRESSION TESTSPECIMEN IN THE FIELD3.1 This clause deals with the procedure for making and curing compression test specimens of concrete sampled during the progress of constructionwhere the nominal maximum size of the aggregate does not exceed 38 mm.

9

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IS: 516 - 1959 Size of test specimen apparatus to be used and procedure to preparespecimens shall be the same as specified in 2.3.3 Curine - The test specimens shall be stored on the site at a placefree from vibration under damp matting sacks or other similar materialfor 24 hours i hour from the time of adding the water to the otheringredients. The temperature of the place of storage shall be within therange of 22 to 32C. After the period of 24 hours. they shall be markedfor later identification removed from the moulds and. unless required fortesting within 24 hours stored in clean water at a temperature of 24 to30C until they are transported to the testing laboratory. They shall esent to the testing laboratory well packed in damp sand damp sacks orother suitable material so as to arrive there in a damp condition not lessthan 24 hours before the time of test. On arrival at the testing laboratorythe specimens shall be stored in water at a temperature of 27 2C untilthe time of test. Records of the daily maximum and minimum temperature shall be kept both during the period of the specimens remain onthe site and in the laboratory.4. SECURING AND PREPARING SPECIMENS OFHARDENED CONCRETE FOR COMPRESSION TEST4.1 This clause deals with the procedure for securing and preparing eem-pression test specimens obtained from hardened concrete after the CODcrete has been laid in position.4.2 The test specimens shail be procured from hardened concrete accordingto the method described in 4 of ~ 1199-1959:4.3 Cores to be tested for compression strength shall have ends that arereasonably even perpendicular to the axis and of the same diameter asthe body of the specimen. A core which before capping has a maximumheight of less than 95 percent of the diameter. or after capping. a heightless than its diameter shall not be used.4.4 Cappln - The ends of the specimen shall be capped before testing.The mater ial used for the capping shall be such that its compressivestrength IS greater than that of the concrete in the core. Caps shall emade as thin as practicable and shall not flow or fracture before the concrete fails when the specimen is tested. The capped surfaces shall be atright angles to the axis of the specimen and shall not depart from a planey more than 005 rnm. The capping of specimens shall be carried outas described in 2.11.4.5 After checking for irregularities the core shall be placed in water at atemperature of 24 to JOC for 48 hours before testing. The overall heightof the specimens with capping shall be measured to the nearest millimetre.

S n\ c revised.

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IS: 516 - 1955. TEST FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OFCONCRETE SPECIMEN5.1 This clause deals with the procedure for determining the compressivestrength of concrete specimens.5 l Apparatu

5 ] Testiflg Machine - The testing machine may be of any reliabletype, of sufficient capacity for the tests and capable of applying the loadat the rate specified in 5 5 The permissible error shall be not greaterthan 2 percent of the maximum load. The testing machine shall beequipped with two steel bearing platens with hardened faces. One of theplatens (preferably the one that normally will bear on the upper surfaceof the specimen) shaD be fitted with a ball seating in the form of a portionof a sphere, the centre of which coincides with the central point of theface of the platen The other compression platen shall be plain rigidbearing block. The bearing faces of both platens shall be at least as largeas, and preferably larger than the nominal size of the specimen to whichthe load is applied. The bearing surface of the platens. when new, shalot depart from a plane by more than 001 rom at any point and theyb n be maintained with a permissible variation limit of 002 mm. Themovable portion of the spherically seated compression platen shall be heldOD the spherical seat but the design shall be such that the bearing faceCUI be rotated freely and tilted through small angles in any direction.5.3 Ate at Teat - Tests shall be made at recognized ages of the testspecimens, the most usual being 7 and 28 days. Ages of 13 weeks and oneyear are recornmended if tests at greater ages are required. Where it m ybe necessary to obtain the early strengths. tests m y be made at the agesof 24 hours i hour and 72 hours 2 hours. The ages shall be cal-culated from the time of the addition of water to the dry ingredients.5 4 Number of Speelmena - At least three specimens, preferably fromdifferent batches shall be made for testing at each selected age.

NOT - When a full in vestigation is being carried out 15 advisable for threeleparate batches to be made for each given variable An equal number of speci-mens for each variable should he made

5.5 Procedure - Specimens stored in water shall be tested immediatelyon removal from the water and while they are still in the wet condition.Surface water and gri t shall be wiped off the specimens and any projectingfins removed. Specimens when received dry shall be kept in water for24 hours before they are taken for testing. The dimensions of the specimens to the nearest 0-2 mm and their weight shall be noted before testing.5 5 Placing tile pi llt t itt the Testiflg M achiftt _ The bearing surfacesof the testing machine shall be wiped clean and any loose sand or t ~ rmaterial removed from the surfaces of the specimen which are to be n

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IS: 516 - 1959contact with the compression platens. In the case of cubes, the specimenshall be placed In the machine In such a manner that the load shall be ap-plied to opposite sides of the cubes as cast, that IS. not to the top andbottom I he aXIS of the specimen shall be carefully ahgned with thecentre of thrust of the spherically seated platen No packing shall beused between the faces of the test specimen and the steel platen of thetesting machine As the s phe nc al ly s ea ted block is brought to bear onthe specimen. the movable portion shall be rotated gently by hand sothat uniform seating m y be obtained The load s hal l be a pp li ed withoutshock and Increased continuously at a rate of approximately 140 kg/sqem/min until the resistance of the specimen to the Increasing load breaksdown and no greater load can be sustained. The maximum load appliedto the specimen shall then be recorded and the appearance of the concreteand any unusual features In the type of {allure shall be noted.5.6 Calcul at ion - The measured compressive strength of the specimenshall be calculated by dividing the maxunum load appbed to the specimendunng the test y the cross-sectional area. calculated fro ll the mean dimensions of the section s also 4.5.1 of IS 1199 1959 and shall beexpressed to the nearest kg per sq em Average of three values shall betaken as the representative of the batch provided the Individual variationis not more than 1S percent of the average. Otherwise repeat test sshall be made.

5.6.1 A correction factor according to the beightjdiameter ratio ofspecimen after capping shall be obtained from the curve shown 10 Fig. 1.The product of this correction f actor and the measured comprcssrvestrength shall be known as the corrected compressive strength, this bemgthe equivalent strength of a cyhnder having a height/diameter ratio of two.The equivalent cube strength of the concrete shall be determined ymulnplymg the corrected cyhnder strength by 5/4

6 ] Report- The Iollowmg mformanon shall be Included In the reporton each test specimen:a iden nfication mark.b date of test,c age of specimen,d cunng condrnons, mcludmg date of m anufact ur e of specimen inthe field,e weight ot specimen,f dimensions of specimen,g cross sectional area,h maximum load,J compressive strength, andk arpearance of fractured face s of concrete dud type of fracture,

1 these are UDIIIUal. -Since rC\ lscd12

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IS: S i b .959

[ :

J Vy ...... I.'

loCO

040 1 6

f l O ~DlAWlTlA

FIG CORRaCTION FACTOk FOil H ~ I G I l T D J M E T I t R KATIO OF A COIiIt

6. DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING PORTIONS OFBEAMS BROKEN IN FLEXURE ( .. EQUIVAl.ENTCUBE METHOD)6.1 This clause specifies t i l t procedure for determining the compressivestrength of concrete using portions of beams broken in flexure as the testspecimens. The results obtained from this test are approximately equal to,and on the average may be up to 5 percent greater than those obtainedby the test specified in S.

NOT ... For method of makillJ; and It'lotlnR . Uft test Spl om. nll, see 7

6.1 Apparatue6.2.1 C .pressiotl Testitlg MlUlti e - The tesnng machine shall complyin all respects with the requirements of 5.1.1.6 2 Buuitlg Pl4Us - Two metal bearing plates not less than 6S mmor more than 19 mm thick shall be provided. The plates shall be 10 ansquare for the beams 10 em in depth and IS em square for the beams IS anin depth with the surfaces machined to a permissible variation notexceeding 002 mm. The distance between the opposite edges shan bethe specified size 002 mm and the angle between the edges sh be

90 0'5. 13

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IS: 5 6 9596.3 Test Specimens The length of the broken portions of the beamsselected for the compression test shall be at least S ern greater than thedepth of the beam and the broken portions shall be free from crackschipped surfaces or other obvious defects within the length to be tested.6.4 Procedure During the interval between testing the specimens asbeams and testing the broken portions as cubes the specimens shall bestored in water at a temperature of 24 to 30C and shall be tested im-mediately on removal from the water and while still in the wet condition.

6 4 Placing the Specimen in the Testing chine The bearing sur-faces of the testing machine and the bearing plates shall be wiped cleanand any loose sand or other material shall be removed from the surfacesof the specimen which are to be in contact with the bearing plates. Thespecimen shall be placed between the bearing plates in such a mannerthat the upper bearing plate is directly over the lower plate and the bear-ing plates extend at least 2S mm from each end of the specimen. A devicewhich ensures the proper location of the upper plate with reference to thelower plate is shown in Fig. 2. No packing shall be used between thefaces of the specimen and the bearing plates. The

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IS : 516 tbe applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate of aPJllOXi

m a t e ~ y 4nkg/sq em/min until the resistance of the specimen to the in-creasing load breaks down and no greater load can be sutuned Themaximum load applied to the specimen shall then be recorded and theappearance of the concrete and any unusual features in the type of failureshall be noted.6.5 Calculation - The equivalent cube strength of the specimen shallbe calculated by dividing the maximum load by tile area of contact ofthe bearing plates and shall be expressed to the nearest kg/sq em.6 6 Report - The following information shall be included in the reporton each specimen:

a identification m rkh date of teste age of specimend curing conditionse nominal size of specimen.f maximum load

equivalent cube strength andh appearance of the concrete and type of fracture if these are unusual.7. MAKING AND CURING FLEXURE TESTSPECIMENS IN THE LABORATORY7.1 This clause specifies the procedure for making and curing flexure testspecimens of concrete in the laboratory where accurate control of thequantities of materials and test conditions is possible. provided the maximum nominal size of the aggregate does not exceed 38 mm. The methodis specially applicable to the making of preliminary flexure tests to ascertainthe suitability of the available material or to determine suitable mixproportions.1 1 Samplln8 of Material - Preparation of materials proportionsweighing mixing of concrete shall be done in the same \vay as in the cueof making compression test specimens in the laboratory 5 17 3 Size of Specimen - The standard size shall be 15 x IS x 70 em.Alternatively if the largest nominal of the aggregate docs not exceed19 mm specimens 10 x 10 .x em may be used.7.4 Apparatue

7.4.1 The mould shall be of metal preferably steel or cast iron and themetal shall be of sufficient thickness to prevent spreading or arpinThe mould shall be constructed with the longer dimension horil0ntal andin such a manner as to facilitate the removal of the moulded specimens

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8:516 959without damage The mould shall be co machined that when assembledready fOr use the dimensions shall be accurate within the following limits:

a The height of the mould shall be either 15-0 0-005 em or1 5 em and the corresponding internal width of themould shall be IS-0 002 em or 10-0 0-02 cm respectively.The angle between the interior faces and the top and bottomplanes of the mould shall be 90 0-5. The internal surfaces ofthe mould shall. be plane surfaces with a permissible variation of002 nun in IS-0 em and 01 mm overall.b Each mould shall be provided with a metal base plate and twoloose top plates of 4-0X 0-6 em cross-section and a em longer thanthe width of the mould. The base plate and top plate shall have

plane surfaces with a permissible variation of 005 mm. The baseplate shall support the mould without leakage during the fillingand shall be rigidly attached to the mould.c The parts of the mould when assembled shall be positively andrigidly held together and suitable methods of ensuring this bothduring the filling and on subsequent handling of the filled mouldshall be provided.d In assembling the mould for use the joints between the sectionsof the mould shall be thinly coated with mould oil and a similarcoating of mould oil shall be applied between the contact surfaces

of the bottom of the mould and the base plate in order to ensurethat no water escapes during the filling. The interior faces of theassembled mould shall be thinly coated with mould oil to preventadhesion of the concrete.7 4 Tamping Bar - The tamping bar shall be a steel bar weighing2 kg 40 em long and shall have a ramming face 25 nun square.

7.5 Procedure curing age at test number of specimens shall be the sameas in 2 and 5.8. TEST FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH OFMOULDED FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS8.1 This clause deals with the procedure for determining the flexuralstrength of moulded concrete flexure test specimens.8 Apparatul

8.2.1 The testing machine may be of any reliable type of sufficientcapacity for the tests and capable of applying the load at the rate specifiedin 8.3. The permissible errors shall be not greater than 05 percentof the applied load where a high degree of accuracy is required and notgreater than 15 percent of the applied load for commercial type of use.The bed of the testing machine shall be provided with two steel rollers

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IS: 6 9 5 ~38 mm in diameter, on which the specimen is to be supported and theserollers shall be so mounted that the distance from centre to centre is 60 emfor 150 em specimens or 40 em for 100 em specimens Th load shall beapplied through two similar roller , mounted at the third points of thesupporting span that is, spaced at 20 or 133 ern ce-nt re to centre. The loadshall be divided equal ly between the two loading Toller , and all rollersshall be mounted in such a manner that the load applied axial ly andwithout subjecting the specimen to any torsional resses or restraints.One sui table arrangement which complies with these requirements isindicated in Fig. 3.8.3 Procedure - Test specimens stored in water at a temperature of240 to JOC for 48 hours before testing shall he t t ~ ~ t l d immedrately onremoval from the water whilst they an: still In a wet conditron. The dimensions of each specimen shall be noted before testmg No preparationof the surfaces is required.

8.3.1 Plac1 Kg the Specimen in estmg J\lacltine --- The bear ing sur..faces of the supporting and loading rollers hall be wiped cit an and anyloose sand or o ther material removed from the surfaces of the specimenwhere they are to make contact witt. the rollers. The specimen shall thenbe placed in the machine in such a manner that the load hC\11 be applied tothe uppermost surface as cast in the mould a}clng two luu spaced 200 or133 ern apart. The axis of the specimen shall be careful lv aligned withthe axis of the loading device. No packing shall be used between thebearing surfaces of the specimen and the rollers, The load shall be appliedwithout shock and increasing continuously at a rate such that the extremefibre stress increases at approximately 7 kg/sq cn.rmm. that is, at arate of loading of 400 kg/min for the 150 em specimen and at a rate of180 k ~ m i n for the 100 em specimens The load shall be increased untilthe specimen fails, and the maximum load applied to the perrrnen duringthe test shall be recorded. The appearance of the fractured faces of concrete and any unusual features in the type of failure shall be noted.8.4 Calculation - The flexural strength of the specimen shall be ex-pressed as the modulus of rupture lb which if equals the d is tancebetween the line ot fracture and the nearer support . measured on thecentre line of the tensi le side of the specimen. in em shall be calculatedto the nearest 0-5 kgjsq em as follows:p 1 b when is greater than 20-0 erll for 150 em specimen or greater than13-3 em for a 100 cm specimen or 3p A t b / lwhen is than 200 em hut greater than 170 em for 150 em specimen, or less than 133 em but greater than 110 cm for a 100 em specimen

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IS : 516 1959where

= measured width In em of the specimen, = measured depth in em \If the specimen at the point offailure,l = length in em of the span on which the specimen was supported, andp = maximum load In kg applied to the specimen

If IS less than 170 em for a 150 em specimen, or less than t 10 emfor a 100 em specimen, the results of the test shall be discarded8.5 Report - The following information shall Included In the reporton each specimen:a identification mark,b) date of test,c age of specimen,d) curing conditions,

e) size of specimen,f span length,g maximum load,h) position of fracture value ),J) modulus of rupture kg per sq em andk) appearance of concrete and type of fracture If these are unusual

9. DETERMINATION OF THE MODULUS OFELASTICITY BY MEANS OF AN EXTENSOMETER9.1 This clause specifies the procedure for making and curing test speermens, determining the modulus of elasticity of concrete in compressionby means of an extensometer where the maximum nominal of aggregate does not exceed 38 mm,9.2 Size of Specimens - The test specimens shall consist of concretecylinders 150 cm In diameter and 300 em long. Alternately, other sizesof cylinders or square prisms may be used provided that the height/diam ete r or height/width r at io is at least 29.3 Sampling, apparatus and procedure shall be as descnbed 1 2.9.4 Preparation of Test Specimens - The test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with 2 and shall be s tor ed in w at er at a temperature of24 to O for at least 48 hours before testing At least three specimensshall be made and tested.9 5 Age at Test - Normally test shall be made when the specimensreach the age of 28 days

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SECTION CC

OCA__ _0 ; l I l LOli O G tI COlll ..cCO I

t_ 10 oe 40 oo 1FIG. ARRA iOKMIST POR LoADI NG OF FLEXURI l TEST Srl CINEN

HCTION

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IS: 516 - ~9.6 In order to determine the compressive strength of the concrete. threetest specimens for compressive strength shall be made together with eachset of cylinders or prisms in accordance with 9.2. The test specimens forcompressive strength shall be made from the same sample of concrete asthe cylinders or prisms and shaU he cured and stored under identicalcondi tions.9.7 Apparatus

9 7 Testing ~ \ l a h i n e - The testing machine shall comply in allrespects with the requirements of 5.1.1 and in addition shall he capableof maintaining the load at any desired value9 7 2 Extensometers - Two extensorneters are required each having a

gauge length of not less than 102 em and not more than half the lengthof the specimen. They shall be capable of measuring strains to an accuracy of 2 10-'. Mirror extensometers of the roller or rocker type aresuitable. 9.8 Procedure - The three test specimens for compressive strength shallfirst be tested in accordance with 5 and the average compressive strengthshall be recorded. Immediately on removing the cylinder or prismfrom the water and while it is still in a wet condition the extensornetcrs shall be attached at the ends. or on opposite sidv otthe specimen and parallel to its axis in such a w y that the ~ a u ~ e point. ,are symmetrical about the centre of the specimen and in 10 case art' nearerto either end of the specimen than a distance equal t half the diameteror half the width of the specimen. The extcnsometr-rs hall be fixed withthe recording points at the same end. The specimen shall he immediatelyplaced in the testing machine and accurately centred. The load shall beapplied continuously and without shock at a rate uf 140 kgjsq cmjminuntil ~ n average stress of (C -t-5) kg sq can reached whet e C is onethird of the average compressive strength of the cubes calculated to thenearest 5 kg/sq ern. The load shall he maintained at this stres for atleast one minute and shall then be reduced gradually to an average stressof 15 kgjsq em when cxtensonu-ter reading-, shall h( taken. The loadsnail be applied a second time at tilt' sanu- rat e until an average stress of(C-+-15) kgfsq em is reached. The load -h.dl be maintained at this figurewhile extcnsometcr readings are take-n. rile load shall again be reducedgradually and readings again taken at J5 k ~ ~ f J em, The load shall thenbe applied a third time and extcnsometvr readings taken at ten approximately equal increments of stress up to an average stress of C +- 15) lsq em. Readings shall be taken at each ~ t i i g l of loading with a lit tit,delay as possible, If the overall strain- observed on the second and thirdreadings differ y more than S perce-nt t he l o c u l i l ~ Y l ~ ) t - shall be repe.rtvduntil the difference in strain between consecutive reading- at +-15) kgsq em does not exceed 5 percent.

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IS: 516 19599.9 Calculation - The strains at the various loads in the last two cyclesshall be calculated separately for each extensorneter and the results shallbe plotted graphically against the stress. Straight lines shall be drawnthrough the points for each extensometer; the slopes of these two linesshall be determined and from them the average value shall be found. Ifthe difference between the individual values is less than 15 percent of theaverage value. this average value, expressed in kg/sq cm to the nearest1 000 kg/sq em shall be recorded as the modulus of elasticity of the concrete. If the difference is greater than 15 percent, the specimen shall ere-centred in the testing machine and the test repeated. If the differenceafter re-centring and testing is still greater than 1S percent of the averagevalue, the results of the test shall be discarded.9.10 Report - The following information shall be included in the report:

a identification mark:b date of test;c age of specimen;d shape and nominal dimensions of specimen;e modulus of elasticity; andf remarks. such as number of loading cycles.

10. DETERMINATION OF THE MODULUS OFELASTICITY BY ELECTRODYNAMIC METHOD10.1 This clause specifies the procedure for determining the modulus ofelasticity of concrete y an electrodynamic method. namely y measuringthe natural frequency of the fundamental mode of longitudinal vibrationof concrete prisms. This is a non-destructive test and therefore the samespecimens may subsequently be used for the flexural strength test specifiedin 8.10.2 Specimens The specimens shall in all respects comply with therequirements of 9.2.10.3 Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the tollowing.

10.3.1 A variable frequency oscillator with a working range up to10000 cycles per second, reading to an accuracy of OS percent. A meansof varying the output po\ver shall be incorporated, and the output powershall be not less than 2 watts.10.3.2 An electro-magnetic exciter unit of the moving-eoil or variableair-gap type. If the moving-coil type is used, the former and coil shouldhave as Iowan inertia as possible, the mass being not more than 02 percentof the mass of the specimen the former should be of light card or paper .A suitable type of instrument is shown in Fig. 4. If a variable air-gapexciter unit is used. this shall he of a similar type to the pick-up unit.

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CIt-COIL OF SO TO JUANSOT TO EXcno mllt LENGTH

SPlC.... IN

DETAIL OF EXCITER. slaelive or other method .ntaebment :>oould prdcralJly aUow paper 9lander to lie detached altertest lor furtber 8M .

FIC : \aRAlfGBMBst OF O nClliEN FOR il DBT IN4TIOli OP MODULUS OPELASTICITY BY ELECtRODYNAlllC MItTIIOD

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IS: 516 195910.3.3 An electro-magnetic pick-up unit ol the ordinary telephone type,AItematively, a piezo electric gauge may be used, provided that Its mass not more th an 02 percent of the mass of the specimen.10.3.4 An audio-Irequency amplifier.10.3.5 An amplitude indicator consisting of a voltmeter, milliammeteror cathode-ray oscilloscope.10.3.6 A fixed clamp or support with a maximum width of ,1,\ th of thelength of the specimen. If a variable air-gap exciter uni t jc; used in conlunctio:l with a variable air-gap pick-up, the support shall be metallicarid earthed.

1'.4 Procedure - Immediately on removal from water, except whenthe specimen is less than 2+ hours.old. and while still in a wet condition,the specimen shall be clamped or balanced at Its centre on the fixed support. Where a moving-coil type of exciter unit i used. the moving-coli portion shall be fixed to the middle of one end face of the specimen as mdicatedin Fig. 4. It may be fixed to the specimen by means of resin or othersuitable adhesive. The resin can conveniently be applied with an electricsoldering iron. A disk of tinfoil, of S em diameter, shall be lightly greasedto ensure adhesion and placed on the centre of the other end of the specimen, and the pick-up unit shall be placed with the diaphragm as closepossible to the foil but the pick..up unit shall not be allowed to touchthe tinfoil or the specimen. If a variable air-gap exciter used, thrs shallf mounted in a similar manner to the pick-up, U ~ l I l g a disk of tinfoil.The exciter unit shalt be driven by the variable frequency oscillator. andthe oscillations received by the pick-up unit shall be amplified bv theaudio-frequency amplifier and applied to the indicator in such a manneras to show the amplitude of the oscillations received. The frequency of~ x c i t a t i o n shall be varu d until resonance IS obtained in the fundamentalmode of longitudInal vibration. The frequency shall be recorded as thenatoral frequency of the fundamental mode of longitudinal vibration.

NOTE - . Resonilu,

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IS: I I - 1959b) L I I The length of the specimen shaD be determined to anacc\lracyof I mm, the average being taken of at least four sym-metrically placed measurements.c) ep lJII, , B etul . - The average depth and breadth of the specimelt shall be determined to an accuracy of 02 mm, the aVt:racebeing taken in each case of at least six measurements S pac dequally along the length of the specimen.

10.6 CalculatloD The density of the wet concrete shall be calculatedfrom the formula: .10 xW

= xbx10.6.1 The dynamic modulus of elasticity shall then be calculated to

the nearest I 000 kg/sq em from the formula:E - 41)83 x 10 .11 ,

whereE = dynamic modulus of elasticity in kg per sq em, = natural frequency of the fundamental mode of loaPtaciinalvibration of the specimen, in cycles per second,f = density in q per cu m,W = weight in kg of the specimen,

l = length in em of the specimen,b = breadth in em of the specimen, andtl = depth in em of the specimen.

10 7 Number of Speclmea8 - At least three specimens 9hall be testedfor each age of test.10 8 Report - The following information shall be included in the reporton each specimen:

a) identification mark,b) date of test,c) age of specimen,d curing conditions,e) average dimensions of specimen.f weight of wet specimen.g) natural frequency of the fundamental mode of longitudinal vibrationof specimen, andh) dynamic modulus of elasticity.

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