BY:

RAQUEL GUILLEN AND MONICA DE LA CUESTA

4ºC

Isaac Newton was born the 25th of December of 1642. He was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. Isaac Newton came from a family of farmers but never knew his father,also named Isaac Newton, who died in october 1642, 3 months before his son was born.

BIOGRAPHY

Isaac´s mother, Hannah Ayscough remarried Barnabas Smith, the minister of the church , when he was only two years old. The young child was then left in the care os his grandmother Margery at Woolsthorpe.

Basically trated as an orphan, Isaac did not have a happy childhood.

Upon the death of his stepfather in 1653, Newton lived with his mother, his grandmother, one half-brother and two half-sisters.

From shortly after this time Isaac began attending the free grammar school. However he seems to have shown little promise in academic work.

In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College. In 1665, he discovered the generalised binomial theorem and began to develop a mathematical theory that later became infinitesimal calculus.

Soon after Newton had obtained his degree, the university temporally closed as a precaution against the Great plague. Although, he continue with his private studies at his home for about 2 years to continue with the development of his theories. Then he joined Trinity College to finish the 3 laws.

Towards the end of his life, Newton took up residence at Cranbury Park. Finally, he died in his sleep in London on 20 March, 1727.

1.FIRST LAW

KNOWN AS THE LAW OF INERTIA. STATES THAT AN OBJECT AT REST TENDS TO STAY AT REST AND THAT AN OBJECT IN UNIFORM MOTION TENDS TO STAY IN UNIFORM MOTION UNLESS THERE IS AN EXTERNAL FORCE APPLIED UPON THE OBJECT. THIS LAW MEANS THAT THERE IS EXISTENCE OF REFERENCE FRAMES WHERE OBJECTS NOT ACTED UPON BY A FORCE MOVE IN UNIFORM MOTION.

ISAAC NEWTON´S LAWS

THE FIRST AND SECOND LAWS REPRESENT A BREAK IN ARISTOTLE´S PHYSICS, IN WHICH IT WAS BELIEVED THAT A FORCE WAS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN MOTION.

THE SI UNIT OF FORCE IS THE NEWTON, NAMED IN NEWTON´S HONOUR.

3. THIRD LAW

STATES THAT FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION. THIS MEAN THAT ANY FORCE EXERTED ONTO AN OBJECT HAS A COUNTERPART FORCE THAT IS EXERTED IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION BACK ONTO THE FIRST OBJECT. THE OBJECTS CAN BE DIFFERENT AND CAN HAVE DIFFERENT MASSES.

THE APPLE INCIDENT WAS AN INCIDENT WHEN SIR ISAAC NEWTON WAS SITTING BENEATH AN APPLE TREE HAVING A TEA IN 1665 AND AN APPLE FEEL DOWN RIGHT IN FRONT OF HIM. BECAUSE OF THIS, NEWTON WAS REALLY FASCINATED AND CURIOUS ABOUT THIS APPLE. WHY DID THE APPLE FALL DOWN? HOW DID THE APPLE FALL TO THE GROUND? THESE WERE THE QUESTIONS THAT HE ASKED HIMSELF. SO DURING HIS STUDIES, HE DISCOVERED THAT GRAVITY WAS THE THING THAT CAUSED THE APPLE TO FALL DOWN. ALTHOUGH NO ONE KNOW FOR CERTAIN THE TRUE STORY.

APPLE INCIDENT

THE QUESTION WAS NOT WHETHER GRAVITY EXISTED, BUT WHETHER IT EXTENDED SO FAR FROM THE EARTH THAT IT COULD ALSO BE THE FORCE HOLDING THE MOON TO ITS ORBIT. NEWTON SHOWED THAT IF THE FORCE DECREASED AS THE INVERSE SQUARE OF THE DISTANCE, ONE COULD INDEED CALCULATE THE MOON´S ORBITAL PERIOD, AND GET GOOD AGREEMENT. HE GUESSED THE SAME FORCE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OTHER ORBITAL

MOTIONS, AND HENCE NAMED IT UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION.