isabel briggs myers & katharine c. briggs (1940’s) coming out of carl jung’s work (1920’s)...
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Isabel Briggs Myers &Katharine C. Briggs (1940’s) Coming out of Carl Jung’s work (1920’s)
MYERS-BRIGGS MBTI®1959
OBJECTIVES
DIMENSIONS OF OPPOSITES
EXTROVERT (E) INTROVERT (I)
SENSOR (S) INTUITOR (N)
THINKING (T) FEELING (F)
JUDGING (J) PERCEIVING (P)
NOW, YOU PREDICT AS I DESCRIBE…..
Click icon to add picture•EXERCISE
•ARMS
•NAME
EXTROVERT/INTROVERT(E/I)WHERE DO WE GET ENERGIZED?
EXTROVERTS: external, outer-directed, energized by people and external events
INTROVERTS: Reflective Inner- directed, reflective, introspective, depleted by people
SOURCE OF ENERGYExtroversion (E)
Receive Energy from interacting with people,
direct attention outward Sociable & expressive Extend themselves into the
environment Put themselves in the foreground* Enjoy working in groups* Given a problem – What do you
do? Go to others first
Talk things over in order to understand them
Work out ideas by talking through**
Prefer action over reflection
Introversion (I)
• Receive energy from reflecting, direct attention to inner world
• Private & contained
• Defend against external demands/intrusions
• Stay in the background*
• Enjoy working alone or w/ one or two others*
• Given a problem - Want to think before talking to others
• Think things through to understand them
• Work out ideas by reflecting**
• Prefer reflection over action
• Consider and think deeply
• Think-Speak-Think
• Prefer written communication• E-mail, Written Communication
• Narrow interests – more in depth
NOT THIS!!
Susan Cain’s talk: the Power of Introverts
EXTROVERTS-72%
INTROVERTS- 28%
H TT P : / / W W W. T E D . C O M / TA L K S / S U S A N _ C A I N _ T H E _ P O W E R _ O F _ I N T ROV E RT S . H T M L
SENSOR/INTUITOR (S/N)
HOW WE TAKE IN INFORMATION
SENSOR: Uses the five senses, trusts and remembers facts, action-oriented, concrete, the actual
INTUITOR: Looks at all the possibilities, considers the whole, conceptual, imaginative, patterns in the data
GATHERING INFORMATION
Sensing (S)
• Want to know what is…Here & Now
• Prefer the tried & true -Trust what has worked in the past
• Prefer information that is real & tangible*
• Understand ideas & theories through practical application
• Like hearing facts and details first*
• Take in info sequentially (Especially during change)
• Build carefully & thoroughly to conclusion
• Need sequential steps to get understand big picture**
Intuition (N)
• Want to know what could be …Future Possibilities
• Prefer the new & untried • Value imagination and trust inspiration*
• Take in information in random ordering
• Focus on patterns and meanings of data
• Remember specifics when related to patterns
• Bounce around
• Big picture first, then other information**
• Move quickly to conclusion- follow hunches
• See problems as opportunities to innovate
• Talk generalities
• Desire change
• Imaginative & verbally creative
THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS GENERALLY APPLY TO ME:
Sensing (S)
I remember events as snapshots of what actually happened.
I solve problems by working through facts until I understand the problem.
I am pragmatic and look to the “bottom line.”
I start with facts and then form a big picture.
I trust experience first and trust words and symbols less.
Sometimes I pay so much attention to facts, either present or past, that I miss new possibilities.
Intuition (N)
I remember events by what I read “between the lines” about their meaning.
I solve problems by leaping between different ideas and possibilities.
I am interested in doing things that are new and different.
I like to see the big picture, then to find out the facts.
I trust impressions, symbols, and metaphors more than what I actually experienced
Sometimes I think so much about new possibilities that I never look at how to make them a reality.
SENSOR-76%INTUITOR -24%
S OR N? YOU CHOOSE
THINKING/FEELING (T/F)
YOUR DECISION MAKING STYLE
THINKING: intellectual, deliberate, analytical, exact, logical, impersonal
FEELING: Spontaneous, empathetic, people-oriented
MAKING DECISIONS
Thinking (T)• Seek general truths when
making decisions• Give objective advice• Logical decision making• Problems, cause & effect,
Weigh pros & cons• Prefer things to be objective• Have an interest in data• Data or fact oriented• Remain detached when
making a decision
Feeling (F)
• Seek individual and interpersonal harmony when making decisions
• Give supportive advice
• Harmonious decision making• problems: impact on people• put weight on values• prefer things to be personal
• Have an interest in people-People-oriented
• Remain personally involved when making a decision
• Look for qualities to praise
• May appear “tender-hearted”
• Strive to be compassionate- All treated as individuals
T OR F? YOU CHOOSE
FEELERS NEED THINKERS
THINKERS NEED FEELERS To analyze
To organize
To fire
To stand firm against opposition
To hold to policy
To persuade
To conciliate
To forecast how others will feel
To teach
To sell
JUDGING/PERCEPTION (J/P)HOW WE DEAL WITH THE OUTSIDEHOW THE PERSON REGARDS COMPLEXITY.
JUDGING: Prefers DM ( T or F), desires closure, likes deadlines, outcome oriented, neat, planned, orderly
PERCEIVING: Prefers data collecting (S or N) , adaptable, open, fluid, process oriented, resist making a decision, flexible
LIFESTYLE – ORGANIZING LIFE
Judging (J)
• Make short & long-term plans
• Scheduled, organized lives
• See routines as effective
• Systematic & methodical
Systematic communication
• Like to have things decided – avoid last minute stressors
• Quickly commit to plans & decisions
• Like to come to closure and act on decisions
• Finish tasks before the deadline
• Want things to be settled & structured
• Stressor: indecisiveness
Perceiving (P)
• Flexible, casual lives• See routines as limiting• Like to adapt & change course• Like things loose – feel energized by
last minutes stressors• Reserve the rights to change plans
& decisions• Like to remain open and adapt to
new information• Finish tasks at the deadline• Want things to be flexible & open
Spontaneous communication• Stressor: “premature” closer• Open-minded
J OR P? YOU CHOOSE
COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLESFOR E/I
E/I:
Extraverted types learn best by talking and interacting with others. By interacting with the physical world, extraverts can process and make sense of new information.
Introverted types prefer quiet reflection and privacy. Information processing occurs for introverts as they explore ideas and concepts internally.
COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLES
FOR S/N
S/N:
Sensing types enjoy a learning environment in which the material is presented-detailed and sequential. Sensing types often attend to what is occurring in the present, and can move to the abstract after they have established a concrete experience.
Intuitive types prefer a learning atmosphere in which an emphasis is placed on meaning and associations. Insight is valued higher than careful observation, and pattern recognition occurs naturally for Intuitive types.
COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLESFOR T/F
T/F:
Thinking types desire objective truth and logical principles and are natural at deductive reasoning.
Feeling types place an emphasis on issues and causes that can be personalized while they consider other people's motives.
COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLESFOR J/P
J/P:
Judging types will thrive when information is organized and structured, and they will be motivated to complete assignments to gain closure.
Perceiving types will flourish in a flexible learning environment in which they are stimulated by new and exciting ideas.
RANGE OF DECISION STYLES
STSensation/Think
NTIntuition/Think
SFSensation/Feel
NFIntuition/Feel
Focus of Attention
Facts Possibilities Facts Possibilities
Method of Handling Things
Impersonal Analysis
Impersonal Analysis
Personal Warmth
Personal Warmth
Tendency to Become
Practical Logical Sympathetic Enthusiastic
Expression of Abilities
Technical Skills with facts & objects
Theoretical & technical development
Practical help, service for people
Understand & communicate with people
•SUMMARY EXERCISE
•Mix groups and have them answer following question:
•“How would you (or your business organization) use knowledge from a tool like the MBTI in teams?”
COMBINATIONS OF DECISION MAKING (T/F) AND THE EXTERNAL ORIENTATION (J/P)
LEADING/FOLLOWING STYLES
TJ
TP
FP
FJ
Logical Decision Makers
Adaptable Problem Solvers
Supportive Coaches
Values-Based Decision Makers
TJLOGICAL DECISION MAKERS
Analytical Decisive leader. Make decisions based on principles and systems, overall impact and rational assessment of outcomes. Can be tough-minded in implementing decisions.
Effective implementers of policies IF they respect the leader.
TP ADAPTABLE PROBLEM SOLVERS
Lead by example. Value and display technical expertise, create consistent, orderly frameworks for working. Objective, skeptical, curious. Will change course as new info comes in.
Effective problem solver IF interested.
FPSUPPORTIVE COACHES
Warm, flexible, encouraging leaders. Support individual work styles and like to involve others in decisions. Prefer collegial relationships, shared rewards, consensus in decisions.
Energetic followers IF treated with respect.
FJVALUES-BASED DECISION MAKERS
Warm, decisive leaders. Make decisions based on their personal vales and empathy with others. Strive for harmony, consensus, supportive environment. Are expressive and often inspiring.
Loyal followers IF the leader honors their values.
LEADING/FOLLOWING STYLES
TJ
TP
FP
FJ
Logical Decision Makers
Adaptable Problem Solvers
Supportive Coaches
Values-Based Decision Makers
NT. Rationals. Visionary, Architect
NF. Idealist.. Catalyst, Diplomat
SP. Artisans. Troubleshooter
SJ. Guardians. Stabilizer, Traditionalist
NT RATIONALS: VISIONARY, ARCHITECT
Need power over nature, mastery, self-control
Value concepts, ideas, progress, truth, theory, intelligence. Likes to be thought of as an expert.
Prefer to perpetually learn, to categorize, design, strategize, organize
Core: Must be competent.
NF. IDEALIST: CATALYST, DIPLOMAT
Need Meaning and significance
Value relationships, ethics, morality, genuineness, cooperation, authenticity
Prefer to advocate, facilitate, give advice, dream
Core: Significance, uniqueness
SP. ARTISANS: TROUBLESHOOTER
Need freedom to act, ability to make an impact
Value excitement, aesthetics, adventure, variety, performance
Prefer promotion, crises management, adapting to new, participating in games
Core: Freedom, recognition, see the fruit of their labor
SJ. GUARDIANS: STABILIZER, TRADITIONALIST
Need membership, belonging, responsibility
Value rules, security, conformity, stability
Prefer to provide, protect, supervise, make rules
Core: Being responsible. Take care of all the details. Need to belong to the organization.