ISBN: 978-979-25-9572-7

PROCEEDinGS

InTERnATiOnAl SEminAR The pt International Seminar and the 7th Biennial Meeting

of Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association

lointEy organizea 6y:

FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, JENDERAL

SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY, PURWOKERTO

INDONESIA

INDONESIAN NUTRITION AND FEED SCIENCE

ASSOCIATION (AINI)

Proceedings International Seminar The 1st International Seminar and the i h Biennial Meeting of Indonesian Nutrition and

Feed Science Association (Purwokerto, 18-19 July, 2009)

"EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL FEEDS TO SUPPORT FEED SECURITY"

First Edition Purwokerto, 2010 ISBN: 978-979-25-9572-7

Editors: Ali Agus (Gadjah Mada University) E. R. ¢rskov (Rowett Research Institute-England) A. R. Alimon (University Putra Malaysia-Malaysia) Caribu Hadi Prayitno (Jenderal Soedirman University)

Nahrowi Ramli (Bogor Agricultural University)

Juni Sumarmono (Jenderal Soedirman University) Ning Iriyanti (Jenderal Soedirman University) Titin Widiyastuti (Jenderal Soedirman University) Setya Agus Santosa (Jenderal Soedirman University)

Reviewer: Sri Suhermiyati Akhmad Sodiq Suwarno Nunung Noor Hidayat Pambudi Yuwono

Jointly Published by: Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED) and Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association (AINI)

Printed by: UNSOED-Press JI. Prof. Dr. Bunyamin, Grendeng, Purwokerto, Central Java, INDONESIA 53122

II

PREFACE

Let us tha nk to God the Almighty, because of His amazing grace, this proceeding was

completed . This book consists of articles presented during The 1st International Seminar and

the i h Biennial Meeting of Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association on the

Empowerment of Local Feeds to Support Feed Security are held by the Indonesian Nutrition

and Feed Science Association in collaboration with Faculty of Animal Science, UNSOED. The

objectives of this event were, among others, to provide a forum for sharing and exchanging

new information and technology, discussing the way how to attain a sustainable agriculture in

supporting animal feed security and also establishing a new contact, renewing friendship and

network among participants.

During the two-day meeting, reviewed papers from invited speakers as well scientific

papers from the participants were discussed and presented in the sessions of supporting

paper and poster presentations. Selected papers were published in the Journal of the

Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association (AINI). The meeting was attended by

around 250 participants coming from the UK, Malaysia, and Indonesia. They are 96 % from

universities, 4 % from research institutes, and the rest from government representatives and

private companies . On behalf of the organizing comm ittee, we would like to extend our great

appreciation to all parties (sponsor, companies, and institution) for invaluable assistances and

supports to the success of this seminar.

III

Purwokerto, July 2010

Chair of the Organizing Committee Dr. Sri Suhermiyati

REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN OF AINI

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.,

AINI that was firstly established in 1996 with the objective to gather all of the animal nutrition and feed scientists in Indonesia permitting the exchange of knowledge and experiences under spirit of brotherhood, to stimulate the advancement of science and technology in nutrition and feed science, thus benefiting to the competitiveness of animal

agribusiness. At the beginning, AINI scientific meeting was held, every year (1996, 1997) but due to the economic crisis in 1998, the meeting was held biannually. The first three scientific meetings were held in IPB Bogor (2001), while the next was conducted respectively in UNDIP Semarang (2003), UNIBRAW Malang (2005), and UGM Yogyakarta (2007).

The 2009 meeting is the i h meeting, organized by AINI members from Purwokerto especially from the Faculty of Animal Science UNSOED with the theme "Empowerment of

local feeds to suport feed security" The actual meeting is declared as "The 1st

International

Seminar and i h biennial meeting of AINI" This International seminar was firstly inspired by the fact that AINI has great potential to do so and it is now to show AINI member's scientific activities then ever to the stakeholders. Secondly, there is a political will of the government by offering the competitive grant for every profesional association to conduct the international symposium, and recently we have the good news that AINI is announced to get

this competitive grant from Directorate General of Higher Education. I would like also to take this opportunity to share the idea with all you, that AINI as the

organization of scientist, to have a international scientific journal is a must. The journal deals with all aspects of nutrition and feed issues in tropical conditions. The Management board of AINI has taken the decision for revitalizing the AINI Journal to become the Journal of Nutrition and Feed Science, internationally recognized, by involving the International committee of lecture as the reviewers. To this end, we need fully your support and encourage the scientists

especially the young scientists to publish their work in English. The accomplishment of this

task will bring the association more respected in national and international level. My sincere thanks to the Dean of the Faculty of Animal Science UNSOED, the

organizing committee, sponsors, and any parties that can not be listed since we are deeply indebt to all of your effort and sacrifice to the success of this seminar. Our sincere thanks must go to the Directorate General for Higher Education Department of National Education

for the grant awarded. For our invited speakers, Prof. Orskov from MLURI UK, Prof. AR Alimon

from UPM Malaysia, Prof. Marsetyo, Dr. Didiek J. Rachbani, and Dr. Desianto from Indonesia, we are indebt to your effort and participation. Your views will enlighten and inspire how to empower our local feed resources in sustaining the feed security for the future.

Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

IV

Purwokerto, July 2010 Dr. Ali Agus

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7

TABEL OF CONTENTS

KEYNOTE PAPERS Strategy for the development of feed. The Director of Non Ruminant Management, Department of

Agriculture of Republic of Indonesia ..... ..... .... . ... ........................ ...... .................................. .

Improving feedstuff supply and quantity with an emphasis on plant and animal breeding multiculture

and agroforestry. E.R. 0rskov, PJ. Goddard, Kustantinah........ .... ... .. ... ......... ......... ............. ... .. .. 5

Strategies to meet feed requirement of smallholder beef cattle toward the acceleration of beef self

sufficiency program. Marsetyo, Damry, Dahlanuddin, Dicky Pamungkas, Esnawan

Budisantoso, Takdir Saili ....... ..... ....... '" ............ ...... . .... .......... .. ... ........ .... ...... . ................ ............... 14

Poultry production and the potency of local raw materials usage in Indonesia. Desianto. ...... ........ .......... 27

FEEDSTUFF PAPERS The study of use binders on complete feed block processing on physical and chemical quality . Emmy

Susanti, Titin Widiyastuti and Munasik..................... .. .......... .. .......... ...... .... .... .. .... ....................... 37

Fishmeal quality improvement through antihistamine producer bacteria fermentation. Ning Iriyanti,

Budi Rustomo, Etk.a Aris R. .......... ....................... .......... ...... .................. ............ ........ .. ........ ....... 40

Amino acid indexes of earthworm and earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) for animal feedstuff.

Ahmad Sotyan, Lusty Istiqomah, Ema Damayanti and Hardi lulendra ........ ..... ....... .... ............... 44

The effect of transfer of capsulated omega-3 and l-camitine suplementation on fatty acid

concentration offresh and grilled goat meat. Sudibya, Titin Widyastuti and R .S. Santoso ........ 49

Improving the in vitro nutrient digestibility of ration based on local waste fermented by rumen liquor

and enzyme complex. I Made Mudita, Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa, I Wayan Wirawan

and Ni Wayan Siti. ........................................................................................................................ 54

The evaluation of nutrient quality of ramie leaf silage and hay in complete mixed ration for etawah­

crossbreed goat using in vitro technique . Hutabarat, I.M.L., Mutia, R., Pem1ana, I.G. and

Despa1.................... ..... ......................... ................. .. .... ......... .. ........................................................ 55

Study of feedstuff storage durability using carbondioxyde gas. Tri Rahardjo Sutardi .............................. 56

The utilization of microorgani sms cultures as starter in ensi lage process to increase organoleptic value

and chemical composition of sedge grass (Imperata cylindrica) silage. Ni Gusti Ketut

Roni and I Made Mudita .. ............... .. ........................ ........................ ........ ............. ......... ...... 64

Technical effect and drying time on the quality of ramie (Boehmeria Nivea, L. Gaud) leaf hay. N.D.

Asti, I.G.Permana, Suryahadi and Despal. ....................................... ·...... .. ........................ ............ 68

Acid value and amount of microbe of feedstuf suplemented by antimicrobial agent pseudomonas

fluorescens strain fncc-070 during storage. Titin Widiyastuti, Nina Hastiani, Sudibya. .............. 73

Performances of lactating dairy cows fed macerated alfalfa forage as part of complete feed. Suwamo.. 77

Performances of king grass (Pennisetum purpoides) at fourth defoliation under the influence of urea

and manure fertilizers. Eko Hendarto and Suwamo. .... .............. .. ........ ......... ................. ............. 84

Fermentation technology on high fiber feedstuffs with Aspergillus niger and lab-cellulolitic mixed (c-

lab-m) as ducks rations. Ali Agus, Ema Winarti, Ade Wicaksono and Rosita............................. 88

Frecuency of application organic fluid fertilizer on yield, and nutrition concentration of elephant grass

of Thailand variety. Nur Hidayat and Ballrun............... ..... ....... ..... ......................... .. ............... ... 92

Fermentation of bagasse with Trichoderma v;r;dae and Saccharomyces cereviceae ; it effect on crude

fiber and crude protein degradation as in sacco. Nur Hidayat, dan CaIibu Hadi Prayitno.... ....... 97

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Proceedings International Seminar AINI, Punvokerto 18-19 July 2009

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7

RUMINANT PAPERS

Growth perfoll11ance of bali cattle bull (bos sondaicus) feed fell11ented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) waste. M. Mast ika I. I.W. Supartha 2. , I.W. Wiranatha and A.W. Puger. ... ....... ..... ......... .... ... . 104

Effect of saponin as defaunating agent on in vitro rumina I fell11entation of forage and concentrate

Chusnul Hanim, Lies Mira Yusiati and Syamsul Alim......................... ... .... .............. .... .. ...... .. .. .. 105

The use of cellulolytic microbes from cattle rumen fluid to improve in vitro digestibility of fell11ented

robusta coffee pulp (CoJ(ea Canephora Sp.). Lies Mira Yusiati, Chusnul Hanim and Fatimah

Az Zahra........ .. ............... ..... ... ......... ... .... .. ..... .... .. ...... .. .... .............................. ..... ... .... ........... ...... .. . III

Improving the nutrition quality of complete feeds based on local waste fell11ented by rumen liquor

and enzyme complex. I Made Mudita, Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa, I Wayan Wirawan

and Ni Wayan Siti ......... ........................... ................. ... ... ...... ... ..... .. .... ... .................................... .. 112

Dietary supplementation of vitamin e, Andrographis panicu/ata and turmeric on colour stability of

goats meat. M . Karami, A.R. Alimon, A.Q. Sazili and Y.M. Goh ..... ..... .... ..... .................. .. ........ 118

Feeding the level of protein in the diet on rumen volatile fatty acids, methane and carbon-dioxide of

the male weaned bali calf. Dicky Pamungkas, Hartutik, Kusmartono and N.H.

Krishna ....... .. .............. ............................. .. .................................................... .. .......... .. ... .... ........... 119

Blood chemical profile of Priangan ram that ca-pufa, i-pufa, zn-proteinat and cu-

proteinat administered in feed. Lovita Adriani, U.Hidayat Tanuwiria, and Andi Mushawwi ..... 124

Utilization of coconut oil and Hibiscus rosasinensis on in vitro products of fermentation and numbers

of protozoa. Suparwi... ..... ........................ ..... .......................... .......... .................................... ....... 128

Supplementing energy and protein source at different rate of degradability basal diet of com waste

and coffee pod on rumen fell11entation kinetic of beef cattle. Dicky Pamungkas, R. Utomo, N.

Ngadiyono and M. Winugroho ..... ....... ................ ........... .... .. ..... ...... ........... .......... ................. . ...... 132

The potency of Jatropha curcas L. seeds waste as protein source in animal feed. Efka Aris

Rimbawanto and Iwan Irawan ........... .... ............. ...... .............. .... ......... ...... ... .. .. ...................... ..... . 141

The supplementation of morea plus for increasing perfoll11ance of Ettawah crossbred goats fed diet

containing gliricidia green forage . Siti, Ni W. I G. M. A. Sucipta, I.M. Mudita, I.B.G.

Partama and I G.L.O.Cakra .............. ............ .... ....................................... .. ......................... .. ...... 147

The rate of body fat and protein deposition in weaned sheep during resumption of full feeding.

Satrijo Widi Purbojo and Pambudi Yuwono........ .. ... .. .... .. ...... .................... .......... .... ..... .. .... .. ...... 152

Free fatty acids and rate of glucose utilisation in weaned thin-tailed sheep. Pambudi Yuwono ........ .. .... 156

Goat production system related to local feed resources in Banyumas Indonesia. Akhmad Sodiq .. ...... ... . 161

The influence of sulfur and ratio of Starbio fennented rice straw and concentrate on rumen

fennentation products . F.M. Suhartati and Wardhana Suryapratama .:.. ....... .... .. ......... ........ ..... ... 165

Ratio of rice straw treated with urea-cassava waste and concentrate on nutrient utilization of fattening

local male cattle. Muhamad Bata ...... ................. ...... .... ..... ...... ........ ......... ..... ............................... 172

Nutrien digestibility in Ongole cross breed cattle fed amoniated rice straw and concentrate from

several different sources. Novita Hindratiningrum .......... ........ ...... .. .. .... .. .......................... .... ...... 177

Protein degradation and solubility of Sauropus alldrogYl1lls (\.) Merr. and Arachis hypogeae as

alternative protein sources for lactating goat. Sri Utami, Muhamad Bata, and Imbang

Haryoko................................... .. ............................. ................................... .... ......... ...................... 183

Effect of seasons on dairy cattle milk quantity and quality of Cepogo KUD members in Boyolali

Regency. Triana Yuni Astuti ................. ........ ..... ...... ...................... .. ... .... ................ ....... ......... .. 190

Probiotic for ruminant (study on digestibility and fennentation pattern). Caribu Hadi Prayitno ........ .. .. 194

The effect of chitosan level addition on protein feed source on in vitro rumen microbial degradation

activity. Ristianto Utomo, Lies Mira Yusiati , and Hendra Herdian........... .................................. 198

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Proceedings International SemillarAINI, Pllrwokerto 18-19 Jll(P 2009

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7

Effects of Aspergillus oryzae supplementation on rumen fermentation products .. .. .. ....... ... ........ ... .. . ....... 206

Chemical composition and crude fiber rumen degradation of fiber sources concentrate feedstuffs.

Ristianto Utomo, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto, Lies Mira Yusiati, R.A. Rihastuti, and I

Nyoman Guna Darma ..... ........ ... ........ ......... .... ... ... . ... . ..... ...... ... ........... ......... ..... .... .. ................. ..... 210

NON RUMINANT PAPERS Broi ler' s responses due to a golden apple snail (Pomacea insularus) meal supplementation in the

ration. Nanung Danar Dono, Erni Diskawati, Silvia Kristina Mayasari Ritonga and Edi

Suryanto ........ ....... ... ............ ........ ......... ................... ...... ........................... ....................... ............ . .

Utlization of mulberry leaf meal (Morus alba) in chickens. R. A. AI-Kirshi, A. R. Alimon, 1. Zulkifli,

A. Q. Sazili, M . Wan Zahari ....................................................................................................... ..

The respond of sago (Metroxylon sagu Roltb) offered in the ration supplemented by starnox on

increasing of production and improving the physical quality of duck's egg. A. A. A. Sri

Trisnadewi and Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya.. ........................................ .. ........................................ ..

v 1'erformances of broilers fed corn-soya-palm kernel meal diets supplemented with DL-methionine.

J. J. Jachja, Sumiati, M. Ridla, I.G. Permana, T. Toharmat, and N. Ramli .................................... ..

\.-::7tudy on efficacy of methionine addition in laying hens fed corn-soy-palm kernel based diet.

M.Ridla, Surniati, J. Jachja, T. Toharmat, I.G. Permana and N. Ramli ..... .... .......................... ..

Performance of broiler that polluted by carbon monoxide (CO) from brooder heater with administered

of ascorbic acid and ferrosulfat (FeS04)' Andi Mushawwir and Jacki Zakaria .......................... .

The evaluation of leaf of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) in ration on feed efficiency, meat quality,

body fattened, and blood cholesterol of broiler chicken. Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya and

Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa ................................................................................................. .

Extracted beta-mann an from copra meal as an alternative to antibiotic growth promotants in broiler

diets. B. Sundu, E. Santo, L. Daisy and Damry H.B .................................................................. ..

The use of the sengon leaf meal on the Tegal duck complete feed. Munasik, Titin Widiyastuti, and

216

221

225

226

232

239

244

249

Kumia Chandrawati ....... . ....... ........... ... . ... ........ ................... ......... ................ .. ...... ....... .... ..... ......... 250

Grov...1:h performance and carcass production of male local duck on different housing floor and feed

forn1. Ismoyowati and Rosidi .... .................. ................................................................................. 254

The change of reproductive organ of kampung chickens during the laying and incubating periods.

Mochamad Mufti...................................... .................................................... .. ........ ....................... 258

The effect of incubating behavior on body temperature and breath rate of kampung chickens. Ibnu

Hari Sulistyawan and Mochamad Mufti ...... .......... .......... .. ........................................................ 263 The effect of earthworm supplementation in the ration on growth performance, carcass production,

and abdominal fatness of broiler. Nanung Danar Dono, Ramadani Damanik, Juliana Pasaribu,

and Ali Wibowo..... ..... .... ................. ........ ....... .................. ....................... ...... .... .. .............. ........... 268

Analysis on feed of confined ducks in Purbalingga regency. Imam Suswoyo ......................................... 273

The use of pollard in ration supplemented with yeast may enhanced performance of broiler and

decreased consentration ofn-ammonla in its excreta. Eny Puspani and 1. G. N. G. Bidura...... 276

The effect of Megabac tlTI on broiler performance. Laily Agustina, Ismartoyo, Syamsuddin Hasan,

Fatmawati and Anna ............ .... ........................ .......................... .. .............................................. .. . 283

The use of leaf of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the ration on performance of the duck in the

growth phase. Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya.......................................... .. ................................ 286

The quality and quantity of quail egg on the supplementation of local waste fennented with Rhizopus

sp in feed. Umi Kalsum and Osfar Sjofjan..................................................................... .......... .... 290

The use of animal and vegetable oil in the diet of kampong chicken to the performance of fatty acids

metabolism. Winarto Hadi and Sri Suhermiyati ....................................................................... 293

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Proceedings International Seminar AINI, Purwokerto 18-19 July 2009

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7

Cocoa husk fermentation in diet evaluated from organoleptic characteristics of broiler meat. Sri

Suhenniyati .................. .

Income over feed cost of broiler chicken of difference scale rearing. Rosidi ......................... ............... .

Chlortetracycline additive has no effect on serum transaminase of broilers fed loca l diet. Retno

Murwani, Astri Konstantina Anesta and Redha Yushita ........ ..... ........... ......... ... ...... ........... .. .... .

GENETICS AND REPRODUCTION PAPERS Genetics inheritance of production characteristic based on blood protein pattem in Magelang duck.

297 301

304

Dattadewi Purwantini. ......................... ........... ..... ..... ...... .. ... .................. ........ .............. ... ........ ... ... . 305

The effect of using steroid horn10ne precursor on the reproductive quality of male quail. Abyadul

Fitriyah, Wihandoyo, Supadmo and Ismaya ....... .. ..... ... ....... ....... .... ... .................... ..... ... ... ........... 310 The effect of non genetic factors on milk production at dairy cattle breeding centre of Baturraden.

Setya Agus Santosa .... ............... ....... ....... ....... .. . ..... .... .. ... ..... ... .. . ................. . .... ....... .. ... .. ... .. .. ........ 318

Accuracy of estimation of milk production with test interval method and centering date method to real

milk production in dairy cattle selection. A.T. Ari Sadewo and Setya Agus Santosa .... ....... ..... . 324

The effect of breed and concentrate levels on spenn quality of rams. Dadang Mulyadi Saleh .. .... ... ...... 330

Effect of various levels of egg yolk on semen quality and fertility of native chicken spennatozoa.

Sugiyatno, and Dadang Mulyadi Saleh .. ...... ....... ........... ........................ ....... .. ... .......... .. .............. 335

Application of teclmology to improve of ewes reproduction and lamb production perfonnance in fat

tail sheep. Mas Yedi Sumaryadi, Agus Priyono, Budi Haryanto, and Herry Soeprapto.. ... .... .... 339

PRODUCTION, POST-HARVEST AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS PAPERS Technical efficiency ratio (TER) of dairy fanning in Banyumas regency. Rahayu Widiyanti and

Sri Mastuti ......... .. ...................... .............. .. ...... ... .... ................ .... ................ ....... ..... .... '" ........ ..... .. 34t

Daily weight gain perfonnance and carcass quality of Indonesian indigenous sheep fed supplements

containing treated cassava peel. R. Singgih Sugeng Santosa....................................................... 35(

The erythrocyte and packed cell vo lume (PCV) of broiler chicken which is reared on different litters.

S.J.A. Setyawati .... .. ... ....................................... .................. ................... .. ........ ................... ... .... ... 35,

Isolation and identification of antihistamine "histamine methyl transferase" producer rumen bacteria.

Ning lriyanti, Budi Rustomo and Efka Aris R. ...... .......... ............................................................. 35

The influence of farn1er's characteristic to increase knowledge and interest goat farmer through comic

about marginal area for cultivated forage plant. Krismiwati Muatip. ...... ..... .... ..... ........ .............. 36

Applied of analytical hierarchy process for development strategy analysis of small-scale poultry feed

industry in Sidenreng-Rappang regency, South Sulawesi. Jasmal A Syamsu and lrsyam

Syamsuddin .. ... ............................. .... .... ....... ,. ............. ....... ..... .. ... . ... ........ ........... ......... ..... .... ... .. .. .. 3E Prospectus analysis of halal gelatin agro-industrial from split hides at leather tarming factory in

Indonesia. Syarifuddin Nur and Suharjito... .. ........ .... ............................................ ..... ......... ......... 3~

Effects of dipping time in organic acids on total viable count and quality of broiler carcasses.

Agustinus Hantoro Djoko Rahardjo and Juni Sumarn10no .................... .. .... .. ............................... 3' Changes in internal quality parameters of edible-coated shell eggs during storage. Juni Sumarn10no

and Bambang Sedar Santosa ......... ........ ....................... ... . .................. ........ ...... ... ............ .......... ... 3:

The effect of additives and time of ensilage on characteristics and quality of ramie (Boehmeria nivea,

L. Gaud) leave silages. Safarina, S.N., Jayadi, S., Pennana, I.G. and Despal ............................. J The correlation between floor space and sanitation of cage with mastitis disease occurrence on the

dairy cattle. Sri Hastuti....... ...... ..... ..... ......... . ...... .... ... .. ..... ............................................ .. .. ... ..... .. .. 3

Empowerment of dairy cow livestock in enhancing well being of rural community in Kecamatan

Baturraden. Tri Sugiarto.. ............. ..... .... ..... ... ... ....... ... . .... .. . .. .. . .... ........................... ... . ...... . .. . ....... . 4

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Find out the most critical capital investment required at an integrated beef cattle farming In

Purbalmgga. Nunung Noor Hidayat and Sri Mastuti ...... ..... .. .... ................ ......... ............. 409

Assessment of group dynamic and individual potencies of Batur sheep farmer to improve their

producti vity in Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Novie Andri Setianto . ... ... ...... ..... . ......... .... ... . .... . 415

The effectiveness of Morinda citr!folia, Curcumae xanthoriza and Curcwnae domestica extract for

immunostimulatory titer antibody Newcastle Disease and avian influenza on broiler.

Sufiriyanto, M. Indradji and Supriyanto .. ........... ...................... .................... ............................ . . 420

Farmers perception on the artificial insemination (Al) program in Banyumas. Moch. Sugiarto and

Krismiwati Muatip .. ........... ...... ... ....... ..... ............. .. ............ ... .... ...... .... ..... ... .......... .. ... .... .. .. ..... .. .... 426

Immunity response of double dose NO-vaccinated parent pelung day old chicken. Dwi Prabowo ... ...... 432 Contributions of husbandry sector to regional domestic income Cilacap region. Pramono Hariadi .. .. .... . 435

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STUDY ON EFFICACY OF METHIONINE ADDITION IN LA YING HENS FED CORN-SOY-PALM KERNEL BASED DIET

by M. Ridla, Sumiati, J. Jachja , T. Toharnlat, IG. Permana and N. Ramli,

Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science. Faculty of Animal Science. Bogar Agricultural University. Bogar

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of methionine supplementation either

in drinking water or diet on feed convertion ratio, henday egg production from hens age 21-25 weeks, egg production, egg weight, percentage of egg yolk, egg albumen, eggshell, as well as eggshell thickness in laying hens fed corn-soy-PKM based diet. Three hundred and fifty commercial laying hens age 16 weeks with initial weight of 1626.7±38.7 g were assigned randomly in a completely randomized design to one of seven dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows: (a) deficient in methionine without the addition of methionine; (b, c, d) deficient in methionine with addition of methionine in the diets at level of 0.05, 0.10, and 0 .15 giving total methionine content in the rations of 0.33, 0.38, and 0.43%; (e, f, g) deficient in methionine with addition of methionine in the drinking water at level of 0.1 0, 0 .15, and 0.20%. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOV A) according to the procedure of SAS. The average intake of methionine of S2 during five weeks of the experiment was 388 .8 mg/day/bird, while the average intake of methionine of SO and S 1 were less than the requirement, i.e., 276 mg/day/bird and 330 mgldaylbird, respectively. The intake of methionine of S3, S5, and S6 was over the requirement (432 mgldaylbird) and this amount of methionine could decrease the perfonnances of the hens. Supplementation of 0 .1 % methionine in the diets (S2, total methionine in the diet was 0.38%), and 0.05% in the drinking water gave the best results in terms of hen-day egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, albumin weight, and shell we ight. It is concluded that methionine should be added to corn-soy-palm kernel based poultry diets as much as 0.1 % in diet and 0.05% in the drinking water.

Keywords: corn-say-palm kernel, methionine, egg production.

INTRODUCTION Corn-soy-palm kernel based poultry

diets are deficient in limiting amino acids such

as methionine. Amino acid balance and

nitrogen retention in poultry diets are

improved by methionine supplementation.

Adoption of low dietary protein and

supplementation of synthetic amino acid in

poultry diets recently is becoming relevant in

feed fonnulation to minimize the nitrogen

excretion and production cost. Levels and

balance of amino acids in the diets are

important nutritional variables that affect the

feed efficiency in layer (AI-Saffar and Rose,

2002).

Methionine in the fonn of liquid

methionine hydroxy analogue (LMA) and

solid DL-Methionine (DLM) product are

available 111 the market. Efficacy of the

products is believed to be correlated with

nutritional value of the diet, climate and the

type of poultry. The previous experiment

indicated that the supplementation of 0.25 % DL-methionine in starter diets and 0.20% in

finisher diets in the com-soya based diet

increased perfomlance of broiler (Jahja et al,.

2007). However , the optimum level of

methionine addition in broiler may differ from

that in layer, and moreover, inclussion of palm

kernel meal (PKJ\1) in laying hens diets may

affec t nutrient retention including methionine.

The objective of this study was to

investigate the effect of methionine

supplementation either in drinking water or

diet on egg production and its quality in

laying hens fed com-soy-PKM based diet.

Proceedings International Seminar AINI, Purwokerto 18-19 July 2009 232

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7

MATERIALS AND METHOD Materials

Three hundred and fifty ISA-Brown strain

laying hens , 16 weeks of age , were purchased

from conunercial breeder. Liquid methionine

hydroxy analogue (LMA) and solid DL­

Methionine (DLM) was supplied by Sumitomo

Chemical Co. , Ltd. Feedstuffs were obtained

and mixed in a small comercial feed mill in

Bogor-Indonesia. The pullets were kept in

individual cages in conventional house system (an open-side poultry house). Each cage was completed with feeder and drinking water.

The lighting period was provided for 16 hours

from 05:00 AM to 21:00 PM daily.

Methods

Rations used for feeding trials were

fonnulated based on poultry requirement according to NRC (1994) using com-soy-PKM

based diet. The fonnula and chemical composition are shown in Table I. The ration

was fabricated twice a month.

Three hundreds and fifty commercial

laying hens age 16 weeks with initial weight

of 1626.7±38.7 g were assigned randomly in a completely randomized design to one of seven

dietary treatments . The treatments were as follows : (a) deficient in methionine without

addition methionine; (b, c, d) deficient in

methionine with addition of methionine in the

diets at level of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 giving

total methionine content in the rations of 0.33,

0.38, and 0.43%; (e, f, g) deficient in

methionine with addition of methionine in the

drinking water at level of 0.10, 0.15, and

0.20%. Diets and water were offered ad

libilUI1l.

Feed and water intake, egg production,

and egg weight were recorded daily. Feed

convertion ratio, henday egg production from hens age 21-25 weeks, and methionine

consumption were then calculated. Dilling the

last days of the experimental period, eggs sample from each treatments were taken to

detennine egg quality in tenns of percentage

of egg yolk, egg albumen, eggshell, as well as

eggshell thickness. Data were analyzed

statistically using analysis of variance (ANOY A) according to the procedure of SAS

(Steel and Torrie, 1991).

RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Feed Intake

The feed intake of the laying hens is

presented in Table 2. Supplementation of DL­methionine either in the diets or in the

drinking water did not affect the feed intake of

the hens.

Table I. Formula and chemical composition of experimental diets Ingredients (%) Chemical Composition

Nutrient (%) Com Local 53.96 DM 86.16

SBM India 18.08 Ash 10.18

Limestone Pow 9.0 CP 15.25 Rice Bran 7 CF 5.45 CGM USA 2.74 EE 2.66 Crude Palm Oil 2.13 NFE 52.62 DCP 1.28 Ca 4.38 Sodium Bicarbonat 0.29 P 0.99 Salt 0.20 NaCI 0.1 L-Lysine 0.11 GE (kcallkg) 3984 Choline Chlorid 0.10 MineralMix 0.05 VitaminMix 0.05

Proceedings International Seminar AINI, Purwokerto /8-19 July 2009 233

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7

Table 2. Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on feed consumption (glday/bird)*

Treatments _A-""g_e...>..(W_ e_ek_s-'-) ______ __________ -.,-_ _______ _ 21 22 23 24

SO 96.60 ± 1.71 9606 ± 2.71 97.33±2.73 103 .27± 5.65

SI 98.37 ±0.76 96.14 ± 3.63 97.40 ±3.40 IO S.36± 1. 87

S2 98.16±1.14 98.75 ±1.29 9980±1.03 112.33±2.63

S3 96.45 ± 2.06 95.96 ± 3.82 97.12±2.41 109.79± 1.32

S4 98.21 ±1.l4 94.53 ± 3.69 97.41±2.79 106.63±4.0 1

SS 97.34±S.19 97.77 ± 2.3S 9S.8S±4.42 1 06.68± 0.36

S6 97.22± 2.99 94.90 ± 2.S2 94.72±7.90 10S.12±I.S7

* The basal diet contained 0.28% methionine; 0.56% methionine+cystine; SO= the diet without DL methionine supplementation; S 1 = +0.05% DL-methionine in the diet; S2= + 0.1 % DL-methionine in the diet; S3= + 0. 15% DL-methionine in the diet; S4=+0.05% DL-methionine in the drinking water; S5= + 0.1 % DL-methionine in the drinking water; S6= + 0.15% DL-methionine in the drinking water

Table 3. Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on water consumption (mllday/bird)*

Treatments Age (Weeks)

21 22

SO 215.09± 8.27 298 .S4±12.99 Sl 193.49±16.98 244.54±26.28

S2 224.80±17.92 264 .97±17.80

S3 203.94±20.31 256.03± 16.42

S4 205.54±9.73 249.86±14.14

S5 193.43±12.43 248.80 ± 2.80

S6 166.71± 10.21 216.89±21.33

However, the average of feed intake of the

hens offered supplemented with methionine in

diet or drinking water were higher than that of

the hens offered control diet (without supplementation), except for the hens fed S6

diet ( + 0.15% DL-methionine in the dlinking

water). This feed intake was similar to that

reported by Bell and Weaver (2002) that feed

intake of brown egg layers at 21 weeks, 22

weeks, 23 weeks, 24 weeks, and 25 weeks old

were 96.4 glhen/day, 99.1 g/hen/day, 10 1.4

glhenlday, and 103 .2 glhen/day, respective ly.

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Water Intake

The average of water intake of the

laying hens were presented in Table 3.

Supplementation of DL-methionine either in

the diets or drinking water decreased the

average of water intake during the first five

weeks of laying period. Compared to the

water intake of the hen fed control diet, the

decreasing water intake were 16.04% (S I) ,

13.16% (S2), 20.58% (S3), 14.82% (S4),

23 24

316.74±13.47 361.l1±3S.92

263.63±8.59 298.67±51.07

26S.14±19.78 279.76±46.95

235.43±13.61 2S0.90±34.94

266.06± 15.36 293.41±48.01

258.91±22.06 278.46±25.17

228.17±17.07 49.51±29.20

17.78%, and 27.71% (S6). The hens fed 86 (+

0.15% DL-methionine in the drinking water)

had the lowest water intake. The reduction in

water intake could be due to the taste of water as the result of rather high content DL­

methionine. Water intake reconU11ended by Bell and Weaver (2002) in laying hens was

220 mllhenlday at house temperature of

28.9°C and 300 mllhenlday at 34.4°C.

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on the Egg Weight

The data of egg weight of this research

were presented in Table 4. Supplementation

of DL-methionine either in the diets of

drinking water increased the egg weight with

the value of 3.22% (S1), 5.2% (S2), 3.45% (S3), 4.96% (84), 5.10% (S5), and 3.22% (S6).

Leeson and Sununers (2005) reported that

apart from manipulating feed intake, egg size

could be manipulated by adjusting dietary

levels of energy, fat and linoleic acid, or by_

adjustment to levels of protein, methionine and

sulphur amino acids (TSAA). There was a

Proceedillgs Illternatiollal Seminar AINI, PurHlokerto 18-19 July 2009 234

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ISBN 978-9 79-25-9572-7

Table 4. Eggs weight (gr) of layer with and without methionine supplementation*

Treatments Replication Average

2 3 4 5

SO 51 .4 50.84 50.89 51 88 51.1S 51.24 SI 51.5 2 50.8 1 50 .28 50.72 51.47 50.96 S2 52. 15 50.29 53.09 52 .26 52.12 51.98 S3 51.65 52.21 52.15 50 .34 5175 51.62 S4 52.35 51.49 51.65 51 .67 53.52 52.14 S5 53.4 49.34 52.39 51.3 7 51.95 51.69 S6 5175 50.75 50.74 52 .9 51.67 51.56

Table 5. Henday egg production (%) of layer with and without methionine addition*

Treatments Age (Weeks) 21 22

SO 26.32 ±14.56 43 ±14.52 SI 29.96±17.16 46 ±20.06 S2 40.88 ±13 .91 60±16.55 S3 38.36 ± 9.53 57 ± 6.96 S4 36.68 ±19 .78 60 ±23.42 S5 38.92 ±18.87 56 ± 6.49 S6 17.36± 6.07 37 ± 5.65

consistent linear trend in the increase in egg

weight in yOWlg birds as the increased in

TSAA level from 0.65 to 0.81 %. Analysis of

this data indicated that egg size of young

layers increased by 0.7g for each 0.05%

increase in diet TSAA. The TSAA of the diets

in this study was 0.56% (SO), 0.61 % (S 1),

0.66% (S2) , and 0.71 % (S3). The hens fed

S2( + 0.1 % DL-methionine in the diet) yielded

the highest egg weight. The eggs weight were

almost the same to the standard egg weight

suggested by Bell and Weaver (2002) who

reported that the weight of conmlercial egg

was 46 glegg (at 21 weeks of age), 47.5 glegg

(at 22 weeks of age), 49.0 g/egg (at 23 weeks

of age), 50.7 glegg (at 24 weeks of age), and

52.3 g/egg (at 25 weeks of age).

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Henday Egg Production

Henday egg production is presented in

Table 5. There was no different in henday

production in the first five day production

period. Henday egg production at the first

week of the production period ranged from

17.36 to 40.88%. During the first five weeks ,

all groups of laying hen indicated the similar

trend in hen day production. Al though the

23 24 63.00 ±16.95 68.04 ± 7.45 62.72 ±18.0S 75.60±12.52 70.00 ± 16.54 81.48±10.77 71.96 ±11.90 83.72± 8.82 72.52 ± 16.46 80.36± 1 0.50 65.24 ±12.07 70.84± 9.37 56.00 ±12.60 69.44±15.51

methionine supplementation either in solid or

liquid foml had no significant effect on hand

day production, the supplementation tended to

improve the productivity of layer. The excess

of supplemented methionine tended to reduce

henday production. Supplementation of DL­

methionine either in the diet or drinking water

increased henday egg production by 5.2%

(31) , 19.37% (S2), 19.28% (33), 18.49% (S4),

and 9.94% (35). However, the

supplementation of methionine in the drinking

water at the level of 0.15% (36) decreased the

henday egg production by 8.85%. The

increasing of this henday egg production could

be due to methionine role in protein synthesis

in the liver of hens, and then increasing the

follicle forming. The henday egg production

of 33 and 34 at 25 weeks of old was 88.48%,

and 88.20%, respectively. The values were

similar to that standard according to Bell and

Weaver (2002) who reported that henday egg

production for commercial laying hens at 25

weeks of old was 89.5%.

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Feed Convertion Ratio

Feed conversion ratio of laying hen

offered rations supplemented with methionine

Proceedings International Seminar AINI, PurlVokerto 18-19 JU~I' 2009 235

ISBN 978-9 79-25-9572-7

is presented in Table 6. Supplementation of

DL-methionine in the diets and drinking water

decreased feed conversion or increased feed

effi ciency. Thi s resuls indicated that basal

diet (SO) had mild deficient of methionine.

Pest i e! aI, (2005) reported that feed

effic iency IS reduced when imbalanced

proteins are fed.

Feed conversion decreased with the

progress of the production period. Variation

of feed conversion was high during the first

three week of laying period. The values

ranged from 2.4 7 to 2.96 in the week 4 of the

laying period. Supplementation of methionine

tended to decrease feed conversion ratio

during the first five week of the production

period. The excess of supplemented

methionine tended to increase feed conversion.

Available methionine in the experimental

rations did not meet the requirement of the

experimental laying hen. The supplementation

of methionine at level up to 0.1 % corrected the

defficiency of methionin 111 the ration.

However the methionine supplementation up

to 0.15% resulted in excess of methioeine or in

balance in amino acid.

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Egg quality

Egg quality of laying hen offered rati ons supplemented with methionine is presented in Table 7. Supplementation of DL­methion ine in the diet and drinki ng water did not affect the yolk weight, but it increased the albumen weight. This results showed that methionine supplementation increased the protein synthesis in ten11 of albumen protein. Pesti et al., (2005) reported that the essential , or dietary indispensable, amino acids are needed to make protein and other compound. Amino acid needs change when protein synthesis changes. When birds are actively producing feather or egg, for instance, thei r requirements refl ect the amino acids in these products as well as those needed for muscle growth and maintenance Pesti et al. (2005) reported that the most impOliant factor in determining egg size is the size of yolk, largely lipids , and the second most important

factor in dete1111ining egg size is the albumen almost entirely protein. Because hens need fo; protein and amino acids to synthesis albumen is hi gh, any lack of protein results in a decrease the amount of albumen, and consequently egg size even though the quantity yo lk may be similar. Increasing the protein and amino ac id contents of the diet has a marked effect on increasing egg size, particularly when the hen is laying small eggs

Supplementation of DL-methionine in the diets and drinking water increased the egg shell weight, except for the S4 and S5. This results indicated that there was an increasing in calcium retention in the egg shell due to increasing of protein synthesis as methionine supplementation was done. According to Pesti et al., (2005) that calcium may be bound to protein in the enterocytes and is transported in the blood in both ionized and protein-bound forms. The results of this research showed that supplementation of 0.1 % methionine in the diets (S2, total methionine in the diet was 0.38%) resulted in the best performances in terms of hen-day egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, albumin weight, and shell weight. It could be due to meet the requirement of methionine to perform those performances of the hens. The estimated methionine requirement for egg number and weight are 364 mgldayfbird and 356 mgldayfbird, respectively. The average intake of methionine of S2 group during five weeks of the experiment was 388.8 mglday/bird, while the average intake of methi onine of SO and S 1 group were less than the requirement, i.e ., 276 mgldayfbird and 330 mglday/bird, respectively. The intake of methionine of S3 was 21 .35 % over the requirement (432 mgldayfbird) and this amount of methionine could decrease the perf01111anCeS of the hens. This result indicated that there was a mild excessive of methionine in the S3 diet. Supplementation methionine 0.05 % in the drinking water yielded a better perfon11ances compared to others (S5 and S6). The methi onine intake of S5 and S6 group could be excessive the requirement of the hens. The methionine intake of S6 group was 161. 97% above the requirement, and it could be excessive to the birds.

Proceedings International Seminar AINI, Punvokerto /8-/9 July 2009 236

ISBN 978-979-25-9572- 7

Table 6. Feed conversion ratio of layer with and without methionine addition*

Treatments Age (Weeks) --=-~--~----------------------~--------------~----------

21 22 23 24

SO

SI

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

14 .5 1±17.3 1

32.93±60.44

S.70±2.81

S.60± 1.66 6.56±2.92

7.13±S.63

14 .51±17.31

8.87±9.36

5 .3 ±2 .74

3.44±0.90

3.38±0.36

3.S4±1.46

3.48±0.56

8.87±9.36

5.16±3.02

4.67± 1.74

4.15±1.28

3.84±0.6S

3.79±1.17

4.IS±0.93

5.16±3.02

2.91 ± 0.50

2.69±0.54

2.S4±0.33 2.44± 0.24

2.47±0.24

2.79± 0.33

2.91± 0.50

Table 7. Eggs components weight in laying hens offered diets with and without methionine addition*

Treatments Parameters Weight (g) Yolk we ight (%) Albumin weight Eggshell weight

(%) (%) SO 51.81 22.56 63.67 10.87

S I 51.84 21.97 64.52 11.29

S2 51.90 22 .00 64.47 11.43

S3 51.96 22.38 64.37 11.01

S4 52.19 22.44 64.52 10.84

S5 51.92 22.67 64. 19 10.93

S6 52.09 22.53 63.79 11.08

Table 8. Eggs yolk and eggshell characteristic in laying hens offered diets with and without methionine addition*

Treatments Yolk height (mm)

SO 9.93 SI 9.58 S2 9.25 S3 9.48 S4 8.87 S5 9.25 S6 9.50

CONCLUSION Supplementation of 0.1 % methionine in

the com-soy-palm kemel based diets wich was equal with 0 .38% of the total dietary methionine, or 0.05% in the drinking water with the same formula of the diet resulted in the best perfol111ances of young laying hens in terms of hen-day egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, albumin weight , and shell weight. It is recomended that methionine should be added to corn-soy-palm kemel based poultry diets as much as either 0.1 % in diet or 0.05% in the drinking \vate r.

Parameters Yolk Score Eggshell thickness (mm)

9.50 9.80 9.50 9.70 9.50 9.70 10.20

0.34 0 .36 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.37 0 .36

REFERENCES

AI-Saffar, A. A. and S. P. Rose. 2002. The response of of laying hens to dietary amino acids. World Poult. Sci. 58 : 209-234.

Bell, D.D. and Weaver, W.D. 2002. Commercial chicken meat and egg production. 5th ed. Nework, Springer.

Jachja, 1., N. Ramli, M. Ridla, Sumiati and T. T oharmat. 2007. The effecti veness of DL-Methionine suplementation in diet on performance of starter and finisher

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broilers. Proceeding of Association of Nutrition and Feed Scientiest Seminar Gadjah Mada University, July 26_27 1h

2007. Leeson, S. , and J.D. Summers,. 2005.

Commercial pOlilfly l1utritiOI1. Y" Ed. University Book. Guelph, Ontario,Canada.

National Research Council. 1994. Nutlient Requirements of Poultry. 91h Revised Edition. National Academy Press. Washington D. C. USA.

Pesti , G.M. , R. 1. Bakalli , J. P. Driver, A. Atencio , and E.H. Foster. 2005. Poultry Nutrition and Feeding.Trafford Publishing. Canada.

Steel , R. G D. dan 1. H. Torrie. 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik. Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. TeIjemahan: M. Syah. P.T. Gramedia, Jakarta .

Proceedings international Seminar AINI, PUfWokerto 18-19 July 2009 238