isikawaprefectural university hiroaki arakawa ... · arctic lamprey. my study organism is arctic...

$: IsikawaPrefectural University Hiroaki Arakawa ... · Arctic Lamprey. My study organism is Arctic Lamprey. It distributes from Alaska to Japan\爀屲Japan is located at the southern$
Instream thermal dynamics within larval lamprey habitat from Japan andEastern Washington, USA, and implications for future climate change

Isikawa Prefectural University Hiroaki Arakawa

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

Today I would like to introduce our research about two lampreys species collaborating between Japan and United state of America.

Arctic Lamprey

Presenter

Presentation Notes

My study organism is Arctic Lamprey. It distributes from Alaska to Japan Japan is located at the southern limitation of Arctic Lamprey distribution. So future climate warming and warmer river temperature in the summer can have a influence on the survival of Larval Lamprey in these distribution margin. However, there is no information about the relationship between distribution of larval Arctic Lamprey and river water temperature.

Research Outline for Arctic Lamprey

1. Upper thermal tolerance

2. River temperatureacross Japan in August

3. Micro-habitat for larval Arctic Lamprey & 2 other lampreys in the summer

What’s ℃?

In southern limit of distribution

r-------------------------~ I I I I I I I I I I I I

•--------------------------~

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Research has 3 step. Fisrst step is to estimate the upper thermal tolerance of larval Arctic from rearing experiments. Second step is compare the maximum and average river temperature across Japan in the summe Last step is in the southern limit of distribution, we surveyed about Micro-habitat for laval Arctic Lamprey and 2 other land rocked lampreys in the summer.

Estimating thermal tolerance of larval Arctic Lamprey

Incipient Lethal Temperature (ILT) method

1518212427303336

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Tem

pera

ture

(℃)

Day

• Test temp (℃) = 18, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33• 1 week• 30 larvae×3 rep (mean TL=27mm )

• Estimated ILT (℃) as upper thermal tolerance

Presenter

Presentation Notes

First we estimated thermal tolerance of larval Arctic Lamprey by Incipient Lethal temperature ILT method using Young of year. Larval length were around 30mm. Test temperature were 18 to 33 degree Experimental period was 1 week 30 larvae 3 repetition were suddenly exposed to each test temperatures from the adjusting temperature and we monitored the survival rates. Finally we estimated ILT as upper thermal tolerance

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

26 28 30 32 34 36

LD50

(hou

r)Temperature (℃)

0

20

40

60

80

100

18 21 24 27 28 29 30 33

Surv

ival

rat

e (%

)

Temperature (℃）

Result ILT experiment

Upper incipient Lethal Temperature was estimated at 29.3℃

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 3.8𝐿𝐿 ∗ 1𝐿9𝑒𝑒−0.5787∗𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 (𝑅𝑅2= 𝐿.66)

1 week

Survival rates

Presenter

Presentation Notes

From the ILT experiment, there were no difference for survival rates between from 18 to 28 degrees. But survival rates decreased over 29, all larvae died in 33 From the relathinship between Test temperature and LD50 which is time to 50% death, Upper thermal tolerance incipient lethal temperature was estimated at 29.3 degrees.

1520

2530

35°C

Max

Daily river temperature across Japan

Distribution Arctic Lamprey

Chi.

Mar.Kuz.

Mac.

Oya.

Aka.

Yon.

Tok.

Chi. Mar. Kuz. Mac. Oya. Aka Yon. Tok.

1520

2530

35°C

Average

AugustILT=29.3℃

ILT=29.3℃

(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport 2010 or 2011)

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

We checked the monitoring data about daily river temperature in August across Japanese 8 river. These are Maximum and average river temperature monitored in 2010 or 2011 and showed the Incipient lethal temperature. Interestingly, in south area where Arctic Lamprey does not distribute, Maximum temperature was over 29.3 degree And average temperature were also close to 29.3 degree. River temperature in Southern limitation of distribution for Arctic Lamprey lamprey were cooler than these two river however were closet to thermal toletrannce

Machino River 54 type1 habitats

Larvae・species ・TL & wet mass・Density

Habitat factors・velocity ・depth ・substrate depth・oxidation reduction potential ・DO・water temp. difference in the daytime

3 cm

Micro-habitat for larva in the summer

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Next study is focusing on micro habitat for larva distributed in southern limitation in the summer. We selected 54 type 1 habitat where fine sediment accumulate in manchino river we captured larvae using elecro-fishing and indentified species and measured TL and wet mass And also we measured 6environmental variable as habitat factors

Freq

uenc

y

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20

02

46

8

Freq

uenc

y

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20

02

46

8

total length (cm)

Freq

uenc

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20

02

46

8

YOY 1 year 2 years 3 years

Arctic Lamprey (n=47)

Far Eastern Brook Lamprey S form. (n=28)

Far Eastern Brook Lamprey N form. (n=54)

Result 3 species of TL histogram & Spatial distribution

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In this river we could capture 3 Lamprey species including Arctic Lamprey and two Cryptic Far eastern Brook Lamprey. This is the spatial distribution of 3 species. Arctic Lamprey in Lower reach, Far Eastern Brook Lamprey S form in the middle reach , n form only in Upper area

Result Thermal range in the habitats

Arctic LampreyS form N form

1517

1921

2325

2729

3133

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Occurrence (%)

I

I~

Far Eastern Brook Lamprey N form.

• Cooler sediment than river water(t-v.=-5.40, p<0.001)

• Faster current (t-v.=2.49, p<0.05)

• Deeper depth (t-v.=2.44, p<0.05)

Habitat factor selected by GLM

***

**

Natural riverbank in the uppermost stream

Occurrence (%)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

For Far Eastern Brook Lamprey N form. Cooler sediment than river water, faster current and Deeper depth were selected as habitat factor by GLM This lamprey distributed only in the uppermost stream which have natural river bank along the Mountainous region. These region can provide spring water and cooler sediment in the summer for habitat.

Far Eastern Brook Lamprey S form.


• Higher oxidation reduction potential (ORP)(t-v.=-5.40, p<0.01)

**

Aerobic Anaerobic

Aerobic sediment is suitable habitat

Anaerobic Decomposition

Organic matterLow O2High O2Organic matter

Aerobic Decomposition

High ORP Low ORPCO2,H2O H2S, CH4

Warm temp

Occurrence (%)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

For Far Eastern Brook Lamprey S form. Higer oxidation reduction potential ORP was selected as habitat High ORP indicates the anerobic condition or high oxygen in thesediment.

Arctic Lamprey

• No significant factor was found


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

1 - 7 8 - 14 15<

Dens

ity o

f lar

va

Substrate depth (cm)

More abundance in deeper sediment

Occurrence (%)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

For Arctic Lamprey. Habitat factors was not selected by GLM However in deeper sediment, we could find more abundance of Arctic Lamprey

Difference between river temp. & substrate temp.

-20

-16

-12

-8

-4

0

-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2

Subs

trat

e de

pth（

cm）

Thermal difference （℃）

• • • •

• •

•

• •

•

• • •

•

... ..

•

Presenter

Presentation Notes

And this result showed the Difference between river temperature & substrate temperature Yaxis is substrates depth and more negative Xaxis indicates cooler sediment than river temperature We can find a tendency which sediment temperature became cooler in deeper sediment.

Sediment is a refuge for larval lamprey

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

Temperature ( ℃)

River

Substrate(3 cm)

Substrate(bottom)

ILT=29.3℃

-

..

- 0 f---- -j

- f----------- --j

I I I I I I I I I I

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In our study sits, river temperature was close to Incipient lethal temperature. However cooler sediment can be refuge for lamprey from critical warm temperature.

Conclusion

1. Upper thermal tolerance

2. River temperatureacross Japan in August

3. Micro-habitat for larval Arctic Lamprey & 2 other lampreys in the summer

29.3 ℃No distribution

Cooler sediment(spring water, refuge)

Max Average

ORP

Southern limitation of distribution

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Upper themal tolerance of larval Arctic Lamprey was estimated at 29.3℃ as the incipient lethal temperature. Arctic Lamprey does not distribute in the southern river where maximum and average river temperature in August were over and close to 29.3℃ . Temperatures in the sediment are cooler than river temperature in the summer. In Southern limitation of distribution, we can found some relationship between larval habitat of three lamprey species and water temperature Cooler sediment can be a refuge for escaping from critical warm river temperature So It needs to monitor thermal dynamics of the surface and sediment temperature to assess the impact of climate warming. Ralph share that part. Thank you

2 Lamprey Stories

Arctic Lamprey(Lethenteron camtschaticum)

• Anadromous species• Share the ocean as well as rivers in Alaska & Japan• Important ecologically & culturally

Pacific Lamprey(Entosphenus tridentatus)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The Two lamprey species are the Arctic Lamprey and the Pacific Lamprey. Both species are anadromous migrating between river and sea. And also they are important ecologically and culturally .

River Thermal Dynamics – Annual Cycle

25

20

15

10

5

0

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

-

Ahtanum 1Creek (river km 1.2)

Ahtanum Creek (river km 1.2) Daily Fluctuation

gggggggggggggggggggggggg O..-N('<')VIOCOl'--COO>O..-N('<')VIOWl'--COO>O..-N('<')

..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- N N N N

6/22 6/29 7/6 7/13 7/20 7/27 8/3 8/10 8/17 8/24 8/31 9/7 9/114 9/211 9/28

River Thermal Dynamics – Daily Cycle

Daily Max

Daily Min

Mean

River Thermal D1ynamics - Daily Cycle

21

20

19

18

17

16

15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.. Ci") T""" N

Ahtanum Creek (river km 1.2) Average Summer Daily Fluctuation

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ LO (0 ~ cci m . .

0 T""" N ("') -.::t" LO (0 t-- co T""" T""" T""" T""" T""" T""" T""" T""" T"""

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 T""" N ("') T""" N N N N

River/Stream Thermal DynamicsChronic Upper Lethal Temperature• Long term exposure• Gradual acclimation

Pacific Lamprey = 27.7-28.5˚C(Uh et al. 2017 – OR AFS Poster)

Pacific Lamprey = 27-30˚C(Uh et al. 2017 – OR AFS Poster)

Acute Upper Lethal Temperature• Short term exposure• High rate of change• Thermal Shock (18 F / 10 C)

iver/Stream T ermal Dynam·cs Ahtanum Creek (river km 1.2)

25

20

15

10

5

0 6/22 6/29 7/6 7/13 7/20 7/27 8/3 8/10 8/17 8/24 8/31 9/7 9/14 9/21 9/28

Ahtanum Creek (river km 1.2) Daily Fluctuation ••••••••••••••••••••

21

20

19

18

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16

15

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Acclimated Chronic Exposure Direct Acute Exposure Sea lamprey 31 C (CULT) 27 Behavioral Changes – attempts to burrow, time to borrow Critical Thermal Maximum – Upper Incipient Lethal Temperature (UILT)

Temperature Preference in Nature??U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Daniel Isaak)

12 14 17 19 22 24 26 29 Max Temperature

Max Temp ≈ ↑20%

17 28

2618

Temperature Preference ·n Nature??

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0.40

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Thermal niche of Pacific lamprey in the model - . ... • .. -::,

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Exploration of Sediment Thermal Dynamics(2014-2018)

Sediment Temp Lower

Sediment Temp Higher-0 u --nJ ·-...., C Cb .. Cb

~ C Cb .. ::Ii ...., nJ .. Cb ~

E Cb I-

Exploration of Sediment Thermal Dynamics (2014-20,18)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

-8.0

-10.0

Habitat Survey Date vs. Temp Differential 1(2017)

7/ 14

• •

' . . , ..... -•.:.:.· . . . ········· -... ........ .

• • ············r • ......... . . .. t..... .. .• . • ...... -. I • • •

•

• . .... I ...

y = 0 .051x - 2192.5 R2 = 0.2968

7 /24 8/3 8/13 8/23 9/2 9/12 9/22 10/2 10/12

Date

Type II HabitatProbe

Type I Habitat Probe

SurfaceProbe

SurfaceProbe

*Probe buried inside sediment by 10 cm

Simcoe Creek

Type IType II

DifferenceDifference

Fine & CoarseFine & OM

Presenter

Presentation Notes

we selected two type of habitat in the river . Type 1 habitat has rich amount of fine sediment and organic matter . And Type 2 habitat is consisted of courser particle sediment like sand and some gravel. In every type 1 and 2 habitats, we set up two thermal probe above sediment and within the sediment to monitor the temperature since July to end of August. (click) We calculated the difference between them.

Interior Columbia Basin(Yakima Subbasin)

Interior Columbia Basin (Yakima S bbasin)

• --7'~

~ ~. . Google Earth

Lower Yakima Subbasin

10 SitesYakima = 4 SitesToppenish = 3 SitesSimcoe = 1 SiteSatus = 1 SiteAhtanum = 1 Site

ower Yakima S

Ahtanum Cr(river km 1.2)

June 21 – Oct 1 2018

·--Google Earth

Changes in Temp Differential over Time

Summer (June-August) FallSed.Temp

Higher

Sed.Temp

Lower

Changes in Temp D1 ifferential over Time

2

-3

Ahtanum Cr. (1.2) Daily Temp Differential

e Daily Max Diff Daily Min Diff

I I I

6/22 6/29 7 /6 7 / 13 7 /20 7 /27 8/3 8/10 8/17 8/24 8/31 9/7 9/14 9/21 9/28

Date

22

21

20

19

18

17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .-I N rt')

Ahtanum Cr {1.2) Mean Daily

Thermal Dynamics {Summer)

• Plot Summer • Type I Summer

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 '<I' L.I") IJ:> ,-.. co O"l 0 .-I N rt') ;,f L.I") IJ:> ,-.. co

.-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O"l 0 .-I N rt') .-I N N N N

Presenter

Presentation Notes

20-40%

22

21

20

19

18

17 0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 .-I N ('()

Ahtanum Cr {1.2) Mean Daily

Thermal Dynamics {Summer)

• Plot Summer • Type I Summer

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ L.I") I.O ,-.. co O"l 0 .-I N ('() .,f L.I") I.O ,-.. co

.-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O"l 0 .-I N ('() .-I N N N N

Presenter

Presentation Notes

2-3 hour delay

Plot vs. Type I Daily Max

Type II HabitatType I Habitat

Plot vs Type Daly Max

1

0

t SAT SIM -1 12.9 9.1

-2

-3

~4

-5

-6

-7

-8

Daily Max Temp Differential

Plot vs. Type I Daily Min

Type II HabitatType I Habitat2

1

P ot vs. Type I Daily

Daily Min Temp Diff

n

I I

0 I - - - ~~- 1 - • - I AHT SAT SIM TOP T p TOP YAK YAK YAK ~ K YAK A~ T SAT SIM

-1 1.2 12.9 9.1 7.3 2 4 44.6 12.8 13.7 76.1112.0171.1 1.2 12.9 9.1

-2

-3

-4

-5

'

Toppenish Cr(river km 24.4)

June 28 – Oct 11 2018

- -'•

Google Earth

Ground Water Seepage?

-0

~ 25 -m 24 ·-~ 23 QJ 21,.,. 22 QJ ~ 21 ·-c 20

loppenish 24.4 Mean Daily

Therma l Dynamics (Summer)

e Plot e Type I

Time of Day

Causes for Temp Differential???

• Sediment Size• Water Depth• Flow Rate• Distance to Thalweg or Bank• Overhead Cover• Aquatic Veg. Cover• Vegetation Type• Habitat Type (e.g. inside meander, channel edge)

Ground Water / Subsurface Flow Regime

Causes for Temp Differential???

Relationship between larval abundance & thermal refugia? (2018 Data)

TOP 24.4 TOP

7.3

YAK 112.0

YAK 76.1

YAK 13.7

YAK 12.8

>26˚C

Relationship b,etween larval abundance & thermal refugia? (2018 Data)

16

114

2

0 ~ - -----~---------'--------'-' ----r---~------J-~,_____, -8 -6 -5 -4 -3 1

Daily Max Temperature Differential (C0

)

The Most Resilient Species on Earth(Survived 4-5 Mass Extinction Events)

Ice AgesClimate / Ocean Changes

Volcanic Eruptions

MeteoritesPiece of Cake!!!

The o Res1I e t ec e on a S rv·ved 4-5 as Ex i ct o ve t )

~100 Years of Human Development

Interaction between “Climate Change” & “Passage Barriers” / “Habitat”

#1

#2

I teractio between "Clima e Change' & "Passage Ba rie s" / "H b·tat"

Critical Areas for Pacific Lamprey

Highest Risk?

~--------------------------- ----------------------------------Ratio of Current Area of Occupancy t · ·c Distribution

'a:P"ll!i- ~ ;.,

0 W1GO 200 300 - c:::::::Jl--==:::i,Kilometers

Legend

:1/, lncomp1ele al 4th HUC

Ratio Ra11king

- Not Ran ed .z .. 01%

- A= 5%

- B =10%

C= 25%

E= 50%

- F = 75%

- H= 100%

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This map shows the Pacific Lamprey distribution. And Yakima river and subbasion is the one tributary of the Columbia river in Washington State. It is also located in the southern area of its distribution .

Thanks to all of our partners!Seiji Yanai (Ishikawa Prefectural University)

Tyler Beals & Bob Rose & Lamprey Crew (Yakama Nation Fisheries)

Alexander Alexiades (Heritage University)

Any questions?

Hiroaki Arakawa [email protected]

Ralph [email protected]

il.d 6jii ~ rz:~~ - Ishikawa Prefeciural I niversitv

~~Heritage University

B * ~1;flf tfK .W~ Japan Sociery for the Promotion of Science

isikawaprefectural university hiroaki arakawa ... · arctic lamprey. my study organism is arctic...

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