Islam 101 1st Hour World History

Mecca

Ka’ba

Mount Of Mercy

Ramadan Miranda Connor, Zoe Bonilla, Maddie

Cohen

What is it?

O 40 days of fasting from

liquids, foods, and sexual

activity

O Daily from dawn until

sunset

O Refrain from negative

attitudes and complaining

O Place self in the mindset of

those who suffer from want

O Resist materialism

Why is it important? O When Arab tribes observed

a truce from all hostilities

O When scripture was

revealed

O “Night of Power”- God’s

initial revelation to

Muhammad

O Several important

birthdays, battles, and

deaths

How does it compare?

O Similar to Lent

O 40 days

O Fasting, repentance

O Similar to Yom Kippur

O Repentance, reflection

O Fasting

Dietary Customs and Rituals of Muslims

O Muslims do not eat intoxicating beverages, pork, blood, foods prepared or cooked with pork fat (donuts, fried bread, etc.) and animals that eat mostly carrion, or scavengers.

O Muslims don’t require separation of meat and dairy.

O Meat of certain animals is allowed if they are butchered properly (draining as much blood as possible because it’s a symbol of the life force)

Why Muslims follow these dietary customs

O These customs and dietary rituals are performed because of the teachings of Muhommad.

O Muslims strive to follow Muhommad’s example and be like him in every way.

O The Koran has also deeply influenced the dietary customs and rituals of muslims.

How these dietary customs are like those of other religions

O The Muslim dietary customs and

rituals are very similar to Jewish

traditions of keeping kosher.

O Unlike Orthodox Jews, Muslims

can eat dairy and meat together.

O Like many religions (Judaism,

Christianity, etc), Muslims

practice fasting during holy days

of months.

Jihad

By: Graham Cuje, Ethan Kang,

and Stefan Stoyanov

What is a Jihad?

• Dictionary.com defines a jihad as: a holy

war undertaken as a sacred duty by

Muslims, or as any vigorous, emotional

crusade for an idea or principle

Common Misconceptions of Jihad

• A common misconception of the term

“jihad” is that all Muslims are terrorists and

they are fighting a war of terror. In

actuality, not all Muslims are. Muslims

have been fighting an emotional crusade

for the past 2000 years.

The True Nature of Jihad

• Jihad can include offensive military or a

non-violent one through writing or

speaking.

• In recent times, scholars that a jihad can

only be offensive if Muslims are being

persecuted religiously.

• The prophet Muhammad said that the

greatest jihad was to speak a word if truth

in the ear of a tyrant.

The

Ka’ba

Mecca,

Saudi

Arabia By: Ana, Luci and Carly R.

What is the Ka’ba?

• Cube shaped building in the center of Mecca

• Most sacred place in all of Islam

• Allah designed it before he designed earth

• Abraham and Ishmael rebuilt it during their life

time

• 43 feet tall

• The direction of worship for all Muslims

Muslims Centered Around the

Ka’ba

• Allah told Muhammad that followers

have to pray five times daily facing the

quickest route to him

• Therefore, followers everywhere must

face the Ka'ba when they pray

• One of the Five Pillars is to visit Mecca

and go to the Ka'ba

Sunni and Shi'i Muslims

By Ryan Kosko, Aaron Marfizo, and

Rafee Hagop

Sunni Muslims

- 85 to 95 percent of muslims are Sunni - They have more power - The Caliph is the successor of Muhammad

- Havn't had a caliph since the last Soloman sultan was killed

Shi'i Muslims

- Imam is the leader and a direct decendent to Muhammad

- Shi'ites are most of Iraq's people

- Shi'i branched off after a fight over proper ruler. There are now two branches of Shi'i. The people whos leader died as the seventh Iman and the people who think the leader died as the twelth Iman.

Mecca

Islam Today

- The Sunni ans Shi'ites don't agree with each other - In the Middle East the division leads to violence

Are Muslim women required to veil their faces?

Bryn Lasley

Carly Weiner

Rachel Weiner

• No, The Koran does not explicitly require that women cover their faces. It calls for modest dress, but some interpret text very literally and some loosely follow the text.

• The text is, (Koran 24:31) --- “They should draw their veils over their bosoms.”

• In some cultures, Muslim women wear various forms of facial coverings,

– Hijab (pronounced hiJAAB, veil or covering)

• The majority of women who wear some form of special clothing wear the hijab.

• This is for more lose interpretation of the Koran.

• The hijab is a head scarf that covers down to the mid- forehead and all hair.

Hijab

• In some cultures, Muslim women wear various forms of facial coverings,

– Jilbab (pronounced jilBAAB, veil or covering)

• The Jilbab is worn by those who strictly follow the Koran.

• This is a flowing gown and extends down to the ankles.

Jilbab

• Women choose them selves what they wear and how the interpret the Koran.

• Muslim women often report that they opt for fuller covering for two reasons:

– They seek an explicit symbolic connection with Islamic practice.

– They choose to make a statement of personal freedom from the general exploitation of women that they often experience in society at large.

Why is Mecca a holy city for Muslims?

By: Cj, Cameron and Torben.

Mohammad: The Muslim prophet

• Mohammad was born in Mecca, before the start of Islam

• Mohammad and his follows marched into Mecca, and spread Islam through the city.

• Mohammad declared Mecca to be the holiest city of Islam, and included a pilgrimage to it in the 5 pillars of Islam.

• Declared that no non-muslims be let in, to keep Islamic beliefs to not be overtaken.

The Great Mosque

• Also known as Masjid al-Haram in Arabic

• Known as the holiest spot in all of Islamic beliefs, all Islamic people face this structure when they prey.

• Believed to be originally built by God, as an ordained place of worship

• At very center holds the Black Stone, and can hold up to 4 million Islamic pilgrims.

The Kaaba and The Black Stone

• The Kaaba is the black cube, centered in the Great Mosque, covered in black and gold silk, and made primarily of Granite.

• The Black Stone is remnants of a structure from the times of Adam and Eve

• Muslims try to touch the stone seven times on their journey around the Kaaba, often kissing it, or shorter people point to it.

More Than Just

“Holy War”

“Jihad” Me At Hello

• The West has a very narrow view of “Jihad”

$&*%!

So the West, (and the associated religions therefore)

is/are more moral?

Not Really..

More Than Just “Holy War”

• What is Jihad?

Religious Duty

Referred to by some as the 6th Pillar of Islam

• Literal Translation = Struggle

A struggle for any cause, violent, or not, religious or secular

Are We Entirely Wrong?

• No…and yes

A “Holy War” world be considered a form of Jihad

More than Holy War!

Then Why The Disassociation?

What its All About Bernard Lewis'

interpretation on Jihad

• Jihad against the soul

• Jihad against Shaytan (Satan)

• Jihad against the disbelievers and hypocrites

• Jihad against heretics, liars, and evil folk

From: Fiqh Made Easy: A Basic Textbook of Islamic Law

Sunni view of Jihad

• Jihad of the heart

• Jihad by the tongue

• Jihad by the hand

• Jihad by the sword

So What Is Jihad?

• Although the Western view of Jihad being just “holy war” is true, this is just one aspect of Jihad. In these modern times, Jihad is any struggle for a cause

• We “commit” Jihad everyday