IslamIslam

The Religion of MuslimsThe Religion of Muslims

Basic DefinitionBasic Definition

Religion based on the messages Religion based on the messages received by Muhammadreceived by Muhammad

Muhammad: man born around Muhammad: man born around 570 CE in Mecca, believed by 570 CE in Mecca, believed by Muslims to be a prophetMuslims to be a prophet

True or False?True or False?

1.1. Islam is a polytheistic faith.Islam is a polytheistic faith.

2.2. Followers of Islam are called Arabics.Followers of Islam are called Arabics.

3.3. A building for Muslim prayer is called A building for Muslim prayer is called a mosque.a mosque.

4.4. Muslims are not allowed to drink Muslims are not allowed to drink alcohol.alcohol.

5.5. Muslim women are not allowed to Muslim women are not allowed to own property.own property.

Muslim or not?Muslim or not?

1. Shaq, basketball 1. Shaq, basketball playerplayer

Muslim or not?Muslim or not?

2. Dave Chapelle, 2. Dave Chapelle, comediancomedian

Muslim or not?Muslim or not?

3. Akon, musician3. Akon, musician

Muslim or not?Muslim or not?

4. Janet Jackson4. Janet Jackson

Muslim or not?Muslim or not?

5. Everlast, 5. Everlast, musicianmusician

Muslim or not?Muslim or not?

6. Mike Tyson, 6. Mike Tyson, boxerboxer

Two Ways of LifeTwo Ways of Life

NomadsNomads– TribesTribes– CaravansCaravans– TentsTents

Sedentary FolksSedentary Folks– FarmersFarmers– MerchantsMerchants– SettledSettled

Where did they meet?Where did they meet?

BazaarsBazaars Nomads traded Nomads traded

animal products and animal products and desert herbs for desert herbs for goods like cooking goods like cooking supplies & clothingsupplies & clothing

Merchants sold Merchants sold spices, gold, leather, spices, gold, leather, crops, and other crops, and other goodsgoods

Star of the CaravanStar of the Caravan

MuhammadMuhammad

Muhammad’s LifeMuhammad’s Life

Born in 570 CE in MeccaBorn in 570 CE in Mecca Caravan driver until age 30Caravan driver until age 30 Muslims believe he was a prophetMuslims believe he was a prophet Angel appeared to MuhammadAngel appeared to Muhammad Teachings collected in Qur’anTeachings collected in Qur’an Made hegira from Mecca to MedinaMade hegira from Mecca to Medina Died at age 62Died at age 62

Arabia during his timeArabia during his time

Biblical LineageBiblical Lineage

According to Muslims, According to Muslims, Muhammad is related to Muhammad is related to Adam, Noah, and Adam, Noah, and AbrahamAbraham

Thus, Jesus would be Thus, Jesus would be Muhammad’s ancestorMuhammad’s ancestor

What did he teach?What did he teach?

One god, “Allah”One god, “Allah” Rich and poor should be equalRich and poor should be equal World has definite beginning and World has definite beginning and

will end somedaywill end someday Paradise is a beautiful gardenParadise is a beautiful garden Allah will judge all people in the endAllah will judge all people in the end Guidelines for behavior & worshipGuidelines for behavior & worship

The Qur’anThe Qur’an

Qur’an: Sacred BookQur’an: Sacred Book

There is only one There is only one God.God.

God will judge all God will judge all people.people.

The good will live in The good will live in paradise.paradise.

The bad will suffer.The bad will suffer.

Rules for WorshipRules for Worship Don’t eat pork or drink alcohol.Don’t eat pork or drink alcohol. Do ritual washing before prayer.Do ritual washing before prayer. 5 Pillars of Islam5 Pillars of Islam

Rules for SocietyRules for Society

Slaves should be freed.Slaves should be freed. Women have the right to Women have the right to

– own propertyown property– earn moneyearn money– receive an educationreceive an education

Why do Muslim women Why do Muslim women wear the veil (wear the veil (hijabhijab)?)? Sumayya Syed, 16, says that what Sumayya Syed, 16, says that what

parents or men want have nothing to do parents or men want have nothing to do with it…with it…

She says it is a form of liberation She says it is a form of liberation (freedom).(freedom).

When a woman is covered, men cannot When a woman is covered, men cannot judge her by her appearance but are judge her by her appearance but are forced to evaluate her by her forced to evaluate her by her personality, character, and moralspersonality, character, and morals. .

"I tell them that the hijab is not a "I tell them that the hijab is not a responsibility, it's a right given to me by responsibility, it's a right given to me by my Creator who knows us best. It's a my Creator who knows us best. It's a benefit to me, so why not? It's benefit to me, so why not? It's something every woman should strive to something every woman should strive to get and should want."get and should want."

Jihad: Holy struggleJihad: Holy struggle

““To make an effort, to struggle”To make an effort, to struggle” Inner struggle people go through Inner struggle people go through

in trying to obey God & behave in trying to obey God & behave according to Islamic waysaccording to Islamic ways

Also, struggle to get people to Also, struggle to get people to convert to Islamconvert to Islam

SunnahSunnah

Way Muhammad Way Muhammad livedlived

Provides a model for Provides a model for the duties & way of the duties & way of life expected of life expected of MuslimsMuslims

Inspired 5 pillars of Inspired 5 pillars of IslamIslam

ShariahShariah

Islamic lawIslamic law Based on interpretations of Based on interpretations of

Qur’an and Sunnah, as well as Qur’an and Sunnah, as well as human reasonhuman reason

Rewards for good behaviorRewards for good behavior Punishments for bad behaviorPunishments for bad behavior

5 Pillars of Islam5 Pillars of Islam

5 acts of worship required of all 5 acts of worship required of all MuslimsMuslims– Statement of faithStatement of faith– Prayer 5x a dayPrayer 5x a day– AlmsgivingAlmsgiving– FastingFasting– HajjHajj

11stst Pillar Pillar

Allah is the one true GodAllah is the one true God Muhammad is Allah’s prophetMuhammad is Allah’s prophet

– ““There is no god but God, and There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.”Muhammad is his prophet.”

22ndnd Pillar Pillar Prayer 5 times Prayer 5 times

a daya day– SunriseSunrise– MiddayMidday– Late afternoonLate afternoon– Right after Right after

sunsetsunset– Before bedBefore bed

33rdrd Pillar Pillar

Yearly donation to charityYearly donation to charity Muslims pay part of salary to Muslims pay part of salary to

religious officialreligious official Money used to help poor, build Money used to help poor, build

mosques, or pay debtsmosques, or pay debts

44thth Pillar Pillar

Fasting: going without food or Fasting: going without food or drinkdrink

Daily fasting during holy month of Daily fasting during holy month of Ramadan, when Allah began Ramadan, when Allah began communicating with Muhammadcommunicating with Muhammad– No eating when sun is upNo eating when sun is up

Reminds Muslims of all those who Reminds Muslims of all those who go hungry/thirsty in the worldgo hungry/thirsty in the world

55thth Pillar Pillar

Hajj: pilgrimage to MeccaHajj: pilgrimage to Mecca All Muslims must make their hajj All Muslims must make their hajj

once during lifetimeonce during lifetime Kaaba: Islam’s most sacred placeKaaba: Islam’s most sacred place

KaabaKaaba

KaabaKaaba

Islamic EmpiresIslamic Empires

Controlled much of Europe, Asia, Controlled much of Europe, Asia, and Africaand Africa

1400s to 1800s1400s to 1800s OttomansOttomans SafavidsSafavids MughalsMughals

OttomansOttomans Muslim Turkish warriorsMuslim Turkish warriors Ruled land from Eastern Europe Ruled land from Eastern Europe

to North Africa and Arabiato North Africa and Arabia Key to power: super armyKey to power: super army Janissaries: slave soldiers who Janissaries: slave soldiers who

converted to Islam and became converted to Islam and became fiercefierce

Gunpowder weaponsGunpowder weapons Mehmed II: built up IstanbulMehmed II: built up Istanbul Suleyman I: pushed into EuropeSuleyman I: pushed into Europe

SafavidsSafavids Persian MuslimsPersian Muslims Shia (Safavids): Muslims who Shia (Safavids): Muslims who

thought only Muhammad’s thought only Muhammad’s descendents should become descendents should become caliphscaliphs

Sunnis (Ottomans): believed Sunnis (Ottomans): believed caliphs didn’t have to be related caliphs didn’t have to be related to Muhammadto Muhammad

Esma’il: spread ShiismEsma’il: spread Shiism ‘‘Abba: strengthened militaryAbba: strengthened military

MughalsMughals Turkish Muslims from Central AsiaTurkish Muslims from Central Asia Babur: established empireBabur: established empire Akbar: religious toleranceAkbar: religious tolerance Built beautiful structures like Taj Built beautiful structures like Taj

Mahal in IndiaMahal in India Hindus and Muslims could Hindus and Muslims could

peacefully coexist in Indiapeacefully coexist in India

Taj Mahal, by AkbarTaj Mahal, by Akbar

Islamic ContributionsIslamic Contributions

ArtArt ScienceScience MathMath LiteratureLiterature

ArtArt

CalligraphyCalligraphy

Muslim and Christian Muslim and Christian Images of the CreatorImages of the Creator

ArchitectureArchitecture

Poetry influenced by Poetry influenced by SufismSufism

Sufi poets often wrote about their Sufi poets often wrote about their loyalty to God:loyalty to God:

The mighty Mahmud, the victorious Lord,The mighty Mahmud, the victorious Lord,That all the misbelieving and black HordeThat all the misbelieving and black Horde

     Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the      Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the SoulSoul

Scatters and slays Scatters and slays

with his enchanted Sword.with his enchanted Sword.

--Omar KhayyamOmar Khayyam

Famous StoriesFamous Stories

AstronomyAstronomy

Muslims greatly Muslims greatly improved Greek improved Greek astrolabe to figure out astrolabe to figure out directions, location, & directions, location, & time of daytime of day

Observatories to study Observatories to study sun, moon, starssun, moon, stars

MathMath

Combined Indian & Greek ideas to Combined Indian & Greek ideas to learn more about mathlearn more about math

““Arabic numerals” are what we Arabic numerals” are what we use todayuse today– 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

GeographyGeography

Using knowledge of stars, Using knowledge of stars, explorers traveled throughout explorers traveled throughout worldworld

Ibn Battuta wrote about his Ibn Battuta wrote about his travels to Africa, India, China, travels to Africa, India, China, Spain in 1320sSpain in 1320s

Accurate maps were madeAccurate maps were made

MedicineMedicine

Combined Greek & Indian Combined Greek & Indian knowledge with own discoveriesknowledge with own discoveries

First pharmacy school to teach First pharmacy school to teach how to make medicinehow to make medicine

Medical encyclopedia writtenMedical encyclopedia written Treatment for smallpoxTreatment for smallpox

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Sufism: Sufism: movement that movement that focuses on focuses on spiritual issuesspiritual issues

Sufis believe they Sufis believe they can find God’s can find God’s love by having a love by having a personal personal relationship with relationship with himhim

Whirling DervishesWhirling Dervishes

Thank you, Islam!Thank you, Islam!

Write a thank-you note to Write a thank-you note to Muslims for their contributions toMuslims for their contributions to– ArtArt– ScienceScience– MathMath– LiteratureLiterature

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