““Islam is Politics”Islam is Politics”

-Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran -Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran 19791979

EGYPTEGYPT

Gamal Abdel Gamal Abdel Nasser Nasser

Egypt still in Egypt still in control of control of Suez Canal Suez Canal

IranIran

Oil is a major resource-British run company Oil is a major resource-British run company controlled Iran’s oilcontrolled Iran’s oil

1951 Iranian Parliament named Mohammad 1951 Iranian Parliament named Mohammad Mosaddeq prime minister and nationalized the Mosaddeq prime minister and nationalized the Iranian Oil IndustryIranian Oil Industry

Iran was ruled by a Iran was ruled by a shahshah or king-Mosaddeq or king-Mosaddeq worked to reduce power of monarchy worked to reduce power of monarchy

Mosaddeq was overthrownMosaddeq was overthrown and Shah returned to and Shah returned to powerpower

The shah also made The shah also made social reformssocial reforms like giving like giving rights to women and he tried to rights to women and he tried to secularizesecularize the the govt.govt.

Shah Pahlavi

Iranian Revolution, Iranian Revolution, 19791979

Many Muslims did not like the Shah Many Muslims did not like the Shah (leader) of Iran because of his (leader) of Iran because of his connections to the Westconnections to the West and his and his new new reformsreforms

Majority of Iranians were poor Majority of Iranians were poor Fundamentalists viewed Fundamentalists viewed

shah as a traitor to Islamshah as a traitor to IslamRiots begin

Shah with US Pres. Carter

Islamic FundamentalismIslamic Fundamentalism

Movement to reorder government Movement to reorder government and society according to Islamic lawsand society according to Islamic laws

Islamists believe that Muslim Islamists believe that Muslim countries have countries have strayed from the path strayed from the path of true Islamof true Islam by following Western by following Western models of political and economic models of political and economic development development

Violence Violence

Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini

In 1979, In 1979, Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini, , a Shi’ite Muslim, led a a Shi’ite Muslim, led a Revolution to overthrow the Revolution to overthrow the ShahShah

Set up a Set up a theocracytheocracy: :

govt. run bygovt. run by

religious leadersreligious leaders

American Hostage CrisisAmerican Hostage Crisis

During the Revolution, Radical During the Revolution, Radical Muslim Students seized the U.S Muslim Students seized the U.S Embassy and held Embassy and held 66 Americans 66 Americans hostage for 444 dayshostage for 444 days..

The hostage crisis severely damaged The hostage crisis severely damaged the US/Iran relationshipthe US/Iran relationship

Hostages

Iran: Islamic StateIran: Islamic State

Khomeini set up an Khomeini set up an Islamic StateIslamic State headed headed by himself as “Supreme Religious Leader”by himself as “Supreme Religious Leader”

Religious leaders controlled the military, Religious leaders controlled the military, made laws, courts, and education.made laws, courts, and education.

Public MoralityPublic Morality was enforced: was enforced: No mingling of opposite sexesNo mingling of opposite sexes Women must veil Women must veil

themselves in publicthemselves in public Alcohol was bannedAlcohol was banned

Islamic Laws in ActionIslamic Laws in Action

Executions

Stoning

Lashing

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

Iraq (Saddam HusseinIraq (Saddam Hussein-dictator)-dictator) attacked attacked IranIran because of border disputes because of border disputes

Hoped to take advantage of Hoped to take advantage of revolutionary chaosrevolutionary chaos 500,000 dead on both sides. 500,000 dead on both sides. Iraq used chemical weapons Iraq used chemical weapons Iran and Iraq Iran and Iraq agreed to a agreed to a cease-fire cease-fire

Iran TodayIran Today

In In Iran todayIran today, many young people are , many young people are demanding more freedoms in Irandemanding more freedoms in Iran ProtestsProtests

FreedomsFreedoms:: Voting RightsVoting Rights Moral RightsMoral Rights Economic RightsEconomic Rights Freedom of EntertainmentFreedom of Entertainment Less OppressionLess Oppression

The Persian Gulf WarThe Persian Gulf War

In 1990 Iraq accused neighboring Kuwait of drilling In 1990 Iraq accused neighboring Kuwait of drilling into an Iraqi oil field and stealing oilinto an Iraqi oil field and stealing oil

Iraq attackedIraq attacked Kuwait Kuwait U.S.-led coalition launched the U.S.-led coalition launched the Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf War- -

attacked the Iraqi forces in Kuwaitattacked the Iraqi forces in Kuwait In weeks, Kuwait was freed.In weeks, Kuwait was freed. After the warAfter the war

the UN continued its economic sanctionsthe UN continued its economic sanctions insisted that Iraq destroy its chemical and insisted that Iraq destroy its chemical and

biological weaponsbiological weapons Also to agree not to develop nuclear weapons. Also to agree not to develop nuclear weapons.

But Iraq failed to fully cooperate with UN weapons But Iraq failed to fully cooperate with UN weapons inspectors…inspectors…

Terrorism and IslamTerrorism and Islam

TerrorismTerrorism: : Uses violence to achieve a political or religious Uses violence to achieve a political or religious

end (terrorist: someone who commits end (terrorist: someone who commits terrorism)terrorism)

QuranQuran does not allow the killing of does not allow the killing of innocents or suicideinnocents or suicide

TerroristsTerrorists believe they are jihadists: die in believe they are jihadists: die in defense of religion, become martyrsdefense of religion, become martyrs

JihadJihad:: ““Striving or Struggling in the Way of God”Striving or Struggling in the Way of God”

9/119/11

Terrorists hijacked Terrorists hijacked four passenger four passenger airplanes and airplanes and crashed them into crashed them into the WTC and the the WTC and the PentagonPentagon

The fourth crashed The fourth crashed in rural PAin rural PA

Nearly 3,000 died Nearly 3,000 died

Al Qaeda

The USS Cole bombing was a suicide attack against the United States Navy destroyer USS Cole on October 12, 2000

Osama Bin Laden

Taliban in Afghanistan

War on TerrorWar on Terror

U.S. targeted al Qaeda and the Taliban U.S. targeted al Qaeda and the Taliban TalibanTaliban-group that was governing -group that was governing

Afghanistan according to strict Afghanistan according to strict interpretation of Islamic lawinterpretation of Islamic law

2001-U.S. forced Taliban out of 2001-U.S. forced Taliban out of Afghanistan Afghanistan

Osama Bin LadenOsama Bin Laden was shot and killed on was shot and killed on May 2, 2011 by U.S. Navy Seals and CIAMay 2, 2011 by U.S. Navy Seals and CIA

The Iraq War-2003The Iraq War-2003 U.S. leaders worried that Hussein U.S. leaders worried that Hussein

might have deadly weapons that he might have deadly weapons that he could give to terroristscould give to terrorists

Another Another U.S.-led coalition invaded U.S.-led coalition invaded IraqIraq, quickly forcing Hussein out of , quickly forcing Hussein out of power.power.

American weapon inspectors American weapon inspectors failed to failed to findfind stockpiles of biological or stockpiles of biological or chemical weapons or evidence chemical weapons or evidence proving Hussein had a role in 9/11proving Hussein had a role in 9/11

Insurgency ensued Insurgency ensued

Statue of Saddam Hussein being

toppled in Firdos Square after the US

invasion of Iraq

Saddam shortly after capture by American forces, and after being shaved to confirm his

identityDecember 2003

Iraq TimelineIraq Timeline 20042004 political power was transferred to the Iraqis political power was transferred to the Iraqis 20052005 Iraqis voted in the country’s first multiparty Iraqis voted in the country’s first multiparty

election in 50 years and later approved a new election in 50 years and later approved a new constitution that would make Iraq an Islamic constitution that would make Iraq an Islamic federal democracyfederal democracy

November 5th, 2006-Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging. (Dec. 30, 2006)

All US Forces were mandated to withdraw from Iraqi territory by December 31, 2011 under the agreement signed in 2008 by President Bush-completed on December 18, 2011