islam means submission to allah started in saudi arabia definition: the monotheistic religion of the...
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IslamMeans submission to Allah
Started in Saudi Arabia
Definition: the monotheistic religion of the Muslims
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Islam
• Means: “peace through submission to the will of Allah”
• Those who follow Islam are called Muslim – “one who submits”
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People of the Arabian Peninsula
• Nomads: no settled home• Knowledge of desert, good guides for
traders• Mecca: Important trading center• Goods traded: perfume, spices,
incense, cloth, elephant tusks and gold
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Muhammad the Prophet
• Allah spoke to him through an angel and Mohamed experienced a revelation.
• Muhammed recited “inspired” words• Recognized Moses and Jesus as
prophets• Muhammad is from Mecca. Traveled
to Medina to speak of his message.
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More on Muhammad
• Followers to Medina: called hijra. The year is 622. This is the first year on the Muslim calendar.
• Although Muhammad is the leader, he is NOT divine
• Images of Muhammad are forbidden
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The Quran
• Final revelations of Allah given to Muhammad
• Muhammad’s revelations make up the Quran
• contains ethical guidelines
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Teachings of the Quran
• Only one God, Allah, and Muhammad was his prophet
• Allah is omnipotent• Those who followed
Allah’s commands would be rewarded, those who did not punished
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The Kaaba
• Abraham and Ishmael built Kaaba (house of worship)
• cornerstone sacred- Black Stone
• supreme god Allah along with the tribal gods
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Muslims, Mosques, Minarets
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View on Christianity
• View Christians and Jews as people of the book
• Recognize prophets. See Jesus as prophet. Muhammad was last prophet
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Important Facts
• Monotheistic• Don’t see Jesus as Savior, but as a prophet• Holy Book- Quran
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Hilal e Ehmer
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The five pillars of Islam
– Follow the Five Pillars to Islam and you will go to heaven• Proclamation of
Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Pilgrimage, Alms
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1. Proclamation of Faith
• Must affirm faith in 1 god- Allah and Muhammad is his last prophet
• last in long line of human prophets
• not a new religion but revival of true word that God revealed to Abraham and others
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2. Prayer
• Pray 5 times a day at intervals from dawn to sunset
• face Kaaba and bow in submission
• Friday is day of communal worship
• Gather at noon in mosques
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3. Fasting
• Fast from dawn to dusk during month of Ramadan
• This is month that Muhammad received revelation
• time of atonement and reminder
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4. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
• Make pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime
• Reminder to Muslims of their shared faith
• keep pilgrimage route safe
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5. Alms
• Annual wealth tax that Muslims must pay
• developed in practice to 2.5% of wealth and assets
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Divisions based on succession
Muhammad never named a successor
There is a division of Muslims based on who should be Muhammad’s successor
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Sunni Muslims
• Sunni: accept the best person
• caliphs are mortals with no divine powers
• No man should interpret God’s message
• Most Muslims: 85%
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Shia Muslims
• Only accept descendents of Muhammad as true rulers of Islam
• Divine inspiration passed down from caliph to caliph
• Explain messages from God
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• Most Muslims in the Middle East are Sunni, Majority in Iran /Iraq are Shia
• Spread of Islam beyond Middle East to Africa, Asia, Europe and US