islam versus islamism: the problems and strategies for reform

8/12/2019 Islam versus Islamism: the problems and strategies for reform

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Isajo vkrsus Isajoiso>

tlk prgbakos j`m strjtkciksegr rkegro

by

T.X Sjrm (Xl.M)



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‑]lksk mksdriptig`s jrk vkry ucay, it is geek`sivk j`m j` i`suat tg gur

rkaicig`. ]lkrk is `g ogmkrjtk gr ioogmkrjtk Isajo. Isajo is Isajo j`mtljt’s it.‟

XO Krmgcj` dgook`ti`c g` tlk tkro ‑ogmkrjtk Isajo‟, getk` uskm i` tlk

Skst tg mksdribk JFX.

Tgurdk> Oiaaiykt, ]urfky, Jucust 2:, 2883

I`trgmudtig`

]lk wgrf wiaa keekdtivkay skpjrjtk i`tg tlrkk skdtig`s. ]lk eirst skdtig` wiaa

mkja witl tlk Isajo Isajoiso misti`dtig`, wljt mkeiìtig`s jrk k`tjiakm j`m

wljt prgbakos jrisk.: ]lk skdg`m skdtig` wiaa mkja witl tlk pgssibiaitiks ge

rkegro j`m wljt okjsurks j`m stkps jrk `kkmkm tg iopakok`t it. ]lk

tlirm skdtig` wiaa egdus g` tlk dgu`tkr okjsurks `kdkssjry i` grmkr tg

keekdtivkay prkvk`t Isajoid kxtrkoiso ergo tjfi`c dg`trga ge tlk Skst

wliast tlk prgdkss kvgavks j`m prgcrkssks.

: Xjrt ge tlk prgbako tlk Skst ejdks tgmjy is mkeiì`c tlk `jturk ge Isajo j`m tljt wlidl is pkrdkivkm js tlk k`koy, wlk` tlk k`koy tgg getk` dj``gt kvk` bk mkei`kmmuk tg pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss. Kvk` egrkcgi`c pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss, bjsid tkros jrki`vjrijbay mieeiduat tg mkei`k prkdiskay j`m tkst tlk bgu`mjriks ge j`y trj`sajtkmokjì`c j`m tlk wimk mispjrity j`m sicìeidj`dk kxprksskm. ]lus j "niljmi" is g`k wlgdguam ykt mk`gtk j ‑tkrrgrist‟, but g`k wlg oiclt kqujaay bk siopay j spiritujaprjdtitig`kr, wlg bkaikvks i` tlk wgrtl ge j pkjdkeua j`m i`tkrigr "struccak" tg jdlikvkj purkay spirituja mkvkagpok`t. Ykt, kqujaay, it oiclt k`tjia bgtl. J` Isajoist,eurtlkrogrk, dguam bk g`k wlg oiclt bk j vigak`t prjdtitig`kr ge niljm, tljt is gt truay‑Isajoid‟, but it is j tkro tljt ykt dj``gt rim itskae ge its Isajoid dg`tkxt. ]lk mkeidik`dyge tkros ljs sgw` dgèusig` j`m dljgs. J bkttkr j`m ogrk prkdisk u`mkrstj`mi`c getlk k`koy is stiaa rkquirkm. It is j vgdjbuajry stiaa strjiì`c tg dg`vky tlk prkdisk jturkge wly gr kvk` lgw j vigak`t niljmi tkrrgrist slguam bk misti`cuislkm ergo j` Isajoid

bkaikvkr tljt jmvgdjtks pkjdk, wlk` tljt tkrrgrist lioskae dj` getk` ojfk tlk vkry vjaimdajio tljt tlky jbgvk jaa gtlkr Ousaios prjdtidk tlk truk ejitl wlidl is Isajo.



4

Tkdtig` G`k

]lk Isajo vkrsus Isajoiso mkbjtk

J prgbako ge i`tkrprktjtig`

Xgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss suppgrts twg dajios dg`dkr`i`c Isajo. Bgtl dajios nustiey it js pkjdkeua. ]lk eirst is j strg`c dajio tljt Isajo is j rkaicig` ge

pkjdk j`m jdts ge tkrrgriso ljvk ‑`gtli`c tg mg witl Isajo‟.2 J sgetkr

dajio ojfks tlk misti`dtig` tljt ge tlk kstiojtkm :.5 biaaig` Ousaios i`

tlk wgram, tlk ojngrity jrk wljt oiclt bk tkrokm ‑pkjdkeua‟, ‑ogmkrjtk‟,

‑rkaicigus‟ egaagwkrs ge Isajo,4 wlkrkjs tlk pgaitidja imkgagcy ge

2 Tkk tlk pgaitidij`’s ljrm dajio lkrk, wlkrk Xrksimk`t Lgaaj`mk stjtks jdts getkrrgriso ljvk ‑`gtli`c tg mg witl Isajo‟ pkrigm.

4 Xkjdkeua qugtks ergo tlk Zur’j` i`daumk>

=2>5, =< J`m wlg sg tjfks egr pjtrg`s’ gtlkrs bksimks Cgm, gvkr tlko mgks Cgm fkkpj wjtdl. Ojrf, ygu jrk `gt j fkkpkr gvkr tlko. But ie tlky tur` jsimk ergo ygu mg `gtckt mislkjrtk`km, egr Sk ljvk `gt sk`t ygu tg bk j fkkpkr gvkr tlko6 ygur tjsf is buttg prkjdl....

5=>:2 Gbky Cgm tlk` j`m gbky tlk Okssk`ckr, but ie ygu tur` jwjy `g bajok sljaajttjdl tg gur Okssk`ckr, egr tlk muty ge Gur Okssk`ckr is nust tg mkaivkr tlk okssjck.

58>< Jaajl egrbims ygu `gt, witl rkcjrm tg tlgsk wlg eiclt ygu `gt egr ygur Ejitl, `grmrivk ygu gut ge ygur lgoks, ergo mkjai`c fi`may j`m nustay witl tlko> egr Jaajl agvktltlgsk wlg jrk nust.

Lgwkvkr, jaa tlksk pjssjcks it dj` bk dajiokm, jrk jbrgcjtkm by tlk ajtkr ogrk vigak`tpjssjcks, wlidl it is dgooj`mkm supkrskmk tlk kjraikr (2>:85, :5>:8:, :3><5).

Lgwkvkr, i` tlk Ljmitl tlk Xrgplkt stridtay wjr`km jcji`st j`y ojatrkjtok`t gepkgpak ge gtlkr ejitls>

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2015/01/09/french_president_hollande_these_fanatics_have_nothing_to_do_with_islam.html






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‑Isajoiso‟, j ‑eu`mjok`tja‟, ‑rjmidja‟, gr ‑oiaitj`t‟ strji` (j` kstiojtkm

:8%) is j pgaitidja kxtrkoiso j`m j sfkwkm i`tkrprktjtig`.

]lk twg dajios rkvkja j pjrjmgx tljt is tgg getk` gvkraggfkm> egr tlkyic`grk tlk ejdt tljt tkrrgrists jrk getk` ogtivjtkm tg jdtiviso (js ejr js

tlky jrk dg`dkr`km) by j eu`mjok`tja j`m tlkrkegrk aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`

ge tlk Zur’j` j`m ge Rkmmjl (Isajoid ajw). It is tlis aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`

ge Isajoid tkxts tljt jmms pkrsujsivk`kss js tg tlk ogrja i`tkcrity ge tlkir

djusk egr gtlkr Ousaios. ]lky jrk tlk` `gt siopay dg`euskm Isajoists but

egaagw Isajo i` its ogst aitkrja j`m (tlky dajio) jutlk`tid sk`sk.

Kxtrkoiso, tlk`, dj` bk dg`trjriay dljrjdtkriskm js j aitkrja rkjmi`c ge

niljm j`m g`k dg`tkxtujaiskm js j oiaitjry j`m rkaicigus ‑struccak‟, wlidl

wjcks wjr dlikeay tlrgucl jdts ge tkrrgriso. I` mgi`c sg, it euaeias j mivi`k

‑Bkwjrk! Slgkvkr is druka j`m ljrm g` j g`-Ousaio oi`grity, gr durtjias tlkirriclts, gr burmk`s tlko witl ogrk tlj` tlky dj` bkjr, gr tjfks j`ytli`c ergotlko jcji`st tlkir erkk wiaa6 I (Xrgplkt Ouljoojm) wiaa dgopaji` jcji`st tlkpkrsg` g` tlk Mjy ge Numcok`t. ‟ (Jbu Mjwum).

]lk tkjdli`cs ge tlk Xrgplkt g` lgw bkaikvkrs slguam trkjt `g`-Ousaio erik`ms j`m`kiclbgurs g` j mjy tg mjy bjsis, js wkaa js lgw cgvkr`ok`t slguam trkjt j `g`-Ousaio ditizk` ge j Ousaio stjtk, i`daumk tlk egaagwi`c>

‑Lk wlg bkaikvks i` Cgm j`m tlk Ajst Mjy slguam lg`gur lis cukst, slguam `gt ljrolis `kiclbgur, slguam spkjf cggm gr fkkp quikt.‟ (Bufljri).

‑ Slgkvkr lurts j `g`-Ousaio ditizk` ge j Ousaio stjtk lurts ok, j`m lk wlg lurtsok j``gys Cgm.‟ (Bufljri).

‑Lk wlg lurts j `g`-Ousaio ditizk` ge j Ousaio stjtk, I jo lis jmvkrsjry, j`m I sljaa bk lis jmvkrsjry g` tlk Mjy ge j Numckok`t.‟ (Bufljri).

‑Bkwjrk g` tlk Mjy ge Numckok`t6 I sljaa oyskae bk dgopaji`j`t jcji`st lio wlg wrg`cs j `g`-Ousaio ditizk` ge j Ousaio stjtk gr ajys g` lio j rkspg`sibiaity crkjtkrtlj` lk dj` bkjr gr mkprivks lio ge j`ytli`c tljt bkag`cs tg lio.‟ (Ja-Ojwjrmi).

‑ J`yg`k wlg fiaas j `g`-Ousaio wlg ljm bkdgok gur jaay wiaa gt sokaa tlk erjcrj`dk

ge Xjrjmisk.‟ (Bufljri).



;

iopkrjtivk.= ]lis vigak`t jdtiviso skkfs tg iopakok`t j pgaitidja jck`mj

ge cagbja sdgpk. It mgks, lgwkvkr, jasg mispajy j rkaicigus egu`mjtig` j`m

dg`tkxt.

= ]lk Zur’j` dg`tji`s jt akjst :89 vkrsks tljt djaa Ousaios tg wjr witl `g`-bkaikvkrsegr tlk sjfk ge Isajoid ruak. Tgok dgooj`m Ousaios tg dlgp gee lkjms j`m ei`ckrsj`m fiaa ièimkas wlkrkvkr tlky ojy bk limi`c. Ousaios wlg mg `gt ngi` tlk eicltjrk djaakm ‑lypgdritks‟ j`m wjr`km tljt Jaajl wiaa sk`m tlko tg Lkaa ie tlky mg `gt ngi`tlk djusk.

[àifk `kjray jaa ge tlk Gam ]kstjok`t vkrsks, tlk vkrsks ge vigak`dk i` tlk Zur’j` jrkogstay gpk`-k`mkm, okjì`c tljt tlky jrk `gt rkstrji`km by tlk listgridja dg`tkxt getlk surrgu`mi`c tkxt. ]lk oji`strkjo vikw is tljt tlky jrk pjrt ge tlk ktkr ja,u`dlj`ci`c wgrm ge Jaajl, j`m j djsk dj` bk ojmk tlky jrk jt tlk akjst nust js rkakvj`tjs j`ytli`c kask i` tlk Zur’j` bkdjusk tlk k`tirk dgrpus is mivi`k j`m dg`tji`s tlkrkvkjakm wgrm ge Cgm.

Ogst ge tgmjy ’s Ousaios kxkrdisk j pkrsg`ja dlgidk tg i`tkrprkt tlkir lgay bggf's djaatg jros jddgrmi`c tg tlkir gw` prkdg`dkptig`s jbgut nustieijbak vigak`dk. Jpgagcistsdjtkr tg tlkir prkekrk`dks witl tkùgus jrcuok`ts tljt cagss gvkr listgridja ejdt j`m

ck`krjaay mg `gt stj`m up tg sdruti y. Ttiaa, it is iopgrtj`t tg `gtk tljt tlk prgbakois `gt bjm pkgpak, but bjm imkgagcy.

Zur’j` (=3>4-=) — ‑ ]lgsk wlg misbkaikvk egaagw ejasklggm, wliak tlgsk wlg bkaikvk egaagw tlk trutl ergo tlkir Agrm... Tg, wlk` ygu okkt (i` eiclt Niljm i` Jaajl's Djusk),tlgsk wlg misbkaikvk soitk jt tlkir kdfs tiaa wlk` ygu ljvk fiaakm j`m wgu`mkm oj`yge tlko, tlk` bi`m j bg`m eiroay (g` tlko, i.k. tjfk tlko js djptivks) ... Ie it ljm bkk`

Jaajl's Siaa, Lk Lioskae dguam dkrtjiày ljvk puìslkm tlko (witlgut ygu). But (Lkakts ygu eiclt), i` grmkr tg tkst ygu, sgok witl gtlkrs. But tlgsk wlg jrk fiaakm i` tlkSjy ge Jaajl, Lk wiaa `kvkr akt tlkir mkkms bk agst.‟

]lgsk wlg rknkdt Jaajl jrk tg bk fiaakm i` Niljm. ]lk wgu`mkm jrk tg bk lkam djptivkegr rj`sgo. ]lk gày rkjsg` Jaajl mgks`'t mg tlk mirty wgrf lioskae is tg tkst tlkejitleua`kss ge Ousaios. ]lgsk wlg fiaa pjss tlk tkst.

Zur’j` (=3>4;) — ‑ Bk `gt wkjry j`m eji`t-lkjrtkm, dryi`c egr pkjdk, wlk` yk slguambk uppkrogst (Tljfir> "ljvk tlk uppkr lj`m") egr Jaajl is witl ygu.‟

Zur’j` (=<>:3) — ‑]lkrk is g bajok egr tlk bai`m, gr is tlkrk bajok egr tlk ajok, gris tlkrk bajok egr tlk sidf (tljt tlky cg `gt egrtl tg wjr). J`m wlgsg gbkyktl Jaajlj`m Lis okssk`ckr, Lk wiaa ojfk lio k`tkr Cjrmk`s u`mkr`kjtl wlidl rivkrs eagw6j`m wlgsg tur`ktl bjdf, lio wiaa Lk puìsl witl j pjièua mggo.‟

http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/verses/003-qmt.php#003.167

http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/Bible-Quran-Violence.htm










http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/Bible-Quran-Violence.htm




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Dg`tkopgrjry jpgagcists sgoktioks dajio tljt Niljm okj`s j spirituja ‑struccak‟. Iesg, tlk` wly jrk tlk bai`m, ajok j`m sidf kxkoptkm7 ]lis vkrsk jasg sjys tljt tlgsk

wlg mg `gt eiclt wiaa sueekr tgrok`t i` Lkaa.

Zur’j` (=<>29) — ‑ Ouljoojm is tlk okssk`ckr ge Jaajl. J`m tlgsk witl lio jrkljrm (rutlakss) jcji`st tlk misbkaikvkrs j`m okrdieua jog`c tlkoskavks‟.

Isajo is `gt jbgut trkjti`c kvkryg`k kqujaay. ]lkrk jrk twg vkry misti`dt stj`mjrmstljt jrk jppaikm bjskm g` rkaicigus stjtus. Jasg, tlk wgrm uskm egr ‑ljrm‟ gr ‑rutlakss‟ i` tlis vkrsk sljrks tlk sjok rggt js tlk wgrm trj`sajtkm js ‑pjièua‟ gr ‑skvkrk‟ i`

vkrsk :5.

Zur’j` (5:>=) — ‑ Turkay Jaajl agvks tlgsk wlg eiclt i` Lis wjy‟. Rkaicig` ge Xkjdk,i`mkkm! ]lk vkrsk kxpaiditay rkekrs tg ‑ bjttak jrrjy ‟, okjì`c tljt it is spkjfi`c geplysidja dgèaidt. ]lis is egaagwkm by (5:>9)> ‑ Lk it is wlg ljs sk`t Lis Okssk`ckr

(Ogljookm) witl cuimj`dk j`m tlk rkaicig` ge trutl (Isajo) tg ojfk it vidtgrigusgvkr jaa rkaicig`s kvk` tlgucl tlk ièimkas ojy rksist .‟ (Tkk `kxt vkrsk,

bkagw). Ièimkas wlg rksist Isajoid ruak jrk tg bk eguclt.

Zur’j` (5:>:8-:2) — ‑G Ygu wlg bkaikvk! Tljaa I cuimk ygu tg j dgookrdk tljt wiaasjvk ygu ergo j pjièua tgrok`t. ]ljt ygu bkaikvk i` Jaajl j`m Lis Okssk`ckr(Ouljoojm) j`m tljt ygu strivk ljrm j`m eiclt i` tlk Djusk ge Jaajl witl ygurwkjatl j`m ygur aivks, tljt wiaa bk bkttkr egr ygu, ie ygu but f`gw! (Ie ygu mg sg) Lkwiaa egrcivk ygu ygur si`s, j`m jmoit ygu i`tg Cjrmk`s u`mkr wlidl rivkrs eagw, j`m

pakjsj`t mwkaai`c i Cjrmk`s ge 'Jm` - Ktkrìty V'Jm` (Km`) Xjrjmisk_, tljt is i`mkkmtlk crkjt suddkss.‟ ]lis vkrsk rkekrs tg plysidja bjttak i` grmkr tg ojfk Isajo

vidtgrigus gvkr gtlkr rkaicig`s (skk jbgvk). It usks tlk Jrjbid wgrm, Niljm.

Zur’j` (55>9) — ‑G Xrgplkt! Ttrivk jcji`st tlk misbkaikvkrs j`m tlk lypgdritks j`m bkstkr` witl tlko. Lkaa wiaa bk tlkir lgok, j ljpakss ngur`ky's k`m.‟ ]lk rggt wgrm ge‑Niljm‟ is uskm jcji` lkrk. ]lk dg`tkxt is dakjray lgay wjr, j`m tlk sdgpk ge vigak`dkis brgjmk`km tg i`daumk ‑lypgdritks‟ - tlgsk wlg djaa tlkoskavks Ousaios but mg `gtjdt js sudl.

Imkgagcy vkrsus ejitl, j oj`-ojmk i`tkrprktjtig` vkrsus mivi`k rkvkajtig` issgoktioks uskm tg misti`cuisl Isajoiso ergo Isajo. ]lk okrits ge tlis misti`dtig` jrkgpk` tg tlkgagcidja mkbjtk. Uigak`t sg djaakm ‑oj`-ojmk‟ i`tkrprktjtig` jrksgoktioks dajiokm tg bk kvi`dkm i` tlk egaagwi`c `g`- Zur’jìd pjssjcks.

Ousaio (:9>=42:-=424) - ]lrkk skpjrjtk ljmitl i` wlidl Ouljoojm slrucs gvkr tlk`kws tljt i``gdk`t dliamrk` wkrk fiaakm i` j rjim by lis ok` jcji`st u`bkaikvkrs. Lisrkspg`sk> ‑]lky jrk ge tlko‟ (okjì`c tlk k`koy).

Ousaio (:9>=29=) — ‑Slk` tlk Okssk`ckr ge Jaajl (ojy pkjdk bk upg` lio)jppgi`tkm j`yg`k js akjmkr ge j` jroy gr mktjdlok`t lk wguam kspkdijaay kxlgrtlio... Lk wguam sjy> Eiclt i` tlk jok ge Jaajl j`m i` tlk wjy ge Jaajl. Eiclt jcji`sttlgsk wlg misbkaikvk i` Jaajl. Ojfk j lgay wjr... Slk` ygu okkt ygur k`koiks wlgjrk pgaytlkists, i`vitk tlko tg tlrkk dgursks ge jdtig`. Ie tlky rkspg`m tg j`y g`k getlksk, ygu jasg jddkpt it j`m witllgam ygurskae ergo mgi`c tlko j`y ljro. I`vitk










http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/019-smt.php#019.4321











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]g sdrutiìsk tlk vjauk ge tlk twg dajios eurtlkr, it is wgrtl stjti`c tljt

oj`y oiaaig`s ge Ousaios (bgtl `goi`ja j`m prjdtidi`c) mg `gt jmvgdjtk

lumum (vigak`t j`m gpprkssivk sljrij) wliast sgok jdtivkay gppgsk it.

Gtlkr bkaikvkrs jasg okrkay dg`simkr niljm ogrk oktjplgridjaay i` tkros

tlko tg (jddkpt) Isajo6 ie tlky rkspg`m tg ygu, jddkpt it ergo tlko j`m mksist ergo eiclti`c jcji`st tlko... Ie tlky rkeusk tg jddkpt Isajo, mkoj`m ergo tlko tlk Nizyj. Ie tlky jcrkk tg pjy, jddkpt it ergo tlko j`m lgam gee ygur lj`ms. Ie tlky rkeusk tg pjy tlk tjx, skkf Jaajl's lkap j`m eiclt tlko.‟

Bufljri :>4; ‑]lk pkrsg` wlg pjrtidipjtks i` (Lgay Bjttaks) i` Jaajl’s djusk j`m`gtli`c dgopkas lio mg sg kxdkpt bkaike i` Jaajl j`m Lis Jpgstak, wiaa bk rkdgopk`skmby Jaajl kitlkr witl j rkwjrm, gr bggty (ie lk survivks) gr wiaa bk jmoittkm tg Xjrjmisk(ie lk is fiaakm).‟

]jbjri 3>93 ]lk ogrì`c jetkr tlk ourmkr ge Jslrje, tlk Xrgplkt mkdajrkm, ‑ Fiaa j`y Nkw wlg ejaas u`mkr ygur pgwkr.‟ Jslrje tlk pgkt, wjs fiaakm by Ouljoojm's ok` bkdjusk lk i`suatkm Isajo. Lkrk, Ouljoojm wimk`s tlk sdgpk ge lis grmkrs tgfiaa. J` i``gdk`t Nkwisl busi`kssoj` wjs tlk` saji` by lis Ousaio pjrt`kr, okrkayegr bki`c `g`-Ousaio.

]jbjri 9>59 ‑ Fiaai`c [`bkaikvkrs is j sojaa ojttkr tg us‟. ]lk wgrms ge Ouljoojmlioskae it is dajiokm.

]jbjri :3>:<3 ‑'By Cgm, gur rkaicig` (mi`) ergo wlidl wk ljvk mkpjrtkm is bkttkr j`mogrk dgrrkdt tlj` tljt wlidl tlksk pkgpak egaagw. ]lkir rkaicig` mgks `gt stgp tlko

ergo slkmmi`c baggm, tkrrieyi`c tlk rgjms, j`m skizi`c prgpkrtiks.' J`m tlky rktur`kmtg tlkir egrokr rkaicig`.‟ ]lk wgrms ge j crgup ge Dlristij`s wlg ljm dg`vkrtkm tgIsajo but rkjaiskm tlkir krrgr jetkr bki`c slgdfkm by tlk vigak`dk j`m aggti`cdgooittkm i` tlk `jok ge Jaajl. ]lk pridk ge tlkir mkdisig` tg rktur` tg j rkaicig` gepkjdk wjs tljt tlk ok` wkrk bklkjmkm j`m tlk wgoj` j`m dliamrk` k`sajvkm by tlkdjaipl Jai.

Ib` Isljq/Lisljo =<=> - ‑Jaajl sjim, “J prgplkt oust sajucltkr bkegrk dgaakdti`cdjptivks. J sajucltkrkm k`koy is mrivk` ergo tlk aj`m. Ouljoojm, ygu drjvkm tlkmksirks ge tlis wgram, its cggms j`m tlk rj`sgo djptivks wguam bri`c. But Jaajlmksirks fiaai`c tlko tg ojìekst tlk rkaicig`.’‟

Ib` Isljq/Lisljo 998> - Akst j`yg`k tli`f tljt dutti`c gee sgokg`k's lkjm wliaksdrkjoi`c ‑ Jaajl Jfbjr!‟ is j ogmkr` drkjtig`, lkrk is j` jddgu`t ge tljt vkry prjdtidku`mkr Ouljoojm, wlg skkos tg jpprgvk.

Ib` Isljq/Lisljo 992> - ‑ Eiclt kvkryg`k i` tlk wjy ge Jaajl j`m fiaa tlgsk wlgmisbkaikvk i` Jaajl‟ Ouljoojm’s i`strudtig`s tg lis ok` prigr tg j oiaitjry rjim.



<

ge it bki`c priojriay j` i`tkr`ja psydlgagcidja mkvkagpok`t, gr spirituja

‑struccak‟, sgakay witli` tlkoskavks. It is gt siopay tlk djsk tlkrkegrk tljt

ipsg ejdtg j Ousaio oust `kdkssjriay bk vigak`t, gr j tkrrgrist. But `kitlkr

dj` it siopay bk stjtkm tljt tkrrgriso ljs ‑`gtli`c tg mg witl Isajo‟, wlk`

tlgsk ge j ogrk eu`mjok`tjaist pkrsujsig` jrk prkpjrkm tg usk j aitkrja

rkjmi`c ge tlk Isajoid tkxts, pjrtiduajray tlk Zur’j`, js tlk priok

nustieidjtig` egr tlkir pgaitidja j`m oiaitjry jdtiviso.;

; Okmli Ljsj` ljs stjtkm> ‑]lkrk is, i` ejdt, `gtli`c Isajoid jbgut sg-djaakm Isajoidtkrrgriso’’. J dg`sistk`t pgsitig` tljt lk ljs jrcukm tlrguclgut. Or Ljsj` ’spkrspkdtivks g` ‑oiaitj`t jtlkists‟ i` rkspkdt tg ‑Ousaio‟ (`gt Isajoid) tkrrgristcrgups is tljt tlky jrk pkgpak ge `g ejitl. ]lis is j pgsitig` lk ljs spkdieidjaay stjtkm i`rkspkdt tg Isajoid Ttjtk (ITIA, Isis, Mjwksl, gr wljtkvkr g`-kxistk`t Jrjbid jok ygu

wisl tg djaa tlko) but tlis is j` gmm dajio tg ojfk i` tlk aiclt ge tlk Akjmkr ge Isis JbuBjfr ja-Bjclmjmi ljvi`c j Xl.M. i` Isajoid Ttumiks. Jddgrmi`c tg j okog dirduajti`cg` niljmist i`tkr`kt egruos i` Nuay 28:4, lk gbtji`km j BJ, OJ, j`m mgdtgrjtk iÌsajoid stumiks ergo tlk Isajoid [ìvkrsity ge Bjclmjm. Bjclmjmi is `gt nust Ousaiotlk`, but j prjykr gbskrvi`c, vkry ièauk`tija egaagwkr ge Isajo, wlg wjs stkkpkm iÌsajoid tlkgagcidja sdlgajrslip j`m ljs i`tiojtkay bkk` i`vgavkm i` sljrij dgu`diasj`m dgooittkks. It is pjrtiduajray iopgrtj`t js lis prg`gu`dkok`ts prgvimk tlgsk witl`g`-Jrjbid u`mkrstj`mi`c ge tkxts tlk `kdkssjry i`mkpk`mk`t numcok`t tg jdt.

I` tlis jrcuok`t, tlk rgak ge tjqaim j`m intiljm jrk ge iopgrtj`dk. ]jqaim is j` Jrjbidtkro, wlidl aitkrjaay okj`s ‑tg egaagw‟. It okj`s tg egaagw j ountjlim (j` Isajoidsdlgajr wlg is dgopktk`t i` i`tkrprkti`c tlk sljrij) i` rkaicigus ajws j`mdgooj`mok`t js lk ljs mkrivkm tlko. Tgok Ousaios, tlk`, egaagw tlk mkdisig`s ge jrkaicigus kxpkrt, witlgut `kdkssjriay kxjoiì`c tlk sdripturja bjsis, gr rkjsgì`c getljt mkdisig`, sudl js jddkpti`c j`m egaagwi`c tlk vkrmidt ge sdlgajrs ge nurisprumk`dk(eiql). ]lis rkquirks `g kxpaj`jtig` ge tlk prgdkssks by wlidl tlis is jrrivkm jt. It mgks`gt kvk` `kdkssjriay rkquirk j` jmlkrk`dk tg g`k ge tlk egur dajssidja sdlggas(ojmlljb) ge nurisprumk`dk js j stridt gbaicjtig`. It siopay rkquirks egaagwi`c tlkprg`gu`dkok`t ge tlk rkaicigus akjmkr.

Ykt Or Ljsj` wislks tg vikw sudl tkrrgrist grcjìsjtig`s, `gt js mrivk` by tlk tk`ktsge j drjzkm i`tkrprktkr ge tlk :=88-ykjr-gam ejitl, wlidl ykt ljs dgu`takss spkdieidZurjìd kmidts jmvgdjti`c sajucltkr jcji`st tlk ljrbi (`g`-bkaikvkrs) js j dgoou`jarkaicigus muty. Lk ic`grks tlk :=88-ykjr listgry ge baggmslkm tljt ljs akm tg its dlikeakjmkrs j`m listgridja eicurks bki`c tkrokm Dg`qukrgrs (ejtlkl). Tudl vikws jrk, lkdajios, tlk vikws ge tlk ‑ajzy‟, tlk ‑bicgtkm‟ gr ‑uìègrokm‟. Lk prkekrs i`stkjm jogrk ogmkr`, wkstkrìskm, psydlg-sgdija kxpaj`jtig`.



9

J siopak misti`dtig` slguam `gt rkjmiay bk ojmk tljt k`tirkay kxg`krjtks

Isajo. ]lk twg dajios jrk dakjray i`jddurjtk i` j`y djsk> js oiaitj`t

ogvkok`ts prjdtidk tlk ogst eu`mjok`tja j`m aitkrja egro ge tlk

rkaicig`.5 ]krrgrist jdts, tlkrkegrk, dj``gt siopay bk misti`cuislkm ergo

rkaicigus prjdtidk, wlk` tlk tkrrgrists tlkoskavks purpgrt tg prjdtidk tlk

Rkaicig`, jddgrmi`c tg Ljsj`’s vikw tlk`, ‑pajys j rgak `gt js j mrivkr ge bkljvigur butjs j vklidak egr gutrjck j`m, drudijaay, j ojrfkr ge imk`tity.‟ Egr j euaakr dritiquk ge lispgsitig`s g` vjrigus jrcuok`ts skk oy kssjy lkrk.

I` tlis tlk rkaicigus jeeiaijtig` ge oj`y ge tlk jdtivists is dakjr j`m ùokrgus kxjopaksdj` bk civk` ergo tlk [.F. js tg tlkir oimmak-dajss bjdfcrgu`ms j`m rkaicigusiopkrjtivks. Egr kxjopak, Ouljoojm Ljoimur Rjloj` wjs j egrokr supkrvisgr jtXriojrf. Lis ejtlkr sjim> “Lk jsfkm us tg prjy egr lio, j`m sjim lk wj`tkm tg bkdgokj sljlkkm (ojrtyr) egr tlk sjfk ge Jaajl.’‟ Gtlkrs wkrk `gt siopay `goi`ja ‑Ousaios‟

but bkaikvkm i Isajoid ksdljtgagcy, js Ljsj` oistjfkày jmoits, but tlky jasg bkaikvkmi` Isajoid sgtkrigagcy j`m tlk mgdtri`ks ge sjajvjtig`> ‑Ietlkfjr Njoj`, 24, mikm i`28:4 i` j bjttakeikam dajsl 2,888 oiaks ergo lis Ljopslirk lgok.Lk wjs g`k ge j`kstiojtkm 4;8 Britisl ok` tg ljvk tjfk` up jros witl Ja Zjkmj-ai`fkm crgups i` Tyrij— wlkrk tlky jrk f`gw` js Britisl Fjtjj’ib, okjì`c Britisl Bricjmk. Njoj` mkdajrkmlk wjs rkjmy tg mik js j ojrtyr, vgwi`c> “I mg`’t paj` tg dgok bjdf. Aiek is egr tlklkrkjetkr… it’s j` ktkr`ja pjrjmisk sg tlk sjdrieidk is sojaa.’ Bgtl tlk rkaicigus j`m tlkpgaitidja nustieidjtig` kvimk`tay is j ogtivjti`c ejdtgr> ‑Ietlkfjr Njoj`, 24 (Jaijs> Jbu

Jburjloj`) sjim it wjs lis ‑muty‟ tg lkap Ousaios ‑bki`c sajucltkrkm‟ by Xrksimk`tBjsljr ja-Jssjm j`m wjs rkdg`diakm tg myi`c i` Tyrij. G`k ge lis ei`ja pgsts g` ]wittkrsjim> ‑It is bkttkr egr tlk jutlgritiks tg jaagw tlksk Ousaios wlg wj`t tg oicrjtk & mg

niljm.‟ I` Gdtgbkr, lis ejtlkr, Kù Oijl, ;3, j`m ogtlkr, Lk`j Dlgumlury, =<,grici`jaay ergo Bj`cajmksl, wkrk jog`c six pkgpak jrrkstkm i` dggrmi`jtkm dgu`tkr—tkrrgriso pgaidk rjims i` Ljopslirk j`m Ag`mg`.‟ ]lksk oimmak dajss, getk` wkaa tgmg, i`tkaaick`t stumk`ts, jrk dkrtjiày gt pkgpak wlg ljvk bkk` misjmvj`tjckm, gr jrktlky ajdfi`c i` i tkaakdtuja jduok`, `gr pgaitidja j`m rkaicigus jwjrk`kss.

5 ]lk Isajoid Ttjtk ge Irjq j`m tlk Akvj`t (ITIA) is j Tjajei niljmist tkrrgristgrcjìsjtig` j`m egrokr u`rkdgcìskm prgtg-stjtk tljt egaagws j eu`mjok`tjaist,

Sjlljbi akjì`c. It ljs kvgavkm ergo lktkrgmgx Tu`ì Isajo akjì`cs. ITIA cji`kmcagbja prgoi`k`dk i` kjray 28:= wlk` it mrgvk Irjqi cgvkròk`t egrdks gut ge fky ditiksi` its Irjq/ Skst geek`sivk, egaagwkm by its djpturk ge Ogsua j`m tlk Ti`njr ojssjdrk.

]lk crgup ljs bkk` mksic`jtkm j tkrrgrist grcjìsjtig` by tlk [@ j`m oj`y i`mivimujadgu`triks. It is wimkay f`gw` egr its vimkgs ge bklkjmi`cs j`m gtlkr typks ge kxkdutig`sj`m its mkstrudtig` ge duaturja lkritjck sitks. ]lk [@ lgams it rkspg`sibak egr luoj`riclts jbusks j`m wjr drioks j`m ge jasg dgooittkm ktlìd dakj`si`c i` `grtlkr` Irjq.

http://www.freedomwritings.com/political/?p=3344






:8

ejitl.3 I` tlis, tlk`, Isajoists tgg jrk Ousaios wlg prjdtidk, j`m i` tlis,

tlky dajio, tlky jrk siopay tlk truk prgpg`k`ts ge Isajo, `gt ge

‑Isajoiso‟. I` tlis imk`tieidjtig` ge ejitl prjdtidk tg nustiey tlkir vigak`dk,

tlky jrk prkpjrkm tg usk j`y okj`s, i`daumi`c tlk mkjtl ge gtlkr akss

grtlgmgx prjdtitig`krs, prgdajiokm tg bk aibkrja jpgstjtks, tg jdlikvk j

cagbja djaipljtk.<

3 ITIA grici`jtkm js Njoj'jt ja-]jwlim wja-Niljm i` :999, wlidl pakmckm jaakcij`dk tg Ja-Zjkmj j`m pjrtidipjtkm i` tlk Irjqi i`surck`dy egaagwi`c tlk 2884 i`vjsig` ge Irjq by wkstkr` egrdks. ]lk crgup prgdajiokm itskae j wgramwimk djaipljtk. Js j djaipljtk,it dajios rkaicigus, pgaitidja j`m oiaitjry jutlgrity gvkr jaa Ousaios wgramwimk.

< ]lk misti`cuisli`c ekjturk lkrk is vigak`dk, but it is j vjauk tljt dj``gt bk siopaykxpu`ckm ergo Isajo wlidl ljs j akcjdy ge baggmy vigak`dk j`m wjr tlrguclgut itslistgry j`m wlidl is getk` ditkm js j` iopkrjtivk by its ITIA jdtivists. ]lk mkjtl geekaagw Ousaios tgg ljs bkk` j ekjturk ge Isajo’s listgry. Ouljoojm's ejiaurk tg akjvkj dakjr ai`k ge suddkssig` rksuatkm i` pkrpktuja i`tkr`ja wjr egaagwi`c lis mkjtl. ]lgsk

wlg f`kw lio bkst eirst eguclt tg fkkp rkogtk tribks ergo akjvi`c Isajo j`m rkvkrti`ctg tlkir prkekrrkm rkaicig`. ]lk`, witli` tlk dagskr dgoouìty, kjray Okddj` dg`vkrts

bjttakm ajtkr g`ks. ]lksk wkrk tlk ‑ Jpgstjsy wjrs‟. Lgstiaity mkvkagpkm bktwkk` tlgskiooicrj`ts wlg ljm trjvkaakm witl Ouljoojm tg Okddj j`m tlk J`sjr jt Okmi`j

wlg ljm lkapkm tlko skttak. Ei`jaay, tlkrk wjs j vigak`t struccak witli` Ouljoojm’sgw` ejoiay, bktwkk` lis ejvguritk wiek j`m ejvguritk mjucltkr, tljt ljs aket Tlijs j`mTu`ìs jt kjdl gtlkr’s tlrgjts kvkr si`dk.

]lus, tlk qukstig` jrisks js tg wlktlkr Isajo nustieiks tlk prjdtisk ge vigak`t jdts7 I`tlk Zur’j` tlkrk jrk oj`y vkrsks tljt mg nustiey vigak`dk, j`m tlky jrk jaa tlk ogrkmj`ckrgus by bki`c civk` tlk wkiclt ge mivi`k dgooj`m. Sliak Ousaio tkrrgrists tjfktlko js aitkrjaay js j`ytli`c kask i` tlkir lgay bggf, j`m u`mkrstj`m tljt Isajo isi`dgopaktk witlgut Niljm, ogmkrjtks mg `gt mg k`gucl tg dgu`tkr tlk dajios.Tpkjfi`c ge pkjdk j`m agvk ojy wi` gvkr tlk ic`grj`t, but wlk` Isajo’s lgaikst bggfspkjfs js oudl tg j mivi`k iopkrjtivk ge ljtrkm egr `g`-Ousaios, gr djaas egr tlkirmkjtl, egrdkm dg`vkrsig`, gr subnucjtig`, js it mgks tg pkjdk, it's aittak wg`mkr tljttkrrgriso bgr` ergo j aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` is i`drkjsi`c.

Jatlgucl sdlgajrs aifk Ib` Fljamu`, g`k ge Isajo’s ogst rkspkdtkm pliagsgplkrs,u`mkrstggm tljt> ‑tlk lgay wjr is j rkaicigus muty, bkdjusk ge tlk uìvkrsjaiso ge tlk

Ousaio oissig` j`m (tlk gbaicjtig` tg) dg`vkrt kvkrybgmy tg Isajo kitlkr by pkrsujsig` gr by egrdk‟ , oj`y gtlkr Ousaios jrk kitlkr u`jwjrk gr wiaeuaay ic`grj`tge tlk Zur’j`’s `kjr jbsk`dk ge vkrsks tljt prkjdl uìvkrsja `g`-vigak`dk.

I` tlk Skst, it is typidja egr bkaikvkrs tg tli`f tljt Isajo oust bk aifk Dlristijìty -prkjdli`c tlk @kw ]kstjok`t virtuks ge pkjdk, agvk, j`m tgakrj`dk, Oj`y Ousaios jrktjuclt tlis tgg bkdjusk Isajo is suppgskm tg bk supkrigr i` kvkry wjy. ]lky jrk

http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/Quran-Hate.htm




::

J prgbako ge tkros

]lk i`jmkqujdy ge tlk Isajo Isajoiso misti`dtig` bkdgoks jppjrk`t wlk`

it is dg`simkrkm tlk Isajoists tlkoskavks bkaikvk tlky jrk egaagwi`c tlkkmidts j`m jdtig`s ge tlk Xrgplkt.9 Ykt it is j stj`dk `gt rkjmiay

jdf`gwakmckm i` tlk wkstkr` okmij, wlg getk` wj`t tg jmlkrk tg tlk

strg`c dajio by mkejuat. Isajoists, tlkrkegrk, ljvk `g u`mkrstj`mi`c ge

Isajo js j ejitl systko, gr jt akjst tlky dajio tlky mg `gt jdt ergo j`y

‑rkja‟ sk`sk ge j rkaicigus iopkrjtivk. ]lis, lgwkvkr, is siopay `gt truk,

j`m i` tlkir ejiaurk tg jdf`gwakmck tlk ejitl-bjskm kakok`t, tlky okrkay

jmm rkaicigus zkja tg tlk eu`mjok`tjaists’ i`mic`jtig` tljt tlky jag`k jrk

tlk truk prgpg`k`ts ge Isajo. I`mkkm, tlk i`suat i` usi`c tlk tkro

‑Isajoiso‟ gày kxjdkrbjtks tlkir j`ckr egr tlk djusk, js it is pkrdkivkm js

j` i`suat tg tlk purity ge tlkir truay Isajoid ejitl.

]lk aibkrja pgaitidij`s j`m okmij skkf tg qukaa j`y driks ge bicgtry gr

dajios ge pkrskdutig` tljt oiclt jrisk, kopljsisi`c tlk rgcuk pgaitidjakakok`t j`m vigak`dk, wlidl tlky dajio truay dljrjdtkrisks Isajoiso. ]lky

surpriskm j`m kobjrrjsskm tg akjr` tljt tlk kvimk`dk ge tlk Zur’j` j`m tlk baggmylistgry ge Isajo tgg getk` stj`ms i` dg`trjmidtig` tg tlis. Dakjray, tlk`, uìvkrsjaiso`kkms tg bk kvgavkm i` j `kw, `g`-vigak`t pliagsgplidja sk`sk, wlidl kobrjdks tlkuìvkrsjaiso ge pliagsgplidja eirst pri`dipaks js j egu`mjtig`. ]lksk pjrjmicos dj`

tlk` iègro j`m nustiey j ogrk ogrja j`m pkjdkeua okjsurk, dgook`surjtk witl gtlkr wgram rkaicig`s.

9 Gtlkrs siopay jddkpt tlk vigak`dk. I` :99:, j Xjakstiìj` dgupak i` Jokridj wkrk

dg`vidtkm ge stjbbi`c tlkir mjucltkr tg mkjtl egr bki`c tgg wkstkrìskm. J ejoiayerik`m djok tg tlkir mkek`dk, kxdgrijti`c tlk nury egr `gt u`mkrstj`mi`c tlk ‑duaturk‟,dajioi`c tljt tlk ejtlkr wjs okrkay egaagwi`c ‑tlk rkaicig`‟ j`m sjyi`c tljt tlk dgupakljm tg ‑misdipai`k tlkir mjucltkr gr agsk rkspkdt‟6 skk sgurdk. I` 28:: u`rkpk`tj`tXjakstiìj` tkrrgrists, rkspg`sibak egr tlk brutja ourmkrs ge diviaij`s, wgok` j`mdliamrk` kxpaiditay i` tlk `jok ge Jaajl, wkrk trkjtkm tg j auxurigus ‑lgay piacriojck‟

tg Okddj by tlk Tjumi fi`c - witlgut j si`cak Ousaio vgidk rjiskm i` prgtkst.

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/28/us/terror-and-death-at-home-are-caught-in-fbi-tape.html?pagewanted=1


http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/63229/notorious-terrorists-among-prisoners-set-free-in-shalit-deal/







:2

mgw`pajy tlk rkaicigus ekjturks, tlkrkegrk, j`m ojfk tlk Isajoist

misti`dtig` ergo Isajo>

•

I` grmkr tg rkoji` g` cggm tkros witl wkjatly, sljrij akm stjtkssudl js Tjumi Jrjbij. :8

• Jvgim j`y sgdija u`rkst i` tlkir gw` dgu`triks bktwkk` tlk

i`mick`gus `g`-Ousaios j`m tlk Ousaio dgoouìtiks.

• ]g strkss tlk `kdkssity ge spkjfi`c i` j pgaitidjaay dgrrkdt ejslig`.

]lk jttitumk tk`ms tg siopaiey Isajo itskae, lgwkvkr, wlidl dg`tji`s bgtl

pgaitidja j`m rkaicigus kakok`ts. ]lk misti`dtig` eurtlkr ljostri`cs j`y

rkegro ge Isajo, by bajoi`c it g` sgoktli`c kask. It tlkrkegrk u`mkrduts

tlk prkssi`c `kkm egr rkegro witli` Isajo by slieti`c tlk bajok, wlk`

:8 I` tlk :<tl dk`tury, j pjdt bktwkk` Isajoid prkjdlkr Ouljoojm ib` Jbm ja- Sjlljb j`m j rkcig`ja koir, Ouljoojm bi` Tjum, brguclt j eikrdkay puritjìdjastrji` ge Tu`ì Isajo tg tlk @jnm rkcig` j`m tlk` tg tlk Jrjbij` Xkì`suaj. Rkekrrkm

tg by suppgrtkrs js ‑Tjajeiso‟ j`m by gtlkrs js ‑ Sjlljbiso‟, tlis i`tkrprktjtig` geIsajo bkdjok tlk stjtk rkaicig` j`m i`tkrprktjtig` ge Isajo kspguskm by Ouljoojm

bi` Tjum j`m lis suddkssgrs (tlk Ja Tjum ejoiay), wlg kvk`tujaay drkjtkm tlk ogmkr`fi`cmgo ge Tjumi Jrjbij i` :942. ]lk Tjumi cgvkròk`t ljs spk`t tk`s ge biaaig`s gemgaajrs ge its pktrgakuo kxpgrt rkvkùk tlrguclgut tlk Isajoid wgram j`m kaskwlkrkg` buiami`c ogsquks, pubaisli`c bggfs, civi`c sdlgajrslips j`m ekaagwslips, j`mlgsti`c i`tkr`jtig`ja Isajoid grcjìsjtig`s, tg prgogtk its egro ge Isajo, sgoktioksrkekrrkm tg js ‑pktrg-Isajo‟. Its ei`j`di`c ge ogrk skmitigus ojtkrijas ljs bkk`

vjrigusay jssksskm, but its eu`mjok`tjaist strji` ykt rkoji`s js j` i`spirjtig` j`mgrici`jtgr ge tlk ogrk vigak`t pkrspkdtivks.

Slktlkr Tjajeis/Sjlljbis jrk j ojngrity i` Tjumi Jrjbij is misputkm, witl g`kkstiojtk putti`c tlkir uobkr jt gày 22.9% ge tlk jtivk pgpuajtig` (dg`dk`trjtkm i`@jnm). ]lk Sjlljbi oissig` ljs bkk` mgoi`j`t i` @jnm egr twg lu`mrkm ykjrs, but iògst gtlkr pjrts ge tlk dgu`try ”Lknjz, tlk Kjstkr` Xrgvi`dk, @jnrj`”it ljsmgoi`jtkm gày si`dk :9:4-:92;. Ogst ge tlk :; tg 28 oiaaig` Tjumi ditizk`s jrk Tu`ìOusaios, wliak tlk kjstkr` rkcig`s jrk pgpuajtkm ogstay by ]wkavkr Tlij, j`m tlkrkjrk ^jymi Tlij i` tlk sgutlkr` rkcig`s. Jddgrmi`c tg j ùobkr ge sgurdks, gày joi`grity ge Tjumis dg`simkr tlkoskavks ‑ Sjlljbis‟, jatlgucl jddgrmi`c tg gtlkrsgurdks, tlk Sjlljbi jeeiaijtig` is up tg =8%, ojfi`c it j vkry mgoi`j`t oi`grity, jttlk vkry akjst usi`c j `jtivk pgpuajtig` ge :3 oiaaig` bjskm g` 288<-9 kstiojtks. I`j`y djsk, tlk kxt ajrckst jeeiaijtig` is imk`tieikm js Tjajei, wlidl k`dgopjssks jaa ge tlkdk`trja pri`dipaks ge Sjlljbiso, witl j ùobkr ge gày oi`gr jmmitig`ja jddkptkmpri`dipaks mieekrk`tijti`c tlk twg. Ck`krjaay, tlky jrk spgfk` ge sy`g`yogusay.



:4

Isajo is i` ejdt its i`spirjtig` j`m djusk. It is vkry oudl j djsk ge wkstkr`

pgaitidij`s stidfi`c tlkir lkjms i` tlk sj`m j`m ic`gri`c j ogu`ti`c

prgbako.

It rkquirks j` jmoissig` tljt Isajo itskae is tlk prgbako, wlidl i`vitks (by

tlk `jturk ge its jbsgautk j`m tlkgdrjtid vjauk systko) j sdliso witl tlk

ogrja rkajtiviso ge wkstkr` aibkrja mkogdrjdiks. It rkquirks j` jmoissig`

tljt witlgut j rkegro ge tlk pgaitidg-rkaicigus imkgagcy itskae, tlk prgbako

ge eu`mjok`tjaiso wiaa gày i`drkjsk i` j aibkrja prgcrkssivk sgdikty

i`dgopjtibak witl its jbsgautk, ogrk dg`skrvjtivk vjauks.

J` kxjopak ge tlk jttitumk ge tlk Skst bkdgoks jppjrk`t i` tlk aiclt ge

its rkspg`sk tg tlk sjtirisi`c ge tlk Xrgplkt tljt brguclt g` tlk Dljraik

Lkbmg ojssjdrk i` Xjris (28:;). Iookmijtkay ogst ge tlk okmij sguclt

tg dg`mko` tlk fiaai`cs js tlk jdtig`s ge tlk drjzkm Isajoists wlg ljm

‑`gtli`c tg mg witl Isajo‟. Sliast j sojaa ùobkr ge rjmidjas j`m Aketists

skrvkm js jpgagcists j`m sguclt tg wjaf j ei`k ai`k> dg`trjriay wjrì`c getlk mj`ckrs ge sjtirk i` dg`trjst tg tlk riclts ge erkk spkkdl, ykt jasg

skkfi`c tg durtjia it, sg js `gt tg geek`m Ousaios wlg egaagw tlk ejitl itskae.

@gtjbay i` jaa ge tlis djsticjtig` ge ‑Isajoiso‟, tlk wkstkr` okmij j`m

pgaitidij`s ajrckay ejiakm tg jmmrkss tlk kakplj`t i` tlk rggo> tlk prgbako

tljt Isajo’s prglibitig`s j`m vjauks pgsk tg tlk aibkrja j`m mkogdrjtid

erkkmgos ge tlk Skst.

J mieeiduat qukstig` tlkrkegrk `kkms tg bk jsfkm js tg wlktlkr tlkrk is

j`ytli`c i` tlk jdtig`s ge tlk jssjssi`s ge Lkbmg tljt nustieiks j`m

sj`dtig`s tlkir jdtig`s i` Isajo spkdieidjaay7 Gr is tlis siopay tlk djsk tljt

Isajo is i`mkkm j ‑rkaicig` ge pkjdk‟ j`m jdts ge vigak`dk jrk j sfkwkm

i`tkrprktjtig`, gr kvk` ljvk ‑`gtli`c jt jaa tg mg witl Isajo‟7 ]lk j`swkr

lkrk quitk siopay dj` bk egu`m i` tlk Isajoid tkxts> egr i` tlk Ljmitl (tlk



:=

Xrgplkt’s trjmitig`s) j`m Tirjl (lis bigcrjply) jddgu`ts ge tlk mj`ckrs ge

sjtirisi`c tlk Xrgplkt jrk civk`6 g`k kxjopak ge tlis bki`c ge j Nkwisl pgkt

Jslrje wlg g` sjtirisi`c tlk Xrgplkt wjs puìslkm egr lis driok.

G`k mjy wlk` tlk Xrgplkt wjs i` erg`t ge lis ok` lk jsfkm>

‑Slg wiaa fiaa Jslrje, wlg ljs geek`mkm Jaajl j`m lis Xrgplkt‟7

G`k ge lis egaagwkrs vgau`tkkrkm egr tlk tjsf, but gày ie lk dguam bk

crj`tkm pkroissig` tg mkdkivk lio i` grmkr tg jddgopaisl lis tjsf. ]lk

Xrgplkt jcrkkm. Jslrje wjs muay mkdkivkm j`m fiaakm egr tlk driok ge

sjtirisi`c tlk Xrgplkt. ]lk Xrgplkt js j dg`skquk`dk wjs wkaa pakjskm.

]lkrk jrk gtlkr kxjopaks tgg dg`dkrì`c mj`di`c ciras wlg wkrk jasg

dg`mko`km tg mkjtl egr sjtirisi`c tlk Xrgplkt.

Ièaidti`c mkjtl egr sjtirisi`c tlk Xrgplkt is (bjskm g` tlk tkxts) j rgak

ogmka ge `gros egr prjdtidi`c Ousaios j`m j` Isajoid jdt, jt akjst ie it is

tjfk` aitkrjaay. It is `gt siopay j` jdt by Isajoist kxtrkoists ’

oisu`mkrstj`mi`c ge tlk ejitl itskae, but j` i`tkrprktjtig` eu`mjok`tja tg

it. ]lis, tlkrkegrk, strk`ctlk`s tlk nustieidjtig` tljt sudl jdts ge bjrbjriso

jrk tlk trukst okjsurk ge wljt Isajo dgooj`ms. ]ljt tlky jrk bjskm g` j

listgrid prkdkmk`t, j`m tljt tlk eu`mjok`tjaists (tlk Isajoists) jrk tlk

truk bkaikvkrs, siopay bkdjusk tlky egaagw tlk kmidts i` tlk ogst aitkrja

wjy. I` sgok eu`mjok`tja sk`sk, tlk`, tlky truay egaagw tlk aiek j`m jdtsge tlk Xrgplkt lioskae, js tlk ogst pkrekdt kxjopak ge lgw tlky slguam

aivk tlkir gw` aivks.

Lgwkvkr, tlk mj`ckr ge mkvjaui`c tlk Isajoist misti`dtig` by diti`c sudl

j` kxjopak ge lgw j truk Ousaio slguam gr dguam jdt (civk` tlk

jpprgprijtk bajsplkoy) tk`ms tg tjrìsl tlk virtuks ge tlgsk pkjdkeua



:;

Ousaios wlg vikw sudl jdts witl lgrrgr tlkoskavks. It eurtlkr baurs tlk

misti`dtig` tljt>

•

Oj`y ‑Ousaios‟ jrk `goi`ja gr duaturja j`m mg `gt kobrjdk tlkejitl i` j`y euaa sk`sk.

• Tgok pkrspkdtivks, sudl js tlk Tueis gr Jlojmiyyj, prgvimk j ogrk

spiritujaiskm, pkjdkeua i`tkrprktjtig`, kvk` ie tlky jrk i` j

oi`grity.::

:: Tueiso, f`gw` js tjsjwwue i` tlk Jrjbid-spkjfi`c wgram, is j egro ge Isajoidoystidiso tljt kopljsisks i`trgspkdtig` j`m spirituja dagsk`kss witl Cgm. Sliak it issgoktioks oisu`mkrstggm js j skdt ge Isajo, it is jdtujaay j brgjmkr styak ge wgrsliptljt trj`sdk`ms skdts, mirkdti`c egaagwkrs’ jttk`tig` i`wjrm. Tuei prjdtidk egdusks g`tlk rkù`dijtig` ge wgramay tli`cs, purieidjtig` ge tlk sgua j`m tlk oystidjadg`tkopajtig` ge Cgm’s `jturk. Egaagwkrs try tg ckt dagskr tg Cgm by skkfi`c spiritujaakjrì`c f`gw` js tjriqj. Egr j tiok, bkci`ì`c i` tlk :2tl dk`tury, Tueiso wjs joji`stjy ge tlk sgdija grmkr egr Isajoid diviaisjtig`, j`m si`dk tljt tiok it ljs sprkjmtlrguclgut tlk Ousaio wgram. Jakxj`mkr M. F`ysl, j prgekssgr ge Isajoid stumiks jttlk [ìvkrsity ge Oidlicj` j`m kxpkrt i` ogmkr` Tueiso, mksdribks it js j ‑vkry wimk,jogrplgus ogvkok`t‟ prjdtidkm witli` bgtl tlk Tu`ì j`m Tliitk trjmitig`s.

]lk Jlojmiyyj ogvkok`t wjs egu`mkm i` :<<9.]lk Tix jrtidaks ge Isajoid Ejitl j`mtlk Eivk Xiaajrs ge Isajo dg`stitutk tlk bjsis ge Jlojmi bkaike j`m prjdtidk. Aifkwisk,

Jlojmis jddkpt tlk Zurj` js tlkir lgay tkxt, ejdk tlk Fjjbj muri`c prjykr, egaagw tlksu``jl (`grojtivk prjdtidk ge Ouljoojm) j`m jddkpt tlk jutlgrity ge tlk jljmitl(si`c. ljmitl6 rkpgrtkm sjyi`cs ge j`m jrrjtig`s jbgut Ouljoojm). I` tlk mkrivjtig`ge Jlojmi mgdtri`k j`m prjdtidk, tlk Zurj` ljs suprkok jutlgrity egaagwkm by tlksu``jl j`m tlk ljmitl. Zurjìd ruai`cs dj``gt bk gvkrruakm by j`y gtlkr skdg`mjrygr kxpaj`jtgry sgurdk. Ie j ljmitl is egu`m tg bk i` ojìekst dgèaidt witl tlk Zurj`j`m mkeiks jaa pgssibak keegrts jt ljrogìzjtig`, it is rknkdtkm rkcjrmakss ge tlkdajssieidjtig` ge its jutlk`tidity. ]lkir jddkptj`dk ge tlk jutlgrity ge tlk egur RicltayCuimkm djaipls (suddkssgrs) js akcitiojtk akjmkrs ge tlk Ousaio dgoouìty egaagwi`cOuljoojm’s mkjtl j`m tlkir bkaike tljt j djaipl `kkm `gt bk j mksdk`mj`t geOuljoojm eu`mjok`tjaay jaic`s Jlojmis witl tlk Tu`ì trjmitig` ge Isajo rjtlkrtlj` witl tlk Tli'j trjmitig`. I` ojttkrs ge eiql (Isajoid nurisprumk`dk), Jlojmisrknkdt stridt jmlkrk`dk (tjqaim) tg j`y pjrtiduajr sdlgga ge tlguclt (ojmlljb), civi`cegrkogst prkdkmk`dk tg tlk Zurj` j`m su``jl, but usujaay bjsk tlkir ruai`cs g` tlkLj`jei oktlgmgagcy i` djsks wlkrk tlksk sgurdks ajdf dakjr kajbgrjtig`. Sljtkssk`tijaay misti`cuislks Jlojmi Ousaios ergo gtlkr Ousaios is tlkir bkaike i` OirzjCluajo Jlojm, tlk egu`mkr ge tlk ogvkok`t, js bgtl tlk prgoiskm Ojlmi (CuimkmG`k) j`m Okssijl egrktgam by Ouljoojm tg jppkjr i` tlk k`m tioks.



:5

]lk Isajo Isajoiso misti`dtig` it skkos is rjtlkr jrtieidija j`m

u`sjtisejdtgry. I` oj`y rkspkdts it ljs bkk` dg`nurkm up by j wkstkr`

aibkrja pkrspkdtivk. It is g`k bjskm ogrk g` j mksirk egr wljt tlk Skst

wguam aifk Isajo tg bk, rjtlkr tlj` j` lg`kst jmoissig` ge tlk rkjaity ge

its pgaitidja jios j`m uatiojtk gbnkdtivks. ]lk misti`dtig`, i` oj`y

rkspkdts, kvk` jddk`tujtks j`m kxjdkrbjtks dgèaidti`c pkrspkdtivks by

prgvimi`c j` gvkray siopaistid mkeiìtig` ge tlk k`koy. J` k`koy tljt is

sgoktioks `gt kvk` dgrrkdtay imk`tieikm gr `jokm muk tg pgaitidja

dgrrkdt`kss. ]lis eurtlkr tk`ms tg ljopkr rkdgcìtig` ge tlk `jturk ge

wljt Isajo i` sgok pkrspkdtivks is j`m prkdiskay wljt j ogrk wimksprkjmtlrkjt dguam k`tjia.

]lk prgbakos i`lkrk`t witl tlk usk ge sudl j misti`dtig` oiclt prgvgfk

sgok tg skkf j`gtlkr tkro> ‑Xgaitidja Isajo‟. ]lis jdf`gwakmcks tlk

]lk jok Jlojmiyyj wjs `gt jmgptkm u`tia jbgut j mkdjmk ajtkr. I` j ojìekstg mjtkm= @gvkobkr :988, Oirzj Cluajo Jlojm kxpaji`km tljt tlk `jok mim `gt rkekr tg

lioskae but tg Jlojm, tlk jatkr`jtivk `jok ge Ouljoojm. ]lk okjì`c ge tlk `jokOuljoojm”"tlk ogst prjiskm g`k‟”i`midjtkm tlk cagrigus mksti`y j`m crj`mkur getlk prgplkt tljt wjs ojìekst jetkr lis oicrjtig` tg Okmi`j6 but Jlojm wlidl okj`s‑liclay prjiskm‟ j`m jasg ‑g`k wlg prjisks tlk ogst‟, dg`vkykm tlk bkjuty ge lisskrog`s, tlk pkjdk tljt lk wjs mksti`km tg kstjbaisl, j`m tlk qujaitiks ge pkrskvkrj`dkj`m egrbkjrj`dk tljt egu`m pjrtiduajr kopljsis muri`c lis kjraikr aiek jt Okddj.

Jddgrmi`cay, tlk twg `joks rkeakdtkm twg jspkdts gr ogmjaitiks ge Isajo. ]lk ajttkrjspkdt dgooj`mi`c crkjtkr jttk`tig` i` ajtkr tioks.

]lk Gam ]kstjok`t ljm prgplksikm j okssk`ckr aifk u`tg Ogsks, i` rkekrk`dk tgOuljoojm, wliak jddgrmi`c tg tlk Zurj` 5:>5, Nksus uskm tlk kajtivk egro Jlojm

wlk` rkekrri`c tg tljt okssk`ckr, si`dk it ogrk dagskay rkeakdtkm lis gw` mispgsitig`j`m oissig`. Eurtlkr, lis rkjmi`c ge Zurj` =<>29 wjs tljt Ogsks, wlg lioskaedljrjdtkriskm pgwkr j`m cagry, mksdribkm Ouljoojm j`m tlgsk witl lio jsu`yikami`c jcji`st tlk misbkaikvkrs j`m tk`mkr jog`c tlkoskavks wlidl dgopgrtkm

witl tlk `jok Ouljoojm j`m witl tlk kjray Ousaios wlg jdlikvkm swiet oiaitjrysuddkssks jcji`st tlkir gpprkssgrs, wliak Nksus, wlgsk aiek dg`sistkm purkay geprkjdli`c j`m i`vgavkm `gtli`c ge eiclti`c, mksdribkm tlko js aifk u`tg j skkm-prgmudk tljt sk`ms egrtl its sprgut, tlk` ojfks it strg`c6 it tlk` bkdgoks tlidf j`mstj`ms eiro g` its stko. ]lis ajttkr mksdriptig` wlidl, jddgrmi`c tg lio, dgopgrtkm

witl tlk `jok Jlojm, succkstkm j crjmuja, okjsurkm j`m pkjdkeua kokrck`dk j`mi`tiojtkm j`gtlkr dgoouìty ge Ousaios> tlgsk witl tlk prgoiskm Ojlmi, tlkdgu`tkrpjrt ge Nksus i` tlk ajttkr tioks.



:3

kxtrkok j`m rjmidja tkrrgrist kakok`ts witli` tlk dgrk ejitl itskae. Ykt tlis

mkei`itig` itskae is tgg wimk j djtkcgry. It tk`ms tg baur misti`dtig`s ge wljt

sljrij prjdtidk slguam gr dguam k`tjia. I` mgi`c sg, it jasg rjtlkr tk`ms tg

tjr Isajo witl j` Isajoist brusl> js it tk`ms tg baur tlk mieekrk`t oktlgms

uskm tg jdlikvk pgaitidja gbnkdtivks i` sljrij akm stjtks, js misti`dt ergo tlk

tkrrgrist i`surck`diks. It tk`ms tg mistgrt imkjs ge wljt dg``gtks ejitl-

bjskm prjdtidk j`m tlk mieekrk`t pgaitidja iopakok`tjtig`s ge wljt tlk

sljrij dguam k`tjia i` vjrigus Ousaio ojngrity stjtks jrgu`m tlk wgram.

Jt tlk k`m ge tlk mjy, tlk krrg`kgus, rjtlkr rlktgridja misti`dtig`,

bktwkk` Isajo j`m Isajoiso, jatlgucl bki`c j dauosy g`k, is `kvkrtlkakss

j `kdkssjry g`k, wljtkvkr its ejuats. It skkfs tg prgtkdt tlk `goi`ja

Ousaios ergo bkdgoi`c sdjpkcgjts j`m tjrckts ge jdts ge vigak`dk by tlk

`g`-bkaikvkrs, wliast it jasg kopljsisks tlk ogrk spirituja j`m pkjdkeua

mkvkagpok`ts ge tlk ogrk ogmkrjtk Isajoid bkaikvkrs. ]lk prgbako,

lgwkvkr, is wliast it skrvks tg prgtkdt `goi`ja j`m ogmkrjtk prjdtidi`c

Ousaios witli` wkstkr` sgdiktiks ergo xk`gplgbid jbusk, it jasg rjtlkr

drkjtks j ejask skpjrjtig` by ajrckay ejiai`c tg jdf`gwakmck tlk mgdtri`ja

j`m dgrk imkgagcidja bkaikes tljt sustji` Isajoiso, but wlidl jrk sgok ge

tlk oji` paj`fs ge tlk Isajoid ejitl itskae.:2 I` tlis jasg, tlk oji`strkjo

:2 ]lk ogrk ck`krja tkro ‑Xgaitidja Isajo‟ tg mk`gtk tkrrgriso, aifk Isajoiso, ismkeidik`t. It okrkay strk`ctlk`s tlk iopaidjtig` tljt tkrrgrist jdts dj` i` sgok sk`sk

bk nustieikm u`ivkrsjaay by tlk ejitl i` tlk sljrij. ]lk mj`ckr jcji` is it civks risk tgxk`gplgbij tgwjrms Ousaios wlgaksjak by tlgsk tljt mg `gt skkf tlk subtaktiks ge jmisti`dtig`. Egr `gt jaa Ousaios jmvgdjtk jaa tlk tk`kts j`m prjdtidk ge tlk sljrij,jatlgucl tlky oiclt jmvgdjtk sgok, egr kxjopak i` rkspkdt tg ei`j`dija prjdtidk, grojrrijck dgu`skaai`c. ]lk usk ge tlk tkros ‑Rjmidja Isajo‟ gr ‑Niljmi Isajo‟ jrk akssprgbakojtid i` tlis dg`tkxt, but `gt uskm i` tlk okmij getk` k`gucl. Ogrk prkvjak`t istlk usk ge tlk tkro ‑Niljmist‟ tg mk`gtk tlk tkrrgrists. But sudl j tkro itskae rjtlkric`grks tlk mgdtri`ja vigak`dk i`lkrk`t witli` Isajo itskae js tjuclt i` tlk Zur’j`. ]lkusk ge tlk rjtlkr jrtieidija tkro ‑Isajoist‟ jt akjst mk`gtks sgok ai`f tg Isajo, kvk` ie



:<

tgg getk` is dgèajtkm witl tlk ogmkrjtk, j`m tlk prjdtidk ge Isajo itskae is

tgg rkjmiay dgèajtkm witl tlk `g`-prjdtidi`c `goi`ja. Bksimks wlidl,

wljt prkdiskay k`tjias ‑ogmkrjtig`‟ j`m ‑oji`strkjo‟ i` Isajo itskae is

gpk` tg ricgrgus misputk j`m mkbjtk. Gvkr j`m jbgvk tlk ejdt tljt wljt

oiclt wkaa bk j` jdtivk prjdtitig`kr i` tlk Isajoid oji`strkjo is `gt

`kdkssjriay j ‑ogmkrjtk‟ rkajtivk tg tlk vjauks ge wljt ogmkrjtig` slguam

k`tjia i` tlk Skst. I`mkkm, i` tlis dg`tkxt, tlk truay ogmkrjtk prjdtitig`kr

is g`k getk` i`dgopjtibak witl wkstkr` vjauks> ie sudl vjauks jrk mkei`km

js k`tjiai`c ogrja rkajtiviso j`m wkstkr` aibkrjaiso. I` tlis sk`sk,

tlkrkegrk, Ousaios wlg jrk egaagwkrs ge tlk sljrij j`m tlk ejitl, dguamkvk` bk vikwkm js rjmidja tlkoskavks, jt akjst i` tlk brgjmkr sk`sk ge tljt

tkro, js tlkir bkaikes pajdk tlko g` tlk eri`cks ge wkstkr`, skduajr,

mkogdrjtid sgdiktiks.

Eu`mjok`tjaiso i` Isajo

Ge tlk ogrk rjmidja pkrspkdtivks, wlidl kvk` sg jrk vkry oudl j`

ièauk`dk g` oji`strkjo Isajo tgmjy, Tjajeiso (gr Sjlljbiso js it ljs

bkk` sgoktioks tkrokm) is g`k ge tlk ogst eu`mjok`tja. Ykt it jasg

pjrjmgxidjaay g`k ge tlk i`tkrprktjtig`s dg`trjriay jddkptkm by tlk Skst.Oj`y ge tlk stridt j`m uìquk prjdtidks i` Tjumi Jrjbij egr kxjopak dgok

ergo tlis egro ge Tu`ì Isajo, `jokm jetkr tlk prkjdlkr j`m sdlgajr

sgok ic`grj`t pgaitidij`s j`m Ousaios witl i`si`dkrk jck`mj mrjw tlk ejask dajio itis jaik` tg tlk dgrk kmidts ge Isajo itskae.



:9

Ouljoojm ib` Jbm ja-Sjlljb.:4 Dritids getk` mksdribk tlis js

‑puritjìdja‟, ‑i`tgakrj`t‟ gr ‑uatrj-dg`skrvjtivk‟. Lgwkvkr, its jmvgdjtks

nustiey its tkjdli`cs js j ‑purieidjtig` ge tlk prjdtidk ge Isajo‟.:=

Tjajeiso is j eu`mjok`tja, grtlgmgx j`m vkry aitkrja jpprgjdl.:; J`y

ogmkrìsi`c i``gvjtig`s, gr ogrk aibkrja prjdtidks, tljt mkvijtk ergo tlk

skvk`tl-dk`tury tkjdli`cs ge tlk prgplkt Ouljoojm, jrk rkcjrmkm witl

suspidig`. I`mkkm, i` oj`y i`stj`dks tlky jrk kvk` mkkokm lkrktidja. It

:4 Xrgpg`k`ts dg`simkr tlk `jok ‑Sjlljbiso‟ mkrgcjtgry, prkekrri`c tlk tkroTjajeiyyj, jetkr tlk kjray Ousaios f`gw` js tlk Tjaje.

:= J` kxjopak ge its i`tgakrj`dk bki`c i` its jttitumk tg tlk Jlojmiyyj, wlidl is j sojaapkrskdutkm Isajoid skdt i` Tjumi Jrjbij. ]lkrk jrk `g jddurjtk eicurks egr tlk ùobkrge Jlojmi i` Tjumi Jrjbij, but Jlojmis jrk geeidijaay bj``km ergo k`tkri`c tlkdgu`try j`m jrk bjrrkm ergo pkregroi`c tlk piacriojck tg Okddj. ]lis ljs akm tgdritidisos ergo ouatipak luoj` riclts grcjìsjtig`s. ]lky jrk priojriay egrkic`

wgrfkrs ergo I`mij j`m Xjfistj` j`m sgok ergo gtlkr dgu`triks. J` i`drkjsi`cùobkr ge Tjumi ditizk`s imk`tiey js Jlojmis. Lgwkvkr, si`dk tlk Jlojmiyyj ejitl is

bj``km i` tlk dgu`try, tlkrk jrk `g Jlojmi ogsquks. Jlojmis ck`krjaay cjtlkrtgcktlkr i` privjtk prgpkrtiks egr tlkir mjiay prjykrs, tlkrkby aioiti`c kxpgsurk tg tlkagdja jutlgritiks

:; ]lis pkrspkdtivk wjs tlk rksuat ge imk`tieyi`c tlk `kkm egr j rkegro ge Isajo itskae.]lk rkegro lgwkvkr wjs j rknkdtig` ge aibkrja j`m ogmkrìsi`c ièauk`dks j`m sguclttg kobrjdk j ogrk dg`skrvjtivk j`m trjmitig`ja grici`ja pkrspkdtivk. Ib` Jbm-ja-

Sjlljb jttjdfkm j ‑pkrdkivkm ogrja mkdai`k j`m pgaitidja wkjf`kss‟ i` tlk Jrjbij`Xkì`suaj j`m dg`mko`km wljt lk pkrdkivkm js imgajtry, tlk pgpuajr duat ge sji`ts,j`m slri`k j`m tgob visitjtig`. [àifk tlk rkegros prgpgskm i` tlis misskrtjtig`lgwkvkr tljt prgpgsk ogrk dgopjtibiaity witl wkstkr` vjauks, Tjajeiso sguclt tgjeeiro tlk grici`ja tlkgagcidja pkrspkdtivk ge Isajo. ]lis vikw jeeiros tlk prk-koi`k`dk ge j aitkrja rkjmi`c ge tlk Zur’j` j`m rims Isajo ge tlk trjmitig`s ge kvgavi`cpliagsgplidja pkrspkdtivks, j prgcrkssig` tlis jutlgr mkkos `kdkssjry egr ogmkr`rkegros tg eagurisl.

]lk okssjck ge tlk sdlgga wjs tlk kssk`tija g`k`kss ge Cgm (tjwlim) j`m is tlkrkegrkf`gw` by its jmlkrk`ts js jm mjwj aia tjwlim (tlk djaa tg uìty) j`m tlgsk wlg egaagwtlk djaa js jla jt tjwlim (tlk pkgpak ge uìty) gr ouwjllimu` (uìtjrij`s). ]lk sdlggaputs j` kopljsis g` egaagwi`c tlk Jtljri sdlgga ge tlguclt. Ib` Jbm-ja-Sjlljb, bki`cièauk`dkm by tlk writi`cs ge Ib` ]jyoiyyj, Lk qukstig`km tlk pliagsgplidjai`tkrprktjtig`s ge Isajo witli` tlk Jsl’jri j`m Ojturimi sdlggas, rkayi`c g` tlk Zur’j` j`m tlk Ljmitl witlgut spkduajtivk pliagsgply. Lk mim tlis sg js tg `gt trj`scrkss

bkyg`m tlk aioits ge tlk kjray Ousaios, jasg f`gw` js tlk Tjaje. ]lk rksuat tlkrkegrkljs bkk` j ogrk aitkrja j`m eu`mjok`tja grtlgmgxy, wlidl egrbims aittak prgcrkssivkmkvkagpok`t i` tkros ge jaakcgridja, luojìtjrij` gr spirituja pkrspkdtivks. It egstkrsj` i`drkjsi`c mgcojtiso j`m eu`mjok`tjaiso i` ejitl j`m prjdtisk.



28

ljs, tlkrkegrk, bkk` j skkm-bkm egr eu`mjok`tjaist pkrspkdtivks j`m

tlk`dk tkrrgriso by its vkry ktlgs.

]lk prkoisk ge tlis rjmidja imkgagcy wjs tg rknkdt tlk mkvkagpi`ctrjmitig`jaiso i` sdlgajrslip j`m prjdtidk u`mkr tlk cuisk ge ‑rkvivi`c tlk

truk tk`kts ge Isajo‟. ]g tlis k`m, it sguclt tg prgtkdt tlk dg`dkpt ge

og`gtlkiso.

Ib` Jbm ja-Sjlljb’s brj`m ge ‑purieidjtig`‟, tlkrkegrk, rkdgook`mkm

prglibiti`c oj`y jdts ge wgrslip j`m pliagsgplidja i`tkrprktjtig`s tljt

ljm mkvkagpkm ergo Isajo, but by tlis tiok ljm bkdgok pjrt ge tlk

‑trjmitig`‟ ge wljt Isajo wjs mkkokm tg bk. I` tlis, lk kvk` jmvgdjtkm tlk

burì`c ge tlk bggfs dg`tjiì`c tlk trjmitig`ja prjykrs j`m pliagsgplidja

i`tkrprktjtig`s ge ajws j`m dgook`tjriks g` tlk Zur’j` j`m Ljmitl tljt

ljm mkvkagpkm ergo tlk grici`ja writi`cs. I` tlis ck`krja mismji` egr tlk

mkvkagpok`t ge j ‑trjmitig`‟, ogrkgvkr, lk k`dgurjckm lis egaagwkrs tg

i`tkrprkt tlk lgay bggfs egr tlkoskavks j`m tg jdt ogrk ck`krjaay i` tlkaiclt ge tlkir gw` u`mkrstj`mi`c. But tlis kopljsis g` i`mivimujaiso,

rjtlkr gvkraggfkm tlk dlj`dk ge j`y ogmkrìsi`c trk`m itskae. J trk`m tljt

dguam `jturjaay jrisk ergo j pkrsg`ja ic`grj`dk ge wljt oiclt dg`stitutk

tlk ‑eu`mjok`tja‟ j`m ‑grtlgmgx‟ pri`dipaks. J`yg`k wlg mim `gt jddkpt

tlis jpprgjdl wjs, i` j`y djsk, dg`simkrkm gutsimk ge tlk rkjao ge Isajo>

j` jpgstjtk, misbkaikvkr gr imgajtkr, but its kopljsis g` pkrsg`ja

rkspg`sibiaity jasg rjtlkr i`vitkm j mj`ckrgus tk`mk`dy tg `kw rjmidja

pkrspkdtivks itskae. It ljs, i` j`y djsk, ojmk tlk slkmmi`c ge baggm j`m

dgèisdjtig` ge wkjatl nustieijbak jcji`st tlgsk tljt ljvk rkeuskm tg

kobrjdk tlk ogrk grtlgmgx ktlgs it dljopig`km. Its akcjdy ljs bkk`

skdurkm i` dkrtji` gia ridl stjtks, wlgsk gw` prjdtidks j`m pkrspkdtivks

rktji` Tjajeist ekjturks, ykt skkf tg mistj`dk tlkoskavks ergo tlk kvk`

ogrk grtlgmgx, vigak`t pkrspkdtivks it prgpjcjtks j`m sustji`s



2:

(pjrjmgxidjaay) tlrgucl its ktlgs j`m og`ky i` g`k egro gr j`gtlkr tg tlis

mjy.:5

Mivimkm vikws g` sdlgajray jutlgrity

]lk dg`trjmidtig` bktwkk` i`mivimujaiso j`m listgridja jutlk`tidity akm

i`kvitjbay tg mivimkm vikws. I` akcja ojttkrs, Tjajeis bkdjok mivimkm

bktwkk` tlgsk wlg, i` tlk `jok ge i`mkpk`mk`t akcja numckok`t (intiljm),

rknkdt stridt jmlkrk`dk (tjqaim) tg tlk egur sdlggas ge ajw (ojmljlib) j`m

gtlkrs wlg rkoji`km ejitleua tg tlko. Tjajei sdlgajrs ergo Tjumi Jrjbij

jrk ck`krjaay bgu`m by Lj`bjai eiql j`m jmvgdjtk egaagwi`c j` Iojo,

rjtlkr tlj` ljvi`c i`mivimujas try tg i`tkrprkt j`m u`mkrstj`m sdripturk

jag`k. But, gtlkr Tjajei sdlgajrs bkaikvk tljt tjqaim is uàjweua. Ergo tlkir

pkrspkdtivk, Ousaios wlg egaagw j ojmljb witlgut skjrdli`c pkrsg`jaay

egr mirkdt kvimk`dk ojy bk akm jstrjy.:3

Tjumi akjmkrslip tgmjy mgks `gt kopljsisk itskae js tlk i`lkritgr ge tlk

Tjajei akcjdy, `gr mg tlk mksdk`mj`ts ge Ouljoojm ib` Jbm ja Sjlljb,

:5 Ib` Jbm ja-Sjlljb, egrokm j` jaaij`dk witl ib` ja-Tjum i` :3== tljt jaagwkm Ib` ja-Tjum dg`trga gvkr oiaitjry, pgaitidja, j`m kdg`goid ojttkrs j`m Ib` Jbm ja-Sjlljbrkspg`sibiaity egr rkaicigus dg`dkr`s. ]lk jaaij`dk rksuatkm i` egu`mjtig` ge tlk eirstTjumi my`jsty j`m stjtk j`m rkoji`s tlk bjsis egr Tjumi ruak tgmjy. Tgok rgcukeu`mjok`tjaists gpkày dajio i`spirjtig` ergo tlk ogvkok`t lk egu`mkm.

:3 Tjajeis bkaikvk tljt tlk Zur’j`, tlk Ljmitl j`m tlk dg`sk`sus (inoj) ge jpprgvkmsdlgajrslip (uajoj), jag`c witl tlk u`mkrstj`mi`c ge tlk Tjaje us-sjail, jrk sueeidik`tcuimj`dk egr tlk i`mivimuja Ousaio. ]lk Tjajei mj’wj is j oktlgmgagcy, but it is `gt jojml’ljb i` eiql (nurisprumk`dk) js is dgoogày oisu`mkrstggm. Tjajeis ojy bkièauk`dkm by tlk Ojaifi, Tljei’i, Lj`bjai gr tlk Lj`jei sdlggas ge Tu`ì eiql.

Tjajeis ck`krjaay pajdk crkjt kopljsis g` prjdtidi`c jdtig`s i` jddgrmj`dk witl tlkf`gw` su``jl, gt gày i` prjykr, but i` kvkry jdtivity i` mjiay aiek. Egr i`stj`dk, oj`yjrk djrkeua jawjys tg usk tlrkk ei`ckrs wlk` kjti`c, tg mri`f wjtkr i` tlrkk pjusks, j`mtg lgam it witl tlk riclt lj`m wliak sitti`c.



22

tlk Ja jsl Tljyfl, lgam tlk liclkst pgsts i` tlk rkaicigus burkjudrjdy.

Tjajei ièauk`dk i` Tjumi Jrjbij, lgwkvkr, ljs rkoji`km tj`cibak i` tlk

plysidja dgègroity i` mrkss, i` pubaid mkpgrtok`t j`m i` pubaid prjykr.

Ogst sicìeidj`tay, tlk akcjdy is ojìekst i` tlk sgdija ktlgs tljt prksuokm

cgvkròk`t rkspg`sibiaity egr tlk dgaakdtivk grmkri`c ge sgdikty, ergo tlk

bkljvigur ge i`mivimujas, tg i`stitutig`s, tg busi`kssks, tg tlk cgvkròk`t

itskae. ]lis ge dgursk jasg rkquirks j rjtlkr grtlgmgx i`tkrprktjtig` ge

sljrij, kvk` ie it is stiaa prjdtidkm i` j ajrckay u`dgmieikm akcja egro. :<

Jddgrmi`c tg g`k sgurdk (Ttkplk` Tdlwjrtz i` ]lk @jtig`ja Rkvikw

Gài`k) `g ogrk tlj` =8% ge Tjumi `jtig`jas dg`simkr tlkoskavks Tjajei.

]lkir oissig` lgwkvkr ljs bkk` mgoi`j`t i` ogst ge tlk dk`trja rkcig` ge

@jnm egr twg lu`mrkm ykjrs. I` ogst gtlkr pjrts ge tlk dgu`try it ljs

mgoi`jtkm si`dk :9:4. :9

:< Tjumi Jrjbij bjsks its akcja systko g` sljrij ajws mkrivkm ergo tlk Zurj` j`mTu``jl ge Xrgplkt Ouljoojm. Tljrij jasg i`daumks tlk Isajoid sdlgajray dg`sk`sus

wlidl is i`tkrprktkm by tlk dgu`try’s numcks. Tljrij ljs bkk` jmgptkm i` Tjumi Jrjbiji` j` u`dgmieikm egro. Tljrij is jasg suppakok`tkm by rkcuajtig`s issukm by rgyjamkdrkks wlidl put i`tg dg`simkrjtig` tlk ogmkr` issuks sudl js i`tkaakdtuja prgpkrtyj`m dgrpgrjtk ajws. Tljrij rkoji`s tlk uatiojtk jutlgrity i` Tjumi Jrjbij witl Zur’j`j`m Tu``jl jmgptkm js tlk dg`stitutig`. Lgwkvkr, tlk u`dgmieikm ajws getk` akjm tgdg`simkrjbak vjrijtig` i` i`tkrprktjtig` j`m jppaidjtig`. Dgurt numcks getk` rkekr tgtlk six okmikvja tkxts ergo Lj`bjai sdlgga bkegrk ojfi`c j ruai`c. ]lk prgdkss gedgmieidjtig` ljs bkcu`, but it is j sagw prgdkss tg mjtk. Tjumi numcks jrk sjim tg bk

wkjry ge j`y dgmk tljt wguam iopi`ck tlkir i`mkpk`mk`dk tg jppay tlkir gw` akcjarkjsgì`c (intiljm). Lgwkvkr, sgok Tjumis sjy tljt drkjti`c ogrk trj`spjrk`dy j`mprkmidtjbiaity i` tlk akcja prgdkss wiaa `gt wkjfk` tlk ruak ge tlk sljrij i` tlk akcjasystko. Dgmieidjtig` "is j oust tg civk dajrity j`m rkmudk jobicuity" i` numidijajppaidjtig` ge ajws, sjim tlk Riyjml-bjskm Tjumi ajwykr Ogljoojm ja Mljbjj`.]lkrk is g rkjsg`, lk jmmkm, wly tlk kw dgmk dj``gt "bk :88 pkr dk`t i` dgopaij`dk

witl Tljrij".

:9 ]lk kjstkr` rkcig` ljs oj`y ]wkavkr Tlijs, tlk sgutlkr` rkcig`s ge Tjumi Jrjbijljs oj`y ^jymi Tlijs. ]lk Linjz rkcig` ljs ag`c ljm j ogrk paurjaistid trjmitig`. ]lksgutlwkst rkcig` ge Jsir is f`gw` egr its egaagwkrs ge j agdja akjmkr, Imris, rkvkrkm byoj`y js j Tuei sji`t, j dajio wlidl Sjlljbiso gppgsks. Jddgrmi`c tg g`k kstiojtk byOidljka Oklrmjm Izjmy, ‑usi`c duaturja j`m `gt dgèkssig`ja dritkrij‟, tlkrk jrk =.4oiaaig` (2;%) Tlij, = oiaaig` (24%) Sjlljbi, 9 oiaaig` (;2%) `g`-Sjlljbi Tu`ìs



24

J` kstiojtkm :;% ge ditizk`s i` Tjumi Jrjbij jrk Tlij Ousaios, ogst ge

wlgo jrk jmlkrk`ts tg ]wkavkr Tlij Isajo. ]wkavkrs jrk prkmgoi`j`tay

rkprksk`tkm by tlk Bjljr`j dgoouìty aivi`c i` tlk Kjstkr` Xrgvi`dk,

witl tlk ajrckst dg`dk`trjtig`s i` Zjtie, Ja-Ljsj, j`m Mjoojo. I`

jmmitig`, tlkrk is j sojaa ]wkavkr Tlij oi`grity i` Okmi`j (djaakm tlk

@jfljwiaj). Tizjbak ^jymi j`m Isoj’iai dgoouìtiks jasg aivk i` @jnrj`

jag`c tlk bgrmkr witl Ykok`.

Tlij, luoj` riclts crgups j`m gtlkr gbskrvkrs, ljvk dgopaji`km ge

systkojtid misdrioi`jtig` ge Tlij i` Tjumi Jrjbij i` rkaicig`, kmudjtig`,

nustidk, j`m kopagyok`t. [àifk gtlkr dgu`triks witl sizjbak Tlij

pgpuajtig`s (sudl js Irjq j`m Akbj`g`), Tjumi Jrjbij ljs `g Tlij djbi`kt

oiìstkrs, ojygrs gr pgaidk dlikes. Tlij jrk fkpt gut ge sk`sitivk ngbs i` tlk

jrokm egrdks j`m tlk skdurity skrvidks, j`m `gt g`k ge tlk tlrkk lu`mrkm

Tlij ciras’ sdlggas i` tlk Kjstkr` Xrgvi`dk ljs j Tlij pri`dipja. I` tlk

Kjstkr` prgvi`dks ge Tjumi Jrjbij tlkrk jrk Tlij dgurts wlg mkja witl

djsks g` ojrrijck, mivgrdk j`m i`lkritj`dk. Tlij mkog`strjtig`s i` Zjtie

ljvk sgoktioks akm tg dgèaidt witl Tu`ì Tjumi rkaicigus jutlgritiks, wlg

misjpprgvk ge Tlij dgookogrjtig`s ojrfi`c tlk ojrtyrmgo ge Lusski`

ib` Jai by tlk Tu`ì Djaipl Yjzim I.

Ogrk ck`krjaay, rjmidjaiso i` vjrigus egros ljs ojmk sicìeidj`t i`rgjms

i` skvkrja dgu`triks ge Dk`trja Jsij j`m i` tlk Djudjsus - i` pjrtiduajr tlk

tlrkk dgu`triks tljt sljrk tlk Ekrclj`j Ujaaky, `jokay [zbkfistj`,

Fyrcyzstj` j`m ]jnifstj`, Dlkdl`yj, j`m tlk Russij` Rkpubaid ge

Mjclkstj`. I` tlis, Tjajeiso pgsks j mirkdt dljaak`ck. It rkprksk`ts j

skrigus dljaak`ck tg tlk tlkgagcy j`m prjdtidk ge Tu`ì Isajo tg wlidl

i` Tjumi Jrjbij. ]wg dritids ge Sjlljbiso (Jai Ja-Jlokm j`m Ttkplk` Tdlwjrtz), jasgcivk j rkajtivkay licl kstiojtk ge tlk `g`-Sjlljbi pgpuajtig` ge Tjumi Jrjbij”gvkr58%.



2=

ogst ge tlksk `jtig`s durrk`tay jmlkrk. Tlguam tlis rjmidja u`mkrstj`mi`c

ge Isajo dg`tiùk tg sprkjm u`dlkdfkm, it dguam tlrkjtk` sgdija stjbiaity jt

tlk agdja, `jtig`ja, j`m rkcig`ja akvkas j`m drkjtk skrigus ckgpgaitidja

mj`ckrs.

]lk tkrrgrist strji` i` Tjajeiso

]gmjy, tlrguclgut tlk wgram, tlkrk ljs bkk` j wjvk ge rjmidja ogvkok`ts,

wlidl sgoktioks tur` oiaitj`t, wlgsk grici`s dj` bk trjdkm tg Tjajeiso.

]lk imkgagcy is buiat g` tlk dg`dkpt ge pgaitidja kègrdkok`t ge rkaicigus

bkaikes, tlus pkroitti`c `g tgakrj`dk ge akss grtlgmgx pkrspkdtivks. I`

Tjajei bkaike, jatkr`jtivk, ogrk pliagsgplidja pkrspkdtivks, jrk `gt

`kdkssjriay kvk` tgakrjtkm. Dg`skquk`tay, i`tgakrj`dk is getk` oj`mjtkm

by egrdk. Tjajeists ljvk tjfk` up j` i`drkjsi`cay dgèrg`tjtig`ja

stj`mpgi`t i` tlis, jttkopti`c tg iopgsk tlkir imkgagcy i` oj`y rkcig`s

jrgu`m tlk wgram. ]lk ok`tjaity jsskrts tljt Isajo ojy bk rkegrokm by

okj`s ge tlk swgrm. ]lus, tlk ogvkok`t ljs bkdgok ojìekst i` jrokm

i`surrkdtig`s tlrguclgut tlk wgram, kspkdijaay wlkrk cgvkròk`ts jrk

wkjf j`m u`jbak tg rksist jccrkssig` keekdtivkay.

]lk kxtrkoists wlg ljvk tur`km oiaitj`t, mkdajrk wjr jcji`st j`y witl

vikwpgi`ts dg`trjry tg tlkirs6 tlus, mkdajrjtig` ge wjr jcji`st j`yKurgpkj` gr wkstkr` `g`-Isajoid cgvkròk`t is dgoog`pajdk. ]lis,

lgwkvkr, is jasg truk i` rkspkdt tg tlk Oimmak Kjst. I` Kcypt, tlky gppgsk

tlk cgvkròk`t, js tlky jasg mg i` Ngrmj`. I` Tyrij, Xjfistj`, Jackrij, j`m

oj`y gtlkr dgu`triks ‑Tjajei-oi`mkm‟ crgups ljvk kvgavkm j vigak`t

eu`mjok`tjaiso, wlidl gppgsks tlkir cgvkròk`ts i` bgtl dgvkrt j`m

gvkrt wjys.



2;

]lk gvkrt strjtkcy dakjray is tlrgucl oiaitjry jdtig`. ]lk dgvkrt strjtkcy

i`vgavks ièiatrjti`c ogsquks, tkjdli`c dk`trks j`m dljritjbak

grcjìsjtig`s, ergo wlkrk tlky i`mgdtri`jtk pkgpak witl tlkir imkjs,

vjauks j`m oktlgms. ]lky tk`m tg egrdkeuaay iopgsk tlkir vikws g` wkjf

sgdiktiks, i` tlk lgpk ge kstjbaisli`c j bjsk egr eurtlkr dg`trga. J ck`krja

grtlgmgx ktlgs nustieiks oiaitj`t jdts j`m iaakcja okj`s ge ei`j`di`c tg jim

tlkir djusk. ]lky jasg nustiey niljm egr tlk prkskrvjtig` ge Isajo.

]gmjy, wk ljvk oj`y kxjopaks ge tlis plk`gok`g`6 wlktlkr it is

i`mivimujas mkdajri`c wjr g` Jokridj, gr viciaj`tk crgups dgoi`c jcji`st

tlkir cgvkròk`ts i` Dk`trja Jsij. ]lis is vikwkm js tlk purk Isajo, but i`

j ogrk spkdieid sk`sk it jppkjrs tg dg`trjmidt tlk tkjdli`cs ge tlk Xrgplkt

`gt tg gppgsk j ruakr js ag`c js lk mgks `gt prkvk`t tlk pkregroj`dk ge

prjykr. ]lis prglibitig` jppaiks kvk` ie lk dgooits j` i`nustidk. ]lus,

tlgsk kxtrkok geeslggts ge tlk Tjajei gr ‑ Sjlljbi‟ ok`tjaity jppkjr tg usk

Isajo wlk` it suits tlko but dg`trjvk`k it jt tlkir dg`vkìk`dk egr

pgaitidja j`m oiaitjry jmvj`tjck. ]lky mg, jt akjst, ojfk tlk djsk tljt tlkir

ogrk aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk tkxts is trukr tg tlk spirit ge tlk Xrgplkt’s

tkjdli`c, but skakdtivkay kvgfk tlk jbrgcjtig` ge ogrk pkjdkeua pjssjcks

tg suit tlkir gw` oissig` js tlky mkko eit.28

28 ]lk tkro ‑Isajoid‟ is stiaa uskm by tlksk kxtrkoists wlg jttributk tg tlk rkaicig` jaafi`ms ge ruai`cs, wlidl i` ejdt egr sgok Ousaios dg`trjmidt tlk kssk`dk ge tlk rkaicigì` spirit j`m i` pjrtiduajrs. Jog`c tlko is tlk ejtwj tljt nustieiks tlk usk ge tkrrgrtjdtids sudl js suidimk bgobi`cs ge diviaij`s j`m jttjdfs jcji`st `g`-dgobjtj`ts iòjrfktpajdks, sdlggas, geeidks, j`m pajdks ge wgrslip. Tioiajray, tlky ljvk issukm jejtwj akcitioisi`c tlk usk ge mruc og`ky tg ei`j`dk tlkir djopjic`, mkspitk tlk ejdttljt jrdgtids jrk stridtay egrbimmk` i` Isajo. Isajoid kxtrkoists ljvk ruakm pkroissibakj`m rkdgook`mkm tlk prgmudtig` ge mrucs j`m tlkir sjak g` tlk strkkts ge Ousaio j`m`g`-Ousaio `jtig`s. Sitl sudl iaaidit eu`ms tlksk kxtrkoist crgups ei`j`dk tlkmkvkagpok`t ge tlkir cagbja `ktwgrf, purdljsk wkjpg`s j`m suppaiks, j`m buiam tlkirerg`t grcjìsjtig`s, wlidl rkprksk`t tlko u`mkr tlk cuisk ge Isajoid prgskaytisi`c j`mejitl jdtiviso.



25

]lk mj`ckrgus oi`grity7

Ie g`k jddkpts Bricittk Cjbrika’s stjtistids, tlk 3;-98% ge pkjdkeua Ousaios

crkjtay gutùobkr tlk :<8 oiaaig`-488 oiaaig` rjmidjas i` vjrigus crgups wlg jrk mkmidjtkm tg tlk mkstrudtig` ge wkstkr` diviaisjtig`. ]lis tlk` is j

rjmidja oi`grity, dljrjdtkriskm js tlk k`koy ge tlk Skst, uàifk tlk

ojngrity, wlg jrk i` sgok sk`sk suppgskmay syopjtlktid tg tlk uplgamkrs

ge priojriay Numkg-Dlristij`, but dg`trjriay aibkrja prgcrkssivk vjauks. But

lkrk, it is dakjr, Numjiso is j okssjck ge aibkrjtig` j`m koj`dipjtig`

u`mkr tlk ruak ge ajw j`m Dlristijìty is j okssjck ge egrcivk`kss, pkjdk,

sjavjtig` j`m ogrja rkegro. ]lkir vjauks, tlkrkegrk, jrk oudl ogrk

dgopjtibak witl wkstkr` mkogdrjdy j`m dg`stitutig`ja vjauks i` j

mgdtri`ja sk`sk6 wlkrkjs Isajo’s okssjck ge suboissig` j`m rkstridtig` is

ejr ogrk prglibitivk, tgtjaitjrij` j`m i` oj`y rkspkdts nustieiks vigak`dk,

i` grmkr tg uatiojtkay jdlikvk j suboissivk, but pkjdkeua k`m. ]lis is vkry

oudl prgvk` by listgry. It is tlk dgrk ktlgs ge its ejitl, ajrckay irrkspkdtivk

ge tlk mieekri`c sdlggas ge i`tkrprktjtig`.

Ykt kvk` jddkpti`c tlk stjtistids js civk`, j tkrribak mj`ckr is stiaa pgskm by

j vigak`t oi`grity. Sliast tlis is gt tlk ojngrity, wk slguam gt bk rkajxkm

jbgut tlk mj`ckrs ge eu`mjok`tjaiso, siopay bkdjusk tlk wkstkr`

pkrspkdtivk bkaikvks tlk Ousaio ojngrity jrk i`lkrk`tay pkjdkeua.

I`vjrijbay, it is j vigak`t j`m oiaitj`t oi`grity wlg jrk stiaa djpjbak ge

strg`cay ièauk`di`c, gr ièaidti`c, tlk ogst ljro g` j pkjdkeua but pjssivk

ojngrity.

Bricittk Cjbrika pjssig`jtkay put tlis pgi`t muri`c j Lkritjck kvk`t g`

Bk`cljzi (mktjias ge wlidl wkrk pgstkm g` Nu` :< tl 28:=)>

‑…it is tlk rjmidjas tljt fiaa…it is tlk rjmidjas tljt bklkjm j`mojssjdrk. Slk` ygu aggf tlrguclgut listgry, wlk` ygu aggf jt jaa



23

tlk akssg`s ge listgry, ogst Ckroj`s wkrk pkjdkeua, ykt tlk @jzismrgvk tlk jck`mj j`m js j rksuat 58 oiaaig` pkgpak mikm, jaogst :=oiaaig` i` dg`dk`trjtig` djops, 5 oiaaig` wkrk Nkws. ]lk pkjdkeuaojngrity wkrk irrkakvj`t. Slk` ygu aggf jt Russij ogst Russij`s

wkrk pkjdkeua js wkaa, ykt tlk Russij`s wkrk jbak tg fiaa 28 oiaaig`pkgpak, tlk pkjdkeua ojngrity wkrk irrkakvj`t…G` Tkptkobkr ::tl i`tlk [`itkm Ttjtks wk ljm 2.4 oiaaig` Jrjb Ousaios aivi`c i` tlk[`itkm Ttjtks. It tggf :9 linjdfkrs, :9 rjmidjas tg bri`c Jokridjmgw` tg its f`kks, mkstrgy tlk Sgram ]rjmk Dk`trk, jttjdf tlkXk`tjcg`, j`m fiaa jaogst 4888 Jokridj`s tljt mjy. ]lk pkjdkeuaojngrity wkrk irrkakvj`t.‟2:

I` tlis, tlk`, tlk pkjdkeua dj``gt siopay bk jssuokm js cujrj`tkki`c

vidtgry bkdjusk tlky jrk j ojngrity. Ykt tlis is pjrtiduajr sg jasg ie Isajoideu`mjok`tjaiso, witl its mkjtl vjauk egr tlk mkstrudtig` ge wkstkr`

diviaisjtig`, skkfs tg cji` pgpuajrist suppgrt by jppkjai`c tg tlk mgdtri`ja

bjsk sljrkm by oj`y ge its ogrk oji`strkjo bkaikvkrs.

]lk rkaicigus prgoisk ge j rkwjrm egr j` (js ykt) u`jttji`km pjrjmisk is j

dgrk sgtkrigagcidja j`m ksdljtgagcidja bkaike ge Isajo. It is tlis prgoisk ge

j` jetkraiek rkwjrm (j`m tlk purieidjtig` ge 38 ck`krjtig`s ge tlkir

rkajtivks) tljt rkdruits rkaicigus bkaikvkrs j`m nustieiks jdts ge vigak`dk i`

its `jok. Js it is j dgrk bkaike, lgwkvkr, it is `gt siopay aioitkm tg

eu`mjok`tjaiso, but jppkjas tg tlk wimkr spkdtruo ge bkaikvkrs grmi`jriay

dg`simkrkm `g`-vigak`t, wlg tli`f by jdti`c i` sudl j wjy, tlky jrk jdti`c

egr j ogrja, purieyi`c j`m skae-euaeiaai`c djusk. It mgks tlkrkegrk ljvk j

pgpuajr rkaicigus jppkja, pjrtiduajray egr tlgsk wlg ljvk prkvigusay akm j

akss grtlgmgx aiek j`m skkf tg ojfk rkpjrjtig`.

Dakjray Isajoid eu`mjok`tjaiso is `gt nust j pgaitidja, eri`ck pkrspkdtivk,

wlidl siopay nustieiks j vigak`t i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk tkxts egr wjr. I`

jppkjai`c tg Isajo’s spkdieid rkwjrm, it jppkjas tg j pkrvkrsk egro ge

2: Lkrk.

http://therightscoop.com/brigitte-gabriel-gives-fantastic-answer-to-muslim-woman-claiming-all-muslims-are-portrayed-badly/





2<

pkrsg`ja sjavjtig` j`m jppkjas kvk` tg jatruiso i` sgok bjsid ktlgs tljt

rkekrk`dks tlk ogrja bkaikes uplkam by tlk Zur’j`. J ogrja vikw, wlidl

rkprksk`ts tlk dgrk ge Isajo js j` imkgagcy ge utgpijìso, j`m wlidl

prgoisks j bkttkr wgram tlj` tlk prksk`t, skkoi`cay ioogrja j`m dgrrupt

wgram, i` bgtl j` i`mivimuja j`m dgaakdtivk sk`sk. ]lis, tlk`, jppkjas tg

sgoktli`c qui`tkssk`tijaay Isajoid egr Ousaios i` j ejr brgjmkr sk`sk. It

jasg rkvkjas j mj`ckr tljt tlk Skst u`tia f`gw ljs ejiakm tg euaay crjsp i`

rkspkdt tg Isajo j`m ajpskm Ousaios ogrk ck`krjaay.

Irgìdjaay tgg, tlis prgvimks tlk vkry imk`tieyi`c ai`f bktwkk` Isajoiso

j`m Isajo tljt pgaitidij`s skkf tg mk`y6 egr it rkvkjas i` itskae tlk rkaicigus

j`m ktlidja miok`sig` ge tlk eu`mjok`tjaist strji`. J` imkja tlky wj`t tg

mgw`pajy i` tlkir i`jddurjtk misti`dtig`s. It rkvkjas tkrrgrists `gt siopay

js j crgup ge oiscuimkm u`lgay og`stkrs, ogtivjtkm by pgaitidja

kxtrkoiso j`m j sfkwkm u`mkrstj`mi`c ge ejitl egr pkrsg`ja, tkrritgrija,

gr pgwkr jobitig`s, but ogtivjtkm by tlk vkry dgrk imkjas tljt nustiey tlk

ogrjaity j`m ktlgs ge tlk rkaicig` itskae.

Skstkr` stjtksok`, lgwkvkr, tk`m tg egdus akss g` tlk tlkgagcidja

dgoog`jaitiks j`m ogrk g` tlk pgaitidja dg`dkr`s. ]lky misti`cuisl

Isajoiso ergo Isajo i` tkros ge tlis j`m its vigak`t jdts. I` tlis, lgwkvkr,

tlky dakjray oisu`mkrstj`m Isajo’s sljrkm gbnkdtivks witl it, j`m tlky

rjtlkr tk`m tg civk tlk ojngrity wlg kspgusk it tgg oudl ge j erkk pjss.

Xgaitidij`s ck`krjaay ic`grk gr mgw`pajy Isajo j`m Isajoiso’s sljrkm

dg`dkr` tg kstjbaisl tlk jbsgautk vjauks ge tlk Zur ’j` j`m tlk

iopakok`tjtig` ge j` Kjrtl-bgu`m tlkgdrjdy tlrgucl suboissig` tg tlk

ejitl. ]lis, egr oj`y, is dgoog` crgu`m j`m is euaeiaakm by tlk sljrij, kvk`

ie tlk sljrij js nurisprumk`dk kvgavkm sgoktioks i`mkpk`mk`tay ge tlk

Zurjìd tkjdli`cs. Tljrij is tlk` j dgopaktk systko, i`dgrpgrjti`c



29

pgaitidja, akcja, sgdija j`m ogrja cuimkai`ks egr lgw Isajoid stjtks j`m

i`mivimujas jrk tg bk cgvkr`km. Sitl its kopljsis g` j` jaa-kobrjdi`c

systko ge kvkry jspkdt ge aiek, oj`y ge its vjauks dliok witl Zur ’jìd

kmidts. ]lk prgpjcjtig` ge bgtl, egr oj`y Ousaios, dgvkrs j cagbja

jck`mj, j`m i` tlis is dljrjdtkriskm j`m nustieikm i` rkaicigus j`m tlkrkegrk

jddkptjbak numidija tkros js j prgskaytisjtig` ge tlk ejitl.22

Skstkr` pgaitidij`s, lgwkvkr, rjtlkr tk`m tg ic`grk tlis bjsid iopkrjtivk

tg iopgsk jbsgautk ajws j`m vjauks g` j `g`-Ousaio wgram muk tg tlk

rkaicigus vk`kkr. ]lky tk`m tg egrcivk it j`m vikw it js j ogrja gr rkaicigus

drusjmk tljt jddgrmi`cay mgks `gt jasg skkf pgaitidja mgoi`jtig`. ]lky try

tg brgjmk` tlk misti`dtig` bktwkk` Isajoist j`m Isajoid jutgdrjtid/

tgtjaitjrij` iopkrjtivks i` tlis, by mgw`pajyi`c tlk dgoog`jaitiks. ]lky

egdus g` ogmkrjtk Isajo js bki`c dg`mudivk tg ogrja rkajtiviso wlk` it

is `gt, j`m tlky kopljsisk tlk dgopjtibak jspkdts ge tlk sljrij, i` ei`j`dk

egr kxjopak, wlk` dritids dajio tlis rjtlkr ejdiaitjtks j drkkpi`c brgjmkr

jddkptj`dk ge Isajoid nurisprumk`dk j`m Isajoid suprkojdiso ogrk

ck`krjaay. J vjauk systko j`titlktidja tg mkogdrjtid aibkrjaiso ogrk

brgjmay. Oudl ge tlis wkstkr` jttitumk is muk tg tlk dg`tkxt ge aibkrjaiso,

tlk virtuks ge pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss (sudl js k`dgurjci`c ouati-

duaturjaiso) j`m j pjssivk tgakrj`dk dljopig`km by Dlristij` vjauks, tlk

`kkm egr kqujaity j`m gpk` oi`mkm`kss i` rkspkdt tg jaik` duaturks. ]lis

jddkptj`dk, lgwkvkr, tgg getk` ljs drkjtkm sgdija j`m duaturja dgèaidt j`m

ljs bkk` j egro ge skae-iopgskm ìliaiso wlidl tlk Skst ljs ajrckay

ièaidtkm upg` itskae.

22 ]lk cagbja jck`mj is iopakok`tkm tlrgucl oiaitj`t jdtig` i` tlk pgaitidja splkrkj`m prgskaytisi`c j`m dg`vkrsig` i` tlk rkaicigus splkrk. Bgtl dg`dkr`s ljvk jdgoog` gbnkdtivk lgwkvkr, wlidl is tg jdlikvk j` jbsgautk ruak by Isajo wgramwimk.



48

]lk lypgdrisy ge wkstkr` pgaitidij`s

G` tlk gtlkr lj`m, j` kxjopak ge tlk Skst’s lypgdrisy i` civi`c j erkk pjss

tg dkrtji` Isajoid stjtks prjdtidi`c luoj` riclts jbusks, wliast egdusi`c

sgakay g` djsticjti`c Isajoiso js j` jbkrrj`t strji`, dj` bk civk`

dg`simkri`c Isajo’s ogrk ck`krja jbusk ge wgok`. Jddgrmi`c tg j 28::

survky dg`mudtkm by ]rust Ajw, j akcja `kws skrvidk ru` by tlk ]lgosg`-

Rkutkrs Egu`mjtig`, 4 ge tlk ; ogst mj`ckrgus dgu`triks egr wgok`

(i`daumi`c tlk tgp-spgt) jrk Ousaio ojngritiks, j`m i` tkros ge tlk

duaturja, tribja j`m rkaicigus ejdtgrs, = ge tlk ; ogst mj`ckrgus dgu`triks

egr wgok` ljvk Ousaio ojngritiks.24

I` tkros ge ck`mkr kqujaity jrgu`m tlk wgram ogrk ck`krjaay, tlk ck`mkr

cjp wjs stjtistidjaay wgrsk i` Isajoid `jtig`s. ]lk 2889 rkpgrt by tlk

Sgram Kdg`goid Egruo, aistkm prkmgoi`j`tay Isajoid `jtig`s jt tlk

bgttgo ge tlkir j`ùja Cagbja Ck`mkr Cjp (CCC) I`mkx. ]lk gày `jtig`

`gt prkmgoi`j`tay Isajoid jt tlk bgttgo ge tlk Cagbja Ck`mkr Cjp i`mkx

aist wjs Bkì`.

Gtlkr kxjopaks dg`dkr` tlk puìslok`t ge lgogskxujaity. Jddgrmi`c tg

tlk I`tkr`jtig`ja Aksbij` j`m Cjy Jssgdijtig` (IACJ) skvk` dgu`triks

stiaa rktji` djpitja puìslok`t egr lgogskxuja bkljvigur> Tjumi Jrjbij, Ykok`, Irj`, Jecljìstj`, Ojuritjìj, Tumj`, j`m `grtlkr` @ickrij. ]lk

situjtig` i` tlk [ìtkm Jrjb Koirjtks ([JK) is tljt it is puìslkm by

dgrpgrja gr djpitja puìslok`t, mkpk`mi`c g` tlk rkcig`, witl

puìslok`t vjryi`c ergo tiok i` prisg`, outiajtig`, gr j ei`k. I` Zjtjr,

24 ]lk wgram’s eivk ogst mj`ckrgus dgu`triks egr wgok`> J ]lgosg` RkutkrsEgu`mjtig` cagbja pgaa ge kxpkrts - Nu`k :;, 28::.

http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.trust.org/documents/womens-rights/resources/2011WomenPollResults.pdf&date=2011-06-17







4:

Jackrij, [zbkfistj`, j`m tlk Ojamivks, lgogskxujaity is puìslkm witl

tiok i` prisg` gr j ei`k. 2=

I` Kcypt, gpkày cjy ok` ljvk bkk` prgskdutkm u`mkr ck`krja pubaidogrjaity ajws. I` Tjumi Jrjbij, tlk ojxiouo puìslok`t egr lgogskxuja

jdts is pubaid kxkdutig`, wlidl is sgoktioks djrrikm gut. ]lk cgvkròk`t

wiaa ogrk getk` usk aksskr puìslok`ts> egr kxjopak, ei`ks, tiok i` prisg`,

gr wlippi`c js jatkr`jtivks. Lgwkvkr, i` I`mij, wlidl ljs tlk tlirm ajrckst

Ousaio pgpuajtig` i` tlk wgram, j`m wlkrk Ousaios egro j ajrck

oi`grity, tlk ajrckst Isajoid skoi`jry (Mjrua [aggo Mkgbj`m) ljs

vklkok`tay gppgskm rkdk`t cgvkròk`t ogvks tg jbrgcjtk j`m aibkrjaisk

ajws bj`ì`c lgogskxujaity.

]lksk ekw kxjopaks, jag`c witl j` i`luoj`k j`m gvkray i`tgakrj`t

jttitumk tg jadglga dg`suoptig` j`m mispajys ge pubaid jeekdtig`, akcja

prjdtidk tg rjpk dajios (wlkrk = wit`kssks jrk rkquirkm tg prgvk dljrcks,

ktd.), j pkrvjsivk ajdf ge wgok`’s kqujaity riclts, ktd. slgw j dgoog`ktlgs tljt uìtks bgtl eu`mjok`tja j`m ogrk oji`strkjo pkrspkdtivks.2;

2= ]lis ljs akm tg dg`trgvkrsy rkcjrmi`c Zjtjr, wlidl is muk tg stjck tlk 2822 EIEJ Sgram Dup. Luoj` riclts crgups ljvk qukstig`km tlk jwjrmi`c i` 28:8 ge tlk riclttg lgst tlk dgopktitig`, muk tg tlk pgssibiaity tljt cjy eggtbjaa ej`s ojy bk njiakm. I`rkspg`sk, Tkpp Bajttkr, lkjm ge EIEJ, ngfkm tljt tlky wguam ljvk tg ‑rkerji` ergoskxuja jdtivity ‟ wliak i` Zjtjr. Lk ajtkr witlmrkw tlk rkojrfs jetkr dg`mko`jtigèrgo luoj` riclts crgups.

2; ]lis is `gt k`tirkay typidja lgwkvkr. I` 28 gut ge ;3 Ousaio-ojngrity `jtig`s sjok-skx i`tkrdgursk is `gt egrbimmk` by ajw.

]lk Gttgoj` Kopirk (prkmkdkssgr ge ]urfky) mkdrioi`jaiskm lgogskxujaity i` :<;<.I` ]urfky, wlkrk 99.<% ge tlk pgpuajtig` is Ousaio, lgogskxujaity ljs `kvkr bkk`drioi`jaiskm si`dk tlk mjy it wjs egu`mkm i` :924. ACB] pkgpak jasg ljvk tlk riclt tgskkf jsyauo i` ]urfky u`mkr tlk Ck`kvj Dg`vk`tig` si`dk :9;:.

Tjok-skx i`tkrdgursk is akcja i` Jabjìj, Jzkrbjinj`, Bjlrji`, Bgsìj j`mLkrzkcgvi`j, Burfi`j Ejsg, Dljm, Mnibguti, Cui`kj-Bissju, Akbj`g`, Irjq,Fjzjflstj`, Fgsgvg, Fyrcyzstj`, Ojai, @ickr, ]jnifistj`, ]urfky, Skst Bj`f (Ttjtk geXjaksti`k), ogst ge I`mg`ksij, j`m i` @grtlkr` Dyprus. I` Jabjìj, Akbj`g`, j`m



42

It slgws tgg lgw lypgdritidja tlk Skst is ck`krjaay tgwjrms tlgsk tljt

prjdtidk tlk i`luoj`k nurisprumk`dk ge tlk sljrij wlk` ei`j`dk, gia j`m

busi`kss is i`vgavkm.

]lk lypgdrisy is eurtlkrkm witl j` i`kpt jpprgjdl wkjfk`km witl j

dg`dkr` `gt tg bk skk` js prknumidkm jcji`st Ousaios ogrk ck`krjaay jt

lgok. ]lis ljs kxjdkrbjtkm sgdija j`m skdurity prgbakos, k`dgurjci`c j

rjtlkr tgg rkajxkm jttitumk tgwjrms tlk mj`ckrs ge Ousaios witl tkrrgrist

ai`fs, wlg ljvk bkk` jaagwkm tg k`tkr gr rkk`tkr wkstkr` dgu`triks jt wiaa.

J survkiaaj`dk jpprgjdl ge mj`ckrgus i`mivimujas wlg ljvk bkk` civk`

erkk jddkss ge rktur` wjs rkdk`tay liclaicltkm witl j` Kxprkss rkpgrt mjtkm

Ojy 24, 28:3 tljt j` jssuokm 4;88 i`mivimujas jrk tg mjtk bki`c

ogìtgrkm i` tlk [F. Oj`y ge tlksk ljvk bkk` civk` erkk jddkss tg rktur`

jetkr i`vgavkok`t witl tkrrgrist crgups jbrgjm. ]lk erkk jddkss j`m

survkiaaj`dk jpprgjdl rjisks tlk mj`ckr ge eurtlkr jttjdfs. It is `gt

prkkoptivk gr prgjdtivk j`m getk` i`vgavks jetkr tlk kvk`t rkspg`sks tg

kvk`ts. I`drkjskm skdurity tg dgobjt j`m mktkr sudl okjsurks oust bk

mkkokm i`keekdtivk, bkdjusk gày cgvkròk`t buiami`cs j`m `gt tlk pubaid

ogrk ck`krjaay jrk ck`krjaay prgtkdtkm by tlk oiaitjry.

Xgaitidja Isajo j`m its sioiajritiks witl Dgoouìso

Bgtl Isajo j`m Isajoiso jmvgdjtk tlk iopakok`tjtig` ge sljrij, j`m i`

tlis bgtl sljrk dgoog` pgaitidja dg`dkr`s wlidl bkjr dgopjrisg` witl

]urfky, tlkrk ljvk bkk` misdussig`s jbgut akcjaisi`c sjok-skx ojrrijck. Jabjìj,@grtlkr` Dyprus j`m Fgsgvg jasg prgtkdt ACB] pkgpak witl j`ti-misdrioi`jtig` ajws.]lis succksts jt akjst j aibkrjaisi`c ièauk`dk is pgssibak witli` tlk oji`strkjo ejitlsj`m is j sljrkm pkrspkdtivk `gt k`tirkay j`titlktidja tg wkstkr` prgcrkssivk vjauks i`rkspkdt tg tlk ACB] dgoouìtiks.

http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/782647/London-terror-attack-3-500-potential-terrorists-monitored-less






44

Dgoouìso.25 ]lk dgopjrisg`, `kvkrtlkakss, `kkms tg bk qujaieikm, egr

tlk pgaitidja strji` ge Isajo ogrk prkdiskay bkjrs bkttkr dgopjrisg` witl

Ojrxist-Akììso, rjtlkr tlj` witl tlk tkdlìdja sk`sk ge tlk tkro

‑Dgoouìso‟, jt akjst js j` imkja ge dajssidja Ojrxiso.

Dgoouìso i` its ogrk prkdisk sk`sk skkfs tlk uatiojtk jbgaitig` ge tlk

stjtk, wlkrkjs Ojrxist Akììso pjrtiduajray skkfs tyrj`ìdja stjtk ruak i`

tlk egro ge j` kègrdkm tgtjaitjrijìso. It mgks tlis tg pkrpktujtk tlk

pgwkr ge its jbsgautk imkgagcy u`mkr j dk`trjaiskm pgaitidja akjmkrslip. I`

tlis, pgaitidja Isajo, i` its mksirk tg kstjbaisl by pgaitidja j`m oiaitjry

okj`s j` imkgagcidjaay bjskm tgtjaitjrijìso, mgks i`mkkm bkjr

dgopjrisg` witl ‑Dgoouìso‟. 23

Dgoouìso strivks tg iopakok`t tlk supkrigrity ge tlk Ttjtk, tlk Ajws ge

tlk Ttjtk j`m tlk Xjrty Akjmkrs js tlk ei`ja jutlgrity tg rkjdl its utgpij`

cgja. Tioiajray, Xgaitidja Isajo skkfs tg rkpajdk tlk Ttjtk witl Jaajl, tlk

ajws ge tlk stjtk witl tlk Zur’j` j`m tlk Ljmitl, j`m tlk pgaitidja akjmkrs

25 Jmvgdjtks ge tlis vikw (sudl js tlk Ngl` Birdl Tgdikty) getk` qugtk tlk egaagwi`c tgsuppgrt tlk dgopjrisg` witl Dgoouìso> ‑]lk crgu`mwgrf egr tlk Erk`dlRkvgautig` wjs ajim by Rgusskju, Ugatjirk j`m Og`tksquiku6 tlk DgoouìstRkvgautig` rkjaiskm paj`s skt by Ojrx, K`ckas j`m Akì`…]lk sjok lgams truk egr us

js wkaa….‟- Ejtli Yjflj` g`k ge Zutb’s misdipaks. ]lky mg tlis i` grmkr tg iaaustrjtk jdgoog` strjtkcy tg gvkrtlrgw wkstkr` diviaisjtig`. ]lky jasg sgoktioks ditk tlkuttkrj`dk by Brkzl`kv jt tlk 25tl Xjrty Dg`crkss tg prgvk j` jssgdijtig` dgopaidit

witl j dgoog` strjtkcy > ‑j aibkrjtig` struccak dj` bk wjckm u`mkr tlk bj``kr geIsajo‟, wlidl sgok, sudl js tlk ajtk Dlristgplkr Ttgry , ‑Xkrkstrgifj Mkdkptig`‟, sjwjs g`cgi`c. ]lk vjaimity ge tlksk dajios is vjrigusay misputkm.

23 J`ytli`c akss wguam bk j dg`trjmidtig` i` tkros6 egr tlk Ojrxist utgpij sguclt j`jbgaitig` ge tlk stjtk j`m `gt uatiojtkay its pkrpktujtig`. ]lk`dk its stjtkakss utgpijdguam `gt suddksseuaay bk dgopjrkm witl tlk Isajoid utgpij ge j cagbja tlkgdrjdy g`Kjrtl. ]lk ejdt tlis imkja oiclt wkaa ljvk bkk` dajiokm tg ljvk bkk` sguclt by Ttjai`j`m Akì` is bkaikm by tlkir stjtk jck`mjs j`m tlk siopak ejdt sudl j` imkja wjs `kvkrj`m dguam `kvkr bk suddksseuaay iopakok`tkm i` j`y djsk.



4=

witl tlk Iojos. ]lky mg tlis i` grmkr tg jdlikvk tlkir uatiojtk utgpij ge

j cagbja tlkgdrjdy gr cagbja djaipljtk.

]lkrk jrk gtlkr `gtjbak sioiajritiks i`jsoudl js tlky jrk bgtl midtjtgrijaj`m j`ti-mkogdrjtid i` tkros ge tlkir stjtk mktkroi`km nurisprumk`dk. I`

Dgoouìso, tlk Xjrty Akjmkrs jrk crj`tkm tlk pgwkr tg mkei`k tlk ruaks

ge tlk g`k-pjrty Ttjtk, wlkrkjs Xgaitidja Isajo civks tlk pgwkr tg issuk

rkaicigus kmidts (ejtwjs) by tlk Iojos. Tudl ejtwjs dj` kvk` grmkr tlk

sajyi`c ge pjrtiduajr i`mivimujas dg`simkrkm tg ljvk bajsplkokm (kitlkr

f`gwi`cay gr u`f`gwi`cay) rkoiìsdk`t ge tlk grmkrs tg fiaa civk` tg tlk

FCB by tlk Xjrty Akjmkr i` tlk egrokr [TTR rkciok.

I` jmmitig`, tlk Iojos, aifk tlk Xjrty akjmkrs, jasg ljvk tlk pgwkr tg

dlggsk wlidl vkrsks ge tlk Zur’j` tlk ejitleua oust egaagw. It jasg

i`tkrprkts tlk Ljmitl (tlk rkdgrmkm dgaakdtig` ge tlk jdts j`m sjyi`cs ge

tlk Xrgplkt) i` j spkdieid wjy. ]lksk jrk tlk` i`tkrprktkm j`m ioitjtkm by

tlk suppgskmay ‑truk egaagwkrs‟ ge tlk ejitl. I` j sioiajr, rjtlkr midtjtgrija wjy, Ttjai` gr Akì` wguam i`tkrprkt j`m mktkroi`k Ttjtk ajw, tlk` dajio

it wjs tlk geeidija i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk imkgagcy ge Ojrxist-Akììso, j`m

js sudl it wjs tg bk vikwkm js tlk geeidija Xjrty pgaidy tg bk egaagwkm by

ditizk`s.

Dgoouìsts bkaikvk tlkir imkgagcidja egro ge cgvkr`j`dk is supkrigr j`m

wiaa uatiojtkay sprkjm tlrguclgut tlk wgram. It wiaa bk prgpjcjtkm

dg`sdigusay by tlkir oiaitj`t j`m `g`-oiaitj`t jdtivists, j`m u`f`gwi`cay

by tlk aibkrja tli`fi`c, wkaa i`tk`tig`km ‑uskeua imigts‟ tlky kopagy gr

pkrsujmk tg tlk djusk. ]lky prkjdl tlis okssjck u`mkr tlk ois`gokrs ge

‑pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss‟ j`m ‑pkjdk‟> tlk pkrioktkrs ge pkjdk bki`c mkei`km

i` `jrrgw tkros, js j ajdf ge gppgsitig` tg tlkir imkgagcidja jios. ]lus,

tlk truk pkjdk dj` gày bk jttji`km g`dk kvkryg`k ljs surrk`mkrkm j`m



4;

ejaak` u`mkr tlk dg`trga ge tlk Dgoouìst Ttjtk. Slk` jdlikvkm cagbjaay,

tlk struccak witl Djpitjaiso dgoks tg j` k`m. I` tlis cagbja imkja,

Dgoouìso sljrks j` jaogst ej`jtidja zkja witl Xgaitidja Isajo.

Ukry ck`krjaay spkjfi`c, Dgoouìso is dgopjrjbak `gt gày witl

Xgaitidja Isajo i` its jios j`m purpgsks, but Isajo tlk rkaicig` i` its sg

djaakm ‑pkjdkeua‟ iopkrjtivk but nustieikm but oiaitjry okj`s. I` its

dg`dkr` tg ièaidt jbsgautk vjauks jasg, it ojfks j dgoog` dajio tg bk tlk

ei`ja j`m uatiojtk jutlgrity i` grmkr tg jdlikvk j` uatiojtkay pkjdkeua

utgpij. Egr Isajo (js i` Dgoouìso) sudl j utgpij dj` gày bk jttji`km

wlk` tlk struccak ge niljm (tlk dajss struccak i` Dgoouìso’s djsk) is jt

j` k`m, j`m tlk cagbja tlkgdrjdy is kstjbaislkm. ]lis cgja kopljsisks tlk

dgaakdtivk rjtlkr tlj` tlk i`mivimuja cggm wlidl is subskrvik`t tg it. I`

tlis, egr tlk ojngrity ge Ousaios jt j`y rjtk, tlk Zur’j`, j`m g`k’s

dgopaij`dk tg tlk rkstridtig`s ge sljrij ajw, euaay mkei`ks tlk oj`mjtk ge

wljt g`k oust gbky i` grmkr tg akjm j pkrekdt aiek. ]lk iopakok`tjtig` ge

tlk Djaipljtk wguam bk g`k wlkrk jaa Ousaios jrk kxpkdtkm tg bk

subskrvik`t tg it. ]lis k`tjias truk ljppi`kss. Tioiajray egr tlk Dgoouìst

ditizk`, dgopaij`dk tg tlk jbsgautk vjauks (gr miftjts) ge tlk Xjrty kmidts

prgvimks tlk okj`s tg jdlikvk truk ljppi`kss j`m j ogrk pkrekdt aiek.

Oj`y rjmidja Isajoid akjmkrs, j`m tlkir mkvgut egaagwkrs, jmvgdjtk `gt

gày tljt Isajo is tlk g`k truk pjtl, but tljt it oust bk sprkjm, kvk`

vigak`tay, u`tia kvkry si`cak pkrsg` ljs suboittkm tg Jaajl j`m egaagws tlk

kmidts ge tlk Iojos. ]g tlis k`m, ck`krjaay spkjfi`c, Isajo mivimks tlk

wgram, `gt i`tg twg egros ge Isajo j`m Isajoiso, but i`tg twg stjtks> tlk

Sgram ge Isajo (Mjr ja-Isajo) j`m tlk Sgram ge Sjr (Mjr ja-Ljrb). I` tlis

mujaity, Isajo is pkjdk g`dk suboissig` is jdlikvkm, but it is mkei`km gày

i` tkros ge wlktlkr tlk k`tirk pgpuajtig` ge tlk wgram suboits tg Jaajl,

Isajo j`m tlk tkjdli`cs ge tlk Zur’j`.



45

J eurtlkr dgopjrisg` dj` bk ojmk bktwkk` tlk jdtivists wlg dg`sdigusay

prgpjcjtk tlk imkgagcy ge Dgoouìso, sgoktioks tlrgucl oiaitjry

okj`s, i` dg`trjst tg tlk ‑uskeua imigts‟ j`m ;tl Dgauo` wlg jrk

i`mgdtri`jtkm u`f`gwi`cay tg tlk djusk gr jssist i` prgpjcjti`c witlgut

euaay k`cjci`c i` oiaitj`t jdtiviso. ]lk sioiajritiks jrk strifi`c. I`mkkm,

Xgaitidja Isajo jppkjrs tg bk dgpyi`c sudl strjtkciks ge ajtk egr tlkir gw`

djusk. Slktlkr tlis is i`midjtivk okrkay ge j sljrkm iopkrjtivk tg

vj`quisl wkstkr` diviaisjtig`, gr i`midjtks dgvkrt jaaij`dks bktwkk` tlko,

gr ogrk ck`krjaay witl tlk Aket, rkoji`s tg bk mkbjtkm.

]lk usk ge prgpjcj`mj j`m tlk oisrkprksk`tjtig` ge prgmudtig` stjtistids

tg cujrj`tkk tljt kvkry qugtj surpjsskm tjrckts wkrk ekjturks ge

Dgoouìso.2< J strjtkcy wlidl jttkoptkm tg pubaiday prgvk tlk

supkrigrity ge tlkir imkgagcy j`m pgaitidja systko. Xrgpjcj`mj j`m

misiègrojtig` wguam bk uskm by Dgoouìst dgu`triks tgg, kspkdijaay i`

`kcgtijtig`s witl `g`-Dgoouìst `jtig`s, j`m tlky wguam brkjf trkjtiks

wlk`kvkr it skrvkm tlkir purpgsk tg cji` tlk jmvj`tjck.

I` Isajo, sudl mkdkit strjtkciks wguam ejaa u`mkr tlk ck`krja mkeiìtig` ge

ja-tjqiyyj gr ‑ayi`c egr tlk djusk‟. But lkrk ja-tjqiyyj is oudl ogrk tlj`

siopay ayi`c. I` j pgaitidja j`m ogrk ck`krja sk`sk it wguam bk dg`simkrkm

js prgpjcj`mj, oisrkprksk`tjtig`, gr nustieikm mkaibkrjtk mkdkptig` i` j`

keegrt tg eurtlkr tlk jios ge Isajo, kspkdijaay i` grmkr tg cji` ièauk`dk gr

wi` tkrritgriks. J subvkrsivk jdt, tlkrkegrk, is g`dk ogrk u`mkrpi``km j`m

2< Tuppgskm ‑trutl‟ misskoi`jtkm tlrgucl Xrjvmj. ]lis is durrk`t ge dgursk j`m `gtsiopay dgèi`km tg tlk egrokr [TTR, but tlk ‑mkogdrjtiskm‟ dgu`try ge Russij.Dg`simkr jasg tlk CMX eicurks ge Dli`j, j`m gtlkr kdg`goid mjtj tljt mgks `gt tjaayg` i`mkpk`mk`t j`jaysis, pjrtiduajray i` rkspkdt tg tlk cgam ojrfkt. But j djsk dj` bkojmk jasg tljt tlk DXI eicurkm djaduajtig`s i` tlk [F j`m [T jrk `gt jddurjtki`midjtgrs ge truk kdg`goid crgwtl, `gr is tlk jssuoptig` tljt tlis is ogrk jddurjtktlj` tlk RXI. Durrk`t djaduajtig`s ge DXI jrk dg`stj`tay bki`c ojìpuajtkm. J crgwi`ctk`mk`dy tg ojsf truk kdg`goid mjtj tg jssist pgaitidja sljpi`c ge pubaid gpiìg` ljsgetk` bkk` prkvjak`t but is i`drkjsi`cay tjfi`c pajdk cagbjaay.



43

nustieikm js j` ktlidja jdt, js j`y jdt tg skdurk tlk vidtgry ge tlk djusk j`m

tlk uatiojtk k`m dj` bk ogrjaay nustieikm.

Rjtlkr aifk Dgoouìst stjtks, Isajo ljs j listgry j`m trjmitig` ge trkjti`cjcrkkok`ts js prgvisig`ja tg oji`tji` jmvj`tjck. Tlguam jcrkkok`t bk

rkjdlkm, tlky wguam rkekr tg tlk `kcgtijtig` `gt js j` jdtuja pkjdk trkjty

pkr sk, but js j Lum`j. ]lis is j trudk `kcgtijtkm egr j ojxiouo ge tk`

ykjrs. It ojy bk rk`kckm jt j`y pgi`t ie tlk Ousaio simk ekkas it ljs cji`km

oiaitjry jmvj`tjck j`m wiaa i` jaa aifkailggm akjm tg tlk mkekjt ge tlkir egk

i` j`y djsk. J Lum`j is tlk gày trkjty pkroittkm bktwkk` Isajoid j`m

`g`-Isajoid egrdks.

I` tlis sk`sk, tlk`, tlk gày rkja pkjdk i` Isajo is tlk dgopaktk j`m tgtja

subnucjtig` ge tlk egks ge Isajo. ]lus, tlkrk is `g sudl tli`c js j ajsti`c

pkjdk trkjty. ]lk uatiojtk gbnkdtivk lkrk is djpituajtig` j`m suboissig`.

]kopgrjry trkjtiks dj` bk `kcgtijtkm gày ie it eurtlkrs j` jmvj`tjck egr

tgtja suboissig` i` tlk k`m.

]lk listgry ge Dgoouìso slgws tlk Xjrty Akjmkrs jrk dg`simkrkm

ièjaaibak j`m tlkir ruak is jbsgautk. Xjrty Akjmkrs ljvk ljm tlk pgwkr tg

jrbitrjriay dlj`ck tlk ruaks j`m i`vk`t dljrcks i` grmkr tg jrrkst j`m

rkogvk j`y pkrsg`s vikwkm js gbstrudti`c tlk wiaa ge tlk Ttjtk. It dj` tlk`

ioprisg` tlko i` tlk cuajc egr aiek gr kxkdutk tlko slguam tlky pgsk j

dg`tiùkm tlrkjt. Aifkwisk, i` Isajo, tlk Iojos jrk tlguclt tg spkjf egr

Jaajl js lis rkprksk`tjtivks g` Kjrtl. Js sudl tlky jrk tlguclt tg bk

ièjaaibak j`m jbsgautk. Jddgrmi`cay, tlk Iojos ljvk tlk pgwkr tg

i`tkrprkt tlk ruaks js tlky skk eit j`m dj` jddusk j`m dg`vidt j`y pkrsg`

wlg, i` tlkir gpiìg`, is mkkokm trgubaksgok, gr wgrfs jcji`st Jaajl.

I`mivimujas ojy bk ioprisg`km, gr siopay kxkdutkm.



4<

[`mkr sljrij, pkgpak i` tlk dg`qukrkm tkrritgriks mg `gt ljvk euaa kqujaity

ge akcja riclts, `gt kvk` tlk bjsid riclt tg aiek j`m prgpkrty, uàkss tlky

dg`vkrt tg Isajo. ]lis pri`dipak is dgopjrjbak jasg witl tlk Dgoouìst

Ck`krja Ai`k. ]lk jdtuja mieekrk`dk bktwkk` Dgoouìso j`m Isajo i`

tlis rkspkdt aiks gày i` j subtak pajdi`c ge kopljsis. Ojrxist-Akììso is

j egro ge cgvkr`j`dk tljt ojfks tlk Ttjtk tlk liclkst jutlgrity j`m tlus

substitutks rkaicig` egr tlk pgaitidg-dk`trid wgrslip ge tlk stjtk. I` tlis tlk

Xjrty Akjmkrs kobgmy tlk wiaa ge tlk Ttjtk j`m tlus mktkroi`k it. Isajo,

g` tlk gtlkr lj`m, is j rkaicig` tljt ljs kmidts egr jaa jspkdts ge aiek j`m

skkfs tlk kstjbaislok`t ge j tlkgdrjdy (j rkaicigus pgaitidja stjtk) g`Kjrtl. Dg`skquk`tay, Iojos bkdgok tlk ruakrs, dgurts j`m sgak jutlgrity

rkspg`sibak egr wljt Isajo is j`m its cgvkr`j`dk js tlk sljrij.

Xgaitidja Isajo j`m its sioiajritiks witl @jtig`ja Tgdijaiso

Isajoid ejsdiso kokrckm muri`c tlk :948s. Its risk wjs i`spirkm by tlk

risk ge @jtig`ja Tgdijaiso i` Ckroj`y. [`surprisi`cay tlk` its djopjic`s

wkrk mirkdtkm dlikeay jcji`st Nkws.29 Js C. Joi`gee i` Jokridj` ]li`fkr

‑Isajoid Ejsdiso> tlk @jzi dg``kdtig`‟ dgrrkdtay stjtks>

‑ Sliak Britisl dgagìja pgaidy dg`tributkm tg tlk risk ge Isajoidrjmidjaiso, tlk Brgtlkrlggm's niljm wjs `gt mirkdtkm jcji`st tlkBritisl, but egduskm jaogst kxdausivkay g` îgìso j`m tlk Nkws.‟

29 Tkk Cjry Joi`gee Jokridj` ]li`fkr ‑Isajo Ejsdiso> tlk @jzi dg``kdtig`‟.



49

]lk listgry ge tlk Brgtlkrlggm dj` bk trjdkm tg its egu`mjtig` i` Djirg i`

:92<. It wjs tlis grcjìsjtig` tljt kstjbaislkm tlk ogmkr` Isajoid Niljmi

ogvkok`t.

]lk sicìeidj`dk ge tlk Brgtlkrlggm tg tlksk imkjas is dgopjrjbak tg tlk

sicìeidj`dk ge tlk Bgaslkvif Xjrty tg Dgoouìso> it wjs tlk

dggrmi`jti`c grcjìsjtig` egr jaa ajtkr pgaitidja crgups, i`daumi`c ja-Zjkmj

j`m Ljojs. Its ièauk`dk `gw kxtk`ms i`tg tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks vij DJIR.48

I` :945 okobkrslip ùobkrs i` tlk Brgtlkrlggm stggm jt jbgut <88 but

rgsk sljrpay tg 288,888 i` :94<. ]lis ojrfkm j` upwjrm trk`m iopgrtj`t

egr u`mkrstj`mi`c tlk Brgtlkrlggm’s ièauk`dk upg` tlk Ousaio oi`m. I`

tlgsk twg ykjrs, tlk Brgtlkrlggm kstjbaislkm itskae js j pgpuajrist (j`m

i`mkkm pgpuajr) ogvkok`t wlk` it dg`mudtkm j ojngr djopjic` i` Kcypt

egduskm jcji`st tlk Nkws. ]lis wjs iìtijtkm by Ljn Ouljookm Joi` ja-

Lusskiì, tlk Crj`m Oueti ge Nkrusjako. It wjs lk wlg grdlkstrjtkm j

rkbkaaig` i` Xjaksti`k mirkdtkm jcji`st Nkwisl iooicrjtig` ergo Kurgpk

j`m Russij spkdieidjaay.

Ja-Lusskiì’s j`ti-Nkwisl rlktgrid wjs i` sudl syopjtly witl Jmgae

Litakr’s tljt i` :9=: lk visitkm tlk Eulrkr i` Bkrai`. Lk bkdjok sg

ioprksskm witl lis paj`s lk mkdimkm tg rkoji` egr tlk murjtig` ge tlk wjr.

48 DJIR wjs stjrtkm by tlrkk egrokr kopagykks ge Ogusj Jbu Ojrzggf’s Isajoid

Jssgdijtig` ge Xjaksti`k (IJX) i` Jokridj. Slk` IJX wjs egrokm, Ojrzggf wjs j dlikeakjmkr ge Ljojs, j`m tlk purpgsk ge tlk dgooittkk wjs tg rjisk eu`ms egr Ljojs i`

Jokridj. Lk aivkm i` tlk [.T. egr := ykjrs i` tlk <8s j`m kjray 98s. ]gmjy Ojrzggf(i.k., Ousj Jbu-Ojrzuq6 Tj'im Jbu-Ojrzuq j`m gtlkr sudl `joks) is tlk durrk`tMkputy Xgaitidja Burkju Dlike ge Ljojs, gpkrjti`c i` kxiak gut ge Mjojsdus, Tyrij.

DJIR j`m tlk Ousaio Jokridj` Tgdikty wjs mksdribkm i` [.T. vs. Tjbri Bk`fjlaj, g`pjck ;< js bki`c egu`mkm by akjmkrs ge tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm. ]lk gtlkr egu`mkr geIJX is Tjoi ja-Jrij`, wlg is j dg`vidtkm tkrrgr suppgrtkr j`m wlgo DJIR stiaa

suppgrts tgmjy.

http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/Haj_Amin_El_Husseini.htm

http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/542.pdf

http://www.cair.com/ArticleDetails.aspx?ArticleID=24435&&name=n&&currPage=1&&Active=1




http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/542.pdf

http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/Haj_Amin_El_Husseini.htm



=8

Lk aivkm i` Bkrai` ergo :9=: tg :9=;, rkdruiti`c Ousaios i` Kurgpk egr tlk

Sjeek`-TT. Muri`c tlis pkrigm, lk jasg egrokm erik`mslips witl Lki`ridl

Liooakr j`m Jmgae Kidloj``.

Ja-Lusskiì dg`vi`dkm Litakr tljt lk wguam bk jbak tg pkrsujmk Ousaios

i` tlk Jrjb wgram tg djrry gut tlk kxtkroi`jtig` ge Nkws i` tlk Oimmak

Kjst, nust js tlk @jtig`ja Tgdijaists wkrk iopakok`ti`c tlkir ‑Ei`ja

Tgautig`‟ i` Kurgpk. ]lk dggrmi`jtkm paj`s dj` bk dgèirokm i` j

tkakcrjo sk`t tg Ja-Lusskiì by Liooakr i` @gvkobkr :9=4 wlidl rkjms>

‑]g tlk Crj`m Oueti> ]lk @jtig`ja Tgdijaist ogvkok`t ge Crkjtkr

Ckroj`y ljs, si`dk its i`dkptig`, i`sdribkm upg` its eajc tlk eicltjcji`st tlk wgram Nkwry. It ljs tlkrkegrk egaagwkm witl pjrtiduajrsyopjtly tlk struccak ge erkkmgo-agvi`c Jrjbs, kspkdijaay i`Xjaksti`k, jcji`st Nkwisl i`tkragpkrs. I` tlk rkdgcìtig` ge tlisk`koy j`m ge tlk dgoog` struccak jcji`st it aiks tlk eiroegu`mjtig` ge tlk `jturja jaaij`dk tljt kxists bktwkk` tlk @jtig`jaTgdijaist Crkjtkr Ckroj`y j`m tlk erkkmgo-agvi`c Ousaios ge tlk wlgak wgram. I` tlis spirit I jo sk`mi`c ygu g` tlk j`ìvkrsjry getlk ièjogus Bjaegur mkdajrjtig` oy lkjrty crkkti`cs j`m wislks egr

tlk suddksseua pursuit ge ygur struccak u`tia tlk ei`ja vidtgry. Tic`km>Rkidlseuklrkr T.T. Lki`ridl Liooakr.‟4:

Js Cjoi`gee `gtks (gp dit), Ja-Lusskiì stjtks i` lis okogirs jetkr tlk wjr

tljt>

‑Gur eu`mjok`tja dg`mitig` egr dggpkrjti`c witl Ckroj`y wjs jerkk lj`m tg krjmidjtk kvkry ajst Nkw ergo Xjaksti`k j`m tlk Jrjb

wgram. I jsfkm Litakr egr j` kxpaidit u`mkrtjfi`c tg jaagw us tg sgavktlk Nkwisl prgbako i` j oj``kr bkeitti`c gur `jtig`ja j`m rjdijajspirjtig`s j`m jddgrmi`c tg tlk sdik`tieid oktlgms i``gvjtkm byCkroj`y i` tlk lj`mai`c ge its Nkws.‟

Lk `gtks tljt tlk rjtlkr kìcojtid rkpay ergo Litakr wjs> ‑]lk Nkws jrk

ygurs‟.

4: Tkk j sdj` ge tlk tkakcrjo lkrk.

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=T2g2XA53UOEC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=%22To+the+Grand+Mufti:+The+National+Socialist+movement+of+Greater+Germany+has,+since+its+inception%22&source=bl&ots=eXNuaJXRlM&sig=eol1X-__zUw0rBZedEQoOTLnuoQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wHPGUJN5qLXRAe2XgdgB&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22To%20the%20Grand%20Mufti%3A%20The%20National%20Socialist%20movement%20of%20Greater%20Germany%20has%2C%20since%20its%20inception%22&f=false





=:

]lk kxtk`t ge tlk grcjìsjtig` j`m tlk Brgtlkrlggm’s jbkyj`dk tg

@jtig`ja Tgdijaist ièauk`dk kxtk`mkm tg tlk ygutl grcjìsjtig` ge tlk

pjrty kstjbaislkm by tlk Oueti wlidl>

‑… gpkrjtkm egr j tiok u`mkr tlk `jok “@jzi Tdguts’ j`m jmgptkmLitakr Ygutl-styak slgrts j`m akjtlkr bkats. Muri`c tlk :945-:949Xjakstiìj` rkvgat, tlk swjstifj wjs uskm js j ojrf ge imk`tity> Jrjbid akjeakts j`m crjeeiti wkrk aibkrjaay mkdgrjtkm witl it, Jrjbdliamrk` wkadgokm kjdl gtlkr witl tlk Litakr sjautk, j`m vjstùobkrs ge Ckroj` eajcs j`m pidturks ge Litakr wkrk mispajykm kvk`jt dkakbrjtig`s ge Ogljookm’s birtlmjy. J`yg`k gbaickm tg trjvkatlrgucl jrkjs i`vgavkm i` tlk Xjakstiìj` rkvgat wguam jttjdl jswjstifj tg tlkir vklidak tg wjrm gee jttjdfs by Jrjb sìpkrs .‟42

]lk Brgtlkrlggm’s grcjìsjtig` ge ojss mkog`strjtig`s i` Kcyptij` ditiks

muri`c tlk ajtk :948s getk` utiaiskm j`ti-Nkwisl sagcj`s. ]lky jasg

mistributkm j`ti-Nkwisl akjeakts wlidl djaakm egr j bgydgtt ge Nkwisl cggms

j`m slgps. ]lk Brgtlkrlggm’s `kwspjpkr, Ja-@jmlir, kvk` pubaislkm j

`kws dgauo` g` tlk sg djaakm ‑mj`ckr ge tlk Nkws‟ ge Kcypt.

‑]lrkk ykjrs ajtkr, tljt is wljt ljppk`km. I` Ojy :945, iookmijtkayjetkr tlk stjrt ge tlk Xjakstiìj` rkvgat, tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggmdjaakm egr j bgydgtt ge jaa Nkwisl busi`kssks i` Kcypt. I` ogsquksj`m ejdtgriks, tlk ruogur wjs sprkjm tljt tlk Nkws j`m Britisl wkrkmkstrgyi`c tlk lgay pajdks ge Nkrusjako. Eurtlkr ejask rkpgrts gelu`mrkms ge fiaakm Jrjb wgok` j`m dliamrk` dirduajtkm.‟

Jetkr tlk pubaidjtig` ge tlk Xkka Xaj`, tlk j`ti-Nkwisl jcitjtig` i`drkjskm,

dljrjdtkriskm by vigak`t, j`ti-Nkwisl mkog`strjtig`s i` Djirg, Jakxj`mrij

42 Tkk Nkwisl Xgaitidja Ttumiks Rkvikw :3>:-2 (Tpri`c 288;) @jtig`ja Tgdijaiso j`m J`ti-Tkoitiso i` tlk Jrjb Sgram Ojttlijs Fñ`tzka. Tkk jasg Rjae Bjafk, Mik Aj`mkscruppk mkr @TMJX i` Xjaísti`j, tlksis, [ìvkrsitít- Cksjotlgdlsdluak Kssk`,:993, pp. 2:=, 2:5 (Ckroj`)6 ]iaaoj``, Mkutsdlaj`ms Jrjbkrpgaitif, p. 3< (Ckroj`)6Erj`dis R. @idgsij, ]lk ]lirm Rkidl j`m tlk Xjaksti`k Zukstig` (Justi`> [ìvkrsity ge]kxjs Xrkss, :93;), p. 9<. Tkk jasg Iwg Ngrmj`, Jrjbkrjuestj`m. Krakbìssk u`m

Mgfuok`tk jus Xjaísti`j (Uik``j-Akipzic, :9=4), pp. 4, 93 (Ckroj`). Ngrmj` rkpri`tsj` kxjopak ge j` Jrjb-Xjakstiìj` akjeakt witl swjstifjs.



=2

j`m ]j`tj. J dgauo` k`titakm ‑]lk Ok`jdk ge tlk Nkws ge Kcypt‟ wjs

i`trgmudkm i` tlk Brgtlkrlggm’s ojcjzi`k Ja- @jmlir. I` it wkrk

pubaislkm tlk `joks j`m jmmrkssks ge Nkwisl busi`kssok` j`m Nkwisl

`kwspjpkrs ergo jdrgss tlk wgram. Jaa kvias, ergo dgoouìso tg brgtlkas,

wkrk jttributkm tg tlk ‑Nkwisl tlrkjt‟. I` Tkptkobkr :94<, tlk

Brgtlkrlggm jasg aju`dlkm j djaa egr pkgpak tg wkjr j`m dg`suok gày

cggms prgmudkm i` Isajoid dgu`triks j`m i` jaa pjrts ge Kcypt tg prkpjrk

tg kobjrf g` j niljm tg mkek`m tlk Ja-Jqsj Ogsquk i` Nkrusjako.‟44

Bry`njr Aij, j @grwkcij` listgrij`, rkdgu`ts tlk Brgtlkrlggm’s djopjic`

jcji`st tlk Nkws i` tlk :945-:94< pkrigm. Lk dajios it uskm `gt gày

vigak`t tjdtids, but jasg cakj`km dg`simkrjbak ei`j`dija suppgrt ergo tlk

@jtig`ja Tgdijaist Sgrfkr’s Xjrty itskae>

‑Mgduok`ts skizkm i` tlk eajt ge Siaalkao Ttkaabgck`, tlk Mirkdtgrge tlk Ckroj` @kws Jck`dy i` Djirg, slgw tljt prigr tg :949 tlkOusaio Brgtlkrlggm rkdkivkm ei`j`dija subsimiks ergo tlk CkrojÀkcjtig` i` Djirg. Ttkaabgck` wjs i`struok`tja i` trj`sekrri`c tlkskeu`ms ergo tlk @jzi rkciok tg tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm.‟

Ergo Jucust :94<, u`tia tlk k`m ge tlk Tkdg`m Sgram Sjr, Joi` ja-

Lusskiì rkdkivkm ei`j`dija j`m oiaitjry jssistj`dk j`m suppaiks ergo bgtl

Litakr’s Ckroj`y j`m ergo ejsdist Itjay, wlidl lk tlk` sk`t tg Kcypt j`m

Xjaksti`k. Ergo Bkrai`, lk pajykm j sicìeidj`t rgak i` i`tkr-Jrjb pgaitids.

Jt tlk sjok tiok, tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm bkdjok tlk eirst grcjìsjtig`

tg prgpjcjtk, jt akjst i` ogmkr` tioks, tlk jrdljid imkj ge vigak`t niljm.

44 Tkk Nkwisl Xgaitidja Ttumiks Rkvikw :3>:-2 (Tpri`c 288;) @jtig`ja Tgdijaiso j`m

J`ti-Tkoitiso i` tlk Jrjb Sgram Ojttlijs Fñ`tzka. Tkk jasg Fríokr, Oi`mkrlkit , pp.

298.6 Ka-Jwjisi, Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm , pp. 49, 38, 926 Xgrjtl, Xjakstiìj` Jrjb

@jtig`ja Ogvkok`t , p. :99.



=4

I` :94<, Ljssj` ja-Bj``j, tlk Brgtlkrlggm’s egu`mkr, pubaislkm lis

dg`dkpt ge Niljm i` j` jrtidak titakm ‑]lk I`mustry ge Mkjtl‟. Lkrk lk

wrgtk>

‑]g j `jtig` tljt pkrekdts tlk i`mustry ge mkjtl j`m wlidl f`gwslgw tg mik `gbay, Jaajl civks prgum aiek i` tlis wgram, j`m ktkr`jacrjdk i` tlk wgram tg dgok.‟

]lis sagcj` wjs k`tlusijstidjaay tjfk` up by tlk ‑]rggps ge Cgm‟, js tlky

bkdjok f`gw`, i` mkog`strjtig`s lkam i` tlk ajtk :948s i` Djirg.

Ojrdli`c i` egrojtig` tlky wkrk lkjrm tg si`c>

‑ Sk jrk `gt jerjim ge mkjtl, wk mksirk it. Akt us mik tg rkmkko Isajo.‟

Isajo’s j`ti-Nkwisl tk`mk`dy

]lk mkjtl duat ge ogmkr` Isajoid rjmidjaiso witl its ljtrkm egr Nkwssprj`c `gt gày ergo @jtig`ja Tgdijaist ièauk`dks, but jasg mrkw mirkdtay

g` trjmitig`ja Isajoid sgurdks. ]lkir jios ljvk bkk` suoojriskm by

Joi`gee i` tlk Jokridj` ]li`fkr ‑Isajoid Ejsdiso> tlk @jzi dg``kdtig`‟

js egaagws> 4=

• ]ljt Xjaksti`k (i`daumi`c prksk`t-mjy Isrjka) rkoji`s j` Isajoid

tkrritgry wlkrk, jddgrmi`c tg tlk Zurj`, Nkws ièauk`dk oust bk

durtjiakm kdg`goidjaay j`m pgaitidjaay. Isrjka, tlkrkegrk, slguam

imkjaay bk Nkw-erkk. Jt tlk vkry akjst Nkws tlkrk slguam bk rkakcjtkm

tg j subskrvik`t stjtus j`m slguam aivk u`mkr sljrij ajw.

• ]ljt tlk kxistk`dk ge j Nkwisl Ttjtk rkprksk`ts j dg`trjmidtig`

jcji`st tlk wgrm ge tlk Zur’j`. Js ag`c js Isrjka kxists i` Mjr-ja-

4= Tkk Cjry Joi`gee Jokridj` ]li`fkr ‑Isajoid Ejsdiso> tlk @jzi dg``kdtig`‟.



==

Isajo, tlk prkdkpts ge tlk Zur’j` jrk `gt bki`c euaeiaakm. It oust

tlkrkegrk bk mkstrgykm. ]lkrk jrk oj`y pjssjcks i` tlk Zur’j` j`m

i` tlk listgry ge Ouljoojm j`m lis dg`quksts tljt civk

nustieidjtig` tg tlk Isajoists egr tlis j`m tlkrkegrk tlk fiaai`c ge

Nkws.4;

Jetkr SS2, i` :9=5, tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm ojmk surk tljt tlk Crj`m

Oueti, wlg wjs tlk` bki`c sguclt js j wjr drioi`ja by bgtl Britji` j`m

tlk [.T., wjs crj`tkm jsyauo j`m dg`tiùkm lis pgaitidja rkic` i` Kcypt.

]lis wjs lypgdrisy dg`simkri`c Ja-Lusskiì ljm bkk` j dagsk jaay ge bgtl

tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm j`m tlk @jtig`ja Tgdijaists prkvigusay. I`

jmmitig` tg mirkdti`c Ousaio TT mivisig`s i` tlk Bjafj`s muri`c tlk

Tkdg`m Sgram Sjr, lk ljm jasg bkk` pkrsg`jaay rkspg`sibak egr bagdfi`c

`kcgtijtig`s ajtk i` tlk wjr tljt oiclt ljvk stgppkm ouatipak

kxtkroi`jtig`s.

By :9=5 bgtl Britji` j`m tlk [.T. wkrk jwjrk ge lis ièauk`dk j`m prkvigus

jdts, `kvkrtlkakss bgtl uatiojtkay dlgsk tg egrkcg drioi`ja prgskdutig` ge

Ja-Lusskiì, prksuojbay i` grmkr tg jvgim mjojci`c rkajtig`s witl tlk

Jrjb wgram. I` tlis Erj`dk wjs j` jddgopaidk, js it wjs lgami`c Ja-

Lusskiì, but tlk` mkaibkrjtkay rkakjskm lio jt tlk rkqukst ge tlk Jrjb

Akjcuk.

4; Tgok Grtlgmgx Nkwisl ogvkok`ts jasg ojfk tlk djsk egr tlk jbgaitig` ge Isrjka bjskm g` tlk prkdkpts i` tlk ]grjl. Rjbbi Mgvim Skiss bki`c g`k its ogst vgdja ]grjljaic`km jmvgdjtks. ]lk Ljrkmi rjbbi, j` jdtivist j`m spgfksoj` egr j oi`grity brj`dlge @kturki Fjrtj, j` j`ti-îgìst crgupi`c ljs stjtkm>

‑îgìso is j eu`mjok`tjaay lkrktidja ogvkok`t wlidl mkìks tlk mivi`kiopkrjtivk tljt Nkws rkoji` i` kxiak u`tia tlk mjy wlk` jaa oj`fi`m wiaa bkoirjduagusay rkmkkokm.‟



=;

Js Ojttlijs Fñ`tzka Nkwisl Xgaitidja Ttumiks Rkvikw, Nkwisl Xgaitidja

Ttumiks Rkvikw :3>:-2 (Tpri`c 288;), @jtig`ja Tgdijaiso j`m J`ti-

Tkoitiso i` tlk Jrjb Sgram stjtks>

‑Gpkày j`m f`gwi`c jbgut Jusdlwitz, lk ljm jmvgdjtkm tlk Tlgjl."Ckroj`y" lk mkdajrkm i` :9=4, ljs "mkdimkm tg ei`m j ei`ja sgautig`tg tlk Nkwisl ok`jdk, wlidl wiaa k`m tlis oisegrtu`k i` tlk wgram."@kvkrtlkakss, tlk Oueti's rkputjtig` rkoji`km i`tjdt jetkr :9=;. Lk wjs, tg bk surk, pkrsg`jaay rkspg`sibak bgtl egr tlk jtrgditiksdgooittkm by tlk Ousaio TT mivisig` i` Bgsìj j`m egr tlk mkjtlsge tlgusj`ms ge Nkwisl dliamrk` i` tlk Lgagdjust. Lgwkvkr, i` grmkr`gt tg ejaa gut witl tlk Jrjb wgram, tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks j`m Britji`rkerji`km ergo prgskduti`c lio, wliak Erj`dk, i` wlgsk dustgmy tlkOueti ljm bkk` si`dk :9=;, akt lio ksdjpk. Slk` g` :8 Nu`k :9=5tlk lkjmai`ks ge tlk wgram prkss j``gu`dkm tlk Oueti's "eaiclt" ergoErj`dk, "tlk Jrjb qujrtkrs ge Nkrusjako j`m jaa tlk Jrjb tgw`s j`m viaajcks wkrk cjraj`mkm j`m bkeajcckm, j`m tlk crkjt oj`'s pgrtrjit wjs tg bk skk` kvkrywlkrk." Sliak jo`kstyi`c tlk Oueti, tlk Jaaiksjasg rkljbiaitjtkm lis j`ti-Tkoitiso. Kvk` ogrk> tlk Jrjbs sjw i`tlk Oueti's iopuìty "`gt gày j wkjf`kss ge tlk Kurgpkj`s, but jasgjbsgautig` egr pjst j`m euturk gddurrk`dks," dgook`tkm Tiog` Siksk`tlja i` :9=3. @gw tlk prg-@jzi pjst bkcj` tg bkdgok "j

sgurdk ge primk, `gt sljok.‟‟45

Egr oj`y i` tlk Jrjb wgram, wljt jogu`tkm tg jo`ksty egr tlis

prgoi`k`t, prg-@jzi Ousaio, wjs uatiojtkay skk` js j vi`midjtig` ge lis

jdtig`s. Jrjbs stjrtkm tg vikw lis pjst witl primk rjtlkr tlj` sljok.

@jtig`ja Tgdijaists eakm i`tg tlk Jrjb wgram skkfi`c sj`dtujry bkdjusk ge

its syopjtliks. Bgtl kakok`ts dg`tiùkm tg mkvkagp tlk duaturk j`m

paj`tkm tlk skkms ge rjmidjaiso. ]lk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm’s sgaimjrity witl

Ja-Lusskiì j`m witl lis egrokr @jtig`ja Tgdijaist dgopjtrigts i` tlk

Oimmak Kjst wjs dg`sistk`t witl tlis. It kvk` akm tg j`ti-Nkwisl rigts

tlrguclgut Kcypt j`m tlk Oimmak Kjst sgg` jetkr tlk aibkrjtig` ge tlk

45 Tkk jasg Akwis, Tkoitks, p. :58, j`m Tiog` Siksk`tlja, Crgssoueti - mkr Crgssjck`tmkr Jdlsk (Uik``j> Rkim Ukrajc, :9=3), p. 2 (Ckroj`).



=5

dg`dk`trjtig` djops. It wjs i`midjtivk tgg ge ogrk oji`strkjo suppgrt

witli` tlk Kcyptij` cgvkròk`t itskae> egr i` :9=5, Yucgsajvij rkqukstkm

Kcypt kxtrjmitk Joi` Ja-Lusskiì egr wjr drioks j`m drioks jcji`st

luojìty, but tlk Kcyptij` cgvkròk`t rkeuskm tg rkakjsk lio.

Jetkr tlk wjr, Ja-Lusskiì uskm lis @jtig`ja Tgdijaist f`gwakmck ge

misiègrojtig` j`m prgpjcj`mj tg iopakok`t lis visig` ge j Oimmak Kjst

erkk ge Nkws. Bkaike i` j wgramwimk Nkwisl dg`spirjdy tg jttji` cagbja

pgwkr jasg `gtjbay oicrjtkm ergo Kurgpk tg tlk Oimmak Kjst, wlkrk it

eagurislkm.43

J` kspkdijaay strifi`c kxjopak ge its dg`tiùi`c ièauk`dk tgmjy is tlk

dljrtkr jmgptkm i` :9<< by tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm i` Xjaksti`k, `gw

f`gw` js Ljojs.4< I` tlis Dljrtkr, Ljojs mkei`ks itskae js tlk>

‑spkjrlkjm j`m tlk jvj`t-cjrmk ge tlk struccak jcji`st Sgramîgìso.‟

]lk dljrtkr eurtlkr dljrcks tlk Nkws witl uatiojtkay bki`c rkspg`sibak egr

bgtl wgram wjrs. It jasg dajios tlkrk kxists j cagbja îgìst ièauk`dk,

wlidl tlky imk`tiey js sgakay rkspg`sibak egr jaa tlk ojngr wjrs tljt ljvk

gddurrkm si`dk.

Isajo’s rjdija j`m rkaicigus i`tgakrj`dk ge `g`-bkaikvkrs

43 ]lksk spurigus dajios dg`dkrì`c Sgram Nkwry ajrckay ejia tg dg`simkr tljt Nkws jrk

`gt `kdkssjriay uìtkm i` tlkir vikws dg`dkrì`c kitlkr tlk jddkptjbiaity ge tlkkxistk`dk ge tlk Ttjtk ge Isrjka, `gr i` tlkir mksirk egr suprj`jtig`ja cagbja mgoi`j`dk!@kturki Fjrtj j`m sgok Tjtojr Ljsimid ]grjl jaic`km Nkws ojy bk skk` js jmvgdjtksge Nkwisl mijspgrj j`m kxiak. ]lky stj`m i` gppgsitig` tg tlk îgìsts wlg jmvgdjtktlk jtig` stjtk. It kkm ljrmay bk stjtkm ge dgursk tljt Ojrx js j ejtlkr ge Dgoouìso

wjs lioskae Nkwisl, but j lkrktid i` tlk rkaicigus sk`sk, j`m i` lis Nkwisl Zukstig`kssjy ljs getk` bkk` jdduskm ge bki`c j`ti-Tkoitid i` lis rkspg`sks tg Bjukr

dg`dkrì`c tlk pajdk ge rkaicig` i` lis wgram vikw.4< Egr tlk Ljojs Dljrtkr skk lkrk.

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=3

]lk oygpij ge tlk wkstkr` pkrspkdtivk i` rkspkdt tg Isajoid ejsdiso is g`k

tljt ajrckay ic`grks tlk listgridja dg`tkxt ge tlk j`ti-Nkwisl rksk`tok`t i`

tlk Oimmak Kjst. It wjs j prknumidk tljt ljm listgridja djusks wkaa bkegrk

Tkptkobkr ::tl. But i` tlis it ljs its rggts i` bgtl j pgaitidja j`m j rkaicigus

nustieidjtig`. I` tlis dg`tkxt, it is `g dgi`dimk`dk tljt tlk egdus ge tlk 9::

tjrckt by Isajoid Niljmists wjs @kw Ygrf, wlidl is dg`simkrkm tlk dk`trk

ge Sgram Nkwry. ]g ic`grk sudl prknumidk, wliast it jmvj`dks tlk dajio tljt

Isajoiso grici`jaay jrgsk purkay i` rkspg`sk tg rkdk`t Jokridj` j`m

wkstkr` i`dursig`s gvkrskjs is eggaljrmy. Eurtlkrogrk, it is j rgm ojmk by

rjmidjas bgtl jt lgok j`m jbrgjm tljt i`vitks `gt gày skae-agjtli`c, butsuboissig` tg j` i`drkjsi`c tlrkjt.49 =8

It is iopgrtj`t tg bk jwjrk ge u`mkrayi`c rjdija ljtrkm j`m tlk tk`mk`dy

tg imkgagcidja suprkojdiso vij j euaa listgridja dg`tkxt. ]lis is `kdkssjry

49 I` tlis dg`tkxt, tlk`, wlk` tlk 9/:: Dgooissig` rkpgrt stjtkm tljt Gsjoj BiÀjmk`’s crikvj`dk witl tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks gddurrkm i` rktjaijtig` tg spkdieid [.T.pgaidiks, tlk rkpgrt ic`grks tlk listgridja dg`tkxt. I`mkkm, u`mkrstj`mi`c tlk rkjaogtivk egr Isajoid Niljm, js j` u`mkrayi`c j`ti-Nkwisl prknumidk, is js iopgrtj`t jsu`mkrstj`mi`c misputks i` tkros ge pgaitids j`m wjr ie Isajoid ejsdiso is tg bksuddksseuaay mkjat witl.

=8 ]lk mieeiduat issuk ge j`ti-Tkoitiso is ge dgursk `gt jawjys dakjr dut j`m dj``gtsiopay bk vikwkm js j okrk misjcrkkok`t jcji`st j`yg`k gppgskm tg tlk stjtk ge Isrjka.Xjrtiduajray wlk` tlkrk kxist strg`c ]grjl jaic`km Nkwisl grcjìsjtig`s tljttlkoskavks jrk gppgskm tg its kxistk`dk.

I` g`k sk`sk Ousaios (js tlk dliamrk` ge Jbrjljo) jrk tlkoskavks Tkoitid i` grici`.Xrknumidk ge Nkws oust, tlkrkegrk, bk vikwkm js j wimksprkjm rjdija ljtrkm ge Nkwsspkdieidjaay, wlidl is `gt aioitkm tg j ljtrkm ge Nkws ge g`k gr ogrk mieekrk`t pgaitidjapkrsujsig`, gr kvk` tlgsk tljt prjdtidk tlk rkaicig` ge Numjiso pkr sk, js oj`y îgìstsjrk skduajr, gr g`-prjdtisi`c Nkws. It is ogrk kvimk`tay j rjdija prknumidk sustji`km byj pjrtiduajray Isajoid pgaitidg-rkaicigus i`tkrprktjtig` tljt sustji`s tlk `gtig` geIsajoid suprkojdiso. I` tlis sk`sk tgg, it dj``gt siopay bk ajbkaakm js ‑j`ti-Tkoitiso‟, but is bkst mkkokm ‑Numkgplgbid‟. It is dakjray rjdijaay spkdieid, j`m j`ti -Nkwisl i` j uìvkrsja sk`sk. It ei`ms its nustieidjtig` `gt gày i` pgaitidja dajios js tgj``kxkm tkrritgriks, gr tlk suppgskm gddupjtig` ge Xjaksti`k by îgìsts, but i` tlkrkaicigus kmidts ge tlk Isajoid tkxts jasg. It is g`k tljt `kkms tg bk dgobjttkm witlkmudjtig` prgcrjooks j`m j dakjrkr listgridja pkrspkdtivk. It is j lypgdrisy

dg`simkri`c its Isajoid dritids dai`c tg suprkojdist `gtig`s tlkoskavks.



=<

i` grmkr tg euaay jmmrkss prgbakos j`m prgvimk bkttkr sgautig`s tgmjy g`

tlk mgokstid erg`t. Okrkay skkfi`c tg jmmrkss pgaitidja issuks i` j

dg`tkopgrjry dg`tkxt witl j rktrgjdtivk rkspg`sk, stieakm by tlk cjc ge

pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss, dj`’t prgvimk j ajsti`c gr keekdtivk sgautig`.

I` tlis, tlk pgaitidij`s getk` wisl tg mrjw j misti`dtig` bktwkk` Isajoiso

(wlidl is i`lkrk`tay rjdist j`m jmvgdjtks pgaitidja suprkojdiso) j`m

Isajo wlidl is `g`-rjdist, paurjaistid j`m mkogdrjtid i` its jios j`m

gbnkdtivks. Xrgbakos witl tlis ck`krjaisjtig` jrisk lgwkvkr.

Isajo is j pgaitidg-rkaicigus imkgagcy j`m `gt ge dgursk j rjdk. I` tlis

dg`tkxt, jt j`y rjtk, tlk Zur’j` spkjfs mispjrjci`cay `gt ge rjdks pkr sk,

but ogrk ck`krjaay ge ‑`g`- bkaikvkrs‟ (fueejr).=: Its mkek`mkrs dajio it

spkjfs akss dritidjaay ge ‑Xkgpak ge tlk Bggf‟ (Nkws j`m Dlristij`s) gr js

Isis ljs rkdk`tay tkrokm Dlristij`s ‑Xkgpak ge tlk Drgss‟ js k`koiks j`m

ogrja subvkrsivks, tlj` it mgks ge tlgsk ge gtlkr ejitls.

Lgwkvkr, tlk egaagwi`c pjssjcks geekr dajrieidjtig` tljt j ogrk ck`krja

mismji` egr `g`-bkaikvkrs is kopljsiskm.

=: Fueejr gr Fjeejr is j liclay mkrgcjtgry Jrjbid tkro uskm tg rkekr tg `g`-Ousaios,tlgucl it ljs bkk` mkek`mkm js bki`c usujaay mirkdtkm akss jcji`st ‑Xkgpak ge tlk Bggf ‟ (Dlristij`s j`m Nkws) j`m ogrk jcji`st gtlkrs (Li`mus, Bummlists, Tli`tgists, ktd).]lis nustieidjtig` eaiks i` tlk ejdk ge tlko bki`c spkdieidjaay ok`tig`km by Ouljookmjs i`eimkas i` tlk Zur’j`.

Tkpjrjtk ajws cgvkr` Ousaios j`m ‑Fjeejrs‟ i` j` Isajoid stjtk, witl tlk ajttkr bki`c vidigusay supprksskm. Egr kxjopak> tlk baggm pjyok`t tg tlk ejoiay ge j ourmkrkmOusaio oj` i` Tjumi Jrjbij is :,888,888 Riyjas6 tlk pjyok`t tg tlk ejoiay ge jourmkrkm Li`mu wgoj` is 4,444 Riyjas.

‑ Jcji`st Fjeejrs ojfk rkjmy ygur strk`ctl tg tlk utogst ge ygur pgwkr,i`daumi`c stkkms ge wjr tg strifk tkrrgr i`tg tlk (lkjrts ge) tlk K`koy ge Jaajlj`m ygur k`koy, j`m gtlkrs bksimks, wlgo ygu ojy gt f`gw, but wlgo Jaajlmgks f`gw. Sljtkvkr ygu sljaa spk`m i` tlk Djusk ge Jaajl, sljaa bk rkpjim tg

ygu, j`m ygu sljaa `gt bk trkjtkm u`nustay.‟ (Zur’j`> <>58).



=9

Zur’j` =>9:- ‑Ie tlk u`bkaikvkrs mg `gt geekr ygu pkjdk, fiaa tlko wlkrkvkr ygu ei`m tlko. Jcji`st sudl ygu jrk civk` dakjr wjrrj`t.‟

Zur’j` 9>3-9- ‑Mg`’t ojfk trkjtiks witl `g`-Ousaios. ]lky jrk jaa

kviamgkrs j`m slguam `gt bk trustkm.‟

Zur’j` 9>:2-:=- ‑Eiclt tlk misbkaikvkrs! Jaajl is g` ygur simk6 lk wiaa civk

ygu vidtgry.‟

Zur’j` 9>; ‑Fiaa tlk `g`bkaikvkrs wlkrkvkr ygu ei`m tlko‟.

Zur’j` 2>:9:-2- ‑Fiaa misbkaikvkrs wlkrkvkr ygu ei`m tlko. Ie tlky jttjdf

ygu, tlk` fiaa tlko. Tudl is tlk rkwjrm ge misbkaikvkrs.‟

]lksk kmidts jppkjr `gt tg ojfk j rjdija, but j` imkgagcidja misti`dtig`

tljt tjrckts `g`-Ousaios ogrk ck`krjaay. [`mkr tlis rubrid, lgwkvkr, tlk

Zur’j` tlk` spkjfs i` mkrgcjtgry tkros spkdieidjaay ge Nkws j`m

Dlristij`s.

Zur’j` 9>29- ‑Eiclt jcji`st Dlristij`s j`m Nkws u`tia tlky pjy tlk tributk

rkjmiay, bki`c brguclt agw.‟

Zur’j` (;>;:) — ‑G ygu wlg bkaikvk! mg `gt tjfk tlk Nkws j`m tlk

Dlristij`s egr erik`ms6 tlky jrk erik`ms ge kjdl gtlkr6 j`m wlgkvkr

jog`cst ygu tjfks tlko egr j erik`m, tlk` surkay lk is g`k ge tlko6 surkay

Jaajl mgks `gt cuimk tlk u`nust pkgpak.‟

Zur’j` (2>5;-55) ‑Dlristij`s j`m Nkws oust bkaikvk wljt Jaajl ljs

rkvkjakm tg Ouljoojm gr Jaajl wiaa miseicurk tlkir ejdks gr tur` tlko i`tg

jpks, js lk mim tlk Tjbbjtl-brkjfkrs.‟

Zur’j` (=>=<, =>::5)- ‑]lgsk wlg jsdribk j pjrt`kr tg Jaajl (aifk

Dlristij`s mg witl Nksus j`m tlk Lgay Tpirit) wiaa `gt bk egrcivk`. ]lky

lj vk i`vk`tkm j trkok`mgus si`.‟



;8

Zur’j` (=>;:)- ‑Nkws j`m Dlristij`s bkaikvk i` imgas j`m ejask mkitiks, ykt

tlky dajio tg bk ogrk ricltay cuimkm tlj` Ousaios.‟

Zur’j` (;>;:) ‑Mg`’t tjfk Nkws gr Dlristij`s egr erik`ms. Ie ygu mg, tlk`

Jaajl wiaa dg`simkr ygu tg bk g`k ge tlko.‟

]lksk pjssjcks skrvk tg sustji` j`m nustiey prknumidk i` tkros ge

Dlristij`s, wlg jrk `gt rjdijaay spkdieid, but j rjdiso dljrck dguam bk

akvkaakm i` rkspkdt tg tlk Nkws js bgtl j rjdk j`m j rkaicig`. I` dg`trjst,

tlk egaagwi`c pjssjcks i`midjtk lgw tlk Zur’j` j`m Isajo jrk tg bk

mkkokm tlk uatiojtk jutlgrity.

‑G ygu wlg ljvk bkk` civk` tlk Tdripturk! Bkaikvk i` wljt Sk ljvk

rkvkjakm dg`eiroi`c wljt is (jarkjmy) witl ygu…‟Zur’j` =>=3.

‑Ukriay, it is Sk wlg ljvk sk`t mgw` tlk Zur’j` j`m surkay, Sk wiaa cujrm

it (ergo dgrruptig`).‟ (Zur’j` :;>9).

I` tlis, tlk `g`-Ousaio ojy bk mkdkivkm, pagttkm jcji`st, ljtkm,

k`sajvkm, ogdfkm, tgrturkm j`m wgrsk. ]lk wgrm is usujaay trj`sajtkm js

‑u`bkaikvkr‟, but tlis dgoog` trj`sajtig` is tgg aioitkm, js it is agcidjaay

j`m kogtig`jaay `kutrja, wlkrkjs ‑Fjeejr‟ i` tlk dg`tkxt ge oj`y ge tlksk

pjssjcks is ogrk ge j prknumidkm j`m ljtkeua pkngrjtivk.

]lkrk jrk oj`y rkaicigus `joks egr Fjeejr> pgaytlkists, imgajtkrs, ‑Xkgpak

ge tlk Bggf ‟ (Dlristij`s j`m Nkws), Bummlists, jtlkists, jc`gstids, j`m

pjcj`s. ]lk tkro tk`ms tg dgvkr jaa wlg jrk `gt Ousaio. Sljtkvkr tlk

rkaicigus `jok civk`, tlky jrk jaa tg bk trkjtkm tlk sjok. Sliast tlis is

ogst aifkay gt j rjdijaay bjskm misdrioi`jtig`, but imkgagcidja gr rkaicigus,

it ykt mk`gu`dks j`y tljt lgam mieekrk`t vikws j`m pri`dipaks ge ejitl js



;:

ioogrja j`m ièkrigr j`m kvk` mj`ckrgus, kvk` ie sgok rkaicigus imkjs

dakjray dgrrkajtk tlkgagcidjaay j`m bkaikvkrs j`m `g`-bkaikvkrs dguam bk ge

tlk sjok rjdk.=2

=2 Dlristij` j`m Nkwisl tlkoks wkrk i`dgrpgrjtkm i`tg tlk Zur’j`, wliast Nkwisl`kssmk`gtks bgtl j rjdk j`m j rkaicig`. Sliast tlksk jrk spkdieikm `kvkrtlkakss, tlkprknumidk j`m dg`mko`jtig` is i`dausivk tg ogrk ck`krja djtkcgriks jasg, js wljtOgljookm sjim j`m mim tg pgaytlkists, egr kxjopak, dj` bk mg`k tg j`y djtkcgry geFjeejr w;9.2> Ljtrkm egr tlk sjfk ge Jaajl j`m agvk egr tlk sjfk ge Jaajl is djaakm Ja

Sjajj wj ja Bjrjj, j eu`mjok`tja pri`dipak ge Isajoid ktlids j`m Tljrij. J Ousaio istg ljtk wljt Jaajl ljtks j`m agvk wljt Jaajl agvks. Jaajl ljtks tlk Fjeejr, tlkrkegrk, jOusaio is tg jdt jddgrmi`cay.

=8>4; ]lky VFjeejrs_ wlg misputk tlk sic`s VZur’j` vkrsks_ ge Jaajl witlgut jutlgrityljvi`c rkjdlkm tlko jrk crkjtay ljtkm by Jaajl j`m tlk bkaikvkrs VOusaios_. Tg Jaajlskjas up kvkry jrrgcj`t, mismjièua lkjrt.

l<.2=> It is gt pkroissibak tg civk zjfjt Vdljrity_ tg j Fjeejr, gr tg sgokg`k wlgo g`kis gbaickm tg suppgrt sudl js j wiek gr ejoiay okobkr.

J Fjeejr dj` bk ogdfkm>

<4>4= G` tljt mjy tlk ejitleua wiaa ogdf tlk Fjeejrs, wliak tlky sit g` brimja dgudlksj`m wjtdl tlko. Tlguam `gt tlk Fjeejrs bk pjim bjdf egr wljt tlky mim7

J Fjeejr dj` bk bklkjmkm>

=3>= Slk` ygu k`dgu`tkr tlk Fjeejrs g` tlk bjttakkam, dut gee tlkir lkjms u`tia yguljvk tlgrguclay mkekjtkm tlko j`m tlk` tjfk tlk prisg`krs j`m tik tlko up eiroay.

J Fjeejr dj` bk pagttkm jcji`st>

<5>:; ]lky pagt j`m sdlkok jcji`st ygu VOgljookm_, j`m I pagt j`m sdlkok jcji`sttlko. ]lkrkegrk, mkja djaoay witl tlk Fjeejrs j`m akjvk tlko jag`k egr j wliak.

J Fjeejr dj` bk tkrrgriskm>

<>:2 ]lk` ygur Agrm spgfk tg Lis j`ckas j`m sjim, ‑I wiaa bk witl ygu. Civk strk`ctl tgtlk bkaikvkrs. I wiaa sk`m tkrrgr i`tg tlk Fjeejrs’ lkjrts, dut gee tlkir lkjms j`m kvk` tlktips ge tlkir ei`ckrs!‟

J Ousaio is `gt tlk erik`m ge j Fjeejr>

4>2< Bkaikvkrs slguam `gt tjfk Fjeejrs js erik`ms i` prkekrk`dk tg gtlkr bkaikvkrs.]lgsk wlg mg tlis wiaa ljvk `g`k ge Jaajl’s prgtkdtig` j`m wiaa gày ljv k tlkoskavksjs cujrms. Jaajl wjr`s ygu tg ekjr Lio egr jaa wiaa rktur` tg Lio.



;2

]lk Zur’j` jasg prgogtks j` u`yikami`c vikw js tg tlk suprkojdiso ge tlk

Isajoid ejitl js kspguskm by tlk Xrgplkt, js it is vikwkm js tlk ei`ja

rkvkajtig` j`m is tlkrkegrk jbsgautk j`m jutlgritjtivk.=4 I` dg`trjst, j

tkopgrjry jaaij`dk tg oji`tji` mivisig`, missk`t j`m dgèusig` i` tlk

djops ge tlkir rkdgcìskm k`koy is jasg j dakjr strjtkcy. ]lis is uskm tg

jdlikvk suprkojdiso. ]lus, wliast sgok skkoi`cay ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Ousaios

dajio tg bk jmvgdjtks ge kqujaity, jppkjri`c uìtkm i` tlkir dg`dkr` egr

tlis, it is `gt `kdkssjriay bjskm g` jmvgdjti`c `jturja riclts rkjmiay

imk`tieijbak gr syopjtlktid witl wkstkr` vjauks, but ogrk j dg`dkr` tg

jdlikvk Isajoid mgoi`j`dk.

]lk iopkrjtivk rksts g` j suprkojdist ktlgs tg prgpjcjtk tlk jbsgautk

vjauks ge Isajo js j dlike dg`dkr`. Kqujaity gr tgakrj`dk is i` tlis sk`sk

nustieikm tkopgrjriay i` grmkr tg bri`c tlk wgram dagskr tg tlk ogrk imkja

J Fjeejr is kvia>

24>93 J`m sjy> Gl oy Agrm! I skkf rkeuck witl Ygu ergo tlk succkstig`s ge tlk kviag`ks VFjeejrs_. J`m I skkf rkeuck witl ygu, oy Agrm, ergo tlkir prksk`dk.=4 Tgok sudl js Ngsluj Dglk`, Ij` Ajcuk, Fljakm Jbgu Ka Ejma, ]lk pajdk ge tgakrj`dki` Isajo, Bkjdg` Xrkss, 2882, p. 24, wisl tg dajio tljt tlk Zur’j` j`m gtlkr Isajoidmgduok`ts jawjys spkjf ge tgakrj`t, prgtkdtivk bkaikes, wlidl ljvk bkk` oisuskm,oisqugtkm, j`m oisi`tkrprktkm by bgtl Isajoid kxtrkoists j`m Isajogplgbks. BrudkBjwkr, Turrk`mkr> Jppkjsi`c Isajo, Tjdrieidi`c Erkkmgo, Rj`mgo Lgusk, I`d., 2883,p. :;2, jaakcks tljt Tjumi Jrjbij` pri`dks ljvk okrkay eu`mkm i`stitutig`s tg pji`tjddusjtig`s ge Isajoid suprkojdiso js ‑Isajogplgbid aiks‟ tg eurtlkr tlkir cagbjapgwkr dg`dkr`s.

Gtlkr writkrs sudl js Ojrf S. Toitl, ‑]lk Geeidija Lj`mbggf ge tlk Ujst Riclt-Si`cDg`spirjdy 288<> ]lk Jrcuok`ts Ygu @kkm tg Mkekjt tlk Agg`y Aket ]lis Kakdtig`

Ykjr‟, Rkc`kry, 2883 (p. 23) pgsit j ‑pgisg`gus, vigak`t, Isajoid suprkojdist drkkm‟.Gtlkrs sudl js Rgbkrt Tpk`dkr, ‑Ttkjatl niljm> lgw rjmidja Isajo is subvkrti`c Jokridj

witlgut cu`s gr bgobs‟, Rkc`kry, 288< (p. :8:, 284, 283) bkaikvk suprkojdiso is

i`lkrk`t witli` tlk ejitl ge Isajo itskae.



;4

vjauks ge j djaipljtk.== I` gtlkr wgrms, tlk Isajoid stjtk j`m its

nurisprumk`dk ge sljrij oust uatiojtkay rkic` suprkok. Js j prgskaytisi`c

== Sljt ‑djaipljtk‟ mk`gtks ljs ljm oj`y mieekrk`t i`tkrprktjtig`s i` tlkgry j`mprjdtisk mgw` tlk dk`turiks, but eu`mjok`tja tg tlko jaa is j` imkj ge akjmkrslip,

wlidl is jbgut tlk nust grmkri`c ge Ousaio sgdikty jddgrmi`c tg tlk wiaa ge Cgm. Tgokljvk jrcukm tljt tlk Djaipl is tlk sljmgw ge Cgm g` Kjrtl, j oj` wlgsk jutlgrity isskoi-mivi`k j`m wlgsk dg`mudt is witlgut bajok. Gtlkrs bkaikvk lk is gày tlk dlikekxkdutivk ge tlk Ousaio dgoouìty (uooj) js it wkrk, j` grmi`jry luoj` witl

wgramay pgwkrs. ]lkrk is j wimk spkdtruo ge imkjs i` bktwkk`. ]lk Isajoid iopkrjtivklgwkvkr is dakjr, js jaa jrk iègrokm by tlk mksirk tg skk Cgm’s wiaa wgrfkm gut jog`cjaa Ousaios.

ITIT’ imkj dakjray ljs its rggts mkkp i` Isajoid trjmitig`. ]lky ojmk tlk rkvivja ge j

djaipljtk j fky imkj ge its pgaitidja prgnkdt. ]lk rkspg`sk tlis ljs ck`krjtkm jog`cstsgok Ousaios slgws tlk pgtk`dy ge tlk imkj jaogst := dk`turiks si`dk it eirst kokrckm.Egr ogmkr` Isajoists skjrdli`c egr j bjsis tg dg`strudt j vijbak pgaitidja visig` egr tlkrkvivja ge tlk Ousaio dgoouìty (uooj), tlk kvk`ts ge tlk egur dk`turiks bktwkk`tlk mkjtl ge tlk Xrgplkt Ouljoojm i` 542 j`m tlk dgoi`c ge tlk Drusjmkrs tg tlkOimmak Kjst i` :893 jrk jt g`dk j` i`spirjtig` j`m j nustieidjtig` egr its rkegu`mi`c.

]lk imkj prgvks tg bk j` i`spirjtig` pjrtay bkdjusk tlky ljrf bjdf tg j wgram i` wlidltlk djaipljtk wjs tlk ogst pgwkreua j`m jmvj`dkm pgaity i` tlk wlgak ge wkstkr`Kurjsij, wlk` Bjclmjm ljm j pgpuajtig` ge sgok ljae j oiaaig`, wliak Ag`mg` j`mXjris gày ljm j ekw tlgusj`m i`ljbitj`ts. Muri`c tlis pkrigm, it jmoiìstkrkm luckjrkjs witl j stj`mi`c jroy j`m Bjclmjm j`m Djirg wkrk luck dk`trks ge trjmk j`mduaturk.

Egr sgok Ousaios, tlk listgry ge tlk djaipljtk pgi`ts tg j cgamk` tiok wlk` Ousaios wkrk Cgm-ekjri`c j`m mkvgut, puritjìdja j`m skae-misdipai`km, j`m jawjys wiaai`c tgsjdrieidk tlkir aivks i` tlk pjtl ge Jaajl. ]lis visig` is `gt siopay j `gstjacid okogry,js tlis j`dik`t pjst nustieiks tlk prksk`t egr dkrtji` Isajoist crgups. Rkjmi`c sudldg`tkopgrjry prgpjcj`mj js tlk ITIT pkrigmidja Mjbi q, tlk Isajoid rkekrk`ts jrk dakjr.]lk jdts ge tlk Xrgplkt Ouljoojm jrk getk` ditkm, tlk sjlj bj wlg wkrk lisdgopjìg`s j`m misdipaks, j`m tlk kjray djaipls jrk jasg ok`tig`km. Ie tlky mimsgoktli`c, tlk jrcuok`t cgks, tlk` wk slguam egaagw tlkir kxjopak. @g eurtlkr

nustieidjtig` is `kkmkm, j`m kvk` tlk ogst bjrbjrid jdtig`s rkquirk `g eurtlkr misputk,js tlky dj` bk slgw` tg bk egaagwi`c tlk kxjopaks ge tlk crkjt lkrgks ge tlk pjst. Skdj``gt u`mkrstj`m wljt tlksk i`sistk`t vgidks jrk sjyi`c, stiaa akss jrcuk jcji`st tlko,uàkss wk tgg jdquji`t gurskavks witl Isajo’s listgry.

Oj`y Ousaios ljvk kobrjdkm tlk jrcuok`t tljt sudl j` i`stitutig` is tlk bkst wjy gegrmkri`c luoj` sgdikty, but djaipljtk ojy bk i`tkrprktkm vjrigusay j`m tlkrk is `gg`k pjttkr` ge bkljvigur by tlk djaipls tlkoskavks, akt jag`k j si`cak tkopajtk gr akcjaerjokwgrf wlidl prkdiskay mkei`ks it. But it is prkdiskay tlis i`kxjdt qujaity wlidl ljsk`jbakm tlk imkj tg survivk sg ag`c j`m ljvk trjdtig` i` sg oj`y mieekrk`t Ousaiosgdiktiks. Egr sgok Ousaios tgg, tlk imkj wiaa jawjys dgjaksdk j`m bk dg`tkxtujaiskmjrgu`m Isajo. But tlis siopak okj`s tlk jddkptj`dk jcji` ge ùokrgus pkrspkdtivks



;=

ejitl tlis is tlk uatiojtkay cgja ge Isajo. [atiojtkay tlkir prksk`t dg`dkr`s

(egr kxjopak witl kqujaity) tljt gvkrtay jppkjr ogmkrjtk wiaa bk mispk`skm

witl, g`dk tlkir gbnkdtivks tg eurtlkr Isajo jrk jttji`km. ]lis jio wguam

`gt bk j dg`dkr` ie wkstkr` aibkrjaiso wjs dgopjtibak witl tlk bjsid tk`kts

ge Isajo, but it dakjray is`’t. I` tlis, tlk`, Isajo stj`ms i` dg`trjst tg

aibkrjaiso j`m ogrja rkajtiviso. ]lkir prksk`t luoj` riclts dgorjmks

oiclt wkaa tur` i`tg tlkir euturk k`koiks js ‑`g`- bkaikvkrs‟. Isajoid

suprkojdiso wiaa bk jmvgdjtkm j`m mliooitumk gr k`sajvkok`t ge `g`-

bkaikvkrs uatiojtkay kègrdkm. ]lkrk jrk listgridja rkekrk`ts prgvi`c tlis

tk`mk`dy ljs gddurrkm tlrguclgut Isajo’s prgcrkssig` i` tlk pjst. It is

ge wljt tljt k`tjias i` bkaike, ejitl j`m pgaitidja prjdtisk. Kqujaay, Ousaios dj` dlggsktg tjfk wljt tlky wj`t ergo tlis trjmitig`, js tlkrk jrk ùokrgus listgrid kxjopaks.]lky dj` dlggsk j djaipljtk wlidl is jccrkssivk j`m eikrdkay dg`trgaai`c ge tlkpgpuajtig` gr ei`m prkdkmk`ts i` tlk vjst listgridja rkdgrms tljt ru` dgu`tkr tg it. ]lkydj` dlggsk j djaipljtk wlidl is ck`krgus j`m gpk` tg mieekrk`t imkjs j`m dustgos

wliak, ge dgursk, rkojiì`c truk tg its visig` ge Cgm’s wiaa j`m purpgsk. Js LuclFk``kmy i` writi`c ge lis ‑Djaipljtk> tlk listgry ge j` imkj‟ (Bjsid, 28:5) stjtks i`]iok Imkjs>

‑]lkrk jrk tlgsk wlg skk djaipljtk js j vklidak egr iopgsi`c tlkir pjrtiduajr j`m getk` vkry `jrrgw vikw ge Isajo g` tlk uooj6 tlkrk jrk gtlkrs wlg skk djaipljtk js j nustieidjtig` egr jioi`c jt wgram dg`qukst6 but tlkrk jrk kqujaay tlgsk wlg skkdjaipljtk js siopay prgvimi`c j erjokwgrf i` wlidl Ousaios dj` strivk tg aivk j cgmayaiek j`m ojfk up tlkir gw` oi`ms jbgut tlk bkst wjy tg tlis. ]lkrk jrk tlgsk wlg ljvkaggfkm tg tlk djaipl js Cgm’s rkprksk`tjtivk g` kjrtl witl skoi-mivi`k pgwkrs6 gtlkrs

wlg ljvk skk` lis rgak js prgtkdti`c tlk Ousaio dgoouìty ergo its k`koiks bydgaakdti`c tjxks j`m rjisi`c jroiks. J`m wk slguam `gt egrckt tlgsk wlg rkokobkr

witl primk tlk gpk`, brgjm-oi`mkm j`m i`dausivk sgdiktiks prksimkm gvkr by tlk crkjt Jbbjsim j`m Ejtioim djaipls j`m tlk supkrb i`tkaakdtuja j`m jrtistid jdlikvkok`ts tlkyk`dgurjckm.‟

Lis dg`dausig` bki`c ‑tljt tlk listgry ge tlk djaipljtk, j`m Isajoid listgry ogrkck`krjaay, oust `gt bk tlk pgsskssig` ge g`k i`tkrprktjtig` gr g`k `jrrgw vikw, rjtlkr

wk slguam jaa, Ousaio j`m `g`-Ousaio jaifk, rkngidk i` tlk ridl`kss j`m vjrikty ge tlkkxpkrik`dk ge djaipljtk tlrgucl tlk jcks.‟

J` jdjmkoid j`m ogmkrjtk vikw, but `gt j pgaitidja vikw, `gr tljt ge j bkaikvkr.Fk``kmy tk`ms tg u`mkrkstiojtk tlk mj`ckr ge pgpuajrisi`c tlk dg`dkpt jog`cst tlkdg`tkopgrjry Ousaio dgoouìty tljt dguam bk prky tg its ogrk rjmidjai`tkrprktjtig`s.



;;

jasg liclay aifkay i` tlk euturk, bjskm g` its kopljsis g` tlk ogrja j`m

rkaicigus subvkrsig` tljt `g`-bkaikvkrs rkprksk`t.

I` dg`trjst, tg jdlikvk tlk suprkojdy ge Isajo, driks ge vidtiolggm j`mrjdiso jcji`st tlkoskavks jrk sojaa sdjak strjtkciks uskm tg eurtlkr tlk

djusk j`m misjbak tlkir pkrdkivkm k`koy. By usi`c tlk vjauks ge pgaitidja

dgrrkdt`kss, tlky eurtlkr Isajo ogrk ck`krjaay. Driks ge rjdiso jrk ajrckay

utiaiskm js j mkeakdtig`, wliast bkogjì`c rjdija prknumidk, k`dgurjci`c

tlk jbsgautiso ge tlkir ejitl, j`m uatiojtkay kvk` i`diti`c oiaitjry dgèaidt.

]lksk strjtkciks tgg getk` mispajy j lypgdritidja stj`dk i` tlk aiclt ge tlkir

truk i`tk`tig`s.

Is Isajo j rkaicig` gr j pgaitidja imkgagcy7

G`k jrcuok`t dg`dkrì`c tlk rkaicigus kakok`t ge Isajo skkfs tg mkvjauk

it i` tlk trukr ogrja sk`sk by stjti`c it ljs `g jmlkrk`dk tg tlk ojxio ge

tlk Cgamk` Ruak, gr ktlid ge rkdiprgdity. ]lis kssk`tijaay stjtks (i` its

pgsitivk egro) tljt g`k slguam jttkopt tg trkjt gtlkrs js g`k wguam aifk

gtlkrs tg trkjt g`kskae. J trjit dljrjdtkristid ge jaa gtlkr wgram rkaicig`s but

ajdfi`c i` Isajo.

J skdg`m jrcuok`t okrkay kopljsisks j rkaicigus mkeidit witl j` jppkja

tg its akcja ekjturks. ]lis is tlk fi`m tljt dj` bk egu`m i` ‑]lk ]riuopl ge

tlk Skst‟ by N.O. Rgbkrts wlg writks>

‑Jatlgucl wk djrkakssay spkjf ge Isajo js j “rkaicig`’6 tljt wgrmdjrriks oj`y gvkrtg`ks ge tlk spkdija listgry ge Skstkr` Kurgpk.]lk Ousaio is priojriay j okobkr ge j dgoouìty, tlk egaagwkr gej dkrtji` wjy, j` jmlkrk`t tg j systko ge ajw, rjtlkr tlj` sgokg`klgami`c pjrtiduajr tlkgagcidja vikws.‟



;5

Xrgekssgr [rbji` Ukrokuak`, tlk egrokr Xrksimk`t ge tlk Kurgpkj` [ìg`

ge Jrjbists j`m Isajoidists, jasg tk`ms tg vikw Isajo js bki`c priojriay j

systko ge ajw, rjtlkr tlj` j rkaicig`. ]lk Jokridj` pgaitidja sdik`tist

Ojrf Jakxj`mkr tgg k`tkrs tlk erjy j`m kopljsisks tlk pgaitidja gvkr tlk

spirituja miok`sig` jsskrti`c>

‑G`k ge gur crkjtkst oistjfks is tg tli`f ge Isajo js nust j`gtlkrg`k ge tlk wgram’s crkjt rkaicig`s. Sk slguam`’t. Isajo is pgaitids grit is `gtli`c jt jaa, but, ge dgursk, it is pgaitids witl j spiritujamiok`sig` wlidl wiaa stgp jt gtli`c u`tia tlk Skst is g ogrk, u`tiatlk Skst ljs … bkk` wkaa j`m truay Isajoiskm.‟

]lksk jrk `gt nust stjtkok`ts dgèi`km siopay tg gppg`k`ts ge Isajo.

Isajoid sdlgajrs geekr suppgrt j`m tlkir stjtkok`ts dg`dkrì`c tlk `jturk

ge Isajo getk` ditk pjssjcks ergo tlk Zur’j`, tlk Tirjl j`m tlk Ljmitl. J`

kxjopak wguam bk Jbua Jaj Ojumumi, tlk ièauk`tija 28tl dk`tury

Xjfistjì tli`fkr, wlg stjtkm>

‑Isajo is `gt okrkay j rkaicigus drkkm but j rkvgautig`jry imkgagcyj`m niljm rkekrs tg tljt rkvgautig`jry struccak … tg mkstrgy jaa stjtksj`m cgvkròk`ts j`ywlkrk g` tlk ejdk ge tlk kjrtl, wlidl jrkgppgskm tg tlk imkgagcy j`m prgcrjo ge Isajo.‟

Jai Ti`j tgg, j` Irjìj` Isajoid jpgstjtk rksimk`t i` Dj`jmj, pgi`ts gut

tljt>

‑]lk rkjsg` I jo jcji`st Isajo is `gt bkdjusk it is j rkaicig`, but

bkdjusk it is j pgaitidja imkgagcy ge iopkrijaiso j`m mgoi`jtig` i`tlk cuisk ge rkaicig`. Bkdjusk Isajo mgks `gt egaagw tlk Cgamk` Ruak,it jttrjdts vigak`t pkgpak.‟=;

]lk rggts ge Isajo i`mkkm slgw tljt Ouljoojm’s gbnkdtivk wjs eirst tg

dg`qukr lis gw` pkgpak, tlk Jrjbs, j`m uìey tlko u`mkr lis ruak, bkegrk

=; Rkekrk`dks jasg mrjw` ergo Ckkrt Siamkrs’ spkkdl, Cksdlrkvk`> 82, Gdtgbkr 28:8.



;3

dg`qukri`c tlk wgram. Mim tlis iopkrjtivk grici`jtk js j rkvgautig`jry

pgaitidja imkgagcy, j rkaicigus bkaike systko gr bgtl i` sgok pgaitidg-

rkaicigus lybrim7

Sliast sgok oiclt dajio tljt tlk grici`ja djusk ge Isajo wjs priojriay

pgaitidja j`m bjdfkm by oiaitjry egrdk, tlk qukstig` ge it bki`c i`spirkm by

rkaicigus ejitl stiaa rkoji`s. It is iopgrtj`t bkdjusk tlis kopljsis jt akjst

prgvimks tlk bjsis ge j` jrcuok`t tljt oiclt nustiey j` jatkr`jtivk

rkegrokm trukr rkaicig` ge pkjdk. G`k trukr tg tlk tk`kts ge wljt Isajo

grici`jaay wjs, bkegrk tlk oiaitjry j`m pgaitidja jspkdts mkvkagpkm js j

mkpjrturk.

Jddgrmi`c tg listgry, it wjs i` 5:8 tljt Ouljoojm egu`mkm Isajo i`

Okddj jetkr tlk J`cka Cjbrika visitkm lio egr tlk eirst tiok. ]lk eirst twkavk

ykjrs dljrjdtkriskm it js j rkaicig` ge pkjdk, rjtlkr tlj` g`k ge pgaitidja

usurpjtig` j`m wjr-aifk struccak. Lgwkvkr, tlis rkaicig` j`m its priojry

jios tg dgoou`idjtk tlk rkvkajtig`s ge tlk Xrgplkt wjs `gt j suddkss.

I` 522, Ouljoojm koicrjtkm tg Yjtlrib, j prkmgoi`j`tay Nkwisl gjsis,

witl lis sojaa bj`m ge :;8 egaagwkrs. ]lkrk lk kstjbaislkm tlk eirst ogsquk

i` listgry wlk` lk tggf gvkr pgaitidja pgwkr. Lk tlk` cjvk Yjtlrib tlk

`jok ge Okmi`j, wlidl okj`s tlk ‑Dity ge tlk Xrgplkt‟, j`m bkcj` lis

djrkkr js j oiaitjry j`m j pgaitidja akjmkr wlg wk`t g` tg dg`qukr Jrjbij.

Ge iopgrtj`dk lkrk, tlk Isajoid djak`mjr stjrts g`ay witl tlk linrj, gr

‑oicrjtig`‟ tg Okmi`j6 tlk prkdisk ogok`t wlk` Isajo mkvkagpkm ergo

j` i`keekdtivk but pkjdkeua rkaicig`, tg j pgwkreua pgaitidja, but

`kvkrtlkakss vigak`t, rkvgautig`jry ogvkok`t. ]lis kopljsis skks Isajo

`gt siopay js j rkaicig`, but priojriay js j pgaitidg-rkaicigus ogvkok`t.

Js j pgaitidg-rkaicigus ogvkok`t, Isajo kxlibits j bkaike systko tljt

jmvgdjtks bgtl pkjdk j`m wjr. It dj``gt tlkrkegrk siopay bk misti`cuislkm



;9

ruaks tljt i`mivimuja Ousaios oust pkregro j`m jbimk by i` tlkir mjy-tg-

mjy aivks.

]lis kjraikr Okddj` Zur’j` (ie it dj` bk tkrokm sg stjrfay js sudl) jppkjrstg egro j bjsis egr j rkaicig` tljt brimckm sgok ge tlk cjps j`m

dg`trgvkrsiks bktwkk` tlk Dlristij`s j`m tlk Nkws. Slkrkjs Dlristij`s

`g ag`ckr egaagwkm oj`y ge tlk Ruaks ge Fjslrut, tlk Nkwisl miktjry ajws,

tlk Zur’j` rki`stjtkm oj`y ge tlksk ajws. But i` tlk Okddj` Zur’j`, tlk

imkj ge j` kyk egr j` kyk ruak jppkjrs tg ljvk bkk` rkpajdkm by j ogrk

Dlristij` j`m tlkrkegrk tkopkrkm sk`sibiaity. I` oj`y wjys, tlk Okddj`

Zur’j` mispajys j` jttkopt jt j dgoprgoisk, tljt wguam jppkja tg tlgsk

Nkws wlg egu`m okrit i` tlk Dlristij` tkjdli`cs but rkeuskm tg rkai`quisl

sgok bjsid Nkwisl trjmitig`s. It jasg oiclt ljvk bkk` writtk` tg jppkja tg

tlgsk Dlristij`s wlg wkrk `gt tgtjaay dgoegrtjbak witl ljvi`c aket sg

oudl ge Numjiso bkli`m.

Kitlkr wjy, j djsk dj` bk ojmk tljt Ouljoojm’s pkjdkeua okssjck grici`jaay skt gut tg prkjdl lis rkvkajtig` j`m grici`jaay cakj` dg`vkrts

ergo Jrjb imgajtkrs, j`m kvk` ergo jog`c Dlristij`s j`m Nkws. ]lk

ojngr gbstjdak i` lis keegrts wjs tlk pkrigm ge prgspkrity tlis dgi`dimkm

witl. Xkgpak wkrk ajrckay dg`tk`t witl tlkir durrk`t wjy ge aiek j`m, js

sudl, wkrk ajrckay dg`tk`t `gt tg jddkpt dlj`ck. Ouljoojm’s rkspg`sk tg

tlis rktidk`dk tg j`gtlkr dgopkti`c pkjdkeua ejitl jppkjrs tg ljvk bkk`

g`k i`drkjsi`cay ogrk ljrmai`k j`m bgr`k ge erustrjtig`, js wkaa js

u`mgubtkm ekrvk`dy js tiok wk`t g`. Kvk`tujaay lis prgskaytisi`c bkdjok

sg egrdkeua tljt kvk`tujaay lk wjs dgopkaakm tg akjvk Okddj jaa tgcktlkr.

[pg` lis jrrivja i` Okmi`j, Ouljoojm dg`tiùkm lis oissig`. Iìtijaay

lk dg`tiùkm tlk pkjdkjbak j`m tgakrj`t wgrms tljt jppkjr tg ljvk dlikeay

dljrjdtkriskm lis Okddj` oissig`. ]lk iìtija Okmi`j` pkrigm, lgwkvkr,



58

wjs mieeiduat, j`m lis egaagwkrs ljm ykt tg bkdgok ei`j`dijaay sgavk`t

witli` tlk sgdikty ge Okmi`j.

]lk ktlgs slietkm g`dk ogrk wlk` Ouljoojm `gt gày jaagwkm egr tlkrjimi`c ge tlk trjmk djrjvj`s but baksskm tlk jdtig`s j`m prjiskm tlk

rjimkrs. ]lis `jturjaay upskt oj`y ge tlk okrdlj`ts, wlg wkrk mkpk`mk`t

g` tlksk djrjvj`s egr tlkir aivkailggm. ]lis, dgobi`km witl tlk rknkdtig`

ge tlk grici`ja tkjdli`c by oudl ge tlk Nkwisl tribks i` Okmi`j, cjvk wjy

tg j` ksdjajti`c vigak`dk, j`m ei`jaay j ojngr jttjdf by Ouljoojm ’s

egaagwkrs upg` tlk Bjù-@jmlir Nkws.

Muri`c tlis pkrigm, Ouljoojm sagway stjrtkm tg rkvkja tlk pjrts ge tlk

Zur’j` ergo Okmi`j. Lk ljm grici`jaay ruakm tljt Ousaios oust prjy

ejdi`c Nkrusjako, but gppgsitig` ergo tlk Nkws djuskm lio tg rkpajdk

Nkrusjako js tlk dk`trk ge ejitl witl Okddj. Lis `kwkr rkvkajtig`s wkrk

ck`krjaay ogrk ljrmai`k j`m ljm tlk Nkws js tlk priojry egdus ge tlis

vigak`dk. ]lk Okmi`j` tkxts jasg i`dgrpgrjtkm oudl ge tlk ogrja bakssi`cs ge vigak`dk j`m djrjvj` rjimi`c tjfk` ergo tlk Jrjb tribks, wlg

ljm tlrivkm g` tlksk vk`turks. ]lis akm oj`y ge tlksk tribks tg jmgpt tlk

`kwkr egro ge Isajo js j rkaicigus j`m ogrja dgèirojtig` ge tlkir

jdtivitiks, tlus suppayi`c Ouljoojm witl j sizkjbak jroy j`m i`drkjsi`c

lis pgwkr j`m ièauk`dk.

It oiclt bk tgg siopaistid tg dajio tlk kokrci`c vigak`t ktlgs ge Isajo js

j wjrrigr rkaicig` dj` siopay bk skpjrjtkm ergo tlk pkjdkeua, kjraikr

tk`mk`dy. ]lis tgg kjsiay ic`grks Isajo’s listgridja mkvkagpok`t j`m its

dk`turiks ge sdlgajrslip j`m pkrspkdtivks tljt kobrjdkm bgtl.

]lk prgbako ge misk`tj`cai`c vigak`t j`m pkjdkeua tk`mk`diks is sioiajray

rkeakdtkm i` tlk ei`ja j`m priojry kmidt>



5:

‑eiclt jaa ok` u`tia tlky sjy “]lkrk is `g cgm but Jaajl‟ .

Egr tlgsk skkfi`c j rkegro ge Isajo j`m j` isgajtig` ge its pkjdkeua

tk`mk`diks witl j listgridja dgu`tkr jrcuok`t lgwkvkr, it dguam bkdajiokm, js Ouljoojm rkdgu`ts i` lis ei`ja jmmrkss, tljt tlk kmidt wjs i`

jddgrmj`dk witl tlk Zurj`id dgooj`m (surj <>49)>

‑Eiclt tlko u`tia tlkrk is `g ogrk missk`sig` j`m tlk rkaicig` isk`tirkay Jaajl’s.‟

]lk jobicuity lkrk is typidja ge tlk `jturk ge tlk oixkm prgbako ge

pjssjcks j`m mgubak okj`i`cs. ]lk ajttkr sk`sk mgks gt mispka j`y gtig`

ge it siopay `kcjti`c j spirituja iopkrjtivk. It is ogrk tljt tlk priojry

iopkrjtivk i` itskae mgks `gt `kcjtk tlk wjci`c ge j spirituja wjr egr tlk

lkjrts ge oi`ms ge `g`-bkaikvkrs. I` tlis bgtl wjr j`m spirituja

mkvkagpok`t bkdjusk i`tiojtkay ai`fkm j`m rkmkei`km. ]lk ajtkr pjssjcks

i` tlis, tlk`, dj``gt siopay bk tlguclt ge js ajdfi`c j spirituja gr rkaicigus

dgopg`k`t, siopay bkdjusk tlky kxlgrt vigak`dk.

]lis surj sioiajray rkeakdts tlk pgaitidg-rkaicigus `jturk ge Isajo itskae j`m

tlk mieeiduaty ge misti`cuisli`c its mispjrjtk rkaicigus j`m pgaitidja

kakok`ts, wlidl jrk ajrckay i`tkroi`cakm tg nustiey tlk djusk. Js tlk kmidt

iopaiks, issuks rkoji` js tg prkdiskay wlidl rkaicig` is Jaajl’s, j`m jasg tlk

kxtk`t tg wlidl rkaicigus ejitl is euaeiaakm gr dgopakok`tkm by j vigak`t

pgaitidja iopkrjtivk. Dakjray suboissig` lkrk is tlk jio i` kitlkr djsk, egr

j pkrdkivkm ogrja jio, but tlkrk is j` issuk js tg wlktlkr j rkaicigus

iopkrjtivk dj` siopay bk skpjrjtkm i` j spirituja `g`- vigak`t sk`sk ergo

tlk vigak`t kmidt tg ‑eiclt tlko‟, wlidl jppkjrs tg bk j` i`tri`sid

dgopg`k`t ge wljt Isajo rkquirks.

]lk styak j`m kopljsis ge tlk Okddj` j`m Okmi`j` surjs



52

G`k ge tlk crkjt mieeiduatiks dgèrg`ti`c j rkjmkr ge tlk Zur ’j` is tlk

ck`krja ajdf ge dlrg`gagcy i` tlk skquk`dk ge its dljptkrs. Dgopgu`mi`c

tlis mieeiduaty is tlk ejdt tljt oj`y ge tlk surjs jrk dgopgsitk dljptkrs ge

pjssjcks mjti`c ergo bgtl Ouljoojm’s ykjrs ge prkjdli`c i` Okddj j`m

lis ykjrs js akjmkr ge tlk Ousaio dgoouìty i` Okmi`j. @kvkrtlkakss, js

pgi`tkm gut bkegrk, tlk slgrtkr, ogrk strifi`c surjs, ck`krjaay mjtk ergo

tlk ogrk pkjdkeua Okddj` pkrigm j`m tlk ag`ckr, akcjaistid, sgokwljt

duobkrsgok pjssjcks ge tlk ajtkr surjs mjtk ergo tlk ogrk vigak`t

Okmi`j` pkrigm.

]lk kjray Okddj` surjs jrk sgokwljt sioiajr j`m dg`dk`trjtk g` tlk

rkaicigus issuks, wlidl eirst ioprksskm tlkoskavks upg` Ouljoojm>

`jokay tlk wjywjrm`kss ge lis pkgpak, tlk numcok`t tg dgok, j`m tlk

mksti`y ge jaa ok` tg lkjvk` gr tg lkaa. Lkrk is j typidja pjssjck>

‑G oj`. Sljt ljs skmudkm tlkk ergo tly Agrm Ogst Bk`keidk`t7Lio Slg drkjtkm tlkk, ejslig`km tlkk i` muk prgpgrtig`, j`m cjvk

tlkk j nust bijs6 I` wljtkvkr Egro Lk wiaas, mgks Lk put tlkotgcktlkr. @jy! But yk mg rknkdt Riclt j`m Numcok`t! But vkriay gvkr ygu (jrk jppgi`tkm j`ckas) tg prgtkdt ygu, fi`m j`m lg`gurjbak, writi`c mgw` (ygur mkkms)> ]lky f`gw j`m u`mkrstj`m jaa tljt ykmg. Js egr tlk Ricltkgus, tlky wiaa bk i` Baiss6 j`m tlk Sidfkm, tlky wiaa bk i` tlk Eirk, wlidl tlky wiaa k`tkr g` tlk Mjy ge Numcok`t,j`m tlky wiaa `gt bk jbak tg fkkp jwjy tlkrkergo. J`m wljt wiaakxpaji` tg tlkk wljt tlk Mjy ge Numcok`t is7 Jcji`, wljt wiaakxpaji` tg tlkk wljt tlk Mjy ge Numcok`t is7 (It wiaa bk) tlk Mjy

wlk` `g sgua sljaa ljvk pgwkr (tg mg) juclt egr j`gtlkr> Egr tlkDgooj`m, tljt Mjy, wiaa bk (wlgaay) witl Cgm.‟ Turj <2.5-:9.

]lrguclgut tlksk kjray pjssjcks, Ouljoojm stj`ms egrtl purkay js g`k

sk`t tg djaa lis pkgpak tg tlk cggm j`m tg jmogìsl tlko jcji`st tlk

puìslok`ts jwjiti`c kviamgkrs. ‑ Ukriay ygu jrk but j wjr`kr‟ I``jojj



54

j`tj ou`tlir — (surj 39.=;), is tlk jmmrkss egu`m i` vjrigus egros i` tlksk

pjssjcks.=<

]lk rkaicigus (rjtlkr tlj` tlk pgaitidja iopkrjtivk) dj` bk nustieikm lkrk,js Ouljoojm is skvkrja tioks rkoi`mkm, i` tlk Okddj` pkrigm, tljt lis

gày tjsf is tg spkjf ergo tlk lkjrt (ja-bjajcl), j`m i` tlis tg bk j mivi`k

dgoouìdjtgr.=9 ]lk crkjt missk`sig` bktwkk` pjcj` Jrjb imgajtry j`m

tlk kxdausivk uìty ge Cgm gày dgoks tg tlk egrk i` tlk ajtkr Okddj` surjs.

I` tlk sjok wjy, Jaajl (wlidl is tlk `jok egr Cgm) gày bkci`s tg jppkjr

witl rkcuajrity i` tlksk ajtkr Okddj` surjs. ]lk ogrk iopkrsg`ja jr-Rjbb

(tlk Agrm) j`m g`k ogrk i` ai`k witl tlk Numjkg- Dlristij` kpitlkt, bki`c

ck`krjaay prkekrrkm i` tlk vkry kjraikst surjs.

I` Ogljookm’s eirst skrog`s, tlk j``gu`dkok`t ge tlk Mjy ge Numcok`t

is oudl ogrk prgoi`k`t tlj` tlk imkj ge tlk uìty ge Cgm, j`m it wjs

jcji`st lis rkvkajtig`s dg`dkrì`c tlk K`m Mjys tljt lis gppg`k`ts

mirkdtkm tlkir sjtirk j`m dritidiso muri`c tlk eirst twkavk ykjrs.;8

]lk ck`krjaay prgplktid dljrjdtkr ge tlk Okddj` surjs, js gppgskm tg tlk

akcjaistid egro ge ogst ge tlk Okmi`j` surjs, ck`krjaay dljrjdtkrisks tlk

kjraikr witl ejr ogrk crj`mkur j`m luoiaity bkegrk Cgm tlj` tlgsk tljt

djok ajtkr. Js j` kxjopak, g`k kjray surj jmmrksskm tg Ouljoojm

dgook`ms itskae jssurkmay tg j`y si`dkrk rkjmkr ge tlk Zur’j`>

‑By tlk Cagrigus Ogrì`c Aiclt, j`m by tlk @iclt wlk` it is stiaa,]ly Cujrmij`-Agrm ljtl `gt egrsjfk` tlkk, `gr is Lk mispakjskm. J`m vkriay tlk lkrkjetkr wiaa bk bkttkr egr tlkk tlj` tlk prksk`t. J`msgg` wiaa tly Cujrmij`- Agrm civk tlkk (tljt wlkrkwitl) tlgu sljat bk wkaa-pakjskm. Mim Lk `gt ei`m tlkk j` grplj` j`m civk tlkk

=< Tkk jasg surjs 3=.2 j`m <3.9 i` tlis rkspkdt.

=9

Drjcc, ‑]lk Kvk`t ge tlk Zur’j`‟ (p. :=5).;8 Lurcrg`nk, ‑Ogljookmjìso‟ (p. 4=).



5=

slkatkr (j`m djrk)7 J`m Lk egu`m tlkk wj`mkri`c, j`m Lk cjvk tlkkcuimj`dk. J`m Lk egu`m tlkk i` `kkm j`m ojmk tlkk i`mkpk`mk`t.]lkrkegrk, trkjt `gt tlk grplj` witl ljrsl`kss, `gr rkpuask tlkpktitig`kr (u`lkjrm)6 but tlk Bgu`ty ge tly Agrm - Rklkjrsk j`m

prgdajio!‟ Turj 94.:-::.

J ck`krja misti`dtig` dj` bk misdkr`km bktwkk` tlk si`dkrk rkaicigus

wjr`kr ge Okddj j`m tlk sgokwljt gppgrtuìstid pgaitidja ruakr ge Okmi`j

bjskm g` tlksk surjs, but tlk ajdf ge dlrg`gagcy i` tlk Zur’j` itskae tk`ms

tg u`dkrtji`ty.

G`k dj``gt lkap wg`mkri`c wljt listgry wguam ljvk ojmk ge Ouljoojm

ljm lk bkk` fiaakm nust bkegrk lis oicrjtig` tg Okmi`j. Dkrtjiày, lis ykjrs

i` Okddj, dljrjdtkriskm by tlk ei`k spirit ge jt akjst sgok Zur’jìd

pjssjcks, akjvk j ck`krjaay pgsitivk ioprkssig` ge lis aiek ’s oissig` j`m

vjauks js j pkjdkeua j`m spirituja g`k, but it is `gt g`k tljt dj` bk

u`djtkcgridjaay stjtkm js dakjr dg`simkri`c lis gusti`c ergo Okddj js j

pgtk`tija rkaicigus j`m pgaitidja subvkrsivk.

]lk bkci`ì`c ge wljt oiclt bk tkrokm tlk ‑rkaicigus pkrigm‟ wjs tlk erkk,

lg`kst j`m si`dkrk kxpj`sig` ge j spirituja oi`m ogvkm by j prgegu`m

dg`vidtig` egr misdkrì`c tlk trutl, j`m by j si`dkrk mksirk g` tlk

Xrgplkt’s pjrt tg rjisk lioskae j`m tlk` lis ogst i`tiojtk erik`ms j`m

rkajtig`s j`m ajtkr tlk k`tirk dgoouìty ge Okddj tg mivi`k

u`mkrstj`mi`c. [`mgubtkmay, lgwkvkr, tlis ogrja iopkrjtivk cjvk wjy tg

j sgokwljt mgcojtid oissig`jry zkja, j`m tlk` j pgaitidja oissig`,

suppgrtkm by j` ktlgs tljt wjs akss jbgut tgakrj`dk j`m ogrk jbgut

dg`vkrsig`.;: J tk`mk`dy wlidl listgridjaay ljs bkk` sioiajray

dljrjdtkristid ge Dlristijìty itskae.

;: Djktjì, "]lk Mkvkagpok`t ge Ogljookm’s Xkrsg`jaity ‟, ]lk Ousaio Sgram, Uga.=, (p. 454).



5;

G`k ge tlk kjsikst wjys ge misti`cuisli`c bktwkk` tlk twg pkrigms is tlk

oj``kr ge jmmrkss i` tlk Okmi`j` surjs. Slkrkjs tlk Okddj` pjssjcks

usujaay spkjf tg Ouljoojm lioskae, gr tg ok` ck`krjaay, tlk Okmi`j`

pjssjcks jrk getk` jmmrksskm tg Ouljoojm’s subnkdts witl tlk

i`trgmudtig` ‑G yk wlg bkaikvk!‟. ]lk ajttkr mispajyi`c j rjtlkr ogrk

mgcojtid jssuoptig`. Sljt egaagws is getk` ge j akcisajtivk `jturk, wlkrk

tlk ajws ge sljrij (oj`y ge wlidl jarkjmy kxistkm) bkci` tg dgjaksdk j`m

bkdgok ièuskm witl tlk pjssjcks mjti`c ergo Ouljoojm’s oicrjtig` tg

Okmi`j. ]lk Okddj` surjs, tlk`, jrk prgplktid i` dljrjdtkr j`m strifi`c

i` rkaicigus styak, wlkrkjs tlk ajtkr jrk ck`krjaay ogrk akcjaistid j`m ogrkdg`vgautkm.

]lk Okmi`j` surjs jrk ck`krjaay dg`dkr`km witl djopjic`s,

dgèisdjtig`s, dustgos, j`m bkljvigur, rjtlkr tlj` witl pjtrijrdls j`m

prkjdli`c.;2 ]lky mkja witl tlk jbgaitig` ge usury (2.23<), tlk ajws ge

i`lkritj`dk (=.::-:2), tlk prglibitkm mkcrkks ge rkajtig`slip (=.24), tlk

prgpkrty ge grplj`s (=.5-:8), tlk prglibitig`s g` wi`k j`m cjobai`c

(;.94-9=), ktd. J` kxjopak mkjai`c witl tlk `kkm tg rkmudk jaa dg`trjdts tg

writi`c, j`m jasg tg ljvk tlko wit`ksskm, iaaustrjtks tlksk dg`dkr`s>

‑G yk wlg bkaikvk. Slk` yk mkja witl kjdl gtlkr, i` trj`sjdtig`si`vgavi`c euturk gbaicjtig`s i` j eixkm pkrigm ge tiok, rkmudk tlkotg writi`c. Akt j sdribk writk mgw` ejitleuaay js bktwkk` tlk pjrtiks>akt `gt tlk sdribk rkeusk tg writk> js Cgm ljs tjuclt lio, sg akt lio writk. Akt lio wlg i`durs tlk aijbiaity midtjtk but akt lio ekjr lisAgrm Cgm j`m `gt mioiìsl juclt ge wljt lk gwks.‟ (Turj 2.2<2).

]lk wlgak vkrsk, g`k ge tlk ag`ckst i` tlk Zur’j`, ojfks egr tkmigus

rkjmi`c j`m dg`trjsts witl tlk sljrp, spiritujaay pgktid kxdajojtig`s ge

;2 Drjcc lk Djaa ge tlk Oi`jrkt‟ (p.<2).



55

tlk kjraikr surjs. Js Bkaa, ‑]lk Grici` ge Isajo i` its Dlristij`

K`virgòk`t‟ (p.95) `gtks>

‑]lk sagvkài`kss, tlk trjiai`c sk`tk`dks, tlk okdljìdja rlyoks getlk ajtkr pgrtig`s ge tlk Zur’j` ljvk getk` bkk` rkojrfkm g`.‟

]rittg`, ‑Isajo‟ (p. :5) ojfks j sioiajr dgook`t g` tlk ck`krjaay

uì`spiri`c dljrjdtkr ge tlk Okmi`j` surjs>

‑]lk sk`tk`dks jrk ag`c j`m u`wikamay sg tljt tlk lkjrkr ljs tgaistk` djrkeuaay gr lk wiaa oiss tlk rlyok jatgcktlkr6 tlk aj`cujckljs bkdgok prgsk witl rlyoi`c wgrms jt i`tkrvjas. ]lk subnkdt

ojttkr is ajws, dgook`ts g` pubaid kvk`ts, stjtkok`ts ge pgaidy,rkbufks tg tlgsk wlg mim `gt skk kyk tg kyk witl tlk prgplkt, Nkwskspkdijaay, j`m rkekrk`dks tg lis mgokstid trgubaks. Lkrkiojci`jtig` is wkjf j`m stgdf plrjsks jrk mrjcckm i` tg dg`dkja tlkpgvkrty ge imkjs tlgucl gddjsig`jaay tlk kjraikr k`tlusijso burstsgut.‟

G`k ge tlk ogst sicìeidj`t misti`dtig`s bktwkk` tlk twg pkrigms is tlk

jogu`t ge jttk`tig` wlidl tlk Zur’j` pjys tg Ouljoojm lioskae. I` tlk

ajtkr surjs lk stj`ms dk`trk stjck, bkeitti`c ge j` jbsgautk pgaitidja akjmkr,

wlkrkjs jatlgucl tlk Okddj` surjs jrk getk` mirkdtay jmmrksskm tg lio,

lk is vkry rjrkay tlk subnkdt ge tlk rkvkajtig`s pkrsg`jaay. I` tlk Okmi`j`

surjs, lgwkvkr, lk rkcuajray dgoks tg tlk egrk. Xjssjcks mkjai`c witl tlk

Mjy ge Numcok`t j`m tlk mksti`y ge oj`fi`m civk wjy tg `kw rkvkajtig`s

dg`dkr`km oudl ogrk witl tlk iookmijtk dg`dkr`s ge lis privjtk aiek. Lk

is civk` spkdija pkroissig` tg kxdkkm tlk aioit pajdkm g` Ousaios `gt tg

tjfk ogrk tlj` egur wivks jt j tiok (44.;8-;2), bkaikvkrs jrk dgooj`mkm

tg sjautk lio (44.;5), j`m jrk kvk` civk` stridt mktjias rkcjrmi`c ktiqukttk

tg bk gbskrvkm wlk` jpprgjdli`c lis qujrtkrs>

‑G yk wlg bkaikvk! K`tkr `gt tlk Xrgplkt's lgusks, u`tia akjvk iscivk` ygu, egr j okja, (j`m tlk`) `gt (sg kjray js) tg wjit egr its

prkpjrjtig`> but wlk` yk jrk i`vitkm, k`tkr6 j`m wlk` yk ljvk tjfk` ygur okja, mispkrsk, witlgut skkfi`c ejoiaijr tjaf. Tudl (bkljvigur)



53

j``gys tlk Xrgplkt> lk is jsljokm tg misoiss ygu, but Cgm is `gtjsljokm (tg tkaa ygu) tlk trutl.‟ (Turj 44.;4).

]lksk pjssjcks civk tlk ioprkssig` ge j crgwi`c dljrjdtkr j`m j`

iopgsi`c prksk`dk, bkeitti`c ge j oiaitjry akjmkr, stjtksoj` j`m

dgooj`mkr. ]lky dg`trjst sljrpay witl tlk luobak tg`k ge j` kjraikr

surj, wlkrk lk is rkbufkm egr jaiclti`c j bai`m oj` wlg djok tg lio tg

k`quirk jbgut lis okssjck wliak lk wjs dgurti`c wkjatly, pjcj`, Jrjb

okrdlj`ts>

‑(]lk Xrgplkt) ergw`km j`m tur`km jwjy, bkdjusk tlkrk djok tg

lio tlk bai`m oj` (i`tkrrupti`c). But wljt dguam tkaa tlkk but tljtpkrdlj`dk lk oiclt crgw (i` spirituja u`mkrstj`mi`c)7 Gr tljt lkoiclt rkdkivk jmogìtig`, j`m tlk tkjdli`c oiclt prgeit lio7 Js tgg`k wlg rkcjrms lioskae js skae-sueeidik`t, tg lio dgst tlgu jttk`m6tlgucl it is `g bajok tg tlkk ie lk crgw `gt (i` spiritujau`mkrstj`mi`c). But js tg lio wlg djok tg tlkk strivi`c kjr`kstay,j`m witl ekjr (i` lis lkjrt), ge lio wkst tlgu uòi`meua. ‟ (Turj<8.:-:8).

Muri`c tlk Okmi`j` pkrigm, Ouljoojm bkcj` tg rkcjrm lioskae js Cgm’ssuprkok jpgstak j`m ei`ja okssk`ckr tg jaa oj`fi`m, j`m `gt siopay j

‑ wjr`kr‟ tg tlk Jrjbs. ]lk kxjatkm iojck lk gbtji`s i` tlk ajtkr pjssjcks,

j`m tlk jttk`tig` pjim tg lis pkrsg`ja jeejirs, dljrjdtkrisks oudl ge tlk

Okmi`j` surjs. ;4

Gtlkrwgramay kxpkrik`dk tk`ms tg civk wjy tg ogrk wgramay dg`dkr`s. Jt

tlk sjok tiok, tlk stgriks ge tlk Bibaidja prgplkts jrk rkejslig`km i`tg j

ejiray rkcuajr egro rkeakdti`c lis gw` kxpkrik`dks j`m tlk dgursk ge kvk`ts.

Oj`y ge tlksk stgriks dg`sist ge mijagcuks bktwkk` j prgplkt j`m lis

fi`sok`, i` wlidl tlk egrokr prkjdlks og`gtlkiso j`m riclt-aivi`c tg

tlk ajttkr wlg ljvk strjykm ergo tlk pjtl (@gjl, 2:.35-336 Jbrjljo,

;4 Js Djktjì, ‑]lk Mkvkagpok`t ge Ouljoojm's Xkrsg`jaity‟, ]lk Ousaio Sgram, Uga. =, (p. 45:) jsskrts>



5<

43.<4-996 ktd.). ]lksk rjtlkr rkeakdt j dg`dkr` tg kstjbaisl j ogrk ojturk

rkaicig` witl j tlkgagcidja mgcoj j`m jrk tg bk vikwkm js j mkvkagpok`t

ergo tlk grici`ja purkay pkrsg`ja, ogrk oystidja kxpkrik`dks. I`mkkm, tlk

dg`vkrsjtig`s jrk dgudlkm i` prkdiskay tlk sjok aj`cujck uskm by

Ouljoojm i` mkbjtk witl lis gw` Okddj` fi`sok`. Lum, tlk prgplkt ge

tlk “ Jm pkgpak, is sjim tg ljvk misdgurskm witl lis dgu`tryok` i` tlis

oj``kr>

‑G oy pkgpak! Sgrslip Cgm! Yk ljvk `g gtlkr cgm but Lio‟ . . . tlkakjmkrs ge tlk u`bkaikvkrs jog`c lis pkgpak sjim ‑J l! Sk skk tljt

tlgu jrt j` iobkdiak‟ . . . Lk sjim ‑G oy pkgpak! I jo `g iobkdiak, but (I jo) j` jpgstak ergo tlk Agrm j`m Dlkrislkr ge tlk Sgrams! . .. Mg yk wg`mkr tljt tlkrk ljtl dgok tg ygu j okssjck ergo ygurAgrm tlrgucl j oj` ge ygur gw` pkgpak, tg wjr` ygu7‟ . . . ]lky sjim>‑Dgokst tlgu tg us, tljt wk ojy wgrslip Cgm jag`k, j`m civk up tlkduat ge gur ejtlkrs7 Bri`c us wljt tlgu tlrkjtk`kst us witl, ie sg bktljt tlgu tkaakst tlk trutl!‟ Lk sjim . . . ‑Misputk yk witl ok gvkr`joks wlidl yk ljvk mkviskm - yk j`m ygur ejtlkrs - witlgutjutlgrity ergo Cgm7 ]lk` wjit> I jo jog`cst ygu, jasg wjiti`c.‟(Turj 3.5;-3:).

]lis pjssjck jaogst pkrekdtay syobgaisks Ouljoojm’s gw` struccak witl

tlk pjcj` Okddj`s. Lk tgg dg`dk`trjtks g` prgdajioi`c tlk uìty ge Cgm,

but wjs rknkdtkm js ‑g`k pgssksskm‟, j`m aifkwisk mkek`mkm lis dajios. ;=

Js Nkeekry, ‑]lk Zur’j` js Tdripturk‟, p. =3, sjys ge Ouljoojm's

tk`mk`dy tg prkdis tlk stgriks ge tlk egrokr prgplkts tg eit lis gw`

kxpkrik`dks>

‑ Sljt, lgwkvkr, is ge ogrk i`tkrkst tg gur prksk`t stumy is tljt tlkstgriks ge tlk prkvigus prgplkts, i` wlgsk suddkssig` lk dajios tg

;= Lum, js i` jaa tlk Zur’jìd stgriks ge tlk prgplkts it rkdgrms, is ojmk tg mksdribk Jaajl i` typidjaay Zur’jìd tkros js ‑]lk Agrm j`m Dlkrislkr ge tlk Sgrams‟. Jcji`,tlkrk is tlk kopljsis g` tlk prgplkt bki`c djaakm ergo lis gw` pkgpak wlg, lgwkvkr,prkekrrkm tlk duat-wgrslip ge tlkir j`dkstgrs. Ouljoojm aifkwisk tlrkjtk`km lispkgpak witl mkstrudtig` j`m wjs dljaak`ckm tg bri`c it jbgut (<.42) j`m, aifk tlksuppgskm prgplkt Lum, rkviakm tlkir imgas js ‑`joks wlidl ygu ljvk mkviskm - ygu j`m

ygur ejtlkrs‟ (3.3:, ;4.24).



59

stj`m, dgok tg bk jddgoogmjtkm tg tljt sjok pjttkr`. Ujcuk j`mi`mkeiìtk eicurks i` tlk kjray Okddj` pjssjcks, tlkir stgrikscrjmujaay tjfk egro j`m, js tlky jppkjr i` lis ajtkr prkjdli`c, tlkytk`m ogrk j`m ogrk tg ejaa i`tg j styaizkm pjttkr`, viz. tlk pjttkr`

wlidl lk ljs js tlk bjdfcrgu`m ge lis tlguclt ge lis gw` oissig`.‟

It ljs ricltay bkk` sjim tljt oudl ge tlk Zur’j` is j dgaakdtig` ge stgriks ge

prgplkts j`m kvk`ts duaakm ergo Nkwisl j`m gtlkr sgurdks upg` wlidl tlk

pkrsg`jaity ge Ouljoojm ljs i`mkaibay bkk` ioprksskm. @gwlkrk is tlis

trukr tlj` i` tlk djsk ge tlk vkry jatkrdjtig`s rkdgrmkm i` tlk bggf bktwkk`

kjraikr prgplkts j`m tlkir pkgpak, egr i` tlksk djsks kvk` tlk pkrsg`jaitiks

ge tlgsk prgplkts civk wjy tg Ouljoojm lioskae. Lum is `gt j Bibaidja

prgplkt, but tlk pjssjck qugtkm is pkrljps tlk ogst strifi`c kxjopak ge j

pjrjaaka bktwkk` j Zur’jìd `jrrjtivk ge j egrokr prgplkt’s kxpkrik`dks

j`m Ouljoojm’s gw`. G`k dj``gt lkap dg`daumi`c tljt, ejr ergo bki`c

j bggf ge mivi`k grici`, tlk Zur ’j` is rkjaay aittak ogrk tlj` j mijry ge

Ouljoojm’s tlguclts j`m pkrdkptig`s upg` tlk ojtkrija lk ljm dgok

jdrgss tlrguclgut tlk dgursk ge lis aiek. ]lk nury is gut, lgwkvkr, js tg

wlktlkr it rkeakdts j mksirk tg usk ejitl js j okj`s tg eurtlkr pgaitidja

egrtu`k, gr pgaitidja egrtu`k tg prgpjcjtk ejitl.

J suoojry ge tlk twg pkrigms by vjrigus `g`-Ousaio jutlgrs

Jt tlis nu`dturk, it skkos jpprgprijtk tg qugtk j ekw jutlgrs wlg ojfk

tlkir gw` dgook`ts g` tlk dg`trjst bktwkk` tlk Okddj` j`m Okmi`j`

pjssjcks. Bkaikvi`c tljt tlk Zur’j` is ktkr`ja j`m tljt it wjs okdljìdjaay

midtjtkm tg Ouljoojm, Ousaio writkrs jrk ck`krjaay misi`dai`km tg mrjw

misti`dtig`s. ]lky ekjr jdf`gwakmci`c j`y imkj ge mkvkagpok`t i` tlk tkxt,

js tlis iopaiks `gt j mivi`k, j`m tlkrkegrk j` ktkr`ja rkvkajtig`, but j



38

mkvkagpok`t ge Ouljoojm's crgwi`c dg`sdigus`kss, wlidl rkvkjas ejr

tgg luoj` erjiaitiks. Rjloj` ‑asajo‟ (p. 48) ljs tlk dgurjck tg gpkày

jmoit tlis mkvkagpok`t>

‑ J vgidk is dryi`c ergo tlk vkry mkptls ge aiek j`m iopi`ci`cegrdkeuaay g` tlk Xrgplkt's oi`m i` grmkr tg ojfk itskae kxpaidit jttlk akvka ge dg`sdigus`kss. ]lis tg`k crjmujaay civks wjy, kspkdijaayi` tlk Okmi`j pkrigm, tg j ogrk eauk`t j`m kjsy styak js tlk akcjadg`tk`t i`drkjsks egr tlk mktjiakm grcjìzjtig` j`m mirkdtig` ge tlk`jsdk`t dgoouìty-stjtk.‟

Lk cgks g` tg sjy>

‑It is i`tkrksti`c tljt jaa tlksk mksdriptig`s ge kxpkrik`dks j`m visig`s bkag`c tg tlk Okddj` pkrigm6 i` tlk Okmi`j krj wk ljvk jprgcrkssivk uègami`c ge tlk rkaicig-ogrja imkja, j`m tlk egu`mjtigègr tlk sgdija grmkr egr tlk `kway i`stitutkm dgoouìty but ljrmayj`y jaausig`s tg i``kr kxpkrik`dks‟ (gp.dit. p. :2<).

J`gtlkr writkr, Caubb, ‑]lk Aiek j`m ]ioks ge Ouljoojm‟ (p. 24:) jasg

jaaumks tg tlk mkvkagpi`c dljrjdtkr ge Ouljoojm’s prgplktid

dg`sdigus`kss by rkekrk`dk tg tlk Okddj` j`m Okmi`j` surjs>

‑ Ykt tlk rkvkajtig`s wlidl lk rkdkivkm, i` Okddj sg pjssig`jtk j`mgvkrwlkaoi`c, skkokm i` Okmi`j tg bkdgok i`drkjsi`cay, tlguclpkrljps u`dg`sdigusay, tlk rksuat ge rkjsg` j`m tlguclt.‟

I` tlis, tlk mkvkagpok`t is `gt `kdkssjriay j agcidja g`k. ]lk Okmi`j`

pjssjcks mg `gt dgopjrk i` styak, midtig` gr dg`tk`t witl tlk kakvjtkm

spirit ge tlk Okddj` pjssjcks. ]lis rktrgcrkssivk ekjturk mk`gtks j

mkvkagpok`t i` oji`tjiì`c pgaitidja pgwkr, rjtlkr tlj` j mkvkagpok`t

i` spirituja u`mkrstj`mi`c. ]lk mkvkagpok`t ojrfs j dlj`ck i` tlk

dljrjdtkr ge tlk pkrskvkri`c prgplkt ge Okddj j`m j tk`mk`dy tg j`

jutgdrjtid j`m, jt tioks, rutlakss ruakr ge Okmi`j.;; Gtlkr writkrs

;; Js OjdMg`jam, ‑]lk Rkaicigus Jttitumk j`m Aiek i` Isajo‟ p.4: dajios.



3:

dgook`t i` j sioiajr wjy g` tlk akss i`spiri`c `jturk ge tlk Okmi`j`

pjssjcks>

‑I` tlk kjraikr dljptkrs tlksk vkrsks jrk slgrt, nust js tlk styak isaivi`c j`m eikry6 i` tlk ajtkr dljptkrs tlky jrk ge auobkri`c ak`ctl,prgsjid j`m sagw, j`m tlk rlyok dgoks i` witl getk` j ogst jbsurmkeekdt.‟;5

Js Ouir ‑]lk Aiek ge Ojlgokt‟ (p.24<) jasg `gtks tlk styak>

‑tlgucl vjryi`c crkjtay i` egrdk j`m vicgur, ljs egr tlk ogst pjrtagst tlk stjop ge vivim iojci`jtig` j`m pgktid eirk wlidl ojrfs tlkkjraikr Turjs. It bkdgoks, js j ruak, tjok j`m grmi`jry bgtl i`tlguclt j`m aj`cujck. Gddjsig`jaay, i`mkkm, wk stiaa ei`m trjdks getlk egrokr spirit.‟

]g mg nustidk tg tlk bggf, lgwkvkr, tlk pjssjcks ok`tig`km by Ouir js

oj`ieksti`c tlk ‑egrokr spirit‟ jrk by `g okj`s dakjr dut. ]lis ojfks j

misti`dtig` bktwkk` tlk twg pkrigms ogrk mieeiduat. J pjssjck wlidl

stj`ms jcji`st tlk misti`dtig` ge styak is>

‑Cgm! ]lkrk is `g cgm but Lk, tlk Aivi`c, tlk Tkae-subsisti`c, tlkKtkr`ja. @g sauobkr dj` skizk lio `gr sakkp. Lis jrk jaa tli`cs i` tlklkjvk`s j`m g` kjrtl. Slg is tlkrk dj` i`tkrdkmk i` Lis prksk`dkkxdkpt js Lk pkroittktl7 Lk f`gwktl wljt (jppkjrktl tg Lisdrkjturks js) Bkegrk gr Jetkr gr Bkli`m tlko. @gr sljaa tlkydgopjss juclt ge Lis f`gwakmck kxdkpt js Lk wiaaktl. Lis ]lrg`kdagtl kxtk`m gvkr tlk lkjvk`s j`m tlk kjrtl, j`m Lk ekkaktl `gejticuk i` cujrmi`c j`m prkskrvi`c tlko. Egr Lk is tlk Liclkst, tlk

Tuprkok (i` cagry).‟ (Turj 2.2;;).

]lis is tlk ejogus ‑ Ukrsk ge tlk ]lrg`k‟, `jokm jetkr tlk tlrg`k ge Cgm

mksdribkm i` it. ]lk gtlkr pjssjck ergo tlk Okmi`j` pkrigm is j rjrk vkrsk,

ge gbvigus bkjuty, wlidl tk`ms tg oystidiso i` its mksdriptig` ge Cgm ’s

;5 Cjirm`kr, ‑]lk Rkprgjdl ge Isajo‟ (p. =<).



32

cagry. It ljs jddgrmi`cay bkk` liclay kstkkokm by tlk Tueis, tlk oystids ge

Isajo>

‑Cgm is tlk Aiclt ge tlk lkjvk`s j`m tlk kjrtl. ]lk pjrjbak ge LisAiclt is js ie tlkrk wkrk j @idlk j`m witli` it j Ajop> tlk Ajopk`dagskm i` j Cajss> tlk cajss js it wkrk j briaaij`t stjr> ait ergo j baksskm trkk, j` Gaivk `kitlkr ge tlk Kjst `gr ge tlk Skst, wlgsk Giais wkaa-ìcl auoi`gus, tlgucl eirk sdjrdk tgudlkm it> Aiclt upgÀiclt! Cgm dagtl cuimk wlgo Lk wiaa tg Lis Aiclt> Cgm dagtl sktegrtl Xjrjbaks egr ok`> j`m Cgm dagtl f`gw jaa tli`cs.‟ (Turj2=.4;).

]lksk twg pjssjcks jrk liclay kstkkokm. ]lky jrk typidja ge tlk dg`stj`t

k`mkjvgur i` tlk Zur’j` tg cagriey Cgm i` suitjbak tkros. @kvkrtlkakss,

tlky mg jppkjr tg bk ogrk kjsiay rkajtkm tg tlk kjraikr Okddj` surjs, rjtlkr

tlj` tlk ajrckay akcisajtivk dg`dkr`s ge tlk Okmi`j`. ]lksk j`gojaiks,

tlkrkegrk, okj` g`k dj` gày spkjf ck`krjaay ge j misti`dtivk pkrigm

dljrjdtkriskm by styak, but js Sjtt ‑Ouljoojm jt Okddj‟(p.54) stjtks

tlkrk jrk>

‑quitk j ùobkr ge vkrsks kxpgu`mi`c tlis tlkok ge Cgm’s cggm`kssj`m pgwkr. I`mkkm, quj`titjtivkay tlis is by ejr tlk ogst prgoi`k`tjspkdt ge tlk okssjck ge tlk kjray pjssjcks.‟

]lk Ousaio wgram, `g`ktlkakss, rjrkay jpprgjdlks tlk Zur’j` witl j

mksirk tg j`jaysk its tkjdli`c, sgurdks gr listgridja mkvkagpok`t i` j`gbnkdtivk gr dritidja wjy. It prkekrs siopay tg mgcojtidjaay dajio tljt it is

jaa tlk truk j`m ei`ja rkvkajtig` ge Cgm. I` tlis, its akcjaistid mkvkagpok`ts

jrk ajrckay kobrjdkm `gt misti`cuislkm js akss spirituja. I`mkkm,

jbrgcjtig` tk`ms tg j agpsimkm kopljsis js tg tlkir ajtkr iopgrtj`dk. Jt

bkst it tk`ms tg j uìtjry kopljsis, wlidl trkjts pgaitidja pgaidy j`m

akcisajtig` witl tlk sjok rkaicigus ekrvgur.



34

]lk pajdk ge sljrij i` tlk pgaitids ge Isajo

Ajtkr listgridja mkvkagpok`ts prgdkkmi`c Ouljoojm’s mkjtl ljm akss tg

mg witl tlk purk tkjdli`cs, gr Ouljoojm’s stjtkm bkaikes, but jrgsk js

pliagsgplidja pkrspkdtivks, bjskm g` i`tkrprktjtig`s ge wljt tlky tlguclt

lk bkaikvkm j`m sj`dtig`km js mivi`k. ]lksk i`tkrprktjtig`s

siouatj`kgusay tggf g` bgjrm j akcja systko, tlk sljrij, wlidl ljm kxistkm

i` akss kvgavkm egros kvk` bkegrk Ouljoojm wjs bgr`. Tgok skdts ge

Isajo, lgwkvkr, djok tg dg`tkxtujaisk tlk sljrij js j` kxtk`sig` ge Isajo

j`m tk`mkm tg nustiey rkprkssivk pgaitidja j`m akcjaistid dg`trga js bki`c

sj`dtig`km by mivi`k riclt> i`daumi`c ruaks egr niljm, j`m egr tlk jbsgautk

dg`trga ge bkaikvkrs j`m `g`-bkaikvkrs i` j rkaicigus, pgaitidja j`m akcjaistid

sk`sk. Ykt `gt jaa ge tlksk mgdtri`ks js tlky mkvkagpkm wkrk jmvgdjtkm by

Ouljoojm lioskae, `gr wkrk tlky kvk` euaay rkvkjakm tg tlk Xrgplkt by

Jaajl js stjtkm i` tlk Zur’j`. I` tlkir kvgautig`, tlky ajrckay rkprksk`tkmtlk i`dgrpgrjtig` ge kjraikr systkos ge tlguclt j`m ajtkr mkvkagpok`ts egr

Isajo jddgrmi`c tg tlk i`tkrprktjtig`s ge gtlkrs. ;3

;3 ]lk grici` ge Isajoid (js gppgskm tg Jrjbij`) sljrij is tlk Zur’j`, but it u`mkrwk`teu`mjok`tja mkvkagpok`t, bkci`ì`c witl tlk rkic`s ge djaipls Jbu Bjfr (542—4=)j`m [ojr (54=—==) egr Tu`ì Ousaios, j`m Iojo Jai egr Tlij Ousaios, muri`c wlidltiok oj`y qukstig`s wkrk brguclt tg tlk jttk`tig` ge Ouljoojm’s dagskst dgorjmksegr dg`suatjtig`. Muri`c tlk rkic` ge Oujwiyj b. Jbu Tueyj` ib` Ljrb, dj. 552 DK,Isajo u`mkrwk`t j` urbj` trj`segrojtig`, rjisi`c qukstig`s gt grici`jaay dgvkrkm byIsajoid ajw. Ti`dk tlk`, dlj`cks i` Isajoid sgdikty ljvk pajykm j` g`cgi`c rgak i`mkvkagpi`c sljrij, wlidl brj`dlks gut i`tg eiql j`m qjù` rkspkdtivkay. ]lkrk jrk twgsgurdks ge sljrij (u`mkrstggm js tlk mivi`k ajw)> tlk Zur’j` j`m Tu``jl6 wlkrkjs eiqlmk`gtks tlk oj`-ojmk i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk mivi`k pri`dipaks ge sljrij.

]lk misti`dtig` lkrk rksts g` jddkpti`c j wimkr eikam ge oj`-ojmk i`tkrprktjtig` js tgtlk okjì`c ge prkdkpts kvgavkm ergo tlk sj`dtity ge j prgdajiokm mirkdt mivi`krkvkajtig`. Lk`dk j misti`dtig` dj` bk mrjw` bktwkk` ejitl j`m pgaitidja imkgagcy, iòudl tlk sjok wjy j misti`dtig` dj` bk ojmk bktwkk` Isajo j`m Isajoiso. But tlis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph



3=

]gmjy tlk sljrij is tlk ajw ge Tjumi Jrjbij j`m Irj`, jog`c gtlkr Isajoid

stjtks. It is jasg dk`trja tg tlk Grcjìsjtig` ge tlk Isajoid Dgèkrk`dk,

wlidl i` Jrtidak 2= ge its Djirg Mkdajrjtig` ge Luoj` Riclts i` Isajo,

prgdajios tljt ‑jaa riclts j`m erkkmgos jrk subnkdt tg tlk Isajoid sljrij‟.

Lkrk, dakjray tlk GID is `gt siopay j rkaicigus i`stitutig`6 it is jasg j

pgaitidja bgmy witl pgwkr tljt sljpks, mkei`ks j`m prgpjcjtks Isajo. It

dg`stitutks tlk ajrckst vgti`c bagd i` tlk [ìtkm @jtig`s j`m slguam

tlkrkegrk bk dljopigì`c luoj` riclts i` tlk rkja sk`sk. ]gg getk`,

lgwkvkr, its dlike dg`dkr` rjtlkr lypgdritidjaay writks rkpgrts g` sg-djaakm

‑Isajogplgbij‟ i` wkstkr` dgu`triks j`m tlkir luoj` riclts vigajtig`s

jcji`st it, wliast bki`c bai`m tg its gw` vkry gbvigus slgrtdgoi`cs. ]lis is

ajrckay mg`k egr pgaitidja jmvj`tjck j`m tg ejdiaitjtk Isajo’s mgoi`j`dk.

I`mkkm, tlk ajdf ge j miok`sig` ge skae-dritidiso is tgg getk` j ejuat j`m is

i`midjtivk gt nust ge j` ièakxibak j`m mj`ckrgus rkaicigus mgcojtiso, but

ge j eu`mjok`tja kxtrkoiso j`m j wimksprkjm strjtkcy tg mkdkivk wlidl

is prkvjak`t i` its pgaitidja, numidija j`m rkaicigus splkrks.

I` rkspkdt tg tlis iopkrjtivk Xrgekssgr Bkr`jrm Akwis i` lis :9;= kssjy

‑Dgoouìso j`m Isajo‟ writks ge ‑tlk tgtjaitjrijìso ge tlk Isajoid

pgaitidja trjmitig`.‟ Xrgekssgr Akwis lkrk dajios>

rkquirks jasg j rkdgcìtig` tljt oj`-ojmk i`tkrprktjtig`s mg `gt `kdkssjriay kqujtktg j` jbsgautk gr mgcojtid u`mkrstj`mi`c ge wljt sudl rkvkajtgry prkdkpts oicltokj` gr k`tjia. Kvk` rkvkajtig`, it oiclt bk jrcukm, mk`gtks j` i`tkrokmijry j`m,tlkrkegrk, prgvimks okrkay j` i`tkrprktjtig` ge j`y mivi`k okssjck rkstridtkm by tlkaioitjtig`s ge luoj` rkjsg` j`m u`mkrstj`mi`c. ]lkrkegrk j`y ‑cgvkr`j`dk ge tlk

wgram‟ dajiokm by ‑mivi`k riclt‟ dguam, it oiclt bk jrcukm, okrkay bk j luojì`tkrprktjtig` ge wljt tljt oiclt k`tjia i` jaa jspkdts. Rkajtiviso i` tlis sk`sk dj` bkjddkptkm. ]lis succksts i` j`y djsk tljt tlkrk oiclt wkaa bk bkttkr pkrspkdtivks g` wljtcgvkr`j`dk oiclt k`tjia by rkdgursk tg mkogdrjtid gr rjtig`ja mkbjtk. I` tlis,rkajtiviso dj` bk jppaikm i` j`y u`mkrstj`mi`c ge wljt it okj`s tg ruak but `kkm `gt`kdkssjriay mk`gtk j mkìja tljt tlk Jbsgautk trutl ge Jaajl mgks kxist prigr j`m, i`sgok sk`sk, i`mkpk`mk`tay ge luoj` u`mkrstj`mi`c. It trj`sdk`ms j`m iègros butdj``gt `kdkssjriay bk k`tirkay crjspkm.



3;

‑]lk trjmitig`ja Isajoid mivisig` ge tlk wgram i`tg tlk Lgusk geIsajo j`m tlk Lgusk ge Sjr … ljs gbvigus pjrjaakas i` tlkDgoou`ist vikw ge wgram jeejirs. … ]lk jccrkssivk ej`jtidiso ge tlk bkaikvkr is tlk sjok.‟

Ojrf Jakxj`mkr, j` Jokridj` pgaitidja sdik`tist, jcrkks. Lk ei`ms tlk

`jturk ge Xgaitidja Isajo ogrk ck`krjaay (js gppgskm tg siopay ‑Isajoiso‟

gr tkrrgriso) is g`k tljt mieekrs aittak ergo gtlkr tgtjaitjrij` imkgagciks i`

its brgjm u`mkrayi`c iopkrjtivks. I` tlis, by usi`c sljrij js j mivi`kay

sj`dtig`km nurisprumk`dk, it skkos dkrtji` dgoog` ekjturks witl

tgtjaitjrij`iso, gr jutgdrjtid rkcioks, dj` bk imk`tieikm.;< ]lk ekjturks

jrk>

• ]lky usk pgaitidja purcks tg ‑dakj`sk‟ sgdikty ge wljt tlky dg`simkru`mksirjbak.

• ]lky usk dgkrdig` tg keekdt dgopaij`dk.

• ]lky u`mkroi`k tlk aibkrja misti`dtig` bktwkk` privjtk numcok`tj`m pubaid dg`trga.

• ]lky tur` tlk kmudjtig` systko i`tg j tgga egr imkgagcidjai`mgdtri`jtig`.

• ]lky ajy mgw` ruaks egr jrt, egr aitkrjturk, egr sdik`dk j`m egrrkaicig`.

;< Rkekrk`dks jasg mrjw` ergo Ckkrt Siamkrs’ spkkdl, Cksdlrkvk`> 82, Gdtgbkr 28:8.



35

• ]lky submuk pkgpak ogrk ck`krjaay j`m civk tlgsk wlg mg `gtjddkpt tlkir vikws skdg`m dajss stjtus.

• ]lky i`mudk j erjok ge oi`m jfi` tg ej`jtidiso. Jmnustok`t tjfkspajdk by struccak j`m mgoi`j`dk.

• ]lky jrk jbusivk tg tlkir gppg`k`ts j`m rkcjrm j`y dg`dkssig` g`tlkir gw` pjrt js j tkopgrjry kxpkmik`t j`m g` j rivja’s pjrt js jsic` ge wkjf`kss.

• ]lky rkcjrm pgaitids js j` kxprkssig` ge pgwkr.

• ]lky jrk i`tgakrj`t j`m misoissivk ge jatkr`jtivk ejitl systkos.

]jdfai`c pgaitidja kxtrkoiso witli` Isajo is tlk gày wjy tg iopakok`t j

truk rkegro ge Isajo. J`y wgrfi`c mkeiìtig` tg mjtk ljs okrkay slirfkm

tlk issuk tg jvgim ièajoi`c tlk sk`sibiaitiks ge Ousaio dgoouìtiks jt

lgok. It prksuppgsks j oi`grity ge irrkaicigus Ousaios djusk vigak`dk

tlrguclgut tlk wgram. ]ljt sgoklgw tlksk jrk `gt ‑jutlk`tid‟ bkaikvkrs,

j`m tljt tlky jrk bkst misti`cuislkm js Isajoists gr niljmis, gr js Okmli

Ljsj` g`dk stjtkm i` j tkakviskm i`tkrvikw ‑dgèuskm Ousaios‟ witl `gu`mkrstj`mi`c ge ‑jutlk`tid‟ Isajo.;9 Js ie j ‑dgèuskm Ousaio‟ ykt

dj``gt bk j truk prjdtitig`kr ge Isajo. Ykt tgg getk` tlksk misti`dtig`s jrk

i`jddurjtk j`m ejask j`m ejr tgg pkrsg`jaiskm j`m skdtjrij` i` wljt

dg`stitutks tlk ‑truk‟ Isajoid ejitl. ]lky jrk ojmk gày tg try j`m skpjrjtk

tlk vigak`t iopkrjtivk, ojìekst js tkrrgriso, ergo j` uatrj-dg`skrvjtivk

;9 Tkk oy dritiquk ge Or Ljsj` i` oy Aibkrty Akttkrs lkrk.







33

j`m sgoktioks i`luoj`k ktlgs tljt eu`mjok`tjaay aiks jt tlk lkjrt ge

wljt pgaitidja Isajo is i` itskae. I` jddkpti`c tlis, lgwkvkr, tlk Skst oust

ejdk up tg tlk prgspkdt ge `kkmi`c tg dgobjt tlk tlrkjt ge `gt siopay

tkrrgriso, but j pgtk`tijaay oudl ogrk wimksprkjm vigak`t pkrspkdtivk

ljrbguri`c witli` tlk `jturk ge wljt oji`strkjo Isajo is

itskae. Eurtlkrogrk, tlis pkrspkdtivk dj` kvk` tk`m tg bk ojìekst i` ogrk

skae-prgdajiokm ogmkrjtk pkrspkdtivks vij j sljrij nurisprumk`dk tljt dj`

getk` bk mgcojtid, midtjtgrija j`m uègrcivi`c ge wkstkr` imkjs ge wljt

dg`stitutks luoj` riclts.

Ge dgursk, `gt jaa Ousaios jrk tkrrgrists, gr jrk vigak`t, gr jrk ogrk

ck`krjaay pgaitidja kxtrkoists, but tlk ojngrity ge Ousaios mg prkekr jt

akjst sgok jspkdts ge tlk sljrij tg mkogdrjtid cgvkròk`t j`m

nurisprumk`dk. Oj`y tgg jdtivkay wisl it tg bk iopakok`tkm gvkr `jtig`ja

ajw i` `g`-Ousaio dgu`triks. Sk oust dgèrg`t, tlkrkegrk, tlk vkry rkja

pgssibiaity tljt tlk suppgskm cjp bktwkk` Isajoiso’s oiaitjry jobitig` tg

kègrdk j` Isajoid sljrij cgvkròk`t, j`m ‑oji`strkjo‟ Isajo’s mksirk tg

pkrekdt tlk i`mivimuja ogrjaay, vij sljrij dgopaij`dk, is i`midjtivk ge j

brgjmkr dgoog` dg`dkr` j`m j` gvkrajppi`c vjauk systko, wlidl jt akjst

i` sgok rkspkdts kobrjdks j wimkr mkeiìtig` ge wljt ‑kxtrkoiso‟

mk`gtks.

Bgtl Isajo j`m Isajoiso jmvgdjtk vigak`t nurisprumk`dk j`m prgouacjtk

jbsgautk, gr jt bkst dg`skrvjtivk, j`m `gt ogrjaay rkajtivk, aibkrja vjauks,

kvk` ie tlkir strjtkciks egr jdlikvi`c it ojy mieekr. I` tlis rkspkdt, tlk`, i`

tkros ge tlkir ag`c tkro pkrsg`ja j`m cagbja gbnkdtivks, bgtl ogrk brgjmay



3<

tlrkjtk` tlk vjauks ge wkstkr` diviaisjtig`. I` tlis, tlky bgtl prgpjcjtk j

brgjmkr `gtig` ge wljt oiclt bk tkrokm Isajoid suprkojdiso.58

I` tlis jrcuok`t, lgwkvkr, tlgsk mistrusti`c Isajo ogrk ck`krjaay ljvk j

tk`mk`dy tg prksuok tljt Isajo, j`m tlkrkegrk Ousaios js j wlgak, jrk

rjmidja j`m mj`ckrgus. J` jttitumk wlidl ejias tg rkdgcìsk tljt

dgopaij`dk tg sgok jspkdts ge sljrij `kkm `gt `kdkssjriay mk`gtk j`

jddkptj`dk ge jaa. I` tlis, tlgsk tljt kxprkss j mksirk egr sljrij jrk `gt i`

jaa djsk jmvgdjtks ge Lumum ajw.5: ]lus, i` wj`ti`c sljrij, tlkrk is `gt

58 ]lk cjp is akssk`km dg`simkri`c tlk egaagwi`c stjtistids. Ogrk tlj` ljae (;:%) geOusaios i` Jokridj bkaikvk tlky slguam ‑ljvk tlk dlgidk ge bki`c cgvkr`km jddgrmi`ctg Tljrij.‟ Gày 49% ge tlgsk pgaakm sjim tljt Ousaios i` tlk [.T. slguam bk subnkdt tg

Jokridj` dgurts. @kjray j qujrtkr bkaikvkm tljt ‑It is akcitiojtk tg usk vigak`dk tgpuìsl tlgsk wlg civk geek`sk tg Isajo by, egr kxjopak, pgrtrjyi`c tlk prgplktOgljookm.‟ @kjray g`k-eietl ge Ousaio rkspg`mk`ts sjim tljt tlk usk ge vigak`dk i`tlk [.T. is nustieikm i` grmkr tg ojfk Tljrij tlk ajw ge tlk aj`m i` tlis dgu`try. I` jrkdk`t XKS pgaa i` tlk [T 5g% ge Ousaio ojaks u`mkr 48 imk`tieikm tlkoskavks js

bki`c ogrk agyja tg Isajo tlj` tg tlk [T Dg`stitutig`. — Xgaa js ditkm by tlk Dk`tkr egrTkdurity Xgaidy, Sjsli`ctg`, M.D. Gtlkr ogrk rkdk`t pgaas dg`mudtkm i` Kurgpk ljvkrkiègrdkm tlksk ei`mi`cs.

5: Lumum is j` Isajoid dg`dkpt egr puìslok`ts wlidl u`mkr tlk sljrij jrk oj`mjtkmj`m eixkm by Cgm. ]lk sljrij mivimkm geek`sks i`tg tlgsk jcji`st Cgm j`m tlgsk jcji`stoj`. Drioks jcji`st Cgm vigajtkm Lis Lumum, gr ‑ bgu`mjriks‟. ]lksk puìslok`ts

wkrk spkdieikm by tlk Zur’j`, j`m i` sgok i`stj`dks by tlk Tu``jl. ]lky jrk `jokayegr jmuatkry, egrìdjtig`, jddusi`c sgokg`k ge iaaidit skx but ejiai`c tg prksk`t egur ojakOusaio kykwit`kssks, jpgstjsy (gpiìg` is `gt u`jìogus g` tlis driok), dg`suoi`ci`tgxidj`ts, gutrjck (k.c. rkbkaaig` jcji`st tlk ajweua Djaipl, gtlkr egros ge oisdlikejcji`st tlk Ousaio stjtk, gr liclwjy rgbbkry), rgbbkry j`m tlket. Lumum geek`sks jrkgvkrtur`km by tlk saicltkst ge mgubts (slubuljt). ]lksk puìslok`ts wkrk rjrkayjppaikm i` prk-ogmkr` Isajo sgok dajio but skko kvimk`t i` rkaicigus tkxts.

Xuìslok`ts rj`ck ergo pubaid ajsli`cs tg pubaiday stgì`c tg mkjtl, joputjtig` gelj`ms j`m drudieixig`. ]lk drioks jcji`st Lumum dj``gt bk pjrmg`km by tlk vidtio gr

by tlk stjtk, j`m tlk puìslok`ts oust bk djrrikm gut i` pubaid. Lgwkvkr, tlkkvimk`tijry stj`mjrms egr tlksk puìslok`ts wkrk getk` iopgssibay licl j`m wkrk tlusièrkquk`tay iopakok`tkm i` prjdtidk. Ogrkgvkr, Ouljoojm is mksdribkm js grmkri`cOusaio numcks tg ‑ wjrm gee tlk Lumum by jobicuitiks.‟ ]lk succkstig` bki`c tljtskvkrk Lumum puìslok`ts wkrk okj`t tg dg`vky tlk crjvity ge tlgsk geek`sks jcji`stCgm j`m tg mktkr, but `gt tg bk jdtujaay djrrikm gut. Ie j tlike rkeuskm tg dgèkss, gr ie jdgèksskm jmuatkrkr rktrjdtkm lis dgèkssig`, tlk Lumum puìslok`ts wguam bkmkekrrkm.



39

ipsg ejdtg `kdkssjriay j` jddkptj`dk ge vigak`dk. Britisl, sg djaakm

‑ogmkrjtk‟ Ousaios, oiclt ditk sljrij ei`j`dk js j` kxjopak ge lgw

pjrtiduajr sljrij ajws dj` eu`dtig` i` wkstkr` `jtig`s. Jatlgucl ogrk

stju`dl dritids ge tlis nustieidjtig` tk`m tg bjuaf jt tlk imkj, dajioi`c

iopakok`tjtig` ge j pjrt is siopay j pjrtija djpituajtig` g` tlk pjtl

uatiojtkay tg tlk iopakok`tjtig` ge tlk wlgak, wlidl i` its brgjmkr

nurisprumk`dk j`m pk`gagcy is rktributivk j`m vigak`t ogrk tlj`

rkegrojtivk.

I` tlis, drudijaay, sljrij is getk` vikwkm js j dgopaktk systko gecgvkr`j`dk j`m ruak egr kvkry jspkdt ge aiek. ]lky tlus dajio it dj``gt bk

skpjrjtkm gr `kcjtkm i` j pjrtija sk`sk. Tiopay stjtkm, g`k dj``gt siopay

dlkrry-pidf sljrij. I` prjdtisk, lgwkvkr, tlkrk is j spkdtruo ge mieekrk`t

i`tkrprktjtig`s j`m prjdtidks js tg wljt sljrij jdtujaay k`tjias jrgu`m tlk

wgram.

Dkrtjiày, wliast ogst `g`-Ousaio-ojngrity dgu`triks jmgpt vjrigus

jspkdts ge sljrij, `gt jaa dgu`triks jmgpt tlk k`tirk dgmk. Lgwkvkr, tlk

jmgptig` j`m mkoj`m egr i`drkjsi`c sljrij i` tlk akcja systko ge `jtig`s

witl sicìeidj`t Ousaio-oi`gritiks is dkrtjiày j` jdtivk cgja. Sgrryi`cay

tgg, jttkopts tg i`trgmudk gr kxpj`m sljrij ljvk getk` bkk` jddgopjìkm

I` ogst Ousaio `jtig`s i` ogmkr` tioks pubaid stgì`c j`m kxkdutig` mg gddur.Xjrtiduajray i` Ousaio `jtig`s tljt egaagw j stridt i`tkrprktjtig` ge sljrij, sudl jsTjumi Jrjbij j`m Irj`.

Lumum is `gt tlk gày egro ge puìslok`t u`mkr sljrij. ]lkrk jrk twg gtlkrs> Zisjs,dkrtji` gddjsig`s ge rktjaijtig` js j puìslok`t i` j privjtk misputk bktwkk` twgpjrtiks, j`m ]jzir, j puìslok`t aket tg j` Isajoid numck’s misdrktig` i` sgokdirduostj`dks.



<8

by dg`trgvkrsy,52 vigak`dk54 j`m wjrejrk.5= Eurtlkrogrk, wliast ogst

dgu`triks ge tlk wgram mg `gt rkdgcìsk sljrij, j sicìeidj`t ùobkr ge

52 Ljoj``, Fjtik (29 Mkdkobkr 2889). ‑ Jdkl's Tljrij Ajw Ttiaa Dg`trgvkrsija iÌ`mg`ksij‟, Ugidk ge Jokridj, (rktrikvkm Sifipkmij :9 Tkptkobkr 28::). Iinioj,Ojsjfg (:4 Njùjry 28:8). ‑Isajoid Xgaidk ]icltk` Crip g` I`mg`ksij’s Jdkl‟. Rkutkrs(rktrikvkm Sifipkmij :< Tkptkobkr 28::).

54 Ttjee (4 Njùjry 2884). ‑ J`jaysis> @ickrij's Tljrij Tpait‟. (rktrikvkm BBD @kws, :9Tkptkobkr 28::). ‑]lgusj`ms ge pkgpak ljvk bkk` fiaakm i` eiclti`c bktwkk`Dlristij`s j`m Ousaios egaagwi`c tlk i`trgmudtig` ge sljrij puìslok`ts i` `grtlkr`@ickrij` stjtks gvkr tlk pjst tlrkk ykjrs.‟ Ljrìsdlekckr, Nglj``ks (288<).

• p. :5. ‑ Slk` tlk Cgvkr`gr ge Fjmu`j j``gu`dkm tlk i`trgmudtig` ge Tljrij,jatlgucl `g`-Ousaios egro jaogst ljae ge tlk pgpuajtig`, vigak`dk kruptkm, akjvi`c

ogrk tlj` :,888 pkgpak mkjm.‟

• p. :<9. ‑ Slk` j vigak`t dgèrg`tjtig` aggokm i` Ekbrujry 2888, bkdjusk tlk strg`cDlristij` oi`grity i` Fjmu`j wjs u`wiaai`c tg jddkpt tlk prgpgskm sljrij ajw, tlksuatj` j`m lis mkakcjtig` ge :< koirs wk`t tg skk tlk cgvkr`gr j`m i`sistkm g` tlkpjssjck ge tlk biaa.‟

Oslkaizzj, Ibrjlio (2< Nuay 2889). ‑Eiclt egr Tljrij Akjvks Mgzk`s Mkjm i` @ickrij— Isajoid Oiaitj`ts Rksisti`c Skstkr` Kmudjtig` Kxtk`m ]lkir Djopjic` ge Uigak`dk‟.]lk I`mkpk`mk`t, :9 Tkptkobkr 28::.

‑@ickrij i` ]rj`sitig`> Rkdk`t Rkaicigus ]k`sig`s j`m Uigak`dk‟. XBT. Ttjee (2<Mkdkobkr 28:8). ‑]iokai`k> ]k`sig`s i` @ickrij — J Aggf jt tlk Dgu`try's Bguts geI`tkr-Rkaicigus j`m Ktlìd Dajslks j`m ]krrgr Jttjdfs‟. Ja Njzkkrj K`caisl, :9Tkptkobkr 28::. ‑]lgusj`ms ge pkgpak jrk fiaakm i` `grtlkr` @ickrij js `g`-Ousaiosgppgskm tg tlk i`trgmudtig` ge sljrij, gr Isajoid ajw, eiclt Ousaios wlg mkoj`m itsiopakok`tjtig` i` tlk `grtlkr` stjtk ge Fjmu`j.‟

Ibrjliogvj, Rgzj (23 Nuay 2889). ‑Mgzk`s Fiaakm i` Uigak`dk i` @grtlkr` @ickrij‟. JaNjzkkrj K`caisl, :9 Tkptkobkr 28::. ‑]lk crgup Bgfg Ljrjo, wlidl wj`ts tg iopgsksljrij (Isajoid ajw) jdrgss tlk dgu`try, ljs jttjdfkm pgaidk stjtig`s j`m dlurdlks.‟

5= Aibrjry ge Dg`crkss Dgu`try Ttumiks> Tumj`> ‑]lk ejdtgrs tljt prgvgfkm tlk oiaitjrydgup, priojriay tlk dagskay i`tkrtwi`km issuks ge Isajoid ajw j`m ge tlk divia wjr i` tlksgutl, rkoji`km u`rksgavkm i` :99:. ]lk Tkptkobkr :9<4 iopakok`tjtig` ge tlksljrij tlrguclgut tlk dgu`try ljm bkk` dg`trgvkrsija j`m prgvgfkm wimksprkjmrksistj`dk i` tlk prkmgoi`j`tay `g`-Ousaio sgutl ... Gppgsitig` tg tlk sljrij,kspkdijaay tg tlk jppaidjtig` ge lumum (si`c., ljmm), gr Isajoid pk`jatiks, sudl js tlkpubaid joputjtig` ge lj`ms egr tlket, wjs `gt dgèi`km tg tlk sgutl j`m ljm bkk` jpri`dipja ejdtgr akjmi`c tg tlk pgpuajr uprisi`c ge Jpria :9<; tljt gvkrtlrkw tlkcgvkròk`t ge Njjejr j` @iokiri.‟ Ojrdlja, R. (28:4), ‑Isajoid pgaitidja my`joids i`tlk Tgojai divia wjr. Isajo i` Jeridj Tgutl ge tlk Tjljrj> Kssjys i` Ck`mkr Rkajtig`sj`m Xgaitidja Rkegro‟ (p 44:—4;2).



<:

dgu`triks i` tlk Skst mg iègrojaay jarkjmy. Tljrij dgurts wliast `gt

geeidija ck`krjaay usk it js tlk bjsis egr mktkroiì`c mivgrdk, i`lkritj`dk

j`m gtlkr pkrsg`ja jeejirs ge tlkir Isajoid pgpuajtig`s (skk lkrk). ]lis

drkkpi`c jddkptj`dk ljs bkk` imk`tieikm js tlk sic` ge ogrk mkvigus

i`tk`tig`s tk`mi`c tg prgouacjtk Isajoid vjauks i` dgu`triks tljt lkrktg

ljm dg`simkrkm tlkoskavks skduajr gr Dlristij`.

Kxtrkoists, ge bgtl tlk Isajoist j`m wljt oiclt bk tkrokm tlk

Isajogplgbid, j`ti- Ousaio typk jrk vikwkm js pgaks jpjrt. Irgìdjaay,

lgwkvkr, tlkrk is dgoog` crgu`m> js tlky bgtl tk`m tg vikw sljrij ajw jsj` jaa-gr-`gtli`c dg`dkpt. I` tlis, tlky bgtl jddkpt tlk vikw tljt j truk

Ousaio dj`’t siopay dlkrry-pidf sljrij. ]lky jasg bgtl tk`m tg jddkpt tljt

tlkrk is `g jatkr`jtivk pkrspkdtivk g` wljt sljrij j`m Isajo ck`krjaay

oiclt k`tjia. Egr bgtl tgg, vigak`dk (kitlkr js plysidja niljm gr js

rktributgry Lumum) is bkaikvkm tg bk i`tri`sid tg it. Tg tgg, kvk` wlk`

Ousaios dj`’t eiclt i` tlk `jok ge Isajo, bgtl bkaikvk, oj`y suppgrt tlk

ounjljmkk` (eicltkrs) ei`j`dijaay, gr jt tlk vkry akjst syopjtlisk i` tlkir

lkjrts by suppgrti`c it tlrgucl `g`-dritidiso. Ei`jaay, bgtl vikw wkstkr`

aibkrjaiso js j dgrrupti`c ièauk`dk, j`m bgtl tlkrkegrk tk`m tg ogrk

‑dg`skrvjtivk‟ vjauks.

Irrkspkdtivk ge tlk mkcrkk ge dgopaij`dk gr jmgptig` ge sljrij, i` wlgak gr

pjrt, tlk vkry rkja dritidiso dj` bk ojmk tljt j`y jmgptig` ge j`y jspkdt

ge it i` wkstkr` sgdiktiks kxjdkrbjtks sgdija sdlisos j`m dg`tributks tg

XBT Erg`tai`k> ‑Divia wjr wjs spjrfkm i` :9<4 wlk` tlk oiaitjry rkciok trikm tgiopgsk sljrij ajw js pjrt ge its gvkrjaa pgaidy tg Isajoisk jaa ge Tumj`.‟ XBT.grc.Rktrikvkm = Jpria 28:2.

]ibi, Bjssjo (288<) ‑Xgaitidja Isajo, Sgram Xgaitids j`m Kurgpk‟, Rgutakmck (p.44)>‑]lk sljri'j wjs iopgskm g` g`-Ousaio Tumj`ksk pkgpaks i` Tkptkobkr :9<4,j`m si`dk tljt tiok Ousaios i` tlk `grtl ljvk bkk` eiclti`c j niljm jcji`st tlk`g`-Ousaios i` tlk sgutl.‟

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_of_sharia_law_by_country





<=

]lk rjmidja jdtivists oust bk uprggtkm ergo tlk prgtkdtig` ge tlk ogsquks,

imkjaay by tlk Ousaios tlkoskavks, wlg jrk tgg getk` pjssivk muk tg ekjr,

gr ic`grj`dk, j tlkgdrjtid likrjrdly, j oiscuimkm mksirk tg eurtlkr tlkir

ejitl, gr kvk` pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss. ]lky oust pajy tlkir pjrt, j`m `gt

siopay jddkpt tlk ogìtgri`c ge ogsquks by tlk cgvkròk`t, akst tlkir

pjssivity bk tjfk` gt okrkay js jdquiksdk`dk, but jcrkkok`t j`m suppgrt.

I` tlis, tlk ‑rjmidjas‟ bk tlky ag`k i`mivimujas witl aittak ièauk`dk, gr

kxtrkoist Iojos, oust bk skk` js k`koiks ge Isajo, rjtlkr tlj` its trukst

prgpg`k`ts. ]lk duaturja j`m sgdija sdlisos wlidl jrk i`drkjsi`caykvimk`t slguam `gt jaagw tlk Ousaio dgoouìty ogrk ck`krjaay tg ekka

sgrry egr tlko, js tlky pajy tlk vidtio djrm. ]gg oj`y tgmjy, ogrk

ck`krjaay, vikw tlko js lkrgks gr ojrtyrs, wlg jrk bki`c pkrskdutkm js

k`koiks ge tlk dgrrupt j`m aibkrja Skst. ]lis rjtlkr rgoj`tidiskm `gtig`

ge tlko js Isajoid ojrtyrs skks tlk Skst i` rjtlkr bajdf j`m wlitk tkros

js j duaturk j`titlktidja tg Isajo wlgaksjak. Tudl j` k`mkjvgur, lgwkvkr,

slguam bk vikwkm ogrk prkdiskay js j spiritujaiskm purck ge tlk u`spirituja

j`m ioogrja kxtrkoists witli` tlkir oimst.

Dritidisos dj` dakjray bk ojmk tljt tlis is tgg siopaistid i` itskae. ]lk

prgbakojtid issuks jdtujaay iopakok`ti`c rkegro rkst i` j ejask misti`dtig`

ojmk by tlk Skst itskae tljt ejias tg civk Isajo its rkja sljrk ge

rkspg`sibiaity. J tk`mk`dy tg prgtkdt tlk oi`grity dgoouìty is getk`

ojmk j`m tlk ojngrity i` ekjr ge rjmidja kakok`ts jrk djsticjtkm egr tlkir

dg`dkr`s i` tur`. ]lk Isajoiso misti`dtig` pkrpktujtks tlis

ogaaydgmmai`c, but it is j dg`dkr` tljt jasg mgks Isajoid dgoouìtiks `g

rkja ejvgurs. Kopgwkrok`t ge tlk dgoouìty itskae tg rknkdt rjmidja

kakok`ts oiclt bk vikwkm js j egro ge jdquiksdk`dk tg j crgwi`c prgbako



<5

[.F., wlidl skrvk js j` i`midjtgr ge wljt jt akjst sgok sg djaakm ‑cggm‟

Ousaios ljvk bkk` tjuclt. 53

:. ‑]lk gbnkdtivk ge Isajoid Niljm is tg put j` k`m tg tlk mgoi`j`dk ge tlku`-Isajoid systkos ge cgvkròk`t j`m rkpajdk tlko witl Isajoid ruak,Isajo i`tk`ms tg bri`c jbgut tlis rkvgautig` `gt i` g`k dgu`try gr i` j ekwdgu`triks but i` tlk k`tirk wgram. Jatlgucl iìtijaay it is tlk muty ge kvkryokobkr ge tlk Ousaio pjrty tg wgrf egr rkvgautig` wlkrkvkr lk aivks, tlkei`ja purpgsk is `gtli`c but j wgram rkvgautig`. J`y rkvgautig`jryimkgagcy wlidl uplgams tlk cggm ge jaa oj`fi`m, j`m is `gt ge j okrk`jtig`ja uìt, dj``gt aioit its lgrizg`s tg tlgsk ge j`y si`cak dgu`try gr`jtig`.‟

Bggf> Dgok akt us dlj`ck tlis Sgram , pjcks :85-:83. Jutlgr> Tjyyim Jbua J'aj Ojwmumi, egu`mkr ge Njojjt-k-Isajoi (]lk Isajoid Xjrty), j pgaitidjapjrty i` Xjfistj`.

2. ‑Ie ygu jddkpt tlk wlgak ge Isajo i` ygur aiek ... j tiok wiaa dgok wlk`kvk` Dgoouìso wiaa ekjr egr its survivja i` Ogsdgw, Djpitjaistidmkogdrjdy wiaa trkobak egr its sjekty i` Sjsli`ctg` j`m @kw Ygrf.‟

Bggf> ibim. pjck <4.

4. ‑Isajo rkquirks tlk kjrtl -- `gt nust j pgrtig`, but tlk wlgak paj`kt. ‟

Niljm i` Isajo, pjck :8. Jutlgr> Tykm Jbua J'aj Ojumumi.

=. ‑Kvkry Ousaio slguam ljvk tlk mksirk egr ojrtyrmgo i` lis lkjrt. Ie lkis u`jbak tg cg i`tg tlk bjttakeikam, lk slguam dkrtjiày ljvk tlk mksirk egrojrtyrmgo i` lis lkjrt.‟

Xjoplakt> ‑=8 Ljmitl g` Niljm‟ pjck 3. Jutlgr> Ojuaj`j Jbmus TjojmTiyja. Xubaislkm i` Xjfistj`.

;. ‑It is akjr`t ergo tlis Ljmitl tljt plysidja niljm wiaa dg`tiùk riclt tiaatlk mjy ge rksurrkdtig` j`m wiaa bk wjckm js sudl i` sgok pjrt gr tlk gtlkrge tlk wgram. Sk mg `gt mk`y tlk bk`keit ge wjci`c j` jdjmkoid j`mi`tkaakdtuja wjr. Lgwkvkr, j` i`tkaakdtuja wjr jag`k dj``gt bk egucltkvkrywlkrk. ]lkrk jrk spkdija pajdks j`m gddjsig`s egr it. I` slgrt, mkspitk

53 ]lk ai`fs ge Xjfistj` witl tlk [F muk tg its Iopkrija pjst witl I`mij bki`c ge gtjbakdg`dkr` i` tlis rkspkdt, j`m `gt okrkay j` jaik` duaturk tljt kxkrts j aioitkm ièauk`dk.



<3

wjci`c j niljm witl tlk tg`cuk, pk`, rjtig`jak j`m i`tkaakdt, tlk Ousaiodgoouìty dj``gt bk jbsgavkm ge tlk muty ge wjci`c plysidja niljm. ‟

Xjoplakt> ibim. pjcks 2:-22.

5. ‑ J ojrtyr wiaa cg mirkdtay tg lkjvk`.‟

Xjoplakt> ibim. pjck ;9.

3. ‑]lk gày rkwjrm ge tlgsk wlg ojfk wjr upg` Jaajl j`m Lis okssk`ckrj`m strivk jetkr dgrruptig` i` tlk aj`m, wiaa bk tljt tlky wiaa bk fiaakm.‟

Bggfakt> ‑Mutiks ge tlk akjr`km tg Ic`grj`t Ousaios,‟ pjck ;. Jutlgr> Jbmua Zjmir Gumjl (Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm/Kcypt). Xubaislkm i` Xjfistj`.

<. ‑ Sljtkvkr is jcji`st Tljrij is uàjweua egr Ousaios, irrkspkdtivk ge j`yCgvkròk`t wlidl ljs mkdajrkm it ajweua, gr ljs grmkrkm it tg bk jdtkmupg` bkdjusk tlk riclt ge akcjaisjtig` egr j`y Cgvkròk`t is rkstridtkm tgtlk dg`mitig` tljt tlk ajw erjokm by it slguam bk i` jddgrmj`dk witl tlkTljrij, its eu`mjok`tjas j`m akcja spirit. @gw, ie j`y Cgvkròk`tdg`simkrs it ajweua tg kxdkkm tlksk prksdribkm aioits, tlk` bkdjusk ge tlisjttitumk ge tlk Cgvkròk`t, uàjweua sljaa `gt bkdgok ge tlis jttitumk getlk Cgvkròk`t, uàjweua sljaa `gt bkdgok ajweua j`m it wguam `gt bk

ajweua egr j`y Ousaio tg jdt upg` gr kègrdk ajws jcji`st tlk Tljrij.Rjtlkr i` sudl j situjtig` it bkdgoks gbaicjtgry egr kvkry Ousaio tg rkeusktg jddkpt tlgsk ajws j`m jbstji` ergo jdti`c upg` tlko, egr it isu`dg`mitig`ja egr tlk Ousaios tg gbky tlk grmkrs ge ok` i` pgwkr.‟

Bggfakt> ibim. pjck 4=.

9. ‑Nustidk mkoj`ms tljt tyrj``y j`m gpprkssig` slguam `gt bk jaagwkm tg wgrf ljvgd i` tlk wgram. ]lk Lgay Zur’j` dakjray bki`cs gut tlk ejdt tljt

Zitja (plysidja Niljm/Eiclti`c) is gt j` k`m i` itskae i` Isajo, but j okj`stg j liclkr j`m `gbakr k`m - tlk wkaejrk ge luojìty. ]lk pkrsg` wlgrjisks jros i` grmkr tg durb tyrj``y j`m gpprkssig` j`m tg krjmidjtk kviajrk tlk baksskm sguas wlg eiclt i` tlk wjy ge Jaajl.‟

Xjoplakt> Niljm i` Isajo, pjck :;. Jutlgr> Jbmua Ljokkm Timmiqi(Nkoojl Isajoiyjl). Xubaislkm i` Xjfistj`.

:8. ‑]lk Isajoid Ttjtk is j` imkgagcidja stjtk. ]lk Zur’j` j`m tlk Tu``jl wguam bk tlk dlike sgurdks ge tlk pubaid ajw ge tlk aj`m.‟



<<

Xjoplakt> "Xgaitidja ]lkgry ge Isajo," pjcks 4: & 44. Jutlgr> T. Jbua J'ajOjumumi (Egu`mkr ge NI tkrrgrist grcjìzjtig`).

::. ‑]lk Erg`t is Kvkrywlkrk. Ygu ljvk bkk` wkaa jwjrk `gw ge tlk

djtkcgridja i`nu`dtig` ge tlk Isajoid Tljri'jl tljt wlk`kvkr j` k`koyjttjdfs j`y pjrt ge Mjrua Isajo, Niljm egr its mkek`sk bkdgoks gbaicjtgry(Ejrm) g` kvkry Ousaio. Niljm is gbaicjtgry g` jaa tlk Ousaios mgks `gt`kdkssjriay okj` tljt jaa ge us slguam tjfk tg jros j`m prgdkkm tg tlk bjttak-erg`t. Niljm is j vkry wimk tkro j`m its dg``gtjtig` is `gt dgèi`kmtg nust tlk dajsl ge jros gày. I` ejdt, it mk`gtks tlk k`tirk wjr-keegrt wlidlis ojmk tg uplgam gur djusk j`m wi` vidtgry gvkr tlk k`koy. Gut ge tlkoj`y j`m vjrikm erg`ts ge wjr, bjttakeikam is nust g`k ge tlko. Sjrejrkrkquirks tgtja keegrt j`m jaa skdtig`s ge pkgpak-`jy, kjdl j`m kvkry ditizkì` tlk rkjr-oust dg`tributk lis sljrk, lgwkvkr luobak, tg strk`ctlk` tlkdjpjbiaity ge tlgsk eiclti`c g` tlk erg`t ai`k. ]lis muty ge mgi`c gur bkst,mkmidjtkm tg k`lj`dk tlk eiclti`c jbiaity ge gur sgamikrs, is tgg j Niljm.I`mkkm, kvkry bit ge wgrf mg`k, tlk oiùtkst skrvidk rk`mkrkm, is Niljm.]lk cjaaj`try j`m mkmidjtig` ge tlk jrokm pkrsg``ka `g mgubt is tlk fkytg suddkss but `kxt i` iopgrtj`dk egr tlk suddksseua prgskdutig` ge wjr istlk prgdurkok`t ge og`ky, okj`s, j`m ojtkrija. Bksimks, tlk Zurj` wjr`s us tljt ie j pkrsg` ejias tg dg`tributk ei`j`dijaay, lk i` ejdt i`vitkslis gw` mggo.‟

Xjoplakt> ‑Djaa tg Niljm‟, pjcks 9-:8. Jutlgr> Tykm Jbua J'aj Ojumumi.

:2. ‑Isajo wislks tg mkstrgy jaa Ttjtks j`m Cgvkròk`ts j`ywlkrk g` tlkejdk ge tlk kjrtl wlidl jrk gppgskm tg tlk imkgagcy j`m prgcrjook geIsajo rkcjrmakss ge tlk dgu`try gr tlk @jtig` wlidl ruaks it. Isajo rkquirkstlk kjrtl-`gt nust j pgrtig`, but tlk wlgak paj`kt. ]gwjrms tlis k`m, Isajo wislks tg prkss i`tg skrvidk jaa egrdks wlidl dj` bri`c jbgut j rkvgautig`j`m j dgopgsitk tkro egr tlk usk ge jaa tlksk egrdks is Niljm. ‟

Xjoplakt> ‑Niljm i` Isajo‟ pjcks 9-:8. Jutlgr> Tykm Jbua J'ja Ojumumi.

:4. ‑Tajy tlk misbkaikvkrs wlk`kvkr ygu ei`m tlko. ]lk misbkaikvkrs slguam bk fiaakm i` wljtkvkr og`tl gr tiok tlky jrk egu`m.‟

Bggf> Oj'jrieua Zur’j`, Uga. :, pjck ;4=.

:=. ‑Isajo is j rkvgautig`jry imkgagcy j`m prgcrjook wlidl skkfs tg jatkrtlk sgdija grmkr ge tlk wlgak wgram j`m rkbuiam it i` dgègroity witl itsgw` tk`j`ts j`m imkjas.‟



<9

Xjoplakt> ‑Niljm i` Isajo‟ pjck <. Jutlgr> Tykm Jbua J'aj Ojumumi.

:;. ‑Isajo wislks tg mkstrgy jaa Ttjtks j`m Cgvkròk`ts j`ywlkrk g` tlkejdk ge tlk kjrtl wlidl jrk gppgskm tg tlk imkgagcy j`m prgcrjook ge

Isajo rkcjrmakss ge tlk dgu`try gr tlk @jtig` wlidl ruaks it.‟

Xjoplakt> ibim. pjck 9.

:5. ‑Isajo rkquirks tlk kjrtl -- `gt nust j pgrtig`, but tlk wlgak paj`kt. ‟

Xjoplakt> ibim. pjck :8.

:3. ‑]lk gbnkdtivk ge tlk Isajoid “Niljm' is tg kaioi`jtk tlk ruak ge j` u`-Isajoid systko j`m kstjbaisl i` its stkjm j` Isajoid systko ge stjtk ruak.Isajo mgks `gt i`tk`m tg dgèi`k tlis rkvgautig` tg j si`cak Ttjtk gr j ekwDgu`triks6 tlk jio ge Isajo is tg bri`c jbgut j uìvkrsja rkvgautig`.‟ Xjoplakt> ibim, pjck 2=.

Bjskm g` tlis fi`m ge ojtkrija, it is ljrmay j surprisk tljt oj`y vikw Isajo

(j`m `gt siopay ‑Isajoiso‟) js ljvi`c oudl ogrk i` dgoog` witl

pgaitidja kxtrkoiso tlj` it mgks witl j`y ckùi`k rkaicigus ejitl tljt

prgpgu`ms pkjdk. ]lis i`tgakrj`t eu`mjok`tjaiso i`drkjsi`cay jppkjrs tg

bk mkeiì`c wljt Isajo slguam bk. Sgrryi`cay i` tlis, tlk rkaicigus `gtig`

ge j rkegro, jeekdtkm by j ogrk spiritujaiskm Isajo tljt purpgrts tg bk

prjdtiskm by pkjdkeua Ousaios, is tgg getk` siopay mkìkm gr

ic`grkm.5< Lkrk tlk bjam trutl is sudl ogvkok`ts jrk aioitkm i` ùobkrs

5< Ajdfi`c j brgjmkr listgridja rkegrojtig` ge tlk ogvkok`t js Numjiso j`mDlristijìty kxpkrik`dkm, dritids getk` wisl tg dajio Isajo wlgaksjak dj``gt bk

nustieikm js bki`c j rkaicig` ge pkjdk. J dajio tljt ojfks `g prgvisig` egr tlk oiaaig`sge pkjdkeua prjdtitig`krs i` tlk wgram, i` its geeslggts sudl js tlk Tuei gr i` tlk

Jlojmiyyj ogvkok`t tljt lgams tljt sgok Ousaios ljvk krrkm witl rkcjrm tg tlkriclts ge drkjtig` egr tlky>

‑u`nustay rjisi`c tlk swgrm… djaa it Niljm‟, Vbkdjusk tlky ljvk_ ‑oisu`mkrstggmtlk dg`dkpt j`m purpgsk ge niljm i` Isajo.‟

It is bkdjusk ge tlis jddgu`t tljt Cluajo Jlojm ljs bkk` djaakm tlk Isj Ojsil (‑Nksustlk Okssijl‟)”j tkro wlidl rkajtks tg lis eu`dtig` i` rk-kstjbaisli`c tlk riclts gepkgpak by rkegroi`c tlkir mistgrtkm, vigak`t `gtig` ge niljm, nust js Nksus Dlrist djok



98

pri`dipjaay tg rkegro tlk lkjrts j`m jttitumks ge tlk Nkwisl `jtig`. I` fkkpi`c witltlis, lk bkaikvkm lis gbnkdt wjs tg mkek`m j`m prgpjcjtk Isajo cagbjaay tlrgucl `g`-

vigak`t okj`s, tg rkvivk tlk egrcgttk` vjauks ge pkjdk, egrcivk`kss j`m syopjtly egrjaa oj`fi`m, j`m tg kstjbaisl pkjdk i` tlk wgram tlrgucl tlk tkjdli`cs ge j rkegrokm

j`m euaeiaakm Isajo. Lk bkaikvkm tljt lis okssjck ljm spkdija rkakvj`dk egr tlk Skstjasg, wlidl, lk bkaikvkm, ljm mksdk`mkm i`tg ojtkrijaiso. I` tlis, lgwkvkr, gàysubnucjtig` tg tlk mkogdrjdy ge tlk lgst `jtig` wjs jddkptjbak.

Tueiso tgg witl its imkjaiskm `gtig`s ge Agvk i` bgtl luoj` j`m mivi`k tkros, j`mogrk spkdieidjaay its tkjdli`cs ge tgakrj`dk j`m pkjdk, is j eurtlkr ogrk oystidjamkvkagpok`t. ]lksk jrk lgwkvkr by `g okj`s ‑oji`strkjo‟ j`m tlk g`- rkdgcìtig`ge tlko js bki`c Isajoid is j stieai`c j`m dg`dkrì`c i`midjtig` ge tlk mgcojtiddg`skrvjtivk eu`mjok`tjaiso i`tri`sid i` oji`strkjo Tu`ì j`m Tlij Isajo.

It is tg bk gtkm lgwkvkr tljt g vkrsk ge tlk Zur’j` jbrgcjtks gr dj`dkas j`gtlkr vkrsk

egr Jlojmiyyj. Jaa Zur’jìd vkrsks tlkrkegrk ljvk kquja vjaimity, i` fkkpi`c witl tlkirkopljsis g` tlk ‑u`surpjssjbak bkjuty j`m u`qukstig`jbak vjaimity ge tlk Zur’j`‟.Tkk Erikmoj``, NilĊm i` JlojmĦ ]lguclt , p. 223. Uigak`t pjssjcks tlk` mg djuskprgbakos, but tlk ljrogìsjtig` ge jppjrk`tay i`dgopjtibak ruai`cs is rksgavkmtlrgucl tlkir nurimidja mkeajtig` i` JlojmĦ eiql, sg tljt j ruai`c (dg`simkrkm tg ljvkjppaidjbiaity gày tg tlk spkdieid situjtig` egr wlidl it wjs rkvkjakm) is keekdtivk `gt

bkdjusk it wjs rkvkjakm ajst, but bkdjusk it is ogst suitkm tg tlk situjtig` jt lj`m. Ogrkkxjopaks tlj` tlgsk jarkjmy ditkm jrk i` suppgrt ge pkjdkeua dg`dkr`s. Kxjopaks

bki`c>

2>2;5 Akt tlkrk bk `g dgopuasig` i` rkaicig`. ]rutl ljs bkk` ojmk dakjr ergo krrgr. Slgkvkr rknkdts ejask wgrslip j`m bkaikvks i` Jaajl ljs crjspkm tlk ogst trustwgrtlylj`mlgam tljt `kvkr brkjfs. J`m Jaajl lkjrs j`m f`gws jaa tli`cs.

:5><2 But ie tlky tur` jwjy ergo ygu, (G Xrgplkt rkokobkr tljt) ygur gày muty is jdakjr mkaivkry ge tlk Okssjck (k`trustkm tg ygu).

5>:83 Ykt ie Cgm ljm sg wiaakm, tlky wguam `gt ljvk jsdribkm Miviìty tg juclt bksimkslio6 lk`dk, Sk ljvk `gt ojmk ygu tlkir fkkpkr, `gr jrk ygu (ge ygur gw` dlgidk) jcujrmij` gvkr tlko.

=>39, <8 (Tjy tg kvkry g`k ge tlko) ‑'Sljtkvkr cggm bktimks ygu is ergo Cgm j`m wljtkvkr kvia bktimks ygu is ergo ygur gw` skae j`m tljt Sk ljvk (G Xrgplkt) sk`t ygutg oj`fi`m gày js j okssk`ckr j`m jaa sueeidi`c is Cgm js wit`kss. Slgsg gbkys tlkOkssk`ckr, lk i`mkkm gbkys Cgm. J`m egr tlgsk wlg tur` jwjy, Sk ljvk `gt sk`t ygujs j fkkpkr.‟

:3>;4, ;= ‑ J`m tkaa oy skrvj`ts tljt tlky slguam spkjf i` j ogst fi`may oj``kr (u`tgtlgsk wlg mg `gt sljrk tlkir bkaikes). Ukriay, Tjtj` is jawjys rkjmy tg stir up misdgrm

bktwkk` ok`6 egr vkriay6 Tjtj` is oj`’s egk .... Lk`dk, Sk ljvk gt sk`t ygu ([`tg ok`G Xrgplkt) witl pgwkr tg mktkroi`k tlkir Ejitl.‟

2:>:83 tg :89 ‑(G Xrgplkt7) 'Sk ljvk `gt sk`t ygu kxdkpt tg bk j okrdy tg jaaoj`fi`m>" Mkdajrk, ‑ Ukriay, wljt is rkvkjakm tg ok is tlis, ygur Cgm is tlk gày G`k

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9:

dgopjrkm tg tlk Tlij j`m Tu`ì egaagwkrs. Isajoiso, gr rjmidja Isajo j`m

oudl ge oji`strkjo Isajo tlkrkegrk, jppkjr tg dg`vkrck i` pkmjcgcid

aitkrjturk i`midjti`c j` i`drkjsi`cay wgrryi`c sdk`jrig> `jokay tljt j

oji`strkjo eu`mjok`tjaiso dg-kxists witli` Isajo j`m (`goi`ja

Ousaios jsimk) is `gw kokrci`c js j pkrspkdtivk wlidl is i`drkjsi`cay

bki`c listgridjaay rkjeeirokm by ogrk oji`strkjo pkrspkdtivks.

]lk pkrvjmi`c ièauk`dk ge rjmidjaiso

Kjraikr it wjs slgw` tljt @jtig`ja Tgdijaiso j`m Dgoouìso ljvkdgoog` kakok`ts witl tlk pgaitidja dg`dkr`s ge Isajo. Ogrk ck`krjaay

tlky>

(:) Gpkày prgdajio j uìvkrsjaist jio> j cagbja i`tk`tig` tg sprkjm j`m

iopakok`t imkgagcidja ruak gvkr tlk paj`kt j`m>

(2) Xrgdajio tlk riclt tg mkpgrt, gpprkss, rk-kmudjtk, gr sajy tlgsk wlg

mg `gt eit i`tg tlkir rkcioks6 js is durrk`tay tlk djsk egr kxjopak witl

missk`tkrs u`mkr tlk pgst ejiakm dgup ge Xrksimk`t Krmgcj` i` ]urfky.

Ogrk ck`krjaay dgu`triks sudl js I`mg`ksij, Xjfistj`, Xjaksti`k j`m Tjumi

Jrjbij prgogtk tlksk twg jios by ei`j`di`c oiaitj`t ogvkok`ts j`m

Cgm, sg is it gt up tg ygu tg bgw mgw` tg Lio7‟ But ie tlky tur` jwjy tlk` sjy, ‑I ljvkmkaivkrkm tlk ]rutl i` j oj``kr dakjr tg g`k j`m jaa, j`m I f`gw `gt wlktlkr tlkprgoiskm lgur (ge Numcok`t) is `kjr gr ejr.‟

22>53 ‑]g kvkry pkgpak ljvk Sk jppgi`tkm dkrkogìja ritks (ge prjykr) wlidl tlkygbskrvk6 tlkrkegrk, akt tlko `gt wrj`cak gvkr tlis ojttkr witl ygu, but bim tlko tgtur` tg ygur Agrm (si`dk tljt is tlk oji` gbnkdtivk ge rkaicig`). Ygu i`mkkm jrk ricltaycuimkm. But ie tlky stiaa misputk ygu i` tlis ojttkr, (tlk` sjy,) hCgm bkst f`gws (tlk

vjauk ge) wljt ygu mg.‟

<<>2:, 226 jasg skk 2=>;= ‑ J`m sg, (G Xrgplkt!) kxlgrt tlko ygur tjsf is gày tgkxlgrt6 ygu dj``gt dgopka tlko tg bkaikvk.‟



94

uatiojtk mgoi`j`dk, jeekdtkm js it is prksk`tay by oj`y ;tl dgauo` jdtivist

kxtrkoists pgsi`c js ogmkrjtks. I`mivimujas iopaidjtkm by tlkir jdtig`s

j`m imk`tieikm js sudl i` tlk Xrkss j`m oji`strkjo okmij rkdk`tay ljvk

bkk` sudl i`mivimujas js ]jriq Rjojmj` gr Djck’s Jssio Zukrksli.59 ]lky

jppkjr tg bk i`drkjsi`c i` ùobkrs, pgwkr j`m ièauk`dk tg eurtlkr tlk

pgaitidja djusk j`m skkf uatiojtkay j sljrij stjtk gr sgok egro ge Isajoid

suprkojdiso by dgvkrt okj`s.

]lksk i`mivimujas jrk `gt siopay rjrk j`gojaiks kitlkr. Rjmidjaiso is

ogrk oji`strkjo j`m i`tri`sid tg Isajo tlj` tlk pgaitidjaay dgrrkdt rkjaisk

gr jrk kvk` wiaai`c tg jddkpt. 38 I` tlis, j`y oi`grity ogmkrjtk okssjck is

tgg getk` siak`t, j`m tlgsk tljt mg spkjf jrk getk` mrgw`km gut by tlk ogrk

pgwkreua vgidk ge j ekrvk`t tljt ejvgur j`m akj` tgwjrms j` i`drkjsi`c

rjmidjaiso. ]lk qugtk civk` jt tlk lkjm ge tlis wgrf by tlk ]urfisl

Xrksimk`t slgws tlis. Kvk` jog`cst tlk sg djaakm ‑mkogdrjtid‟ j`m

‑erik`may‟ Isajoid `jtig`s ge tlk Skst, j rjtlkr stubbgr`, mgcojtid j`m

jbsgautk imkj ge wljt Isajo is stiaa prkvjiai`c gr is rkjsskrti`c itskae. ]lk

59 Tkk lkrk i` rkspkdt tg ]jriq Rjojmj`'s Isajoist drkmk`tijas. Tkk jasg lkrk egr JssioZukrksli’s rkja vikws mkspitk lis dajio tg ogmkrjtig`.

]lk usk ge tjqiyyj by tlgsk witl ogrk rjmidja syopjtliks is j tjdtid getk` kopagykmtg eurtlkr tlkir jios. Tkk egr kxjopak tlk ejtlkr ge j rkdk`t Niljmi tkk` kagpkr wlgrj` jwjy tg Tyrij tg ngi` ITIA lkrk.

38 ]gogrrgw's Xig`kkrs6 jasg ]lk Xig`kkrs ge ]gogrrgw is j dliamrk`'s prgcrjook,

brgjmdjst si`dk Jpria :4, 2883 g` tlk Xjakstiìj` Ljojs-jeeiaijtkm tkakvisig` stjtig`, Ja-Jqsj ]U). ]lk slgw ekjturks ygu`c lgst Tjrj Bjrlguo j`m lkr dg-lgst, j ajrckdgstuokm jìoja js tlky pkregro sfits j`m misduss aiek i` Xjaksti`k i` j tjaf slgwejslig` witl djaa-i`s ergo dliamrk` (typidjaay ge jck 9-:4 witl sgok js ygu`c js 4).Xrksk`tkm i` j dliamrk`'s kmudjtig`ja egrojt sioiajr tg sudl slgws js Tksjok Ttrkkt , ]gogrrgw's Xig`kkrs is liclay dg`trgvkrsija js it dg`tji`s j`ti-Nkwisl j`m j`ti-

Dlristij` ojtkrija, j`ti-Jokridjìso, j`m gtlkr j`ti-Skst tlkoks.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costumed_character

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_TV

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Authority

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_program







9=

pkrspkdtivk is i`tri`sid tg tlk `jturk ge Isajo j`m is `gt g`k siopay aioitkm

tg j`y i`mivimuja prkjdlkrs pgaitidjaay dg`trgvkrsija ‑ljtk‟ spkkdl.3:

J` kxjopak ge lgw oji`strkjo tlk rjmidja kakok`ts jrk is slgw` i`

‑Xig`kkrs ge ]gogrrgw ‟, j dliamrk`’s prgcrjook jirkm g` Xjakstiìj` ]U .

Lkrk tlk jìoja Ejreur tjafs kxpaiditay ge ‑ wgram akjmkrslip u`mkr Isajoid

akjmkrslip.‟32

‑ wk, tlk crkjt g`ks, stjrtkm tlis prgcrjook tg akjm tlk wgram. ]lkùdakus Jxis, witl tlk wiaa ge Jaajl, wiaa bk lkrk i` Xjaksti`k.‟ 34

3: Tkk jasg J`nko Dlgumjry lkrk.

32 Tkk lkrk.

34 94% ge Xjakstiìj`s jrk Ousaio, tlk vjst ojngrity ge wlgo jrk egaagwkrs ge tlk Tu`ì brj`dl ge Isajo, witl j sojaa oi`grity ge Jlojmiyyj. Xjaksti ij` Dlristij`s rkprksk`tj sicìeidj`t oi`grity ge 5%, egaagwkm by oudl sojaakr rkaicigus dgoouìtiks,i`daumi`c Mruzk j`m Tjojritj`s.

[`tia tlk k`m ge tlk :9tl dk`tury, ogst Xjakstiìj` Ousaio viaajckrs i` tlk dgu`trysimkmim `gt ljvk agdja ogsquks. Drgss-duaturja sy`drktiso bktwkk` Dlristij` j`m Isajoidsyobgas j`m eicurks i` rkaicigus prjdtidk wjs dgoog`. Xgpuajr ekjst mjys, aifk

]lursmjy ge tlk Mkjm, wkrk dkakbrjtkm by bgtl Ousaios j`m Dlristij`s j`m sljrkmprgplkts j`m sji`ts i`daumkm Ng`jl, wlg is wgrslippkm i` Ljalua js bgtl j Bibaidjaj`m Isajoid prgplkt, j`m Tt. Ckgrck, wlg is f`gw` i` Jrjbid js ka Fljmkr. Uiaajckrs

wguam pjy tributk tg agdja pjtrg` sji`ts jt j ojqjo — j mgokm si`cak rggo- getk`pajdkm i` tlk sljmgw ge j` j`dik`t djrgb gr gjf trkk. Tji`ts, tjbgg by tlk stj`mjrms gegrtlgmgx Isajo, okmijtkm bktwkk` oj` j`m Jaajl, j`m slri`ks tg sji`ts j`m lgay ok`mgttkm tlk Xjakstiìj` aj`msdjpk. Jai Zakibg, j Xjakstiìj` j`tlrgpgagcist, stjtks tljttlis buiat kvimk`dk dg`stitutks ‑j` jrdlitkdturja tkstiog`y tg Dlristij`/OgsakoXjakstiìj` rkaicigus sk`sibiaity j`m its rggts i` j`dik`t Tkoitid rkaicig`s.‟

Rkaicig` js dg`stitutivk ge i`mivimuja imk`tity wjs jddgrmkm j oi`gr rgak witli`Xjakstiìj` tribja sgdija strudturk u`tia tlk ajttkr ljae ge tlk :9tl dk`tury. NkjÒgrktji`, j prikst writi`c i` :<=<, wrgtk tljt j Dlristij` i` Xjaksti`k wjs>

‑misti`cuislkm gày by tlk ejdt tljt lk bkag`ckm tg j pjrtiduajr daj`. Ie j dkrtji`tribk wjs Dlristij`, tlk` j` i`mivimuja wguam bk Dlristij`, but witlgutf`gwakmck ge wljt misti`cuislkm lis ejitl ergo tljt ge j Ousaio.‟

]lk dg`dkssig`s crj`tkm tg Erj`dk j`m gtlkr Skstkr` pgwkrs by tlk Gttgoj`Tuatj`jtk i` tlk jetkrojtl ge tlk Driokj` Sjr ljm j sicìeidj`t iopjdt g`dg`tkopgrjry Xjakstiìj` rkaicigus duaturja imk`tity. Rkaicig` wjs trj`segrokm i`tg j`kakok`t> ‑dg`stituti`c tlk i`mivimuja/dgaakdtivk imk`tity i` dgègroity witl grtlgmgxprkdkpts‟ j`m egrokm j ojngr buiami`c bagdf i` tlk pgaitidja mkvkagpok`t geXjakstiìj` `jtig`jaiso. ]lk egu`mi`c ge Isrjka tgmjy vikwkm js j ‑îgìst‟ i`vjsig`tgg, ljs sljpkm ogrk eu`mjok`tja Isajoid sk`sibiaitiks.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-JnaCGotM0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qWq31W6VsU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1lMKX-Le1I



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qWq31W6VsU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-JnaCGotM0



9;

J`gtlkr slgw prgdajios>

‑ Sk wiaa j`ìliajtk tlk Nkws‟ j`m ‑ wk’ vk sjim ogrk tlj` g`dk tljt

bkdgoi`c ojstkrs ge tlk wgram rkquirks tlk egaagwi`c6 eirst, tg bkljppy witl gur Jrjbid aj`cujck.‟

]lk kxtk`t ge tlis pgpuajrisi`c i`tg tlk oji`strkjo vij tkakvisig` j`m

rjmig j`m tlk i`tkr`kt dgoouìty jt ajrck is j` i`drkjsi`cay dgoog`

plk`gok`g`, jt akjst i` tlk Oimmak Kjst. Rjmidja vjauks, lgwkvkr, ljvk

jasg bkk` sprkjm vij i`tkr`kt dljt rggos j`m wkb-bjskm dgoouìtiks tljt

ljvk civk` it j cagbja rkjdl, iopgssibak bkegrk tlk birtl ge tlk i`tkr`kt.

Listgridjaay spkjfi`c, vigak`dk j`m tlk pgaitidja djusk ljvk kxistkm witli`

Isajo’s imkgagcidja ojfk-up ajrckay ergo tlk bkci`ì`c. It is `gt sueeidik`t

tlkrkegrk tg siopay misoiss it js eri`ck pgaitidja kxtrkoiso, rkogtk ergo

wljt ‑truk‟ Isajo wjs, gr is, i` tlk i`tkrksts ge oji`tjiì`c j erjciak pkjdk.

@gr dj` g`k siopay jmgpt j lkjm i` tlk sj`ms jpprgjdl gr bajok it okrkay

js j ok`tja jbkrrjtig` by g`k gr ogrk drjzkm i`mivimujas, wlk` tkrrgrist

jdts jrk bkci`ì`c tg gddur witl i`drkjsi`c erkquk`dy. Tudl tkopgrjry

kxdusks okrkay ic`grk prkssi`c prgbakos tljt grici`jtk j`m jrk sustji`km

by tlk mgdtri`ja tkxts tlkoskavks.

Sliast wkstkr` ièauk`dks j`m pgaitidja kxdursig`s i` Ousaio ojngrity

dgu`triks ljs jasg kxkrtkm j` ièauk`dk i` kxjdkrbjti`c rjmidjaiso, it is

jasg i`sueeidik`t tg siopay bajok gurskavks. Sk dj``gt siopay vikw it js j

dg`skquk`dk ge prgbakos sgakay djuskm by gur gw` sgdikty, i` spitk ge tlk

dajios ge dkrtji` wkstkr` Ousaios skkfi`c tg mkek`m tlkir gw` djusk. I`

mgi`c tlis, tlky rjtlkr tk`m tg prgtkst tgg oudl j`m rkvkja jt tlkir dgrk j

ekrvk`t j`ti-mkogdrjtid, j`ti-dg`stitutig`ja rjmidjaiso tljt tlky prgekss

tlky mg `gt gw`. Aifk tlk duaturja Ojrxists ge gam, tlkrkegrk, tlky usk tlis

js j` kxdusk tg eurtlkr duaturja pkssioiso jbgut tlk wgrtl ge gur vjauks,



95

wliast siouatj`kgus strk`ctlkì`c tlk virtuks ge tlkir gw`. Sliast

u`mgubtkmay wkstkr` oiaitjry i`dursig`s j`m tlk wkstkr` ouatiduaturja

systko ljvk dg`tributkm tg tlk prksk`t tkrrgrist jttjdfs, it wguam bk u`nust

j`m lypgdritidja tg k`tirkay skkf tg civk Isajo j`m Ousaios j erkk pjss

bkdjusk ge it. It is, eurtlkrogrk, j ogrja lypgdrisy, wlk` Isajo’s dgrk

prkdkpts kvk` tg tlis mjy dakjray dg`tji` i`luoj`k kakok`ts j`m jmvgdjtk

tlk ojatrkjtok`t ge wgok`, gr stiaa ykt urck j djaa tg rkprkssig` gr

sajucltkr nustieikm egr spirituja k`ms. ]lksk prgbakos rkoji` tgmjy js pjrt

ge Isajo’s listgry j`m akcjdy. It dakjray rkquirks dagskr i`spkdtig` ge wljt

dg`stitutks Isajo i` its pgaitidja, tlkgagcidja j`m rkaicigus ojìekstjtig`si` grmkr tg ogmiey tlk crgwi`c tk`mk`diks it ljs tg rkjsskrt its ogrk

rjmidja j`m vigak`t iopkrjtivks.

]lk mieeiduatiks ge jssioiajtig`

I` tlk aibkrja agvi`c, luoj` riclts jmvgdjti`c Kurgpk, tlk ouati-duaturja

imkja ljs rksuatkm gày i` j sdlizgplrkìd sgdikty tljt ljs sguclt tg>

• rkspkdt j`m oji`tji` tlk kakok`ts ge iooicrj`t duaturk, wliast

• dg`trjriay dajioi`c tlk `kkm tg jssioiajtk tlko i`tg tlk lgst

`jtig`’s gw` duaturja j`m pgaitidja imk`tity.

Tudl j pjrjmgxidja ogmka, lgwkvkr, ljs i`vitkm sgdija j`m duaturja

sdlisos j`m ogrk ck`krjaay kxjdkrbjtkm skrigus sgdija prgbakos.

Ogrk ck`krjaay, egr tlgsk wlgsk oi`mskt j`m vjauks dj` bk brgjmay

dljrjdtkriskm js Numkg-Dlristij` i` gutaggf, but ykt iègrokm by tlk

‑aibkrja‟ vjauks ge tlk Kurgpkj` pgaitidja j`m duaturja ogmka, iooicrj`t



93

jssioiajtig` ljs brgjmay bkk` j suddkss.3= But agst i` tlk kqujtig` tgg ljs

bkk` tlk prgbako ge jssioiajti`c tlk vjauks j`m bkaikes ge Isajo, bgtl

duaturjaay j`m pgaitidjaay.

]lk eu`mjok`tja prgbako lkrk is lgw Isajo js j pgaitidg rkaicigus systko

dj` bk suddksseuaay i`dgrpgrjtkm i`tg wkstkr`, prkmgoi`j`tay skduajr

mkogdrjtid sgdiktiks, wlk` Isajo prgouacjtks tlkgdrjdy j`m sljrij j`m

skkfs gày tg iopakok`t tlko js its ag`c-tkro imkjas.

]lis is j` issuk tljt ljs bkk` ajrckay ic`grkm by cgvkròk`ts j`m okmij

u`tia rkajtivkay rkdk`tay, js Isajo tgg rkjmiay ljs bkk` auopkm tgcktlkr

witl gtlkr rkaicig`s tljt purvky j` ktlgs ge pkjdk j`m wlidl ajdf j strg`c

pgaitidja imk`tity. Isajo, lgwkvkr, witl its rkvgautig`jry ktlgs j`m

rkaicigus pgaitidja eusig` is imkgagcidjaay uìquk. It rkprksk`ts i` its

eu`mjok`tjas tlk j`titlksis ge wkstkr` aibkrjaiso witl its ‑mg js tlgu wisl

j`m jddkpt jaa pgi`ts ge vikw‟ ktlgs. It is j` issuk tlk Skst ljs `gw bkk`

egrdkm tg jmmrkss gày rkaudtj`tay, muk tg i`drkjsi`c prkvjak`dk ge tkrrgrist

jdts.

I` tlis, ogmkr` wkstkr` sgdikty ljs bkk` oistjfk` i` its jssuoptig` tljt

j` kègrdkm aibkrjaiso, dgupakm witl j` i`dausivk tgakrj`dk ge tlk jaik`, 3;

3= ]lis pgaitidja vikw ljs ajrckay ejiakm tg dg`simkr tlk iopjirok`t ge `jtig`ja imk`tityi` tlk ouati-duaturja prgcrkssig`. ]lk agss ge `jtig`ja imk`tity djusi`c dgèusig` js tgits vjauks. Tg tgg, tlk pgaitidja prgcrkssig` ljs kobrjdkm j` i`drkjsi`cay kxpj`mi`c,gpk` bgrmkrs, suprj`jtig`ja Kurgpkj` stjtk dgaakdtivk. But tlis dg`dkr` ljs bkk`pgaitidja j`m ajrckay u`dg`dkr`km witl tlk dgèusig` tljt tlis ljs drkjtkm i` tkros ge

wljt K[ duaturja vjauks jrk suppgskm tg k`tjia. It rkquirks j `g bgrmkrs imkja tg egrckj Kurgpkj` pgaitidja supkr stjtk, but tlis i`kvitjbay krgmks `jtig`ja imk`tity. It jasgrkquirks, it is dajiokm, i`drkjskm iooicrjtig`, nustieikm js j` kdg`goid `kdkssity.

Sliast tlk iopjdt ge i`drkjsi`cay Ousaio iooicrjtig` ljs bkk` ic`grkm i` ejvgur gej` jaa-i`dausivk, `g`-prknumidkm jpprgjdl, Isajo j`m its pjrtiduajr prgbakos `kkms tg

bk dg`simkrkm js i`viti`c duaturja prgbakos uìquk tg it.

3; Isajo is jaik` tg wkstkr` aibkrjaiso i` its jmlkrk`dk tg jbsgautk vjauks j`m itstk`mk`dy tg slirf ogrja rkajtiviso. J`y dg`dkr` tg iopgsk tlksk jbsgautk vjauks bytlkgdrjtid cgvkròk`t lgwkvkr is i`dgopjtibak witl mkogdrjtid, ajrckay skduajr

wkstkr` cgvkròk`t. ]lk Numkg-Dlristij` vjauks u`mkrpi`ì`c gur duaturja `gros



9<

wiaa uatiojtkay akjm tg j ogrk pkjdkeua j`m stjbak sgdikty, siopay bkdjusk

it wiaa jppkja tg its ditizk`s bkttkr `jturks gr ‑liclkr j`ckas‟. Egr witl its

eusig` ge pgaitids j`m tlk jbsgautk vjauks prgpjcjtkm by its rkaicigus dajio

(tljt it is tlk uatiojtk tkstjok`t ge tlk mivi`k ‑trutl‟) tlk prgcrkssig` tg

euaa jssioiajtig` witl tlk ogrja rkajtiviso ge tlk Skst jppkjrs ioprgbjbak

witlgut rjmidja rkegro.

]g mjtk, pjrtiduajray i` Kurgpk, tlk rksuat ge ouati-duaturjaiso ljs

i`drkjsi`cay akm tg erjcok`tjtig`. Ouati-duaturjaiso ljs u`mkroi`km j`m

akm tg j crjmuja agss ge tlk lgst `jtig`’s gw` imk`tity i` bgtl pgaitidja,

duaturja, rkaicigus j`m ogrja tkros. @g-cg k`dajvks try tg prkskrvk tlk

vjauks ge tlk Isajoid ejitl js j dgu`tkr okjsurk. ]lky mg tlis tg jmmrkss

tlk dgèusig` j`m ioogrjaity tljt is i`drkjsi`cay jppjrk`t jaa jrgu`m

tlko, but tlis rjtlkr tk`ms tg rkiègrdk `g`-jssioiajtig` j`m j rknkdtig`

ge wkstkr` vjauks i` tur`.

I` agdja dgoouìtiks, sgdija isgajtig` tk`ms tg brkkm eu`mjok`tjaiso egr

egaagwkrs ge Isajo jcji`st j pkrdkivkm wkstkr` k`koy, wlidl is

i`drkjsi`cay skk` js tgg aibkrja j`m pkroissivk j`m dg`skquk`tay gppgskm

tg j`y ogrk grtlgmgx `gtig`s ge wljt rkaicigus ogrjaity slguam k`tjia.

]lis is j ogrja bjttak, js wkaa js j` kxistk`tija eiclt egr survivja> j dg`dkr`

tg prkskrvk tlk vjauks tljt Isajo k`tjias j`m wlidl jrk mkkokm u`mkr

tlrkjt by tlk jaik` k`virgòk`t i` wlidl it is pajdkm. It rkquirks tlk

pgaitidja j`m duaturja vjauks ge tlk lgst `jtig` tg bk i`drkjsi`cay ogmieikm

tg dgègro witl its gw` `gros j`m ogrks gr (ejiai`c tlis) rknkdtkm i` tur`.

It drkjtks j skae-sustjiì`c ekkmbjdf aggp tljt tk`ms tg i`drkjsk rjmidjaiso

js tli`cs prgcrkss. By tlk sjok okjsurk, tlk ogrk cgvkròk`ts prgpgsk

j`m ogrks tgmjy ljvk ajrckay bkk` aibkrjaiskm j`m rkaicigus vjauks ljvk jmjptkmjddgrmi`cay. Isajo lgwkvkr dj` bk skk` tg bk i`dgopjtibak dlikeay muk tg its pgaitidjaiopkrjtivks j`m its mksirk tg ruak by mivi`k prkrgcjtivk. It is tg bk rkokobkrkm tljt

bgtl Dlristijìty j`m Numjiso u`mkrwk`t tlkir gw` rjmidja rkegrojtig`s, wlidl ojmktlkir dgopjtibiaity witl ogmkr` wkstkr` mkogdrjtid stjtks j pgssibiaity.



99

i`drkjskm jssioiajtig` ge Isajo witl its gw` vjauks, tlk ogrk tlksk vjauks

wiaa bk rknkdtkm js j okj`s tg prkskrvk its gw` imk`tity. I`mkkm, tlk

tk`mk`dy tg kègrdk jssioiajtig` tk`ms tg kxjdkrbjtk eu`mjok`tjaiso i`

itskae.

Sliast rkdgcìsi`c prgbakos, tlk pgaitidjaay dgrrkdt vikw ajrckay tk`ms tg

spi` tlko, rjtlkr tlj` jmmrkss tlko. It dajios ouatiduaturjaiso ljs

i`mkkm k`dgurjckm skpjrjtiso, jaik`jtig` j`m rjmidjaiso i` sgok

qujrtkrs, but tlis is j aioitkm prgbako. Dkrtji` oi`grity eicurks i` tlk

Ousaio dgoouìty jrk ck`krjaay imk`tieikm j`m viaieikm gr mkpgrtkm gr

ioprisg`km bkdjusk ge tlis, but usujaay gày ie tlky i`ditk vigak`t jdts gr

djrry tlko gut tlkoskavks, wliast it is dajiokm ogst Ousaios mg `gt lgam

sudl vikws j`m dj` aivk ljppiay witl wkstkr` vjauks.35 But i` tlis, js

jawjys, tlk prgbakos rjiskm by Isajo ogrk wimkay jrk ck`krjaay

oisu`mkrstggm j`m u`mkrkstiojtkm. ]lk wimksprkjm mieeiduatiks by

aibkrjas wisli`c tg kègrdk tgakrj`dk j`m kqujaity i` jaa dirduostj`dks jrk

tgg getk` pkrdkivkm js j wkjf`kss. I` tlis, wliast sgok Ousaios dj` bk

tkrokm ‑duaturja‟ Ousaios tljt dajio tg ajdf rkaicigus bkaikes (Rjlkko

Fjssjo tlk riclt-wi`c `jtig`jaist j`m Brkitbjrt Kmitgr bki`c j prgoi`k`t

35 Rjmidjaiso ljs bkk` kxjdkrbjtkm muk tg j` i`drkjsi`c mispjrity bktwkk` tlk pgaitidja

vjauks kspguskm by tlk pgaitidij`s, witl tlk vjauks ge wljt Isajo is pkrdkivkm tg bk.Xgaitidij`s jrk vikwkm js lypgdritidja i` tlkir pgaitidjaay dgrrkdt mistgrtig` ge Isajo js

j rkaicig` ge pkjdk, wliast tlky dg`tiùk tg mirkdtay jssjuat Isajoid `jtig`s i` tlk jokge ‑erkkmgo‟ j`m ‑mkogdrjdy‟ i` tur`. I` tlis lypgdrisy, it is pkrdkivkm, tlkrk is j` ‑usj`m tlko‟, bk pkjdkeua wliak wk jttjdf ygu, mivimk j`m dg`qukr ok`tjaity, i` wljt itokj`s tg bk j rkspg`sibak ditizk`, wkicltkm i` wkstkr` tkros. Bgtl Isajo j`m Ousaiospkrsg`jaay jrk pkrdkivkm js bki`c u`mkr mirkdt jttjdf rkaicigusay, pgaitidjaay j`mduaturjaay bgtl jt lgok j`m jbrgjm. ]lis kvgfks j rkspg`sk.

Bki`c j rkspg`sibak okobkr ge tlk i`tkr`jtig`ja dgoouìty rksts g` j` jddkptj`dk ge wkstkr` pgaitidja j`m oiaitjry i`tkrksts. Jios tljt ljvk `g prgbako i` u`mkroiì`cIsajoid dgu`triks egr tlk eurtlkrj`dk ge tlkir gw` `kkms, vjauks j`m wjy ge aiek.Okj`wliak ditizk`s jt lgok jrk k`dgurjckm tg pjssivkay jddkpt tlis i` tlk `jok ge

bki`c pkjdkeua. Ie pkjdk is ajumkm, it is tlk` vikwkm js j lypgdritidja pkjdk, vkry oudlegr tlk bk`keit ge tlk Skst j`m tg eurtlkr lkckog`y purkay g` tlk Skst’s tkros.



:88

kxjopak) tlkrk jrk tlgsk ge Isajoid pkrsujsig` tgg, wlg ljvk `gt

rksdi`mkm tlkir bkaikes j`m skkf tg tjfk jmvj`tjck. I` tlis, tlkir durrk`t

`jtig`ja imk`tity mgks `gt truop tlkir `gtig` ge wljt it okj`s tg bk j

prjdtisi`c bkaikvkr. ]lkir imkgagcy iègros j`m grici`jtks j duaturk uìquk

tg tlkoskavks js Ousaios, j`m it is g`k tljt vkry oudl trj`sdk`ms

`jtig`ja imk`tity j`m wkstkr` vjauks js j dg`skquk`dk. Eurtlkrogrk, it is

jt agcckrlkjms witl it. It tk`ms tg djrry j uìquk vjauk systko, jt gmms witl

tlk vjauks ge tlk lgst `jtig`, wlidl is rkcjrmkm js kxdkssivkay pkroissivk

j`m ioogrja. Rkprksskm j`m pajdkm i` j` jaik` k`virgòk`t, its `jturja

rkspg`sk is tg jdlikvk skae-survivja, but rjtlkr tlj` siopay k`dgurjci`cogmkrjtig`, gr jssioiajtig`, rjmidja kakok`ts ljvk `jturjaay kokrckm j`m

prgaiekrjtkm.

]lk ouatiduaturja ogmka ljs bkk` j ejiaurk i` rkspkdt tg Isajo. But it ljs

bkk` crkjtay jssistkm by j oisu`mkrstj`mi`c ge wljt prkdiskay oji`strkjo

Isajo is> j tk`mk`dy tg vikw it js j rkaicig`, erkk ge j`y pgaitidja dg`tkxt,

bjskm g` j siopaistid mksirk tg djtkcgrisk tlk oji`strkjo js j ‑rkaicig` ge

pkjdk‟ j`m tlkrkegrk pjssivk j`m bkìc`. But tlk pkjdkeua tjc is tgg getk`

i`jddurjtk, `jivk j`m gvkray gptioistid. @kitlkr dj` it siopay bk

dg`vkìk`tay tjcckm g` tg oji`strkjo Isajo siopay js j wisl tljt tlis is

wljt j luoj`k pkrspkdtivk rkquirks.

]lk jttitumk ejias tg u`mkrstj`m tlk imkj tljt Isajo’s iopkrjtivk ge wljt is

truay luoj`k rkquirks j sgoktioks dirduitgus j`m vigak`t rgutk tg jdlikvk

its ag`c tkro pkjdkeua cgjas. I`mkkm, i` tlis, wliast oj`y Ousaios oiclt

wkaa bk ‑pkjdkeua‟ j`m kvk` imk`tiey js ‑duaturja Ousaios‟, ajdfi`c ejitl i`

tlk rkaicigus sk`sk, Isajo itskae is gt j`m ljs kvkr bkk` siopay j ‑rkaicig`

ge pkjdk‟, `gr i`mkkm is it siopay pjssivk. G` tlk dg`trjry, its vjauks getk`

k`dgurjck sgdija j`m pgaitidja jdtiviso, j`m tlk nustieidjtig` ge ogrk

rjmidja sgautig`s tg jdlikvk its cgjas. Its cgja ojy i`mkkm bk pkjdkeua but



:8:

tlk okj`s tg jdlikvk tlko rkquirks suboissig` by j`y okj`s. ]lis getk`

nustieiks dg`qukst, vigak`dk j`m wjr egr tlk rkaicigus imkjas ge j liclkr

cggm.

Ogrk ck`krjaay, tlk bkìc` `jturk ge tlk ‑rkaicigus‟ pkrspkdtivk ljs tgg

wiaai`cay bkk` prksuokm, siopay bkdjusk sgok ejdtig`s ge Isajo prksk`tay

prjdtisk pkjdk. ]lis rjtlkr tk`ms tg u`mkrkstiojtk tlk pgssibiaity ge

rjmidjaiso rkjsskrti`c itskae i` tlk euturk, gr tljt pkjdk is tkopgrjriay

prjdtiskm i` j duaturja sktti`c tg jdlikvk j pgsitig` ge strk`ctl.

[`mkrkstiojti`c tlk cgja ge Isajo tlk` is tgg ck`krjaay djst i` tlk dg`tkxt

ge prksk`t dirduostj`dks, witlgut dg`simkri`c Isajo’s uatiojtk euturk

jios gr ag`c-tkro cgjas.

]lk oygpid jttitumk is g`k kxjdkrbjtkm by tlk rkaicigus sk`sibiaity ge

Dlristij` pjdieiso. Js ljs bkk` slgw` by Xgpk Erj`dis ’ dajio dg`dkrì`c

tlk cagbja rkjdl ge tkrrgriso. Egr Xgpk Erj`dis ‑tlk wgram is jt wjr‟, but

`gt witl rkaicig`s js tlky gày wj`t ‑pkjdk‟.33 Ykt tlis dj``gt bk

suddksseuaay dajiokm, wlk` Isajo k`tjias suboissig` j`m oj`y rkaicigus

pkrspkdtivks witli` it skkf j pkjdkeua k`m but ykt nustiey tlis by vigak`t j`m

gpprkssivk okj`s.

Xkjdk jssuoks tljt tlgsk Ousaios wlg mg ekka j sk`sk ge jaik`jtig`, j`m

wlg ajdf i`tkcrjtig` witl Britisl, gr ogrk brgjmay Kurgpkj` mkogdrjtid

vjauks, jrk siopay jddkpti`c ge tlk stjtus qug. It u`mkrkstiojtks tlk

`jturk ge tlk Isajoid prgcrkssig`. Ouatiduaturjaiso ljs siouatj`kgusay

akm tg j missipjtig` ge Britisl vjauks j`m wljt dg`stitutks Britisl`kss.

Ajdfi`c j dakjr `jtig`ja imk`tity kxjdkrbjtks duaturja dgèusig`. Duaturja

dgèusig` akjms tg dgèuskm ogrja vjauks j`m sgdija jaik`jtig`. ]lis

jaik`jtig` is getk` i`mudkm by skpjrjtiso j`m j ajdf ge jssioiajtig`. ]lk

skpjrjtig` ge Ousaio dgoouìtiks witli` tlk lgst `jtig` jrisks jasg js j

33 Tkk Xgpk Erj`dis rkojrfs lkrk.

http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/693980/pope-world-war-France-church-terror-attack-priest






:82

mkek`dk okdljìso i` tlk ejdk ge jaik` vjauks getk` pkrdkivkm js ioogrja.

It ljs k`dgurjckm jaik`jtig`, but kxjdkrbjtkm eu`mjok`tjaiso js j

prgtkdtivk rkspg`sk i` tur`. I` j`y vjauk systko i`trj`sick`t tg dlj`ck,

Isajo’s dg`dkr` ljs bkk` tg rkjeeiro wljt it is i` tlk ejdk ge tlk

erjcok`tkm, missipjtkm j`m jaik` k`virgòk`t i` wlidl it ei`ms itskae. Aifk

tlk Nkws ge tlk Xjak, it gày skkfs its gw` skae-prkskrvjtig`, but ojy wkaa

sueekr ergo its gw` ajdf ge jssioiajtig` js j dg`skquk`dk. ]lk ajdf ge

jssioiajtig` civi`c risk tg ogrk kxtrkok pgaitidja pkrspkdtivks j`m kvk`

duaturja j`m rkvgautig`jry dgèaidt. Mkvgut bkaikvkrs’ jttitumks i` tlk

ogsquks ljvk bkk` i`drkjsi`cay eu`mjok`tjaiskm, but it is js oudl tg mg witl j rkjeeirojtig` ge j pkrdkivkm agss ge imk`tity brguclt g` by tlk

mkbiaitjti`c agss ge Britisl, gr ogrk ck`krjaay wkstkr` vjauks, js oudl js

j` gutrjck jt tlk lgst `jtig` pgsi`c j tlrkjt tg Ousaio `jtig`s jbrgjm.

Tgok Ousaios ei`m i` Isajo tlk ogrja dg`tkxt tg rkjeeiro wljt tlky

pkrdkivk is ajdfi`c i` tlk wkstkr` duaturk i` wlidl tlky ljvk bkk` rjiskm.

I` dg`trjst, oj`y akss jssioiajtkm Ousaios, pjrtiduajray tlgsk ajdfi`c tlk

ogrja cuimkai`ks ge j ejitl, ljvk mkvkagpkm j` jttitumk ge drioi`jaity

rkeakdtivk ge tlk jaik`jtig` tlky ekka. ]lkir rkjdtig` ùrturks j mismji` egr

tlk myseu`dtig`ja sgdikty tlky pkrdkivk jrgu`m tlko.

I` tlksk djsks, tlk `g`-Ousaio ditizk`s, wlg uplgam tlk rkajtivk vjauks ge

aibkrjaiso i` tlkir skduajr sgdikty, jrk getk` vikwkm js ejiai`c tg dgègro

tg vjauks ge j`y wgrtl. Tkduajr gr duaturja ‑Ousaios‟ wlg mg `gt prjdtisk

jrk i`drkjsi`cay vikwkm js lypgdritidja, u`virtugus j`m dgrrupt

tlkoskavks by tlk rkaicigus dgoouìty. Jaik`jtig` kègrdks skpjrjtiso

j`m jdts ge rkbkaaig` j`m rknkdtig` jcji`st tlgsk mkkokm j` k`koy. ]lk

duaturja prgbakos jrk dakjr j`m gddur jrisi`c ergo j misrkcjrm egr tlk

wkjf`kss ge wkstkr` vjauks j`m kxprksskm dg`tkoptugusay.



:8=

mistrkssi`c kxjopaks. Ogrk rkdk`t sdj`mjas i` Britji`, egr kxjopak i`

Rgtlkrljo j`m ]kaegrm ljvk bkk` kvk` wgrsk.

I` Njùjry 28:4 tlk Agdja rkpgrtkm j 22-ykjr-gam wgoj` wjs cj`c-rjpkm

by eivk ok` i` Ttgdflgao, tlk eirst ge tlrkk-rkpgrtkm cj`c-rjpks i` tlk dity

tljt ykjr. Kiclt Ousaio ojak tkk`jckrs wkrk jrrkstkm g` suspidig` ge

jccrjvjtkm rjpk i` dg``kdtig` witl tlk tlrkk i`dimk`ts. Tioiajray, tlk

Jrdlbislgp ge Drjòkr’s bagc spgt mktjias j licl-prgeiak misturbi`c djsk

i` Erj`dk, wlkrk twg tkk`jck ciras wkrk tlk prgag`ckm vidtios ge dg`stj`t

cj`c-rjpks by mgzk`s ge Ousaio tkk`jckrs.3< ]lk rkdk`t @kw Ykjr jttjdfs

i` Ouìdl j`m tlk rjpk akvkas i` Twkmk` jasg liclaiclt tlksk sgdija j`m

duaturja prgbakos.

Drjòkr stjtks tljt jaa tlk ok` i`vgavkm, wlg wkrk kvk`tujaay dg`vidtkm,

wkrk Ousaios. ]lis akm lio tg qukstig`>

‑ Sly is tlk issuk ge cj`c-rjpk dgooittkm by ygu`c ok` imk`tieikmjs bkag`ci`c tg j pjrtiduajr oi`grity bjdfcrgu`m dg`sistk`tay

supprksskm7 Jrk tlkrk rkpgrti`c rkstridtig`s7 Ièri`ckok`t ge tlkirluoj` riclts7 J dg`spirjdy ge siak`dk7‟

]lk oji`strkjo dk`sgrslip i` Kurgpk rkcjrmi`c tlk crgwi`c ùobkr ge

cj`c-rjpks jcji`st ekojaks by ajrckay Ousaio ok` j`m crggoi`c cj`cs is

itskae prgbakojtid. Ge dgursk, `gt jaa Ousaio ok` jrk rjpists, `gr is

jaik`jtig` (kitlkr ergo tlkir ejitl gr ergo sgdikty) j nustieidjtig` tg tricckr

sudl j rkspg`sk, but dakjray ejiaurk tg jmmrkss tlk prgbakos I ljvk brikeay

jmmrksskm is mkkpay trgubai`c wlk` it is dakjray j wimksprkjm j`m

i`drkjsi`cay prkssi`c sgdija prgbako.

J`y rkegro ge sudl bkljvigur rkquirks j eu`mjok`tja sliet i` tlk prjdtisks

j`m vjauks tljt ojfk up gur sgdikty, js oudl js j rkegro ge tlk drioi`ja

3< Tkk lkrk.

http://www.archbishop-cranmer.blogspot.co.uk/





:8;

vjauks oj`y rkeuckks j`m `kw iooicrj`ts ljvk dgok tg jddkpt js bki`c

jddkptjbak, gr kvk` pgssibak, bkdjusk ge j wkjf, gvkray pkroissivk j`m

tgakrj`t wkstkr` systko. ]g iopakok`t j rkokmy is mieeiduat. It wguam

rkquirk j` jmoissig` tljt tlk ouatiduaturja ogmka ljs uttkray ejiakm j`m

ajdfi`c tlk rki`stjtkok`t ge ogrk skvkrk puìslok`ts (bgtl djpitja j`m

dgrpgrja) ajrck ei`j`dija i`vkstok`t i` tlk prisg` systko, tg drkjtk j ogrk

keeidik`t systko ge rkegro. J` kxpk`sivk prgcrjook ge kmudjtig` tg

i`mudk j dlj`ck ge bkljvigur wguam bk `kkmkm i` tryi`c kdg`goid tioks.

]lk prksk`t rkjaity, lgwkvkr, is tljt misjeekdtkm Ousaios jrk i` ejdt bki`c

rjmidjaiskm i` prisg` j`m `gt siopay rkegrokm gr kvk` keekdtivkaypuìslkm. Gtlkrs djaa egr djpitja puìslok`t tg bk rki`stjtkm. Ykt tlis

sgautig` itskae gày tk`ms tg sk`m gut tlk okssjck ge wjr> Ousaios wlg

nustiey tlkir djaa egr rjmidjaiso getk` nustiey tlkir djusk witl tlk dajio tlky

jrk pkrskdutkm vidtios j`m ojrtyrs egr tlk djusk.

Listgridjaay j`m mgdtri`jaay Isajo ljs ajrckay prgpjcjtkm j`m nustieikm tlk

prjdtisk ge subnucjtig` (ge bgtl bkaikvkrs j`m `g`-bkaikvkrs) by jppkjai`c

tg tlk suprkojdy ge its bkaikes. Sliast oj`y `goi`ja Ousaios ojy `gt

imk`tiey witl sudl i`trjdtjbak mgcoj, tlky mg `gt `kdkssjriay ekka euaay

jssioiajtkm i`tg tlkir `g`-Isajoid lgst sgdikty kitlkr. Ajdfi`c tlk ktlidja

j`m sgdija vjauks egu`m i` `jtig`ja imk`tieidjtig` dj` getk` i`drkjsk tlk

aifkailggm ge drioi`ja bkljvigur i` tur`. Xgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss skkfs tg

prkvk`t tlis witl j` i`dausivk ktlgs. Ykt pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss eurtlkrprgvimks j misprgpgrtig`jtk prgtkdtig` egr tlko js j oi`grity tg krr j`m

trj`scrkss witlgut euaa puìslok`t. It jasg k`ck`mkrs eurtlkr nustieidjtig`

tg ièaidt jcji`, egr ajdfi`c kvk` tlk ogrja eibrk tg spkjf gut, gr puìsl

jpprgprijtkay. Rkdimiviso is rjopj`t. I` tlis tgg, j`y mksirk tg kègrdk

strg`ckr vjauks js j rkjdtig`, i` j` jttkopt tg jppkjr strg`c j`m

pri`dipakm, is i`drkjsi`cay vikwkm witl dg`tkopt j`m suspidig`. It



:85

i`drkjsi`cay strk`ctlk`s tlk vidtiolggm ok`tjaity, eurtlkri`c drioi`jaity

j`m j`ckr js j rkspg`sk.

Jmmrkssi`c tlk rkdk`t skx drioks i` Britji`, i` bgtl ]kaegrm, Rgtlkrljo

j`m gtlkr agdja dgoouìtiks, wliast aibkrjas, prgcrkssivks j`m ekoiìsts

oiclt dajio skx drioks slguam `gt bk siopay imk`tieikm js j ‑Ousaio‟

prgbako, j` Isajoid prgbako, gr kvk` j Oimmak Kjstkr` duaturja prgbako,

but j ojak prgbako ogrk ck`krjaay, wljt is dakjr is tljt tlk Isajoid wgram,

tg spkjf pajiày, is stkkpkm i` j oisgcy`y tljt is ajrckay ajdfi`c jog`cst

`g`-Ousaio wkstkr` ojaks. Isajo lgwkvkr ljs eurtlkrogrk prgpjcjtkm

j`m prkskrvkm sudl oisgcy`y. ]lis is `gt siopay tlk ejuat ge sljrij

prjdtisk gr ekojak dirduodisig` js j duaturja prjdtidk. Isajo ljs ièauk`dkm

Oimmak Kjstkr` j`m Jeridj` duaturks jddgrmi`cay, bjskm g` tlk rkjmi`c ge

dkrtji` surjs.

]lk Zur’j`, egr kxjopak, kxpaiditay stjtks tljt j wgoj` is wgrtl gày ljae

j oj` (2> 22<, 2> 2<2, =>::), tljt wgok` jrk u`dakj` (;>5), j`m tljt j oj`

dj` ljvk skx witl lis wiek wlk`kvkr lk wj`ts (2=>4:). ]lk Zur’j` kvk`

sjys tljt ok` jrk jaagwkm tg ljvk skx sajvks (=>2=), j`m tljt tlky ljvk tlk

riclt tg rjpk wgok` wlgo tlky ljvk djpturkm (2=>4:). ]lk Ljmitl,

dgèiro tljt wgok` jrk skx gbnkdts, tljt tlky jrk ièkrigr bki`cs aifk mgcs

j`m mg`fkys, j`m tljt tlkrk is `gtli`c wrg`c witl skxuja sajvkry j`m

rjpi`c ekojak prisg`krs.39

39 ]jljrrusl gddurs i` Isajoid dgu`triks. Sgok` jrk erkquk`tay surrgu`mkm by ok`j`m pubaiday jbuskm. ]lk Kcyptij` wkbsitk Njmjaiyyj pgi`ts gut tljt it jasg ljppk`s tg

vkiakm wgok`. Sgok` jrk vidtios tlk`, siopay bkdjusk tlky jrk wgok`, j`m `gt bkdjusk tlky ljvk prgvgfkm tlk ok` by tlkir dg`mudt gr "prgvgdjtivk" dagtli`c, jsCkroj` aibkrja pgaitidij`s oiclt wj`t tg succkst tg mkek`m tlkir ejiakm iooicrjtig`pgaidiks. It dj` ljppk` i` tlk strkkts, pubaid trj`spgrt, supkrojrfkts, gr muri`c prgtkstmkog`strjtig`s. ]lk rkdk`t Dgagc`k jssjuats (`gw rkpgrtkm jasg jdrgss Kurgpk) g`Njùjry :st 28:5 ljvk bkk` eurtlkr prgge ge tlis. I` j`y djsk egr Kurgpkj` wgok` tgtlk` ogmiey tlkir bkljvigur, gr tg `gt mrkss js tlky wisl, is gày dg`dkmi`c eurtlkr tgIsajo’s pri`dipaks j`m jdquiksdi`c tg duaturja subnucjtig`.



:83

Rjmidja Isajo tlrkjtk` ogmkrjtk pkrspkdtivks

Lgw sljaa wk jmmrkss tlk prgbako j`m ièauk`dk ge rjmidja Isajo, j`m its

pkrvjmi`c ièauk`dk upg` sg djaakm ‑oji`strkjo Isajo‟7 Lgw is

rjmidjaiso, kxtrkoiso, i`tgakrj`dk j`m oisgcy`y tg bk purckm, wlk` it

jppkjrs tg bk i`tkrtwi`km witli` it, j`m is sudl j pjrt ge its ktlgs j`m

prjdtisk7

Dakjray dgobjtti`c tkrrgriso is j` g`-cgi`c dg`dkr` j`m akssg`s j`m

ioprgvkok`ts i` strjtkcy (oiaitjry j`m psydlgagcidja) jrk dg`stj`tay

kvgavi`c. ]lis wiaa prgvk vitja i` tlk wjr jcji`st oiaitj`t Isajo. But tlkrk

jrk prkssi`c prgbakos j`m tlrkjts jasg jt lgok> duaturja j`m sgdija issuks

tljt `kkm tg bk jmmrksskm, js wkaa js j` urck`t prgdkss ge rkegro rkquirkm

witli` tlk rkaicig` itskae. ]lis wiaa k`tjia ojngr pgaitidja, sgdija, duaturja,

js wkaa js tlkgagcidja okjsurks. Jaa tlksk issuks `kkm tg bk jmmrksskm j`m

sgavkm ie wjr is tg bk jvgimkm. I` tlis `gt gày is wkstkr` sgdikty j`m its

ditizk`s i` mj`ckr. Ogmkrjtk Isajo tgg is i` mj`ckr. Bgtl ejdk tlk mj`ckr

ge tlk Isajoisjtig` ge wkstkr` diviaisjtig` by j` i`drkjsi`cay ogrk

i`tgakrj`t j`m eu`mjok`tjaiskm strji`. Ogrk ck`krjaay, strg`ckr

strjtkciks jrk `kdkssjry tg jmmrkss tlk mj`ckrs jt lgok, bgtl i` tkros ge

skdurity j`m duaturja i`tkcrjtig`, js tlksk prgbakos jrk ejdiaitjti`c

rkdruits j`m jdtivists egr tlk tkrrgrists’ djusk jbrgjm.

J fky issuk is tljt Isajo ajrckay rknkdts tlk riclt tg rkspkdt i`mivimuja

pkrspkdtivks ge ogrjaity tljt mieekr ergo its gw`. It getk` i`sists tljt riclt

j`m wrg`c jrk mktkroi`km by tlk rkaicigus akjmkrs ge tlk uoojl. I` keekdt,

tlk jmlkrk`ts ge tgtjaitjrij` imkgagciks tur` tlkoskavks i`tg cgms tg ruak

j`m slrgum tlkoskavks i` pikty tg nustiey tlkir gw` pgwkr j`m pkrpktujtk

gpprkssig`. ]lky dakjvk tg pikty i` tlis, wliast tlky nustiey puìslok`t j`m

sajucltkr i` tlk `jok ge rkaicig`. Ykt tlkir rkja jttitumk is mispajykm i`



:8<

tlkir jbsgautk i`tgakrj`dk ge gtlkr ejitls j`m its egaagwkrs, j`m kvk` i`

rkcjrm tg gtlkr Ousaios tlkoskavks.

J`y kxtrkoist imkgagcy tljt dajios ièjaaibiaity j`m prgoisks tg drkjtk

lkjvk` g` kjrtl by mkek`mi`c j mivi`kay sj`dtig`km ‑pkjdk‟ j`m ‑erkkmgo‟

ergo j pkrdkivkm gpprkssgr, js Isajo mgdtri`jaay mgks, `kkms g`k tg jsf

tlk qukstig`> wljt mg tlky i`tk`m tg jdlikvk witl sudl erkkmgo g`dk tlky

ljvk jdlikvkm tgtja subnucjtig` j`m qujslkm jaa missk`t7 Jrk wk tg bk

ejdkm witl j Litakrij` ‑Ei`ja Tgautig`‟ egr tlk `g`-bkaikvkrs, gr j Ttjaiìst

‑Crkjt Xurck‟ tg jdlikvk tlk uatiojtk pkjdk7 I` tlis, it is kdkssjry tg geekr

j mkkpkr dritiquk ge Isajoid imkgagcy, erkk ergo tlk rkstridtig`s ge pgaitidja

dgrrkdt`kss j`m tlk ekjr ge viaieidjtig` by jrtiduajti`c akcitiojtk dg`dkr`s.

]lk Skst `kkms tg rk-kopljsizk its diviaiskm vjauks

Muri`c tlk Dgam Sjr tlk Skst ejiakm tg dljaak`ck sueeidik`tay tlk dajios ge

Dgoouìso i` tlk i`tkrksts ge rkspkdti`c pkjdk. ]lis wjs dg`skquk`tay

tjfk` by tlk Dgoouìsts tg okj` tlk Skst mim `gt bkaikvk i` j`ytli`c

j`m wjs wkjf j`m susdkptibak tg mgoi`jtig`. ]lis bkaike tgg is crgwi`c

witli` tlk Isajoid oi`mskt. I` tlis it is iopgrtj`t tg dgèrg`t tlk

prgbakos lkjm g`. It is `kdkssjry tg egdus g` tlk duaturja prgbakos jt

lgok i` tlis rkspkdt i` j` lg`kst ejslig`, irrkspkdtivk ge wlktlkr tlky jrk

mkkokm ‑pgaitidjaay i`dgrrkdt‟ gr gt. ]lk situjtig` slguam bk vikwkm js j`kokrck`dy wjr situjtig` witl bgtl dgam j`m lgt wjr kakok`ts i` rkspkdt

tg wljt Isajo is j`m lgw it is bki`c i`tkrprktkm, eu`mjok`tjaay rkjeeirokm

j`m sprkjm.

I`stkjm ge okrkay liclaiclti`c j wkstkr` `gtig` ge ogrja rkajtiviso i`

pgaitidja spkkdlks j`m okrkay geekri`c j rktrgjdtivk rkspg`sk tg jdts ge

tkrrgr rktrgjdtivkay, wk `kkm tg suppakok`t pgaitidja dg`mko`jtig` witl



:89

ogrk prgjdtivk strjtkciks. I` rkspkdt tg tlk slieti`c sk`sibiaitiks jt lgok,

wk `kkm j crkjtkr kopljsis g` gur `jtig`ja j`m divid vjauks. J

rkjeeirojtig` ge tlk diviaiskm vjauks tljt ojmk us bkaikvk wk wkrk crkjt,

virtugus j`m pliaj`tlrgpid, tg lkap egstkr j crkjtkr sk`sk ge pjtrigtid primk

i` tlk Ousaio dgoouìtiks js wkaa. ]lk vjauks ge tlk Jokridj`

Dg`stitutig` egr kxjopak j`m tlk pri`dipaks tljt ojmk tlk wkstkr`

trjmitig` truay crkjt. I jo tli`fi`c ogrk ck`krjaay lkrk `gt ge iopkrija

listgry gr oiaitjry dg`qukst, but j` jttkopt jt rkjeeiroi`c tlk virtuks ge

dajssidja aibkrjaiso> tlk virtugus pri`dipaks ge i`mivimujaiso js gppgskm tg

dgaakdtiviso j`m stjtiso, j` kopljsis g` tlk `kkm egr sojaa cgvkròk`tjs gppgskm tg tgtjaitjrij` ruak j`m tlk iopgrtj`dk ge oji`tjiì`c tlk divid

riclts j`m virtuks ge aibkrty jbgvk jaa kask i` j mkogdrjtid `jtig` stjtk.

Tudl vjauks jrk `gtjbay ajdfi`c jdrgss tlk k`tirk spkdtruo ge wljt

dg`stitutks Isajo, witl its kopljsis g` tgtjaitjrij` tlkgdrjdy. Skstkr`

vjauks `kkm tg bk i`duadjtkm js dgoouìty prjdtidk. Jt lgok, tlis slguam

bkci` ergo witli` tlk ogsquks, js tlk ogst rkdgcìsjbak dk`trk sljpi`c

Ousaio bkaikvkr’s aivks j`m nustieikm js bki`c dgook`surjtk witl wljt

ogmkrjtk rkaicigus bkaike j`m prjdtidk i` tlk dgoouìty k`tjias. ]lis is

wlkrk rjmidjaiso `kkms tg bk rggtkm gut j`m pgtk`tija dg`vkrts tg tlk

djusk rkkmudjtkm js tg tlk wgrtl ge wkstkr` vjauks.

Kmudjtivk rkegro dj``gt, lgwkvkr, siopay bk iopakok`tkm witl

cgvkròk`t tlrkjts tg dagsk mgw` ogsquks, js ]lkrksj Ojy tlk [F LgokTkdrktjry jmvgdjtkm i` Jpria 28:;, bkegrk prgoptay ojfi`c j [ tur`. ]lk

dgvkrt tlrkjt wiaa tlk` gày bkdgok akss kjsy tg imk`tiey j`m keekdtivkay cg

u`mkrcrgu`m. G` tlk dg`trjry, ogsquks `kkm tg bk ojmk ogrk

trj`spjrk`t j`m pubaiday j`m pgaitidjaay jddgu`tjbak j`m i`tkcrjtkm. Jaa

tlis `kkms tg bk egaagwkm tlrgucl witl systkojtid ogìtgri`c tg wkkm gut

ièiatrjtkm rjmidjas.



::8

Jag`c witl systkojtid ogìtgri`c, tlk cgvkròk`t oust stgp buiami`c j`y

eurtlkr ogsquks gr pkroitti`c dlurdlks j`m gtlkr buiami`cs tg bk

dg`vkrtkm i`tg ogsquks. ]lis wiaa k`surk tljt survkiaaj`dk dj` bk djrrikm

gut keeidik`tay. I` Britji` jag`k, by 2883, sgok :;88 ogsquks ljm bkk`

buiat. I` j dgu`try tljt prgekssks itskae tg bk eu`mjok`tjaay Dlristij` tlis

is u`jddkptjbak. [`tia tlk tlrkjt ljs bkk` prgpkray jssksskm, j`m tlk

kxtk`t tg wlidl ogsquks jrk bki`c uskm tg prgpjcjtk eu`mjok`tjaiso j`m

kvk` prgtkdt tkrrgrist dkaas euaay f`gw`, j tgtja bj` g` eurtlkr dg`strudtig`

oust bk iopakok`tkm.

Cgvkròk`t oust mktkroi`k tg wljt kxtk`t kxisti`c ogsquks jrk ljvk`s

egr rjmidja jdtivity. ]lis wiaa rkquirk dg`stj`t survkiaaj`dk j`m dguam bk

u`mkrtjfk` by u`mkrdgvkr jck`ts i` tlk oj``kr tlk DIM uskm tg dgobjt

oiaitj`t Dgoouìso i` tlk [F muri`c tlk :938s.<8 J`ytli`c gvkrt ru`s

tlk risf ge bki`c dgu`tkrprgmudtivk. Dljrcks ge ‑ejsdist‟ tjdtids wguam

sgg` bk rjiskm j`m wguam i` j`y djsk gày euka divia tk`sig`s bktwkk`

Ousaios j`m `g`-Ousaios jaifk. Imkjaay, wkstkrìskm prgpkray vkttkm

Ousaios `kkm tg ckt i`vgavkm jt tlk crjssrggts akvka. ]lky `kkm tg bkdgok

i`vgavkm i` cgvkròk`t tjsf egrdks i` grmkr tg prgvimk j` keekdtivk pgaidk

j`m misdrkkt survkiaaj`dk egrdk. Dgrrkdt vktti`c, wliast prgbakojtid, wguam

ljvk tg bk i`tk`sk egr tlis strjtkcy tg bk keekdtivk j`m tg imk`tiey pgtk`tija

;tl dgauo` ièiatrjtgrs i` tlk tjsfegrdk.

J`gtlkr egro ge ogìtgri`c tgg ljs tg gddur vij tlk i`tkr`kt, wlidl is

bki`c uskm js j okj`s ge rkdruitok`t jog`cst tlgsk Ousaios wlg ojy

`gt kdkssjriay bk ogsquk-dk`trkm ‑bkaikvkrs‟ j`m wlg ekka dut jmriet ergo

j`y `jtig`ja gr ogrk ck`krjaay wkstkr` duaturja imk`tity. Oj`y jrk

rkdruitkm by rjmidja niljmists gvkr tlk i`tkr`kt. Sliast tlgsk wlg jrk

<8 Tkk tlk egaagwi`c mgduok`tjry egr mktjias ge its iopakok`tjtig`.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2jcRSPulc0






:::

dritidja ge j survkiaaj`dk duaturk ojy dgopaji`, strg`ckr sdruti`y ge k

ojias, ogbiak okssjci`c j`m wkb surei`c is `kdkssjry tg sjvk aivks.

J eurtlkr strjtkcy is oudl ogrk ag`c tkro. It rkquirks j eu`mjok`tja rk-

kmudjtig` ge bkaikvkrs tlkoskavks j`m tlk prgpjcjtig` ge j `kw

pkrspkdtivk. It rkquirks j `kw sdlgga ge tlguclt dg`dkrì`c Isajo itskae. It

rkquirks j quj`tuo akjp by Isajoid bkaikvkrs j`m j dakjrkr u`mkrstj`mi`c

tljt its ‑pgaitidja-rkaicigus‟ rjmidjaiso is mj`ckrgus j`m is js mkstrudtivk

js j`y rkvgautig`jry pgaitidja imkgagcy dajssidjaay mkei`km, bgtl tg itskae

j`m tg wkstkr` diviaisjtig`. I` tlis, tlk wlgak `gtig` ge niljm j`m sljrij

`kkm tg u`mkrcg rkegro tg bri`c tlk imkjs ogrk i`tg jaicòk`t witl tlk

Skst. Niljm `kkms tg bk kopljsiskm js j spirituja mkvkagpok`t (js tlk

Jlojmmiyj ljvk misti`cuislkm) purckm ge its oiaitjry/tkrrgristid pgaitidja

dg`tkxt, j`m sljrij `kkms tg bk mkogdrjtiskm j`m luojìskm i` ai`k witl

ogrk jddkptjbak stj`mjrms ge wljt dg`stitutks luoj` riclts. ]lis prgdkss

wiaa tjfk j crkjt mkja ge tiok tg iopakok`t, ie it dj` bk suddksseuaay

iopakok`tkm jt jaa.

]lk iopgrtj`dk ge strk`ctl

Ioprgvkm mkek`dk strjtkciks ljvk jarkjmy bkk` jmmrksskm i` tlk [T vij

tlk Mkpjrtok`t ge Lgokaj`m Tkdurity, j` iìtijtivk skt up i` 2884 i`

rkspg`sk priojriay tg tlk kvk`ts ge 9/::6 j` iìtijtivk stiaa skvkrkay

u`mkrmkvkagpkm i` tlk [F, i` spitk ge tlk wjrì`cs j`m kvk`ts ge 3/3. But

j duaturja ièiatrjtig` jasg `kkms tg bk rkdgcìskm j`m jmmrksskm. It is

eagurisli`c muk tg tlk mgokstid prgbakos pgskm by tlk ouatiduaturja

ogmka. J dg`tiùgus psydlgagcidja wjr is bki`c wjckm upg` tlk oi`ms ge

vua`krjbak ygutls, witl j crgwi`c ùobkr ge ogsquks dgvkrtayljrbguri`c tlk skkms ge rjmidjaiso j`m kmudjtig`ja ojtkrijas egr



::2

brji`wjsli`c tlko vij jck`t prgvgdjtkurs. Gutsimk ge tlk ogsquk,

lgwkvkr, tlk strjtkcy ge i`tkr`kt i`mgdtri`jtig` tgg is prgaiekrjti`c. ]lk

crgwi`c ùobkrs ge ygutls eagdfi`c tg tlk djusk egr ITIT ergo jaa gvkr tlk

Skstkr` wgram is prgge k`gucl ge tljt.

Isajoid rjmidjas, aifk tlk Dgoouìsts, prgoisk tlkir jmlkrk`ts j`

i`kvitjbak vidtgry, j`m j cagrigus pgst-rkvgautig`jry utgpij. It is j` imkja

egr tlk Dgoouìsts tljt ljs `kvkr bkk` rkjaiskm, but aifk tlk

Dgoouìsts, Isajoid rjmidjas skkf tg jdlikvk tlis i` j oiaitjry j`m

duaturja wjr, wjckm bgtl g` egrkic` j`m lgok sgia. ]lkir dgèimk`dk ljs

`gt bkk` sljfk` by j`y Jokridj` prksk`dk i` Irjq, js tlk sprkjm ge tlk

tkrrgrist prksk`dk jrgu`m tlk wgram ljs gày mivkrsieikm.

I` tlis duaturja wjr, tlk misti`dtig` bktwkk` Ljojs, ]jaibj`, ja-Zjkmj,

Lizb’ut-]jlrir, gr ITIT `kkms tg bk u`mkrstggm js ajrckay irrkakvj`t. ]lky

jaa sljrk tlk sjok eu`mjok`tjaist iopkrjtivk i` j`y djsk, js ej`jtidja,

rjmidja Ousaios, tlky skkf tg iopakok`t j cagbja djaipljtk j`m pgaitidja

tgtjaitjrijìso. ]lkir dgoog` cgja tlk` is tlk iopakok`tjtig` ge tlk

suprkojdy ge Isajo j`m tlk sljrij js j wgramwimk k`tkrprisk. ]lky jrk

ajrckay uìtkm i` tlis jio vij tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm `ktwgrf j`m tlk

ogrk uìvkrsja ejitl tjc ge tkroi`c tlkoskavks bkaikvkrs ge Isajo.

I` tlis, j` iopgrtj`t pjrt ge wi`ì`c tlk duaturja wjr rkquirks j dakjrkr

u`mkrstj`mi`c ge tlk `jturk ge wljt oji`strkjo Isajo is, j`m tlk wjy it

is bki`c ièauk`dkm by rjmidjaiso. It rkquirks j bkttkr u`mkrstj`mi`c ge

tlk mj`ckrs i` imkgagcidja tkros, tg ioprgvk gur wkstkr` u`mkrstj`mi`c

j`m prgtkdt it, gr jt akjst kxpgsk kxtrkoist kakok`ts, by jimi`c its rkegro.

Ioprgvkm u`mkrstj`mi`c j`m survkiaaj`dk jssists oiaitjry strjtkcy i`

rkjmi`kss egr tlk aifkailggm ge j`y euturk dggrmi`jtkm rkspg`sk tg jdts ge

euturk tkrrgriso. Jt prksk`t, sudl get prgdajiokm ‑rj`mgo‟ jdts ge

tkrrgriso tgg kjsiay misoiss tlk ièauk`dk ge i`drkjsi`cay grcjìskm



::4

tkrrgrist bgmiks jarkjmy jdti`c dglksivkay tlkoskavks. It jasg ajrckay

u`mkrkstiojtks lgw tlkir vjauks dj` bk sprkjm ogrk wimkay u`mkr tlk

rubrid ge bki`c ‑Isajoid bkaikvkrs‟ j`m tlkrkegrk ‑brgtlkrs‟ j`m ‑sistkrs‟

tg tlk djusk i` j ogrk wimksprkjm sk`sk.

Mkogcrjplids> j Ousaio tiok bgob

Euturk sdk`jrigs dj` gày bk rkjsg`jbay cuksskm jt. But tlk ogst aifk

sdk`jrig is tljt tlk durrk`t mkogcrjplid prgcrkssig`, uàkss stkookm,

wiaa tricckr duaturja j`m sgdig-pgaitidja dlj`ck jdrgss Kurgpk j`m @grtl

Jokridj. ]lk iopjdt ge tlksk dlj`cks wiaa eirst bk ekat i` Kurgpk, wlkrk

oj`y dgu`triks ljvk agw birtl rjtks j`m j` jcki`c pgpuajtig`. Dgobi`km

witl i`drkjsi`c ùobkrs ge Ousaio iooicrj`ts, ajrckay ergo Tyrij, tlk

Oimmak Kjst, Jsij j`m Jeridj, jag`c witl tlkir liclkr ekrtiaity rjtks, tlk

Skst ojy ejdk j duaturja rkvgautig` gvkr tlk `kxt tlrkk tg egurck`krjtig`s.

]lgucl Kurgpk is ljrmay ioou`k tg Isajoist vigak`dk, tlk euturk prgspkdt

ge j` Isajoid dg`qukst tlrgucl mkogcrjplid rkpajdkok`t slguam `gt bk

misoisskm by cgvkròk`ts, wlg jrk i`drkjsi`cay agsi`c dg`trga ge tlkir

bgrmkrs, j`m jrk i` j`y djsk getk` ejdiaitjti`c j`m kvk` wkadgoi`c tlkir

jrrivja. Kurgpkj` rkcioks, kvk` tlgsk g`dk dritidja ge [.T. pgaidy i` Irjq,

jrk `gw dggpkrjti`c i` vjrigus wjys i` tlk cagbja struccak jcji`st Isajoist

kxtrkoiso js j` kxtkrigr tlrkjt. But tljt struccak is pkriplkrja tg tlk

ejiaurk ge Kurgpkj` cgvkròk`ts tg dgok tg crips witl tlk crgwi`c

pkrdk`tjck ge Ousaio rjmidjas ièiatrjti`c durrk`tay (28:5) vij tlk rkdk`t

wjvks ge iooicrjtig` ergo tlk Oimmak Kjst j`m Jeridj. ]lk prgbako is

eurtlkr kxjdkrbjtkm by tlk gpk` bgrmkrs, erkk ogvkok`t ktlid, k`slri`kmi` tlk ]rkjty ge Rgok j`m k`jdtkm tlrgucl Tdlk`ck`. J trkjty tljt wjs



::=

writtk` i` tlk :9;8s, but wlidl ljs `g rkakvj`dk tg ogmkr` mjy skdurity

`kkms.

]lk birtl rjtk ge tlk i`mick`gus pkgpaks ge tlk Kurgpkj` [ìg` dgu`triks

is `gw wkaa bkagw tlk rkpajdkok`t akvka ge 2.: dliamrk` pkr wgoj`.

Sitlgut iooicrjtig`, tlk K[’s pgpuajtig` dguam mrgp by :88 oiaaig` by

283;. I` jmmitig` tg mkdaiì`c ùobkrs, tlk K[ pgpuajtig` is jci`c, wlidl

okj`s tljt ekwkr j`m ekwkr wgrfkrs suppgrt Kurgpkj` rktirkok`t j`m

wkaejrk systkos. Js j rksuat, K[ cgvkròk`ts j`m dgrpgrjtig`s ljvk j`

k`grogus ei`j`dija i`dk`tivk tg buiam up tlkir wgrf egrdks by tjfi`c i`

kvkr ogrk iooicrj`ts.

I` tlis sdk`jrig, dakjray pgpuajtig` ùobkrs wiaa `gt mrgp, but tlk

mkogcrjplid wiaa dlj`ck tg j priojriay Jerg Jsij` Ousaio pgpuajdk.

Lk`dk tlk `jtig`s ge Kurgpk wiaa `gt siopay bk ‑ktlìdiskm‟ but

i`drkjsi`cay ‑Ousaioiskm‟ js tlky bri`c tlkir rkaicigus, duaturja j`m

numidija vjauks witl tlko. ]lk sgautig` is j pjrjmgx lgwkvkr, egr tlk Gam

Kurgpk (i` tlk sk`sk ge its trjmitig`ja wkstkr` duaturks, rkaicigus j`m

wkaejrk vjauks) dj``gt survivk i` tlis mkvkagpi`c sdk`jrig.

Sliast tlk dgrpgrjtig`s skkf tg sjekcujrm prgeit ojrci`s j`m tlk

pgaitidij`s dg`dkr` tlkoskavks witl stjtk buiami`c j`m j` i`drkjsi`cay

dk`trjaiskm suprj`jtig`ja ogmka ge cgvkròk`t, it is dakjr tljt agst i` tlkkqujtig` is j dg`dkr` egr prkskrvi`c duaturk gr `jtig`jaity i` tlk

trjmitig`ja sk`sk. Og`ky oust stiaa bk ojmk, j`m pgwkreua pgaitidja

pgsitig`s egr tlgsk jarkjmy i` pgwkr dj` gày bk cujrj`tkkm j`m

pkrpktujtkm witl ogrk stjtk buiami`c. Iooicrj`t ièaux is, tlkrkegrk,

nustieikm js j `kdkssity egr tlk `kw dgrpgrjtk akm kopirk ge Kurgpk. J

Kurgpk tljt tlrgucl i`drkjskm iooicrjtig` tlky lgpk wiaa prgvimk j

dlkjp ajbgur egrdk i` tlk euturk, j`m sjekcujrm wkaejrk j`m lkjatl



::;

prgcrjooks tgg. Lgwkvkr, bksimks tlk sgdija prgbakos i` kmudjti`c j`m

djri`c egr tlk `kw ièaux, j`m i`stiaai`c witli` tlko tlk `kdkssjry wgrf

ktlid, tlky jasg u`mkrkstiojtk tlk eu`mjok`tja dgèaidt ge imkgagcy tlky

djrry witl tlko. @kitlkr is it bki`c slgw` tljt witl tlk `kdkssjry

‑kmudjtig`‟ okjsurks tlis dj` bk ogmieikm> js skdg`m-ck`krjtig`

Ousaios ajrckay ljvk j` i`drkjsi`c tk`mk`dy tg kxtrkoiso, kvk` ogrk sg

tlj` tlkir ogrk ogmkrjtk pjrk`ts. Imk`tity dgèusig` ge tlk skdg`m-

ck`krjtig` ygutl rjiskm i` Ousaio ejoiaiks (kvk` witl rkaicigus vjauks, gr

kvk` bkdjusk ge tlko) getk` tk`ms tg j sk`sk ge jaik`jtig` i` tlk wkstkr`

sgdikty it is tg bk `gtkm. Jaa tlksk ejdtgrs i`vitk j mkeiìtk dajsl gediviaisjtig`s.

]lk djaa by sgok sudl js Okajìk Xliaaips (jutlgr ge ‑Ag`mgìstj`‟) is j

`kkm egr mkkpkr jssioiajtig`. ]lis k`tjias j` ‑kègrdkm jssioiajtig`‟,

wlkrk tlk Ousaio iooicrj`t pgpuajtig` oust bk rkquirkm tg egaagw j`m

jddkpt tlk vjauks j`m numidija prjdtidks j`m dustgos ge tlk lgst `jtig`.

Sliast tlis djaa is ajumjbak j`m pjtrigtid, oudl dj` bk akjr`t ergo tlk

oistjfks ge listgry j`m ergo tlk Nkws j`m tlkir ‑kègrdkm jssioiajtig`‟

i`tg Russij` sgdikty by tlk ]sjr i` grmkr tg oj`jck j` ‑jaik`‟ duaturk j`m

rjdk i` tlk :9tl j`m kjray 28tl dk`turiks. ]lksk okjsurks wkrk j` jttkopt

tg sgavk tlk prgbako ge Nkwisl ùobkrs i` tlk Xjak ge Tkttakok`t, nust

bkegrk tlk Russij` Rkvgautig`. It is jarkjmy tgg ajtk tg kègrdk j`y sudl

okjsurks jetkr tlk ejdt ergo gur prksk`t pgsitig` lgwkvkr, nust js it wjs

tlk`, j`m j`ytli`c akss tlj` j crjmuja jssioiajtig` j`m j ck`krjtig`ja

dlj`ck oust gddur, akst divia dgèaidt j`m wjr bk i`vitkm. ]lis sjmay jasg

rjtlkr i`vitks, gr oji`tji`s, j pjssivk jpprgjdl. It oji`tji`s tlk wkjf

rkspg`sk tljt wkstkr` diviaisjtig` witl its aibkrja vjauks j`m ouatiduaturja

tgakrj`dk is durrk`tay sg agjtlkm tg mkja witl. ]lk euturk sdk`jrig wlidl



::5

kvkr strjtkcy is jmgptkm aggfs akss tlj` prgoisi`c tg tlk ogrk iookmijtk

dg`dkr` ge sjvi`c aivks.

]lk qukstig` jasg `kkms tg bk jsfkm js tg wljt tlk `jturk ge tlis dlj`ck wiaa k`tjia7 Siaa it bk tgwjrms j Kurgpkjìskm Isajo, gr tg j` Isajoiskm

Kurgpk7 Ie it is tg bk tlk egrokr, js gur pgaitidij`s brgjmay jppkjr tg

bkaikvk, gr lgpk, it is g`k bjskm g` j wi`c j`m j prjykr. It wiaa dkrtjiày

`gt gddur `jturjaay witlgut sgok fi`m ge duaturja dgèaidt, ie tlk ùobkrs

dg`tiùk tg i`drkjsk jt tlk prksk`t rjtk j`m tlk prgbakos ge rkegro rkoji`

u`jmmrksskm. @gr wiaa it bk sjtisejdtgriay jmmrksskm wlk` Isajo jppkjrs

g` j pjtl tg kobrjdi`c ogrk eu`mjok`tjaiso j`m grtlgmgxy js j `kw

`gro ge wljt it is. It is j ogmka tgg tljt pjys sdj`t jttk`tig` tg tlk

i`trj`sick`t jspkdt ge j Ousaio oi`mskt kitlkr, strk`ctlk`km by j

trjmitig` ge pgaitidja j`m rkaicigus vjauks eu`mjok`tjaay jt gmms witl

wkstkr` vjauks, jt akjst js tlky jrk prksk`tay purvkykm. ]g rkpkjt tlk

pgi`t, tlk sdliso skts up j dajsl bktwkk` Isajo j`m tlk Skst> bktwkk`

jbsgautk Isajoid pri`dipaks j`m ajws, bjskm g` j` jutlgritjrij` mivi`k

bkaike systko stkkpkm i` dk`turiks ge trjmitig` j`m sustji`km by j strg`c

rkaicigus ejitl. ]lis is j qukstig` ge Isajo vkrsus wkstkr` vjauks, wlidl is

`gw stkkpkm i` tlk eakxibak, sg djaakm ‑prgcrkssivk‟ j`m aibkrja pjrjmico

ge j ogrja rkajtiviso tljt skkfs kqujaity j`m tgakrj`dk ge ktlìd oi`gritiks

jt j`y dgst. Skadgoi`c tlis prgcrkssig` jt j`y rjtk i`drkjsi`cay okj`s

`jtig`s kobrjdi`c skduajriso. ]lis is j tk`mk`dy kobrjdkm j`ywjy i` tlk

ogmkr` mjy js tlk Skst kobrjdks ogrk luojìstid vjauks i` tlk `kw jck

ge sdik`dk tljt gày kxjdkrbjtks tlk agss its Numkg-Dlristij` imk`tity. It

tlus rkogvks j`gtlkr paj`f ergo tlk egu`mjtig`ja vjauks g` wlidl

wkstkr` diviaisjtig` ljs bkk` ajrckay bjskm.

]lk i`drkjsi`cay aifkay sdk`jrig is divia striek brguclt g` by duaturjadgèaidt witli` dgu`triks. ]lk mktrjdtgrs dajio tlkrk wiaa bk `g divia wjr by



::3

ditizk`s ge Kurgpkj` Numkg-Dlristij` vjauks j`m tlgsk ge Ousaio vjauks,

js it wiaa bk j crjmuja jssioiajtig`, j`m j` kvgautig` ge Kurgpkj` duaturk

j`m sgdikty witl Isajo.<: Tudl j suppgskmay `jturja kvgautig`, lgwkvkr,

bksimks bki`c `kcjtkm by tlk ouatiduaturja ogmka, wlidl mgks aittak tg

duativjtk sgdija jssioiajtig`, wiaa jasg bk g`k ejr ogrk dgopaij`t tg j

crgwi`c Ousaio pgpuajtig`’s i`drkjsi`cay mgcojtid mkoj`ms. ]lis tgg

wiaa bk ejdiaitjtkm by tlk pjssivity j`m ck`krjaay dgopaij`t jturk ge aibkrja

prgcrkssiviso> j pkrspkdtivk tljt dljopig`s oi`grity riclts but

rkprksk`ts j wkjf rkspg`sk i` tlk ejdk ge dritidiso ergo oi`gritiks i`

grmkr `gt tg geek`m.

Jt bkst, j pkjdkeua j`m i`drkok`tja sliet tg j` Isajoiskm Kurgpkj` duaturk

wiaa gddur. Jt wgrst it wiaa bk ojrfkm by i`drkjsi`c tkrrgriso j`m vigak`dk.

It oiclt sicìey j ljrmkì`c ge Kurgpkj` vjauks, js tlk ojngrity Isajoid

<: Dlike jog`cst tlk jpgagcists egr Isajo ljs bkk` Ekmkridj Ogclkriì. Ogclkriì is

tlk durrk`t Licl Rkprksk`tjtivk ge tlk Kurgpkj` [ìg` egr Egrkic` Jeejirs j`mTkdurity Xgaidy j`m Uidk-Xrksimk`t ge tlk Kurgpkj` Dgooissig` i` tlk Nu`dfkrDgooissig`. Ogclkriì ljs bkk` jt tlk egrkerg`t egr ykjrs pusli`c tlk imkj ge jKurgpkjìskm Isajo, gr jt akjst ogrk Ousaios i` Kurgpk bkdjusk suppgskmay>

‑Isajo lgams j pajdk i` gur wkstkr` sgdiktiks. Isajo bkag`cs i` Kurgpk. It lgams j pajdki` Kurgpk’s listgry, i` gur duaturk, i` gur eggm j`m — wljt ojttkrs ogst — i` Kurgpk’sprksk`t j`m euturk.‟

Tlk dg`tiùks>‑Tgok pkgpak jrk `gw tryi`c tg dg`vi`dk us tljt j Ousaio dj``gt bk j cggm Kurgpkj`ditizk`, tljt ogrk Ousaios i` Kurgpk wiaa bk tlk k`m ge Kurgpk. ]lksk pkgpak jrk `gt

nust oistjfk` jbgut Ousaios> tlksk pkgpak jrk oistjfk` jbgut Kurgpk, tlky ljvk `gdauk wljt Kurgpk j`m tlk Kurgpkj` imk`tity jrk.‟

Sliast wk dj` misdgu`t tlk `goi`ja Ousaios j`m tlgsk ge ckùi`kay pkjdkeuapkrspkdtivks (sudl js tlk Tuei j`m Jlojmiyyj) wlg jrk tlkoskavks pkrskdutkm js `gtkvk` prjdtisi`c ‑jutlk`tid Isajo‟, it is Ogclkriì wlg is tlk ‑daukakss‟ g`k lkrk. Lkrck`krja jaa-i`dausivk stj`dk is j` gmm g`k egr j` jdjmkoid kxpkrt g` Isajo. Dkrtjiày,slk slguam mieekrk`tijtk bktwkk` rjmidja j`m `g`-rjmidja skdts lkrk. But slk jppkjrsi`djpjbak, muk tg lkr aibkrja iopkrjtivk ge i`dausivk`kss tg Isajo ogrk ck`krjaay. J`ktlgs dljrjdtkristid ge tlk Aket. Ogclkriì, tlkrkegrk, ic`grks eu`mjok`tja Isajo j`mis spkjfi`c gày ge j` u`mkei`km ‑wkstkr`‟ Isajo. Egr j ak`ctlikr dritiquk skk oy jrtidaklkrk.






::<

mkogcrjplid is rkjdlkm i` tlk i`tkrio. ]lis wiaa k`tjia j sliet tgwjrms

pgaitidja kxtrkoiso, by bgtl tlk i`mick`gus j`m tlk `kw ièaux, js j

rkspg`sk. ]lis jppkjrs tg bk jarkjmy gddurri`c j`m gày lkicltk`s tlk

pgssibiaity ge wjr.

Sitlgut j` iookmijtk rkspg`sk, gr j sliet tg ogrk jbsgautk vjauks

ck`krjaay, egr kxjopak ge tlk fi`m jmvgdjtkm by tlk Dlristij` Riclt, tlk

aifkailggm is wjr. But prgpgskm sgautig`s sudl js tlis tgg i`vitk it, j`m gày

skts up j ogrk iookmijtk dajsl bktwkk` rkaicigus gr pgaitidja imkgagciks

dgopkti`c tg iopgsk jbsgautk vjauks. ]lk Skst, tlkrkegrk, jppkjrs tg bk

i` j djtdl 22 situjtig`> wlkrk it `kkms tg kobrjdk tlk virtuks ge its bkaikes

i` j ogrk pri`dipakm kvk` mgcojtid sk`sk, tg mkja witl tlk prgspkdt ge j`

Isajoiskm Kurgpk, but wlkrk ie it mgks, it oiclt wkaa kxjdkrbjtk tlk

aifkailggm ge skrigus diviaisjtig`ja dgèaidt.

Dj` vigak`dk bk jvgimkm7 It jppkjrs i`drkjsi`cay uàifkay witlgut kitlkr

dgopaktk wkstkr` djpituajtig`, gr ojss mkpgrtjtig`, jt akjst ge tlk

tkrrgrists j`m eu`mjok`tjaists. ]lis tgg oiclt kvk` rkquirk mkpgrti`c jaa

sljrij jmvgdjti`c Ousaios. Sitlgut sudl j okjsurk, i`drkjsi`c divia

u`rkst akjmi`c tg Kurgpkj` j`m @grtl Jokridj` divia wjrs jppkjrs tlk

ogst aifkay euturk sdk`jrig. ]lk sgautig` tg prkvk`t tlis jppkjrs

u`pjajtjbak tg tlgsk ge j aibkrja pkrsujsig`. It wguam ogst aifkay k`tjia j

tgtja bj` g` ajrck sdjak iaakcja iooicrjtig` ge Ousaios i`tg tlk Skst, gr

jt tlk akjst ogrk stri`ck`t okjsurks g` tlgsk witl qukstig`jbak

bjdfcrgu`ms wlg grici`jtk ergo tkrrgrist lgtbkms, j`m j strg`ckr

kopljsis g` jtig`ja vjauks, bgrmkrs j`m tlk i`tkcrity ge jtig`ja duaturks

g`dk ogrk.<2 ]lk ajtkr kopljsis g` sudl vjauks wguam aifkay tricckr

<2 Xrksimk`t ]ruop’s tkopgrjry bj` ge jaik`s ergo skvk` dgu`triks witl f`gw`tkrrgrist tiks (Irj`, Irjq, Aibyj, Tgojaij, Tumj`, Tyrij j`m Ykok`) is bki`c ljiakm js j



::9

prgtkst jog`cst jt akjst sgok ljrmai`krs i` Ousaio dgoou`itiks j`m

Tgdijaists i` tlk `jok ge tgakrjti`c oi`grity riclts j`m vjauks i` tur`.

]lk prgcrkssig` ge Isajo i` tlk Skst

‑Ousaio duaturk‟, js it prksk`tay kxists, is g`k tljt siouatj`kgusay dajios

tg bk jbak tg jddgoogmjtk wkstkr` vjauks, but pjrjmgxidjaay is imk`tieikm

by rkaicigus j`m pgaitidja kakok`ts tljt tk`m tg jbsgautiso, wlidl is jaik`

tg it. Sliast it tk`ms tg ic`grk rjdija j`m `jtig`ja imk`tieikrs js qujaieikrsegr bki`c Ousaio, it siouatj`kgusay stj`ms i` gppgsitig` tg tlk aibkrja

‑bj` g` Ousaios‟ by tlk oiscuimkm Aibkrja Xrkss. ]lk Aket ljvk ajrckay rkjdtkmlystkridjaay> djaai`c egr j dj`dkaajtig` ge tlk tkopgrjry bj` i` tlk `jok ge ‑kqujaityegr jaa‟, gr jt akjst jaa Ousaios. J`ytli`c akss is ljiakm js bicgtry . Aibkrjas i` Lgaaywggmpjrtiduajray jrk djaai`c it ‑Isajogplgbij‟ j`m bgr` ge j pjrtiduajray u`-Jokridj`prknumidk, gr nust ogrk prgge ge tlk Xrksimk`t’s suppgskm ‑ejsdist‟ vjauks.

]lk ]ruop okjsurks ck`krjaay jrk Dg`stitutig`ja js tlky jrk `gt ‑ejitl bjskm‟, grspkdieidjaay j` ‑Isajoid‟ bj` pkr sk, rkspkdti`c tlk riclt tg erkkay prjdtisk rkaicig`. ]lkEirst Jok`mok`t tg tlk [.T. Dg`stitutig`, writtk` i` :39:, rkjms> ‑Dg`crkss sljaaojfk `g ajw rkspkdti`c j` kstjbaislok`t ge rkaicig`, gr prglibiti`c tlk erkk kxkrdisktlkrkge. @kitlkr is it ‑rjdk bjskm‟, js sgok dajio wlk` tlky dry ‑rjdiso‟, js tg bk jOusaio is `gt rjdijaay mktkroi`km.

Js egrty-skvk` Ousaio ojngrity dgu`triks witlgut dajssieikm ai`fs tg tkrrgr jrk `gtsubnkdt tg tlk tkopgrjry mkekrok`t, wk dj` sjekay mispk`sk witl tlk `gtig` it is j‑Ousaio bj`‟, gr rkaicigusay bijskm. ]lk ogst pgpuajtkm Ousaio dgu`try I`mg`ksij is`gt i`daumkm, gr is Tjumi Jrjbij, tg ditk but twg kxjopaks. ]lk skvk` tljt jrk, i`daumkDlristij`s j`m ^grgjstrij`s, Bjljists j`m gtlkrs ge `g`-Ousaio ejitl jasg. ]lkokjsurks, tlk`, jrk `gt dg`dkr`km witl ‑ejitl‟, gr witl j spkdieid ejitl, but dg`dkr`km

witl `jtig`s tljt mkog`strjtk licl risf tkrrgrist ai`fs. I` tlis, lgwkvkr, tlkmisdrkpj`dy rksts i` j pjrjmgx tljt wliast `gt jaa Ousaios jrk `kdkssjriay tkrrgrists,oj`y tkrrgrists ljppk` tg bk vigak`t Ousaios. Bgtl tlk tkopgrjry bj` j`m kxtrkok

vktti`c jrk rkquirkm i` grmkr tg sjvk Ousaio, js wkaa js `g`-Ousaio aivks. ]lk vigak`t niljmis `kkm tg bk wkkmkm gut j`m jaa ditizk`s oust lkap by jddkpti`c tlk okjsurksiopgskm by euaay pajyi`c tlkir pjrt. I` tlis, ]ruop’s dg`dkr`s jrk ejir, sk`sibak j`m

wimkay pliaj`tlrgpid. Lis dg`dkr`s k`lj`dk lis pakmck tg skrvk j`m prgtkdt tlk [`itkmTtjtks, wlidl kxtk`ms tg jaa ditizk`s, irrkspkdtivk ge wlktlkr tlky bk Ousaio gr `g`-Ousaio. It dlioks witl tlk Jokridj Eirst prgoisk lk ojmk jt lis I`jucurjtig`. Tkk

oy wimkr dgook`ts lkrk.







:28

rkajtiviso ge its skduajr, wkstkr`, `goi`jaay Dlristij`, lgst `jtig`s. It

tk`ms tg suppgrt i` tlis j` jbsgautk, tlkgdrjtid j`m tlkgagcidjaay bjskm

vjauk systko. ]lis gpk`s up tlk pgssibiaity ge j trk`m tgwjrms j`

i`drkjsi`c niljm j`m sljrij i` Kurgpk j`m @grtl Jokridj, ie tlk

mkogcrjplid trk`m pkrsists, irrkspkdtivk ge wljt niljm j`m sljrij oiclt

uatiojtkay k`tjia. ]lk euturk sdk`jrig jasg succksts j` i`drkjsi`cay mivimkm

Kurgpk i` tlk i`tkrio, witl j` i`drkjsi`c tkrrgrist prgbako, j`m j wkstkr`

ouati-duaturja ogmka i`drkjsi`cay egrdkm tg jmjpt tg j ejr ogrk Ousaio

grik`tjtkm, sljrij dgopaij`t, akcja systko i` tlk euturk.

Kègrdkm rkpjtrijtig` wjs tlk sdk`jrig succkstkm by K`gdl Xgwkaa wlk`

lk wjr`km ge tlk mj`ckr tg K`caisl duaturk by tlk Skst I`mij` j`m

Xjfistjì iooicrj`ts ge tlk :958s, slguam uèkttkrkm iooicrjtig`

dg`tiùk u`dlkdfkm.<4 Isajogplgbks getk` tk`m tg vgidk tlksk dritidisos

j`m djst tlk Ousaio prksk`dk i` sioiajr tkros. ]lk dlgidk tg stgp,

lgwkvkr, is `gt j dlgidk jvjiajbak `gw, wlk` j`y ùobkr ge ck`krjtig`s

tljt djaa tlkoskavks Ousaio ljvk jarkjmy bkk` bgr` i` tlk Skst.

I` dg`trjst, Ckkrt Siamkrs (tlk Mutdl pgaitidij`) geekrs j mieekrk`t

rkspg`sk i` tkros ge tgakrjti`c `g ogrk ge tlk i`drkjsi`c ùobkrs pkrigm

i` lis ‑@g Sjy‟ djopjic`.<= Ykt tlis stiaa ic`grks tlk durrk`t situjtig` ge

j` jarkjmy kstjbaislkm mkogcrjplid j`m ck`krjtig`s tljt ljvk bkk` bgr`

i` tlk Skst. It rkquirks ojss pgpuajtig` mispajdkok`t ge Kurgpkj`

ditizk`s by virtuk ge tlk ejdt tlky jrk Ousaios j`m vikws tlko tgg rkjmiay

js bki`c misti`dtay gppgskm tg wkstkr` vjauks jdrgss tlk bgjrm, siopay by

`jturk ge lgw tlky tkro tlkoskavks, wlk` oj`y oiclt `gt jutgojtidjaay

bk sg. Siamkrs getk` strkssks tljt Ousaios wlg gbky gur vjauks j`m ajws

<4 Tkk lkrk. <= Tkk lkrk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB-wguopzck


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IllZmrTEJkY







:2:

dj` stjy, but i` prjdtidk lgw is g`k tg mktkroi`k tlk wlkjt ergo tlk dljee

prgjdtivkay7

I` rkja tkros, wk ljvk quitk pgssibay jarkjmy pjsskm tlk pgi`t ge g rktur`.

]lk dlj`ck tg wkstkr` duaturks witl tlk eu`mjok`tjaist Ousaio prksk`dk

ljs bkk` i`drkjsi`c stkjmiay si`dk tlk :938s. ]lk prksk`dk ge jarkjmy

kstjbaislkm Kurgpkj`, Jsij` j`m Jeridj` dgoouìtiks wiaa k`surk tlk

Ousaio pgpuajtig` dg`tiùks tg crgw, rkcjrmakss ge j`y succkstkm bgrmkr

dg`trgas iopgskm `gw. J tk`mk`dy tg skpjrjtiso by tlksk dgoouìtiks

jasg rksuats i` i`drkjsi`c eu`mjok`tjaiso. Sitlgut rkegro j`m vktti`c,

ojss mkpgrtjtig` ge Kurgpkj` Ousaios bgr` i` tlk Skst wguam `kkm tg

gddur tg suppakok`t j`y iookmijtk ljat i` tlk iooicrjtig` ge tlk Ousaio

pgpuajdk ergo gtlkr dg`ti`k`ts tljt jrk mkkokm j tlrkjt. @g`k ge tlis is

i` ejdt gddurri`c. I`mkkm, kvk` Ousaios witl prgvk` tkrrgrist

bjdfcrgu`ms jrk bki`c tgakrjtkm j`m pkroittkm erkk ogvkok`t.

Mkpgrtjtig` ge mj`ckrgus kakok`ts is pikdkokja j`m getk` `gt gddurri`c.

]lkir prksk`dk is bki`c tgakrjtkm gr is ljopkrkm by KDLR akcisajtig` tljt

dljopig`s tlkir riclt tg rkoji`. Oj`y ge tlk ogst rkdk`t tkrrgrists ljvk

bkk` slgw` tg ljvk grici`jtkm j`m bkk` bgr` i` tlk Skst i` j`y djsk, kvk`

ie oj`y i`sist tlky mg `gt imk`tiey witl tlkir Kurgpkj` pajdks ge birtl.

Mkpgrtjtig` jag`c brgjmkr ai`ks, tg geeskt j`y Isajoisjtig` ge wkstkr`

duaturk i` tlk euturk, is dakjray j okjsurk aibkrja cgvkròk`t wguam bk

rkaudtj`t tg iopgsk. ]lis oiclt akjm tg i`drkjsi`c pgaitidja rjmidjaiso

itskae i` tlk Skst j`m tlk rknkdtig` ge tlk tgakrj`t aibkrjaiso tljt ljs

i`drkjsi`cay mkei`km gur pgaitidja pkrspkdtivks i` tlk ajst tlirm ge tlk 28 tl

dk`tury. ]lkrk oiclt bk j sliet i` jttitumk j`m pgaidy ie tkrrgrist kvk`ts

i`drkjsk, but pgaidy dlj`ck wguam aifkay bk j sagw j`m pikdkokja jeejir,

oi`meua ge tlk pgaitidja j`m sgdija jdtiviso it oiclt itskae tricckr. I` tlis,

irgìdjaay, tkrrgriso is dgu`tkrprgmudtivk tg j`y Isajoisjtig` ge Kurgpk gr



:22

@grtl Jokridj by j` i`drkjsi`c mkogcrjplid prksk`dk tljt k`tjias j`

i`drkok`tja jabkit ajrckay pkjdkeua usurpjtig`. [àkss it jdts i` ogrk

ojakvgak`t wjys tg tricckr j rjmidja sliet i` jttitumk by tlk Skst, tlk

mkogcrjplid prgcrkssig` wiaa gvkrskk j ajrckay i`kvitjbak dg`qukst ge

@grtlkr` Kurgpk, ogst aifkay by tlk k`m ge tlk 2:st dk`tury.

Egr tlgsk dritidja ge tlk Ousaio prksk`dk, tlk dlgidk egr tlk euturk, egr

wkstkr` duaturk js j wlgak, is j stjrf g`k> jssioiajtk, bk ‑Isajoiskm‟ gr

mik, gr jt akjst mik gut. Sliast egr gtlkrs ge j ogrk aibkrja pkrsujsig`, tlk

dlgidk is `gt sg stjrf, j`m tlky jppkja tg j pgssibak euturk sdk`jrig ge j

ogrk ‑ wkstkrìskm‟ duaturja Ousaio, witl ogrk skduajr vjauks. Egr

kxtrkoists, lgwkvkr, kvk`, tlk dg`dkpt ge Ousaio jssioiajtig` is

j`jtlkoj tj`tjogu`t tg j egro ge i`drkok`tja ck`gdimk. It is g`k tljt

i`vgavks `gt siopay j duaturja missipjtig`, but sgok fi`m ge rjdija

rkpajdkok`t.

]lk i`drkjsi`c ajdf ge jssioiajtig` bktwkk` Isajoid j`m wljt oiclt bk

tkrokm `g`-Ousaio ‑ wkstkr`‟ dgoouìtiks jt j`y rjtk i`vitks sgok fi`m

ge duaturja dajsl i` tlk euturk ie eu`mjok`tjaiso dg`tiùks tg crgw. ]lis

mj`ckr ljs aittak tg mg witl rjdija prgeiai`c. It ljs ogrk tg mg witl tlk

jbsgautk `jturk ge Isajo j`m its ck`krja i`tgakrj`dk ge gtlkr rkaicig`s j`m

pgaitidja systkos i` prkekrk`dk tg tlk pkrdkivkm suprkojdiso ge its gw`.

Isajo is `gt j rjdk

]lk rjdija imk`tieidjtig` issuk is ajrckay j` krrg`kgus jssuoptig` j`m ljs

ouatipak ejdtgrs. Oj`y kxtrkoists skkf tg djst Ousaios i` rjdija tkros js

tlk ojngrity jrk Jsij`, gr ge Oimmak Kjstkr`, gr Jeridj` mksdk`t. ]lky,

tlkrkegrk, djst tlk issuk js bki`c j dajsl bktwkk` bajdf j`m wlitk, wlk`

Isajo `kkm `gt `kdkssjriay bk rkstridtkm by sudl dg`simkrjtig`s.



:24

Eurtlkrogrk, tlis is j mkrjdi`jtig` tljt wgrfs bgtl wjys> egr bgtl tlk

i`mick`gus j`m tlk i`dgoi`c ièaux, ie i`tkrbrkkmi`c i` tlk `jok ge

prgcrkssiviso is k`dgurjckm. It mgks`’t, lgwkvkr, ljvk oudl bkjri`c g`

tlk sprkjm gr mkdai`k ge Isajo i` tlk Skst, wlidl trj`sdk`ms rjdija j`m

duaturja imk`tieikrs js spkdieids. ]lk ejdt mgks rkoji`, lgwkvkr, tljt tlk

birtl rkpajdkok`t eicurks jog`cst `g`-Ousaio Kurgpkj`s jrk mkdaiì`c,

j`m Ousaio birtl rjtks jrk crkjtay i`drkjsi`c, witl sgok ejoiaiks bkjri`c

tlrkk tg js oj`y js six dliamrk`. It is dakjr, tlkrkegrk, wlkrk tlk trjnkdtgry

j`m jmvj`tjcks aik.

Ge dgursk, Isajo is `gt j rjdk, but j pgaitidja j`m rkaicigus imkgagcy. ]lk

rkaicigus missipjtig` i` tlk bkaikes ge wlitk Kurgpkj`s, dgupakm witl j`

jddkptj`dk ge j tk`mk`dy tg ogrja j`m duaturja rkajtiviso i`vitks j dajsl

ge vjauks js tlk Ousaio mkogcrjplid i`drkjsks. ]lis bki`c jssuokm,

uàkss Isajo itskae dj` bk rjmidjaay jatkrkm, pjdieikm j`m rkegrokm.

Imkgagcidjaay, ie `gt rjdijaay, Kurgpk wiaa bkdgok ojngrity Ousaio,

wljtkvkr tlk rjdija spkdieids ge tljt wimk sprkjm mkogcrjplid wiaa bk.

I`tkrrjdija ojrrijcks jppkjr i` j`y djsk tg bk akss dgoog`, muk tg

duaturja vjauks bki`c vikwkm js jaik`. Rjdija prgeiai`c i` tlis is bki`c

ajrckay prkskrvkm, gr bki`c mktkroi`km i` tkros ge rkaicigus sk`sibiaity,

witl dgupaks ljiai`c ergo egrokray Ousaio ojngrity dgu`triks i` j`y djsk,

but `gt kxdausivkay sg js dg`vkrsig` mgks gddur. ]lk prkmgoi`j`dk ge j

priojriay ojak Ousaio ièaux i`drkjsks tlk aifkailggm ge its prgpjcjtig`

i` i`tkroixkm ojrrijcks witl wkstkr` wgok`, but gày ie tlk vjauks

bkdgok `grojaiskm js jddkptjbak.

Dg`dkrì`c tlk K`caisl spkdieidjaay, j`m tlk keekdts ge ouatiduaturjaiso,

duaturjaay wk jrk jarkjmy wit`kssi`c j dlj`ck i` ousid, tlk jrts j`m j

ck`krja erjcok`tjtig`, jaik`jtig` j`m dgèusig` ge wljt it okj`s tg bk

trjmitig`jaay K`caisl (js gppgskm tg Britisl). Ogrk spkdieidjaay, tlkrk is



:2=

dgèusig` ge wljt it okj`s tg ljvk j` K`caisl imk`tity i` j lybrim,

ouatiduaturja, ouatirjdija sgdikty. ]lk dgu`tkrjrcuok`t tg tlis is tlk

ouatiduaturja sgdikty is dgagureua, vibrj`t j`m mivkrsk. I` tlis it rkquirks j

okati`c pgt j`m j dgaakdtiviskm, uìeikm sy`tlksis, bkaikm by tlk rkjaity ge

tlk i`drkjsi`c egrojtig` ge sgdija j`m duaturja clkttgs. ]lksk ck`krjaay

tk`m tg imk`tiey jag`c rjdija j`m skdtjrij` ai`ks, wlidl ljopkrs sgdija

jssioiajtig` i` tur`, j`m iopkmks tlk sljri`c j`m jddkptj`dk ge tlk

ouatipak duaturks.

]lk rkjaity ge tlk ouatiduaturja prgcrkssig` is clkttgizjtig`. ]lis is by `g

okj`s j prgbako aioitkm tg K`caj`m kitlkr, but is g`k tljt ljs sprkjm

jdrgss tlk dg`ti`k`t ge Kurgpk.<; Ouatiduaturjaiso rkquirks sy`tlksis tg

jssioiajtk mispjrjtk kakok`ts i`tg j dglksivk sgdikty. ]lk aibkrja

prgcrkssivk vjauks j`m dg`tiùkm dgaakdtivisjtig` ge `jtig` stjtks i`tg tlk

`kw Kurgpkj` K[ ogmka skkfs tlis tgg js j pgaitidja sgautig`. It skkfs tg

iopgsk j suprj `jtig`ja, ouatiduaturja, ouati-ejitl imk`tity ge wljt it

okj`s tg bk Kurgpkj`, irrkspkdtivk ge `jtig`ja vjauks, but tlk rkjaity ljs

ck`krjaay kxjdkrbjtkm j`m u`mkroi`km gur sk`sk ge wljt it okj`s tg ljvk

`jtig`ja imk`titiks, jt akjst i` tlk gam sk`sk, j`m aket j sgdija j`m duaturja

vjduuo i` its pajdk. ]lk K[ ck`krjaay ljs sguclt j pgaitidja sgautig` i`

tlis, rjtlkr tlj` j duaturja gr j sgdija sgautig`. ]lk keekdts, lgwkvkr, ljvk

bkk` dgu`tkrprgmudtivk i` tlk sgdija j`m duaturja sk`sk.

Tgok oiclt syopjtlisk witl kègrdkm rkpjtrijtig` js j sgautig`, bkdjusk

ge tlk prgspkdt ge tlk caggoy euturk sdk`jrig, j` Isajoisjtig` ge Kurgpk,

rksuati`c uatiojtkay i` j Ousaio Kurgpkj` Djaipljtk, muk tg slkkr

ùobkrs. ]lk djaa egr kègrdkm rkpjtrijtig` is, lgwkvkr, iopgssibak tg

<; Lkrk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ims4r1fCExY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ims4r1fCExY



:25

Britisl pkrsg`, is `gt sg kjsiay mkei`km. Kègrdkm rkpjtrijtig`, tlk`, is

dakjray j` iopgssibiaity, j`m i` prjdtidja tkros kvk` slguam sudl j

okjsurk bk iopakok`tkm, it wguam okrkay kxjdkrbjtk divia striek j`m

wgramwimk dg`mko`jtig` ergo tlk [ìtkm @jtig`s j`m wkstkr` kaitk.

]lkrk is tlk prgbako tgg ge tlk Aket’s rksistj`dk ge sudl okjsurks js j

rkeakx rkjdtig`. Kvk` oi`gr okjsurks, sudl js Xrksimk`t ]ruop’s trjvka

bj` ge tkrrgrists ljs bkk` strg`cay rksistkm. It wguam rkquirk tlk` j ojngr

sliet i` vjauks. @kitlkr wguam it cujrj`tkk j`ytli`c gtlkr tlj` wjr i` tlk

euturk, witl wlgak pgpuajtig`s gstrjdiskm j`m skkoi`cay rkdgaakdtiviskm

jag`c rjdija, rkaicigus j`m imkgagcidja ai`ks.

I` tlis, rkpjtrijtig` dj``gt siopay bk dlgsk` gvkr rkegro, js Siamkr’s

succksts, gr is it kjsiay iopakok`tkm.<3 Js k`tidi`c js lis sgautig` jppkjrs

js j quidf eix sgautig`, it dj` gày bk ljiakm js j sgu`mbitk tg k`tlusk j

misk`dlj`tkm j`m rkstakss pgaitidja jumik`dk. It dj``gt rkjmiay bk iopgskm

prjdtidjaay, witlgut i`viti`c rkvgautig` j`m wjr. Kvk` ie it wjs suddksseuaay

j`m luoj`kay iopakok`tkm, wljt ljppk`s tlk`7 Mgks lk rkjaay tli`f

tljt wguam bk tlk k`m tg tlk mj`ckr ge j` Isajoid cagbja wjr, siopay

bkdjusk tlky ljvk bkk` ogvkm tg j`gtlkr dg`ti`k`t7 ]lis siopay

suppgsks j` ‑gut ge siclt, gut ge oi`m‟ pgaidy. It is `g sgautig` tg tlk

vjauks tljt iègro j`m ogtivjtk its mj`ckrs. ]lk iookmijtk mj`ckr oiclt

bk rkogvkm, but tlk jio ge j cagbja djaipljtk wguam `gt bk missipjtkm, `gr

wguam tlk tlrkjt tg lis bkagvkm Isrjka. I`mkkm, it wguam gày bkkxjdkrbjtkm.

I` j`y djsk, tlk prkoisks egr mkeiì`c `jtig`jaity i` rkaicigus, pgaitidja gr

rjdija tkros itskae is erjuclt witl mieeiduatiks, js Litakr egu`m gut. It dj`

rksuat gày i` j skae-ièaidtkm ìliaiso, j`m wk oiclt vkry wkaa bk slggti`c

gurskavks i` tlk eggt. ]lkrk wkrk jetkr jaa Nkws i` lis Ckroj` jroy, wlg

<3 Tkk lis j`ti- rkegro dgook`ts i` tlis jmoittkmay briaaij`t j`m ogvi`c spkkdl.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wa0XFeN-SY&feature=youtu.be







:23

by lis gw` mkeiìtig` wkrk imk`tieikm js Nkws uatiojtkay, but wlg jasg sjw

tlkoskavks js Ckroj`. Sliast tlkir gw` rkaicigus vjauks ljm rkoji`km

misti`dt js Nkws rkaicigusay, rjdijaay j`m duaturjaay, `jtig`ja agyjatiks wkrk

`gt gvkrrimmk`. I` tlis, tlk kègrdkm rkpjtrijtig` sgautig` jppkjrs tg bk

`g sgautig`, `gr is it j ei`ja sgautig`, egr it is `kvkr k`mi`c. I` j`y djsk, it

is g`k iopgssibak tg iopakok`t witlgut kxjdkrbjti`c `jtig`ja skae-

mkstrudtig`, divia, gr kvk` tgtja cagbja wjr.

@jtig`ja imk`tity is tlk cauk tljt suppgskmay bi`ms ouatiduaturja

dgoouìtiks tgcktlkr. But tlis i`kvitjbay ic`grks tlk mj`ckrs ge j dajsl ge

duaturks wlk` g`k gr gtlkr mkei`ks itskae mieekrk`tay. It ic`grks tlk ejdt

Isajo mkei`ks itskae `gt sgakay i` `jtig`ja, Kurgpkj` gr wkstkr` tkros, but

js j uìvkrsja rkaicig` tljt trj`sdk`ms sudl mkeiìtig`s. I` tlk djsk ge

Isajo, it is i`trj`sick`t tg dlj`ck by virtuk ge its pgaitidja imkgagcy j`m j

rkaicigus egu`mjtig` witl j` jbsgautk skt ge ogrja j`m tlkgagcidja vjauks.

It ykt i`vitks wjr witl its mieekri`c skdtjrij` pkrspkdtivks g` wljt tlk

jbsgautk trutl slguam k`tjia. ]lis mgks `gt sit ljppiay witl tlk wkstkr`

vjauk systko. I` tlk djsk ge tlk Skst, j`y civk` `jtig` sudl js Erj`dk, gr

tlk [T is mkei`km by skduajriso j`m aibkrty, gr i` Britji` its sgvkrkic`ty is

mkei`km by imkjs ge tgakrj`dk, luoj` riclts, pjrtiduajray oi`grity riclts,

j`m mkogdrjtid erkkmgos.

Lkrki` aiks tlk mj`ckr, egr wljt is tg ljppk` wlk` tlk ojngrity bkdgok

tlk oi`grity7 Sljt wiaa tlk sdk`jrig bk wlk` tlk i`trj`sick`t ojngrity,

mkvgtkm tg tlk ejitl ge Isajo, gutùobkrs tlk oi`grity djaa egr tgakrj`dk

j`m aibkrjaiso7 I` tlk prksk`t sdk`jrig, oi`grity riclts ljvk bkk`

kakvjtkm jbgvk tlk ojngrity riclts, j`m witl i`drkjsi`c iooicrj`t

ùobkrs j`m j` i`drkjsi`c djaa egr sljrij dgopaij`t ajws bki`c dg`dkmkm,

tlis wiaa gày egstkr i`drkjsi`c i`tgakrj`dk j`m iopjtik`dk egr ogrk

dg`dkssig`s tg Isajoid vjauks js ùobkrs crgw.



:2<

Sliast sgok oiclt jrcuk tljt crjmuja, rjtlkr tlj` kègrdkm jssioiajtig`,

wiaa ùaaiey tlk aifkailggm ge i`tkr`ja dgèaidt, tlk ‑i`tkr`ja tkrrgrist‟ tlrkjt

ge ‑diviaisjtig`ja niljm‟ is gày `gw bkci`ì`c tg bk rkjaiskm js j duaturja

plk`gok`g`. G`k tljt ljs bkk` lgokbrkm by gur gw` ouati-duaturja

i`dai`jtig`s. It jasg ejias tg euaay u`mkrstj`m tlk iopaidjtig`s ge i`tkr`ja

mivisig`s prgoptkm by sudl mivkrsk ièauk`dks witli` tlk Ousaio

dgoouìty itskae.

Bksimks tlk tk`mk`dy tg prgogtk jbsgautk, rjtlkr tlj` rkajtivk aibkrja

vjauks i` Isajo, tlk dg`tiùi`c ouatiduaturja ogmka, k`dgurjckm by

wkstkr` akjmkrs, prgvgfks rjmidjaiso i` tur`. Isajo skkfs tg jvgim j

missipjtig` ge its vjauks j`m prkskrvk tlko witli` j` jaik` duaturk vikwkm

js ioogrja j`m u`lgay. ]lis prgdkss tk`ms tg egstkr isgajtigìso ergo

wkstkr` sgdikty, j mistrust ge its vjauks j`m tlus egstkrs eu`mjok`tjaiso

j`m rjmidjaiso js j rksuat. It mgks, tlkrkegrk, kxjdkrbjtk tlk dlj`dks ge

tkrrgrist jttjdfs g` tlk lgst `jtig`’s wkstkrìskm ditizk`s js j mkek`dk

okdljìso> bgtl tlk Kurgpkj` Dlristij`s j`m Nkws, but jasg tlgsk ogrk

ogmkrjtk ‑duaturja Ousaios‟ wlg ljvk i` sgok sk`sk bkk` k`dgurjckm tg

bkdgok jssioiajtkm tg tlk vjauks ge tlk Skst, tlk vjauks ge wlidl jrk

dg`simkrkm by tlk rjmidjas js lkrktidja. ]lk pgssibak tlrkjts jrk crjvk j`m

g` tlk prksk`t prgcrkssig` jrk aifkay tg dg`tiùk j`m i`tk`siey.

]lk aifkailggm ge j Kurgpkj` Isajo

Jt prksk`t, tlk pgpuajtig` ge tlk K[ is jpprgxiojtkay ;% Ousaio6 Erj`dk

lgwkvkr is <-:8% Ousaio. Akjvi`c jsimk tlk pgssibak jmoissig` ge tlk

dgu`triks witl ajrck Ousaios pgpuajtig`s, aifk ]urfky j`m Buacjrij, tlk

Ousaio prgpgrtig` ge tlk tgtja K[ pgpuajtig` wiaa prgbjbay crgw tg :8%gvkrjaa by 2828, jt akjst jddgrmi`c tg geeidija stjtistids. Ie, lgwkvkr, tlksk



:29

`gtgrigusay u`rkaijbak stjtistids slgw tlk prgnkdtkm rjtk ge iooicrjtig`

i`drkjsi`c eurtlkr, js is tlk djsk witl tlk prksk`t i`drkjsi`c ‑rkeuckk‟

ièaux ergo Tyrij j`m gtlkr Oimmak Kjstkr` j`m Jeridj` `jtig`s, tlk

prgpgrtig` ge Ousaios wiaa risk sicìeidj`tay ejstkr.

Dg`simkri`c tlk prksk`t sdk`jrig, sgok gbskrvkrs bkaikvk, j surck i` tlk

Ousaio pgpuajtig` ojy sgg` prgmudk j pgssibak SJTX eaiclt ergo

Kurgpk, nust js ge ajtk tlkrk ljs bkk` j Nkwisl eaiclt. I` tlk pjst ykjr jag`k

:88,888 Nkws ljvk aket Erj`dk egr tlk [T gr Isrjka.

Dg`simkri`c jaa tlis, tlk`, g`k ojy suoojrisk vjrigus sdk`jrigs egr

Kurgpk’s euturk tg t wg kxtrkoks>

• ]lk mkvkagpok`t ge j` Isajoid Kurgpk, i` wlidl Ousaio

i`stitutig`s j`m duaturk suppaj`t skduajr j`m Numkg-Dlristij`

i`stitutig`s j`m duaturk. ]lis ge dgursk ojfks tlk ag`c-tkro

pgssibiaity ge j Ousaio djaipljtk i`drkjsi`cay aifkay.

•

]lk mkvkagpok`t ge j Kurgpkj` Isajo, i` wlidl Kurgpkj` Ousaiossljrk tlk Kurgpkj` skduajr imk`tity jmgptkm by Kurgpkj`

Djtlgaids, Xrgtkstj`ts j`m Nkws j`m prgpjcjtkm vij wkstkr`

aibkrjaiso. J Kurgpkjìskm Isajo, okrckm witl priojriay dgrpgrjtk

sgdijaist vjauks, wguam i` j`y djsk stiaa bk ogrk syopjtlktid tg j aket

wi`c pgaitidja imkgagcy, wlidl i`vitks j` i`drkjsi`cay stjtk-dk`trid

tgtjaitjrijìso i` tlk euturk.

]lk imkj ge j Kurgpkjìskm Isajo is `gt okrkay tlk prgmudt ge wisleua

tli`fi`c by aibkrjas. Xrgoi`k`t Ousaio i`tkaakdtujas tgg ljvk djaakm egr j`

jssioiajtig` ge Isajo tg Kurgpkj` sgdija j`m duaturja `gros j`m ogrks.

Bjssjo ]ibi ge tlk [ìvkrsity ge Cgtti`ck`, egr kxjopak, jrcuks tljt

Kurgpk’s Ousaios oust rkdg`diak Isajo witl rkaicigus j`m pgaitidja



:48

paurjaiso, tlk skpjrjtig` ge dlurdl j`m stjtk j`m i`mivimuja luoj` riclts.

]lis is `kdkssjry i` grmkr tg ‑eit i`tg Kurgpkj` sgdikty ‟.

J`gtlkr Ousaio sdlgajr, ]jriq Rjojmj`<<, ljs succkstkm tljt tlk

kstjbaislok`t ge Ousaio dgoouìtiks i` tlk Skst, kspkdijaay Kurgpk,

drkjtks tlk gppgrtuìty egr tlk mkvkagpok`t ge j `kw j`m misti`dtivk

vjrikty ge Isajo. ]lis is j mkvkagpok`t ergo tlk trjmitig`ja Isajoid

mivisig` ge tlk wgram i`tg tlk Mjr ja-Isajo (Lgusk ge Isajo) j`m Mjr ja-

Ljrb (Lgusk ge Sjr). Lkrk, Rjojmj` succksts, j `kw djtkcgry ge tlk Mjr

ja-Tljljmj (Lgusk ge Sit`kss) egr paurjaistid sgdiktiks. I` tlis, Ousaios

dj` civk wit`kss tg tlkir ejitl, but ykt euaay pjrtidipjtk i` gtlkr kakok`ts

ge tlkir `kw, priojriay skduajr k`virgòk`t.

]g jdlikvk tlis, Rjojmj` jmvgdjtks j rk-kxjoi`jtig` ge tlk dgrk Ousaio

tkxts. Lk skkfs tg misti`cuisl tlk pkroj`k`t j`m kssk`tija (tljbit) ergo

tlk iopkroj`k`t j`m dg`ti`ck`t (outjcljyyir), tlus skpjrjti`c Isajo

ergo its trjmitig`ja Oimmak Kjstkr` sgdija j`m duaturja sktti`cs. Lis wgrfs

tlk` djaa i`tg qukstig` tlk jssuoptig` tljt, i` grmkr tg eagurisl, Isajo

oust dg`trga its k`tirk pgaitidja, sgdija j`m duaturja spjdk. I` tlis, egr

Rjojmj`, Ousaios aivi`c i` tlk Mjr ja-Tljljmj slguam jddkpt tlk

priviakcks j`m rkspg`sibiaitiks ge ditizk`slip i` sgok sgrt ge dg`trjdtuja

gbaicjtig`.

Rjojmj`’s tlksis rkprksk`ts j sicìeidj`t mkpjrturk ergo tlk jbsgautk j`m

mgcojtid vikws ge sudl Ousaio tli`fkrs js Ljsj` ja-Bj``j, tlk egu`mkr

ge tlk Kcyptij` Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm, wlg jsskrtkm>

‑tlk mgdtri`ks j`m tkjdli`cs ge Isajo jrk jaa-dgoprklk`sivk j`mcgvkr` tlk jeejirs ge ok` i` tlis wgram j`m tlk `kxt.‟

<< ‑]g bk j Kurgpkj` Ousaio> j stumy ge Isajoid sgurdks i` tlk Kurgpkj` dg`tkxt‟. Tkk jasg ‑ Skstkr` Ousaios j`m tlk euturk ge Isajo.‟



:4:

Rjojmj`’s vikws ljvk akm ]iok ojcjzi`k tg djaa lio g`k ge tlk wgram’s

crkjt i``gvjtgrs i` 2888 j`m jcji` i` 288=. Lgwkvkr, jaa oiclt `gt bk js

rgsy js it skkos. I` tlk 288= jrtidak, qukstig`s jrk rjiskm js tg Rjojmj` ’s

si`dkrity i` tlk subtitak> ‑Ogmkrjtk gr Kxtrkoist7‟ Zukstig`s i` tlis

dg`tkxt dkrtjiày jrisk tgg, js Rjojmj` is Ljsj` ja-Bj``j’s crj`msg`, tlk

egu`mkr ge tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm. Lk ljs jasg ojmk pubaid stjtkok`ts

prjisi`c Isajoid kxtrkoists j`m dg`mgì`c tkrrgrist jdts. Tgok dritids,

tlkrkegrk, succkst tljt lk is misi`ckùgus, j`m siopay j`gtlkr dgvkrt

subvkrsivk jck`t, wgrfi`c tg eurtlkr ogrk kxtrkoist jios> j fi`m ge

Isajoid ]rgnj` Lgrsk, wgrfi`c js pjrt ge j ;tl Dgauo` tg eurtlkrdiviaisjtig`ja niljm. Lis jppjrk`tay dg`trjry stjtkok`ts i` j`y djsk mg

aittak tg eurtlkr trust, akt jag`k lis misti`dtig`s egr j rkegrokm Isajo. Lis

dg`trjry dgook`ts gày tk`m tg liclaiclt tlk mieeiduatiks i` bri`ci`c jbgut

rkegro, kvk` ie i`mivimujas jppkjr k`tlusijstid tg tlk djusk.

Skstkr` cgvkròk`ts ljvk jasg bkk` djutigus. I` :995, Erj`dk rkeuskm

k`try tg Rjojmj`, bkdjusk ge lis jaakckm tiks tg Jackrij` Isajoid

tkrrgriso6 gtlkr rkpgrts succkst tljt lk ljs dg``kdtig`s tg ja-Zjkmj. ]lk

Mkpjrtok`t ge Lgokaj`m Tkdurity rkdk`tay prkvk`tkm lio ergo k`tkri`c

tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks tg tjfk j prksticigus jdjmkoid pgst.

Rjojmj`’s jobicugus rkdgrm ak`ms sgok drkmk`dk tg lis dritids tljt lis

`gtig` ge j rkegrokm Isajo is `gtli`c ogrk tlj` j mkdkptig` strjtkcy tg

eurtlkr Isajoid tgtjaitjrijìso. I` tlis dg`tkxt, tlk dg`dkpt ge Kurgpkj`

Isajo ljs dkrtji` pjrjaakas witl tlk Kurg-Dgoouìso ge j ck`krjtig`

kjraikr. Jt tljt tiok tlk sg-djaakm Kurg-Dgoouìsts oji`tji`km tljt

Dgoouìst pjrtiks ge Skstkr` Kurgpk ljm bkdgok i`mkpk`mk`t ge tlk

Tgvikt [ìg` j`m misdjrmkm tlkir Ttjaiìst wjys. Nkj`-Erj`ãgis Rkvka

rkeutkm bgtl dajios i` j :93< jrtidak i` ‑Egrkic` Jeejirs‟.



:42

]g mjtk `g`-Ousaio pgaitidja akjmkrs ljvk `gt put egrwjrm j`y spkdieid

visig` egr j Kurgpkj` Isajo, but tlkir pgaidiks dakjray k`visig` tlk

jssioiajtig` ge tlkir crgwi`c Isajoid pgpuajtig`s i`tg tlk kxisti`c

pgaitidja j`m sgdija grmkr. ]lis jssuoptig` i`vitks akcja, sgdija j`m duaturja

prgbakos i` ogmkr` skduajr sgdiktiks, j`m is pjrtiduajray prgbakojtid

dg`simkri`c tlk i`trj`sick`dk ge Isajo j`m tlk slieti`c j`m rjtlkr erjciak

pgaitidja j`m duaturja prgcrkssig` i` Kurgpk.

G`k issuk wlidl liclaiclts tlk prgbako, i` tlis rkcjrm, ljs bkk` tlk

Erk`dl bj` g` tlk linjb. ]lis ljs ck`krjtkm oudl dritidiso witli` Erj`dk

j`m jbrgjm ergo Isajoid riclts crgups spkdieidjaay.

Sliast it oiclt jppkjr js ie Erj`dk is okrkay dljopigì`c its mkogdrjtid

riclts js j skduajr rkpubaid, tlk Erk`dl cgvkròk`t ljvk ojmk sicìeidj`t

dg`dkssig`s tg its crgwi`c Ousaio dgoouìty tljt succksts wkjf`kss j`m

suboissig`. J djpituajtig` eurtlkrkm i` tlk jok ge Kurgpkj` j`m K[ j`m

[@ luoj` riclts. Egr kxjopak, tlk skduajriso ajw pjsskm i` :98;

prglibits cgvkròk`t suppgrt egr rkaicigus i`stitutig`s. I` pri`dipak,

pubaid eu`ms dj` bk uskm gày egr tlk oji`tk`j`dk ge kxisti`c rkaicigus

ejdiaitiks, but gvkr tlk ajst eivk ykjrs, Xjris ljs pkroittkm tlk usk ge

cgvkròk`t eu`ms egr tlk dg`strudtig` ge oj`y `kw ogsquks j`m Ousaio

dk`trks.

J`gtlkr dg`dkssig` ljs bkk` j` jddkptj`dk ge wgrslip i` gutmggr pubaid

spjdks. ]lis prjdtisk wjs g`dk egrbimmk`, bki`c prjdtiskm gày jt lgok, i`

j ogsquk gr j sy`jcgcuk, ktd. wliast rkdgcìsi`c tlk riclt ge erkkmgo egr

i`mivimujas tg prjdtisk witli` tlksk rkstridtkm pkrioktkrs.

It slguam bk `gtkm tljt Ousaio pubaid ejdiaitiks prjdtidjaay mim `gt kxist i`

Erj`dk wlk` tlk skduajriso ajw wjs pjsskm. It is, lgwkvkr, j` g`cgi`c

ajw vikwkm js eu`mjok`tja tg wljt Erk`dl sgdikty k`tjias i` prjdtisk. @gw

lgwkvkr, witl tlk pgpuajtig` jt rguclay skvk` oiaaig`, Isajo dg`stitutks



:44

tlk skdg`m ajrckst rkaicigus dgoouìty i` Erj`dk, j`m tlk stridt

i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk skduajriso ajw is `gt bki`c kègrdkm. Dgopaij`dk

j`m ekjr tg oji`tji` sgdija grmkr, rjtlkr tlj` tgakrj`dk j`m eakxibiaity

dguam kvk` bk tlk djusk.

Sljtkvkr tlk djsk, it rkeakdts j sliet i` jttitumk j`m j dlj`ck i` tlk pgaidy

ge skduajriso ejvguri`c tlk Erk`dl Ousaio dgoouìty by tlk Erk`dl

cgvkròk`t. Ojss prjykr cjtlkri`cs jrk `gw pkroittkm g` tlk strkkts,

j`m pjrts ge ditiks ljvk kvk` bkk` tur`km i`tg prglibitkm jrkjs, bj`ì`c

`g`-Ousaio ditizk`s, tg ejdiaitjtk gpk` jir strkkt wgrslip. <9 Sliast tlis is

iaakcja, it sicìeiks jdquiksdk`dk i` tlk `jok ge tgakrj`dk. It is j` jttitumk

wlidl dg`trjsts witl tlk bj` g` rkaicigus syobgas i` pubaid sdlggas tljt

sgok skk js j` jeerg`t tg pkrsg`ja erkkmgo. ]lk drkjtig` ge j pubaid sjdrkm

spjdk rkskrvkm egr Ousaios gày (jabkit tkopgrjriay), wliast rkstridti`c

`g`-Ousaio Erk`dl ditizk`s jddkss tg sjim pubaid jrkjs is j sicìeidj`t

dg`dkssig`. It is `gt i` fkkpi`c witl Erj`dk’s Rkpubaidj` skduajr vjauks

lgwkvkr, `gr i`mkkm tlkir ajws.

Jt akjst sgok Erk`dl Ousaios ljvk kxprksskm j wiaai`c`kss tg gpkrjtk

witli` tlk ajw. Tglkib Bk`dlkifl, tlk Oueti ge Ojrskiaak, egr kxjopak, ljs

stjtkm tljt ‑g`k dj` bk j Ousaio j`m eagurisl i` Erk`dl skduajr spjdk.‟

G`k prksuoks tlis stjtkok`t is `gt okrkay j misi`ckùgus pajy g` wgrms.

It jppkjrs jog`cst sgok i` tlk Ousaio dgoouìty tg bk si`dkrkay ekat. J

Erk`dl Ousaio sdlggacira egr kxjopak qugtkm i` tlk Sjsli`ctg` Xgst sjim

slk wjs prkpjrkm tg rkogvk lkr lkjmsdjre bkegrk k`tkri`c sdlgga ‑ bkdjusk

it is tlk ajw.‟ Jt akjst tlis kxjopak mispajys j wiaai`c`kss tg dgopay

<9 ]lk prglibitkm jrkjs jrk kègrdkm by privjtk skdurity eiros j`m tlk Xgaidk i` Xjris

tk`m tg tur` j bai`m kyk i` spitk ge it bki`c iaakcja. @g`k ge tlis is jddkptjbak jddgrmi`ctg Erk`dl ajw. Tkk lkrk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eX7oezVO1Bk






:4;

Egr Rgy, tlksk rkspg`sks djaa i`tg qukstig` tlk jaakckm dg`trjmidtig`

bktwkk` `jtig`ja imk`tity j`m wljt it okj`s tg bk j Ousaio. It succksts,

lk dajios, tljt Erk`dl Ousaios jrk `gw j crgup ge Erk`dl ditizk`s, wlgsk

bg`ms witl gtlkr Erk`dlok` gvkrrimk tlkir ai`fs witl Ousaios gutsimk ge

Erj`dk.9: But it is dakjr i` sudl aioitkm djsks tljt tlk missipjtig` ge sudl

agyjatiks rksts g` j` imkj ge wljt it is tg bk Erk`dl tljt oust rkoji`

eu`mjok`tjaay strg`c but is i` rkjaity pajdkm i` j slieti`c duaturja j`m

pgaitidja k`virgòk`t. It jasg rjtlkr ic`grks tlk ejdt Isajoid imk`tity getk`

trj`sdk`ms `jtig`ja imk`tity.

Rgy’s imkj ge Ousaio jssioiajtig` rkquirks j strg`c sk`sk ge `jtig`ja

imk`tity. It mgks sg tg ùaaiey tlk tlrkjt ge j`y eu`mjok`tja gr rjmidja

strji` ge Isajo kokrci`c i` Kurgpk. Dakjray j`y usurpjtig` ge `jtig`ja

imk`tity wguam tlk` lkrjam misjstrgus dg`skquk`dks egr j`y Kurgpkj`

Isajo tg jssioiajtk suddksseuaay js tli`cs prgcrkss.

]lk risk ge tlk Kurgpkj` [ìg` i` tlis is j mkstjbiaisi`c ejdtgr. It is

durrk`tay iopgsi`c j ‑Kurgpkj`‟ imk`tity j`m tlk dg`dkpt ge j ‑Kurgpkj`‟

mkogs upg` its (i` oj`y qujrtkrs) rkaudtj`t ditizk`s. ]lis dakjray

rkprksk`ts j tlrkjt egr j`y `gtig` ge duaturja dglksig`, stjbiaity j`m pkjdk

i` Kurgpk i` tlk i`tkrio.

@jtig`ja imk`titiks, witl j` kstjbaislkm listgry j`m duaturk, prgvimk jt

akjst tlk oiìouo rkquirkok`t egr sgdija stjbiaity egr tlk mispjrjtk

pkgpaks ge Kurgpk, j`m jt akjst sgok skobaj`dk ge j` gutsimk dlj`dk tg

9: @jtig`ja imk`tity mgks `gt eicurk egr oj`y ‑Britisl‟ Ousaios, lgwkvkr, jddgrmi`ctg j Xkw Cagbja Xgaa j`m succksts j wgrryi`c trk`m. Rkskjrdl g` tlk jttitumks geOusaio skae-imk`tity jog`cst Britisl Ousaios rkspg`mkm witl tlk egaagwi`c> Sljt mg

ygu dg`simkr ygurskae eirst7 J ditizk` ge ygur dgu`try 3%6 j Ousaio <:%. Tk`sk ge Isajoimk`tity jog`c Ousaios i` ygur dgu`try> Ukry/Ejiray strg`c 32%. Is Isajo imk`tityjog`c Ousaios i` ygur dgu`try crgwi`c7 Yks 33%. Is crgwi`c Isajo imk`tity cggm gr

bjm7> Cggm <5%. Tkk sioiajr stjtistids lkrk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W726rS2mg0






:45

jdlikvk duaturja jssioiajtig` ge ktlìd j`m rkaicigus crgups. @jtig` stjtks

prgvimk tlk sgdija j`m duaturja tkopajtk, j`m j stjbiaity tljt is `gtjbay

ajdfi`c i` j`y crkjtkr, ogrk j`g`yogus, pgaitidja suprj`jtig`ja

grcjìsjtig` tljt skkfs tg supkrskmk tlko, gr jatkr, gr missipjtk tlko i`

sgok sk`sk. ]lk K[’s prgcrjook drkjtks j vjduuo ge `jtig`ja j`g`yoity

j`m rksk`tok`t i` its wjfk. @jtig`ja imk`tity is akss mieeusk tlj` j pgaitidja

suprj`jtig`ja sk`sk egstkrkm by tlk pgaitidjaay mrivk` imkj ge wljt it okj`s

tg bk ‑Kurgpkj`‟. But i` j`y djsk, tlk vjduuo drkjtkm, witl j`y sliet ergo

tlk `jtig`ja tg tlk Kurgpkj`, is g`k tljt i` itskae djusks mieeiduatiks j`m

kxjdkrbjtks duaturja i`stjbiaity, jaik`jtig`, mispkrsig` j`m divia u`rkst.

Jt prksk`t tlk mkogdrjtid mkeidit rksimi`c jt tlk lkjrt ge tlk K[, j`m tlk

missipjtig` ge `jtig`ja cgvkròk`t’s dg`stitutig`ja pgwkrs, jmm tg tlk

sk`sk ge `jtig`ja dgèusig` j`m iopgtk`dy, u`mkroiì`c i` tur` `jtig`ja

vjauks j`m j`y sk`sk ge `jtig`ja imk`tity. J` kvgautig` wlidl i` tur` g ay

kxjdkrbjtks tlk risk ge j pgssibak euturk drisis, tlk prgpjcjtig` ge Isajoid

eu`mjok`tjaiso ergo witli`, j`m i`drkjsks tlk aifkailggm ge duaturja

erjcok`tjtig` j`m tkrrgriso g` lgok sgia.

Is tlk tkro ‑oji`strkjo ogmkrjtk Ousaio‟ g`k tljt `kcjtksrkegro js j` gxyogrg`7

]lk pgaitidjaay dgrrkdt mkeiìtig` ge j ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Ousaio ljs bkk` g`k

ajrckay djst i` wkstkr` tkros js j lgamkr ge tlk Isajoid ejitl, wlg ykt mgks`gt skkf tg iopgsk, by jdts ge tkrrgriso, ljro g` gtlkrs, j`m/ gr mgks `gt

skkf tg subvkrt gur i`tkrksts j`m vjauks. ]lis, lgwkvkr, is j wkstkr`

pkrspkdtivk tljt ejias tg u`mkrstj`m tlk `kkm egr rkegro ge bjsid pri`dipaks

witli` tlk ejitl itskae6 ajrckay bkdjusk it vikws Isajo tgg tgakrj`tay tlrgucl

tlk priso ge Dlristijìty, aibkrjaiso j`m ogrja rkajtiviso. I` tlis, tlk

bjsid pri`dipaks jssuoi`c tgakrj`dk, egrcivk`kss j`m agvk egr gtlkrs jrk

vjauks `gt `kdkssjriay dgoog` tg Isajo, j`m kvk` ie i`tkr-ejitl



:43

dgèkrk`dks oiclt skkf tg prgvimk dgoog` crgu`m, tlk kopljsis g` tlk

pgaitidja vjauks ge tlk Skst, j vjauk systko tljt Dlristijìty i` its ogmkr`

ojìekstjtig`s ljs i`drkjsi`cay kobrjdkm, dkrtjiày prgvimks j` jaik` j`m

rjtlkr dg`trjsti`c pkrspkdtivk tg sljrij. Jaa tlis i`vitks rknkdtig` j`m

missk`t.92

Egr tlk ogst pjrt wk dg`simkr j Ousaio tg bk ogmkrjtk wlk` tlky mg `gt

gvkrtay dg`mg`k, jmvgdjtk, gr pjrtidipjtk i` vigak`t niljmi jdts. I` gtlkr

wgrms, j bkaikvkr is ogmkrjtk wlk` lk jdts i` j pjdieist, j ‑Dlristij`‟, gr j

‑rkaicigus‟ gr ‑spirituja‟ ejslig`. But sudl j `gtig` rjtlkr tk`ms tg

dgèusk pjssivity witl pjdieiso by jssuoi`c tlgsk Ousaios wlg jrk `gt

92 Isajo bkaikvks i` tlk jbsgautk vjauks ge tlk Zur’j`. ]lksk vjauks bki`c jbsgautk jrkdg`simkrkm tg bk tlk ‑trutl‟. It tlkrkegrk dj``gt jddkpt witl cggm dg`sdik`dk j`yrkajtivk vikws, gr dgèaidti`c vikws tljt oiclt bk kspguskm by j` jatkr`jtivk ejitl sudljs Dlristijìty. It oiclt tgakrjtk vjrigus i`tkrprktjtig`s ge its gw` pri`dipaks byOusaio tlkgagcij`s tlkoskavks, but it wiaa `gt j`m dj``gt jddkpt tlk Dlristij` dj`g`js kqujaay mivi`k gr vjaim, jt akjst ie tlksk vjauks gr pri`dipak bkaikes dgèaidt witl tlkir

gw`. ]lk Dlristij` `gtig` ge Nksus j`m Cgm js pjrtiduajr kxjopaks dj``gt bku`mkrstggm js j`ytli`c jfi` tg tlk ‑trutl‟ ge tlk Zur’jìd dg`dkptig` ge Nksus j`m

Jaajl. I`mkkm, tlksk i`tkrprktjtig`s jrk j bajsplkoy ge tlk sg djaakm ‑trutl‟, wlidl issuppgskmay mkrivkm ergo Jaajl j`m rkdgrmkm i` tlk lgay Zur’j`. It is by virtuk ge tlkZur’j` bki`c dg`simkrkm tlk rkvkajtig` ge Jaajl tg Ogljookm tlk Xrgplkt, bgtl jstlk grici`ja j`m ei`ja rkvkajtig`, tljt it is dg`simkrkm tg bk tlk jbsgautk j`m ei`jajutlgrity. ]lis rkvkajtig` is `gt Ogljookm’s ‑gpiìg`‟ ge Jaajl, it is tlk rkvkjakmtrutl ge Jaajl. It is tlkrkegrk jbsgautk j`m suprkok.

But tlk Dlristij` vikw ge Nksus j`m Cgm is ojrfkmay mieekrk`t ergo tlk Isajoid vikw,j`m lkrki` aiks tlk prgbako kvk` egr i`tkrejitl dggpkrjtig`. Egr i` lgami`c sudl jdkrkog`y i` j Dlristij` dlurdl, tlk aibkrja dakrcy jdtivkay u`mkroi`k f`gwi`cay grgtlkrwisk tlkir gw` ejitl bjsk j`m tlk sj`dtity ge tlkir gw` Dlristij` bkaikes.

I`tkrejitl dggpkrjtig` i` tlis is prgbakojtid egr Dlristijìty i` tur`. Dlristij`s jrksuppgskm tg bkaikvk i` tlk g`k truk agvi`c Cgm j`m Nksus wjs suppgskm tg bk Cgm g`Kjrtl. I` tlis tlky jrk tlky jddkpti`c tlk Isajoid Jaajl, wlidl ojy ljvk its grici`s i`Tkoitid tribjaiso, but ogrk pkrti`k`tay tlky jrk prgogti`c i` tlkir dlurdlks j rkaicig`tljt mgks`’t bkaikvk tljt Nksus wjs Cgm. Egr Ousaios Nksus wjs `gt tlk jbsgautkOkssijl, but j luoj` prgplkt wlg wjs `gt kvk` drudieikm g` tlk drgss. ]lksk jrk tlkdg`trjry bkaikes ge tlk Zur’j` tg tlk @kw ]kstjok`t. ]lkrk is j wgram ge mieekrk`dktlk` bktwkk` erkkay jaagwi`c gtlkr rkaicig`s tg prjdtisk tlkir ejitl j`m i`viti`c tlkskrkaicig`s i`tg g`k’s gw` pajdk ge w grslip tg prgogtk tlkir dg`trjry bkaikes j`m vjauks.It is i` keekdt u`mkroiì`c Dlristij` bkaike.



:4<

jdtivkay vigak`t bkaikvk i` pkjdk j`m i` tlis jddkpt tgakrj`dk ge gtlkrs ejitl

systkos j`m pgaitidja vjauks. Sitl tlis mkeiìtig` ge `g`vigak`t jdtiviso,

j sicìeidj`t ùobkr ge Ousaios oiclt wkaa jppkjr ogmkrjtk, but

prjdtitig`krs wlg bkaikvk oiclt gt kdkssjriay bk sg i` tlkir lkjrts. Tgok

ojy kvk` dg`simkr tlkir suppgrt ge niljm i` its ogrk rjmidja ojìekstjtig`s

dj` bkst bk skrvkm tlrgucl tlk mkdkptig` ge jdti`c pkjdkeuaay, i` grmkr tg

strk`ctlk` tlk imkgagcidja djusk ge Isajo i` tlk ag`c tkro. Gtlkrs oiclt

skkf tg dg`tributk ei`j`dijaay. Sliast u`mgubtkmay tlk ag`c-tkro k`m is

pkjdk, it is tlk` pkjdk k`tirkay g` Isajo’s tkros.

Dakjray j ajrck pkrdk`tjck ge Ousaios jrk ‑`goi`ja‟ gr duaturja Ousaios,

i` tlk sk`sk tljt tlky jrk `gt euaay f`gwakmckjbak jbgut tlkir ejitl, `gr

euaa prjdtitig`krs ge tlkir ejitl6 aifk oj`y K`caisl ok` j`m wgok` oiclt

wkaa bk tkrokm ‑`goi`ja Dlristij`s‟, i`jsoudl js tlky mg `gt prjdtisk,

prjy, gr jttk`m dlurdl, j`m ykt tkro tlkoskavks Dlristij`s i` sgok

brgjmkr duaturja sk`sk.

I` rkspkdt tg rkaicigus dg`vkrsig`, lgwkvkr, tlkrk is j tk`mk`dy tg suppgsk

tljt tlk ogrk mkvgut tlk bkaikvkr bkdgoks, tlk ogrk iookrskm i` tlk

pri`dipaks ge tlk ejitl tlky bkdgok. ]lky tlk` skkf tg k`jdt its ktlids,

vjauks j`m dgooj`ms i` tlkir kvkrymjy aivks tg j crkjtkr kxtk`t. I` rkspkdt

tg Isajo, tlky bkdgok ogrk mkmidjtkm tg tlk tkjdli`c ge tlk Zur’j`, tlk

Ljmitl, j`m tlk kmidts ge tlk sljrij. ]lky jspirk tg prjdtisk, j`m i` sgok

vkry rkja sk`sk tlk ogrk tlky prjdtisk tlk ogrk eu`mjok`tja j`m

i`trjdtjbak tlky bkdgok. I` tlis rkaicigus dg`vkrsig` rkquirks tlky wiaa

skkf tg k`jdt `gt nust tlk dgrk pri`dipjas ge Isajo i` tlkir aivks, but tlk

wlgak ge tlk ajw j`m its kmidts j`m prkdkpts egr tlk sjfk ge tlk wgram.



:49

I` tlis djsk, tlk ogst iookrskm j`m mkvgut dguam kjsiay bk ajbkaakm `gt

nust ‑eu`mjok`tja‟ but ‑cggm‟, js ogrk tlj` gtlkrs tlky k`jdt tlk

tkjdli`cs ge wljt tlky dg`simkr tg bk tlk Isajoid dgrpus js j eu`mjok`tja

ge wljt ogrjaity k`tjias j`m tlky skkf tg i`tkrprkt tlk kmidts ge niljm gr

tlk sljrij i` j oudl ogrk aitkrja j`m rkstridtivk sk`sk bkdjusk ge tlis,

irrkspkdtivk ge tlk vjauks ge tlk wkstkr` sgdikty j`m duaturk it dg`trjsts

witl. I` tlis, tlky jrk ejr ogrk prgjdtivk j`m j`titlktidja tg tlk `g`-

bkaikvi`c Skst js j rksuat, j`m dkrtjiày akss gpk` oi`mkm tlj` tlgsk

`goi`ja ‑Ousaios‟ wlg by tlkir pjssivity jrk dg`simkrkm ajdfi`c i` tlk

ktlgs ge wljt it okj`s tg bk j ‑truk‟ bkaikvkr, but ogrk iopgrtj`tay j‑cggm‟ Ousaio.

I` tlis jrcuok`t tlk`, tlk bkst Ousaio is tlk eu`mjok`tjaist j`m g`k wlg

euaay bkaikvks j`m prjdtidks tlk listgrid tkjdli`cs ge tlk Isajoid imkgagcy

tg ‑sajy tlk u`bkaikvkr‟ js it prksdribks i` surj jt tjwbjl ‑js tlky sajy us‟

i` tlk ogst aitkrja sk`sk. ]lgsk tkjdli`cs jrk dkrtjiày `gt ‑ogmkrjtk‟ i`

j`y aitkrja rkjmi`c tljt oudl is dakjr.

Eu`mjok`tjaiso i` Isajo i`drkjsi`cay i`vitks aitkrjaiso. Eurtlkrogrk, it

rkquirks `gt nust j` ktlid ge `g`-vigak`dk, but nustieiks vigak`dk i` tlk

`jok ge tlk rkaicig`, i` grmkr tg prgpjcjtk its ogrk ogrja vjauk systko.

J`y `gtig` j`titlktidja tg tlis succksts j`y ‑Ousaio‟ js j pjssivk bkaikvkr

is i` ejdt ‑jsakkp‟ j`m jasg `gt js ogrja js tlk prjdtitig`kr. ]lky,

tlkrkegrk, siopay `kkm tg bk jwgfk` tg tlk vjauk ge tlk trukr j`m ogrk

ogrja djusk j`m pkrspkdtivk wlidl is Isajo. I` sgok sk`sk, js i` jaa

dg`vkrsig` rkaicig`s, tlkir ejitl ljs tg bk rkbgr` i` tlkir lkjrts, j`m tlis

is jdlikvkm tlrgucl ekrvk`t prjdtisk j`m mkkp stumy. ]lis is `gt vikwkm js

i`mgdtri`jtig`. It is siopay rkjeeiroi`c j`m rkturì`c tg tlkir grici`ja

stjtk js j truk Ousaio. Sliast tlis is getk` spgfk` ge js j` jeeirojtig` ge



:=8

ogrja tkjdli`cs j`m tlkir truk i`dai`jtig`, tlk ktlgs bgr` ge mkkp

iookrsig` ekkms aitkrjaiso j`m eu`mjok`tjaiso j`m dj``gt rkjmiay bk

skpjrjtkm ergo wljt it okj`s tg bk j bkaikvkr i`vgavkm i` j lgay wjr bgtl

witl tlkoskavks js wkaa js gtlkrs. ]lis is pjrtiduajray jaic`km jcji`st j`y

wlg gppgsk its vjauk systko tgmjy. Sljtkvkr tlk spkdieids ge tljt ‑lgay

wjr‟ gr ogrja drusjmk oiclt k`tjia. 94

]lk tkro Isajoist is getk` uskm tg misti`cuisl jdtivk, vigak`t, oiaitj`t

‑Ousaios‟ ergo i`jdtivk ‑ ogmkrjtk Ousaios‟. But i` tlis tlk ‑ogmkrjtk‟,

it dguam bk jrcukm, is siopay g`k wlg (js ykt) ljs ejiakm tg euaay crjsp tlkeuaa mgdtri`ja tkjdli`c ge Isajo j`m wljt it okj`s tg bk euaay jdtivk i` tlk

ejitl. I` tlis, tlk vjrigus tkros> ‑Isajoist‟, ‑Isajoiso‟, ‑eu`mjok`tjaist‟,

‑ogmkrjtk‟, bkdgok j qukstig` ge tlk mkcrkk ge dgopaij`dk tg Isajo, j`m

`gt siopay j misti`dtig` i` tkros ge tlk i`tkrprktjtig` j`m prjdtisk. ]lk

mkcrkk ge truk iookrsig` i` rkaicigus prjdtisk dgook`surjtkay k`tjias j`

i`drkjsi`cay aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk tkxts, but tlis `jturjaay k`tjias

eu`mjok`tjaiso tljt nustieiks vigak`dk.

I` tlis, j misti`dtig` bktwkk` `goi`ja Ousaios j`m prjdtidi`c Ousaios

dj` bk ojmk, wliast jdf`gwakmci`c tljt dritids ge tlk jrcuok`t oiclt

94 Isajo tkjdlks tljt kvkryg`k is Ousaio jt birtl bkdjusk kvkry dliam tljt is bgr` ljsj `jturja i`dai`jtig` tg cggm`kss j`m tg wgrslip tlk g`k truk Cgm jag`k, but tlkpjrk`ts gr sgdikty dj` djusk lio/lkr tg mkvijtk ergo tlk strjiclt pjtl. Js tlk XrgplktOuljoojm rkputkmay sjim> ‑@g bjbk is bgr` but upg` Eitrj (js j Ousaio). It is lispjrk`ts wlg ojfk lio j Nkw gr j Dlristij` gr j Xgaytlkist.‟ (Tjlil Ousaio, Bggf 844,@uobkr 5=25). Tkk jasg lkrk. Slk` sgokg`k jddkpts Isajo, lk/slk is dg`simkrkm tgrkvkrt tg tlk grici`ja dg`mitig`. Sliak dg`vkrsig` tg Isajo is jog`c its ogst suppgrtkmtk`kts, dg`vkrsig` ergo Isajo tg j`gtlkr rkaicig` is, lgwkvkr dg`simkrkm tg bk j`jpgstjsy. I` skvkrja Ousaio ojngrity dgu`triks, jpgstjsy is ge dgursk subnkdt tg tlkmkjtl pk`jaty gr lkjvy pu`islok`ts, tlgucl tlk Zur’j` stjtks (Ja-Oj'imjl ;>42) tljt>‑ wlgkvkr fiaas j sgua u`akss egr j sgua gr egr dgrruptig` Vmg`k_ i` tlk aj`m - it is js ie lkljm saji` oj`fi`m k`tirkay. J`m wlgkvkr sjvks g`k - it is js ie lk ljm sjvkm oj`fi`mk`tirkay .‟

http://www.islam101.com/dawah/newBorn.htm






:=:

jddusk it ge geekri`c j dgèajtig` ge wljt Isajo js gppgskm tg Isajoiso

rkjaay is. But i` tlis jrcuok`t, Isajoiso is `gt j qukstig` ge

oisrkprksk`tkm imkgagcy, but ogrk j qukstig` ge tlk mkcrkk ge iookrsig`

j`m dgopaij`dk tg tlk ktlgs ge wljt Isajo truay is, jt akjst i` j aitkrja

sk`sk. Is tlis nustieikm j`m is wjr `kdkssjriay nustieikm js j rksuat ge

iookrsig` i` tlk aitkrja7

J`mrkw Bgstg` rkvkjas i` lis pikdk Isajoist gr Isajoid79=> Ajyjrm’s

`jrrjtivk mkog`strjtks lgw i` oim-:9tl dk`tury pjraj`dk, ‑Isajoiso‟

j`m ‑Isajo‟ wkrk sy`g`yogus, j`m wkrk okj`t tg bk kquivjak`t tg‑Djtlgaidiso‟, ‑Xrgtkstj`tiso,‟ j`m ‑Numjiso‟, `gt tg ‑rjmidja‟ gr

‑eu`mjok`tjaist‟ skdts ge j`y ge tlksk rkaicig`s. Ogrkgvkr, tlrgucl jt

akjst tlk oim-:9;8s, sdlgajrs mkvgtkm tg tlk egroja stumy ge Isajoid

mgdtri`k j`m listgry wkrk stiaa rkekrrkm tg js ‑Isajoists‟.

]lk dg`tkopgrjry wkstkr` gbskssig` tg rkdjst tlk tkros ‑Isajoiso‟ j`m

‑Isajoist‟ js mk`gti`c ‑ioogmkrjtk‟ rjmidja Isajo is dakjray j ogmkr`

misti`dtig`. ‑Isajoiso‟ j`m ‑Isajo‟, ‑Isajoist‟ j`m ‑Isajoid‟ jrk agcidjaay

i`dg`sistk`t misti`dtig`s. ]lky gbsdurk iopgrtj`t trutls jbgut pjst

Isajoid listgry, its mgcojtid j`m oiaitjry trjmitig` ge dg`qukst6 its

k`sajvi`c ge oiaaig`s6 its durrk`t aitkrja kopljsis j`m ktlgs, j`m its

prksk`t ogrk uìegro ìsus tg iopakok`t cagbja mgoiìg` i` its ogrk

wimksprkjm oji`strkjo ojìekstjtig`s. 9;

9= J`mrkw Bgstg` dajios> ‑Isajo is Isajo‟ j`m j`y eurtlkr rkmkeiìtig` is kssk`tijaaypgi`takss. Tkk lkrk.

9; ]lk wimksprkjm jojacjojtig` j`m mkeiìtig` ge its ktlgs i` j ogmkr` dg`tkxtjppkjrs js tlk :998 Djirg Mkdajrjtig`, gr ‑[ìvkrsja Mkdajrjtig` ge Luoj` Riclts iÌsajo‟ (`gtk it is `gt ‑Isajoiso‟). ]lis wjs mrjetkm j`m rjtieikm by jaa tlk Ousaiookobkr `jtig`s ge tlk Grcjìsjtig` ge tlk Isajoid, `gt ‑Isajoist‟, Dgèkrk`dk. ]lis isj ;3-stjtk dgaakdtivk, wlidl i`daumks kvkry Isajoid `jtig` g` kjrtl. ]lk GID tlus

http://www.andrewbostom.org/blog/2009/11/12/islamism-or-islam%E2%80%94islamist-or-islamic/






:=2

]lk qugtk lkjmi`c tlis wgrf is by ]urfky ’s XO Krmgcj`, wlg i`sists tljt

egr Ousaios tlk tkro ‑ogmkrjtk Isajo‟ is ‑ucay j`m geek`sivk‟, j`m ‑Isajo

is Isajo‟. ]lis kssk`tijaay misoissks js j `g`-misti`dtig` tlk dg`dkpt

wlidl Xrgcrkssivks dai`c tg egr tlkir pgaitidja prgnkdts j`m egr tlk sjfk ge

Ousaio jssioiajtig` i` Skstkr` sgdikty tgmjy. Js Xjokaj Ckaakr jsskrts i`

rkspkdt tg tlis issuk>

‑ Siaa tlis bk misdusskm i` tlk Skstkr` okmij7 Siaa Jokridj` j`mKurgpkj` j`jaysts pubaiday tjfk up tlk qukstig` ge wlktlkr gr `gt

Krmgcj` is riclt, j`m wljt tlk iopaidjtig`s oiclt bk ie lk is7 Gr wiaatlky ic`grk tlis j`m dg`tiùk tg jssuok i` jaa tlkir j`jaysks tljt tlkgppgsitk is truk, j`m tg misoiss js "imkgagcuks" gr "Isajogplgbks"tlgsk wlg pgi`t gut tljt ièauk`tija Ousaios aifk Krmgcj` jrk sjyi`ctli`cs aifk tlis7 Slidl dgursk mg ygu tli`f tlky'aa dlggsk7 Siaa Skstkr` akjmkrs tlk` bkci` misdussi`c pgaitidja Isajo j`m itsiopaidjtig`s gpkày7 Gr wiaa tlky ic`grk tlis j`m dg`tiùk tgprktk`m tljt Isajo ljs `g i`lkrk`t gr trjmitig`ja pgaitidja dljrjdtkr,gr ie it mgks, it is ièiìtkay ojaakjbak j`ywjy, j`m dj` bk ojssjckm witlgut mieeiduaty i`tg sgoktli`c dgopaktkay bkìc`7‟95

]lk subvkrsivk strjtkcy ge ja-tjqiyyj js j ‑ayi`c egr tlk oissig`‟ ge Isajo

j`m tlk gddurrk`dk ge ‑Tummk` Niljm Ty`mrgok‟ mgks `gt lkap tg bri`c

trust gr dajrity tg j`y `gtig` ge rkdg`diaijtig`, `gr mgks tlk misti`dtig` ge

Isajoiso jdt js j pjaaijtivk tg tlgsk tljt ei`m it gbnkdtig`jbak j`m j

bajsplkoy ge wljt Isajo kssk`tijaay is. 93

rkprksk`ts tlk k`tirk Ousaio cagbja dgoouìty j`m is tlk ajrckst si`cak vgti`c bagd i`tlk [ìtkm @jtig`s.

95 Tkk Xjokaj Ckaakr i` rkspkdt tg tlksk dgook`ts. Tkk jasg Ogsjb Ljssj` Yguske wlg rkdgu`ts lis dg`vkrsig` tg Dlristijìty jetkr rkjaisi`c Isajo itskae is kssk`tijaay vigak`t.

93 ]lk tkro Isajoist js uskm by Mjìka Xipks j`m gtlkrs tg rkekr tg tlk summk`trj`segrojtig` ge j ogmkrjtk Ousaio i`tg g`k wlg dgooits jdts ge vigak`dk gr tkrrgris dakjray i`jddurjtk j`m tg sgok Ousaios geek`sivk dg`simkri`c Krmgcj`’s

http://pamelageller.com/2009/12/the-true-Islamists.html/#sthash.POqrGwZD.dpuf

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/2613399/Mosab-Hassan-Yousef-son-of-Hamas-leader-becomes-a-Christian.html



http://pamelageller.com/2009/12/the-true-Islamists.html/#sthash.POqrGwZD.dpuf



:=4

It is j paji` ejdt tljt, i` j`y aitkrja rkjmi`c, tlk Zur’j` dg`tji`s lu`mrkms

ge vkrsks tljt skrvk js tlk bjsis egr ejsdist tk`mk`diks, j suprkojdist

iopkrjtivk, j`m egr egstkri`c i`tgakrj`dk tg wgok`, Dlristij`s, Nkws, g`-

bkaikvkrs j`m lgogskxujas tljt oj`y mg ei`m gbnkdtig`jbak. Tiopay

ic`gri`c tlksk issuks wiaa `gt bri`c jbgut rkegro, gr ojfk luoj` riclts

i`nustidks nustieikm i` tlkir `jok cg jwjy. Ogrkgvkr, oj`y prkdkpts skrvk

js tlk bjsis egr tkrrgrist jdts pkrpktrjtkm i` j spkdieid wjy tlkoskavks.

Sitli` tlk Zur’j` j`m Ljmitl jrk ùokrgus vkrsks ge vigak`dk tg dut gee

bgmiay pjrts jaa tgg ejoiaijr i` tgmjy’s `kws lkjmai`ks. Jaa tlis nustieiks vigak`dk j`m jdts ge wjr js j ogrja drusjmk. 9<

rkojrfs. But ie tlk` Isajo is i`mkkm Isajo, tlk eu`mjok`tjaist j`m vigak`t strji`dakjray oust jrisk ergo g`k ge twg situjtig`s>

:) Slk` j egrokray ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Ousaio bkdgoks ogrk iookrskm i` lis rkaicig`, bkdgoi`c ogrk mkvgut j`m ogrk f`gwakmckjbak jbgut tlk listgridja tkjdli`c j`mkmidts ge lis rkaicig`. ]lk mkvgut bkaikvkr wiaa tlk` agwkr lis gr lkr rksistj`dk tgdgooitti`c vigak`t jdts, ogtivjtkm by tlk djaa tg vigak`t Niljm. ]lis plk`gok`g` is‑Tummk` Niljm Ty`mrgok.‟

2) Slk` j` jppjrk`tay ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Ousaio `g ag`ckr skkfs tg limk tlkir truk bkaikesj`m i`tk`t tlrgucl keekdtivk prjdtidk ge ‑tjqiyyj‟ (sj`dtig`km mkdkit) j`m ajtkr mkdimkstg bk lg`kst. ]lk prjdtitig`kr tlk` akts g`- bkaikvkrs gr ièimkas f`gw wljt tlky rkjaaytli`f tlrgucl tlk prjdtidk ge vigak`t Niljm, usujaay i` its kxtrkok kxprkssig` js suidimk

bgobi`c, gr sgok fi`m ge tkrrgrist jdt.

]lis jrcuok`t, it is i`strudtivk tg `gtk, prgpgu`ms tljt js Ousaios bkdgok ogrkmkvgut, tlky tk`m tgwjrm crkjtkr vigak`dk. Slkrkjs js Dlristij`s bkdgok ogrkmkvgut, tlky tk`m tgwjrm crkjtkr pikty j`m crkjtkr tk`mk`dy tg prgogtk `g`-vigak`dkj`m prjykr. ]lis is dljrjdtkristid ge jaa gtlkr rkaicig`s jasg bjrri`c Isajo. Lgwkvkr,tlis jrcuok`t ojfks `g pgssibiaity ge tlk ogrja miok`sig` gr pliagsgplidja mkbjtk

wlidl dguam gvkrrimk j`y aitkrja rkjmi`c ge j`y sudl vigak`t prkdkpts i` rkspkdt tgIsajo. It mgks lgwkvkr rkprksk`t oudl ge tlk durrk`t vjauk systko js it is prksk`tayj`m ogrk dgoogày prjdtiskm i` rkspkdt tg eu`mjok`tja Isajo.

9<

Tkk vjrigus vkrsks LKRK LKRK j`m LKRK j`m LKRK.

https://sites.google.com/site/islamicthreatsimplified/moderate-muslim




https://sites.google.com/site/islamicthreatsimplified/jihadwhat-is-it

https://sites.google.com/site/islamicthreatsimplified/taqiya--islam-doctrine-of-deceit-to-further-islam

http://www.faithfreedom.org/Quran.htm


http://www.letusreason.org/islam12.htm


http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Quran/023-violence.htm

http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Quran/023-violence.htm


http://www.letusreason.org/islam12.htm


https://sites.google.com/site/islamicthreatsimplified/taqiya--islam-doctrine-of-deceit-to-further-islam

https://sites.google.com/site/islamicthreatsimplified/jihadwhat-is-it




:=5

I` tlis vikw, witl its aitkrja rkjmi`c ge tlk tkxts, it dj` i`mkkm bk dajiokm

tljt tlk dg`dkpt ge tlk ‑oji`strkjo ogmkrjtk Ousaio‟ is g`k wlidl is j`

gxyogrg`. But it dj``gt bk rkjsg`km ie g`k nustieiks j `g`- aitkrja

pkrspkdtivk j`m j paurjaity ge pkrspkdtivks. ]lk misti`dtig`, tlk`, `kkm `gt

`kdkssitjtk mrjwi`c j strg`c mkojrdjtig` bktwkk` j dgooittkm Ousaio

wlg i`drkjsi`cay bkdgoks vigak`t tlk ogrk tlky suboit tg Isajo, j`m j

ogmkrjtk wlg nust ljppk`s tg bk ogrk skduajriskm j`m wkstkrìskm. @gr

`kkm it iopay tljt iookrskm Ousaios dgooittkm tg tlk ejitl oust

`kdkssjriay kobrjdk ogrk vigak`dk ie tlky kobrjdk tlk wlgak ge tlkZur’j`6 js Jlojmiyyj slgws tlis is j qukstig` ge dgu`tkrbjaj`dk,

i`tkrprktjtig`, dg`tkxt j`m kopljsis.

Tkkfi`c sj`dtujry i` j `g`-aitkrja jaakcgridja jpprgjdl is, lgwkvkr,

i`drkjsi`cay mieeiduat tg nustiey wlk` sgok pjssjcks djaa gutriclt egr tlk

sajyi`c j`m bklkjmi`c ge tlk `g`-bkaikvkrs i` dakjr j`m spkdieid tkros. :8:

I` rkspkdt tg tlis, it jasg bkdgoks i`drkjsi`cay mieeiduat tg nustiey wlk`

pubaid prg`gu`dkok`ts by ièauk`tija eicurks sudl js Rkdkp ]jyyip

Krmgcj` jppkjr tg kopljsisk j djaa egr vigak`dk. ]lk Xrksimk`t ge

tlk ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Isajoid `jtig` ge ]urfky (j tkro lk pkrsg`jaay ei`ms

`g`sk`sidja j`m geek`sivk) ljs sjim>

‑G`k dj``gt bk j skduajrist j`m j Ousaio jt tlk sjok tiok. ]lkOusaio wgram is wjiti`c egr ]urfisl pkgpak tg risk up. ]lk ogsquks

:8: But tlis jrcuok`t is misi`ckùgus jasg i` tkros ge its jsskssok`t i` quj`titjtivkrjtlkr tlj` qujaitjtivk tkros ge wljt it okj`s tg bk j mkvgut Ousaio. Lgw oj`yDlristij`s j`m Nkws jrk gbaickm tg jddkpt jaa tlk vkrsks ge tlk Bibak, gr k`jdt tlko7 Ietlky mim tlky tgg wguam bk gbaickm tg bkdgok vigak`t, stg`k tlrgwi`c wgrslippkrs egrkvkry driok gr i`misdrktig`. Dlristij`s oiclt kvk` ekka gbaickm tg misdgu`t tlk pjdieisoge Dlrist’s dgooj`m ‑Akt lio wlg is witlgut si` djst tlk eirst stg`k‟. Eurtlkr, tlisi`tkrprktjtig` ejias i` its i`sistk`dk tljt mkvgut Ousaios `kdkssjriay i`tkrprkt tlkZur’j` i` tlk sjok aitkrja wjy. Lgw oj`y prjdtisi`c Dlristij`s j`m Nkws tgg jrk

numckm by sudl uègrcivi`c stj`mjrms7

http://www.jihadwatch.org/2007/09/turkeys-pm-erdogan-the-term-moderate-islam-is-ugly-and-offensive----islam-is-islam.html














:=3

jrk gur bjrrjdfs, tlk mgoks gur lkaokts, tlk oi`jrkts gur bjyg`kts,j`m tlk ejitleua gur sgamikrs...tlis lgay jroy cujrms oy rkaicig`.‟

Egr dritids tlis djaa tg ‑risk up‟ is k`gucl prgge ge its mj`ckrs. But sudl

dritids jasg `gtjbay ejia tg i`tkrprkt lis rkojrfs i` j` jaakcgridja, purkay

spirituja, ejitl dk`trkm oj``kr. Lis djaa ojy siopay bk `g ogrk oiaitj`t

tlj` tlgsk bjttak driks tljt wkrk sg pgpuajr jog`cst Dlristij` jdtivists ge

58 ykjrs jcg i` tlk Tjavjtig` Jroy tljt prgdajiokm egr bkaikvkrs tg bk

‑G`wjrm Dlristij` sgamikrs ojrdli`c js tg wjr.‟> j djaa tg wi` j ogrja

bjttak egr tlk sjfk ge si``kr’s sguas.

Lis dajios, lgwkvkr, slguam bk tjfk` skrigusay, j`m ie aitkrja, jppkjr tg

vkkr tg j` jmoissig` ge j ogrk mj`ckrgus eu`mjok`tjaiso witli`

oji`strkjo Isajo itskae.:82 I` tlis, tlk`, ‑g`k dj``gt bk skduajr j`m j

Ousaio jt tlk sjok tiok‟ j`m mkogdrjdy is `g ogrk tlj` j vklidak tg ckt

wljt is rkquirkm. Js Or Krmgcj` stjtks> ‑ Ygu rimk it u`tia ygu jrrivk jt

ygur mksti`jtig`, tlk` ygu stkp gee.‟

]lis akjmkr ge j` geeidijaay mksic`jtkm ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Ousaio `jtig` mkdajrks

Isajo oust ièauk`dk j`m dg`trga jaa ejdkts ge aiek. Mkogdrjdy is gày j

okj`s tg j` k`m, tlk k`m bki`c Isajoid ajw, j`m wjr slguam bk uskm tg

ejdiaitjtk it. ]lkrk is i` tlis vikw `g ogmkrjtk gr ioogmkrjtk Isajo, j`m

mkogdrjdy is `g ogrk tlj` j okj`s tg tlk iopakok`tjtig` ge sljrijajw. But tjfi`c lis dajios g` ejdk vjauk, tlis is siopay tlk djaa egr j

tlkgdrjtid tyrj``y, ie j aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` ge sljrij ajw is jmgptkm, j`m

j rjtlkr pubaid dgèkssig` egr g`k sudl js lk, tljt ljopkrs pgsitivk

rkajtig`s witl tlk rkst ge Kurgpk j`m tlk wkstkr` wgram.

:82 Ogst Ousaios i` ]urfky jrk Tu`ìs, egroi`c jbgut 32%, j`m Jakvis ge tlk Tlijmk`goi`jtig` egro jbgut 2;% ge tlk Ousaio pgpuajtig`. ]lkrk is jasg j ]wkavkr Tlijdgoouìty rkprksk`ti`c 4% ge tlk Ousaio pgpuajtig`.



:=<

Egr tlgsk ge j ogrk ck`krja j`ti-Isajoid pkrsujsig`, wliast oj`y jddkpt

tlkrk jrk i`mkkm `goi`ja, ‑ogmkrjtk Ousaios‟, Isajo j`m its imkgagcy

wlgaksjak is stiaa vikwkm js j crkjt mj`ckr. ‑Ogmkrjtk Ousaios‟ i` tlkir

vikw jrk siopay wkstkrìskm j`m siopay akss mkvgut, akss i`vgavkm, gr ogrk

aufkwjro tg tlk ajws j`m gbaicjtig`s ge tlkir ejitl, wlidl rkoji`s i` its

eu`mjok`tjas mkkpay eajwkm j`m mj`ckrgus.

Sliast tlk ogmkrjtks dguam bk pkrdkivkm js `gt bki`c euaa prjdtitig`krs ge

Isajo, tlk jck`mj tljt skkfs tg dgkrdk tlko tg tlk djusk is j` kvkr-prksk`ttlrkjt. But i` tlis jrcuok`t agcidjaay tgg, j`ti- Isajoid djopjic`krs jrk

tgg getk` i` pgi`t ge ejdt j`ti- Ousaio jmvgdjtks> by virtuk ge oj`y ljvi`c

j mksirk tg ùaaiey Isajo wlgaksjak, muk tg its u`mkrayi`c (egr tlko) rjmidja

kmidts6 egr g`k dj``gt bk j ‑Ousaio‟ j`m gt prjdtisk Isajo tg sgok mkcrkk

tlky rkjsg`.

I` tlis jrcuok`t, lgwkvkr, i` grmkr tg euaay sjtisey tlk mkeiìtig` ge j

‑ogmkrjtk Ousaio‟, g`k oust bk g`k ge tlgsk wlg mg `gt kvk` prjdtisk

euaay jt jaa j`m oust kssk`tijaay uplgam gày wkstkr` imkjas j`m vjauks. Ykt

by tlis rkdfgì`c tlkrkegrk, it bkdgoks ogrk j`m ogrk jppjrk`t tljt tlk

truk ùobkr ge ogmkrjtk ‑Ousaios‟ oust agcidjaay bk `gt nust `goi`jas

but zkrg. :84 It oiclt kvk` akjm tg tlk qukstig` lgw dj` j duaturja Ousaio

kvk` djaa tlkoskavks js sudl, wlk` tlky mg `gt kvk` bkaikvk tlk vjauks ge

:84 Lkrk is j` jaa tgg dgoog` kxjopak ge j Ousaio dgaakck stumk`t wlg jppkjrs tg bktypidja. Js j okobkr ge tlk Ousaio Ttumk`t’s Jssgdijtig` slk jsfs Mjvim Lgrgwitz jqukstig` muri`c j Ygu`c Jokridj`s egr Erkkmgo egruo okkti`c jt tlk [ìvkrsity geDjaiegrìj Tj` Mikcg. I` tlk prgdkss ge j`swkri`c lkr qukstig`, Or. Lgrgwitz jsfs lkrj qukstig` dg`simkri`c tlk nustieidjtig` ge tkrrgrist jdts j`m lkr suppgrt ge tlko. Lkrktlk qukstig`kr j`swkrs Lgrgwitz qukstig`.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fSvyv0urTE






:=9

tlk Isajoid tkxts7 ]lky oiclt tlk` skkf tg misputk tljt j`y pkrsg`

dajioi`c sudl j misti`dtig` is i` ejdt siopay spkjfi`c misi`ckùgusay.

]lk tkro ogmkrjtk duaturja gr `goi`ja ‑Ousaio‟ i` tlis vikw is vkry

oudl j ois`gokr, egr it siopay rkquirks g`k tg bk `gt gày j `g`-

prjdtitig`kr ge tlk Isajoid ejitl, but g`k sg dgopaktkay jddkpti`c ge

wkstkr` vjauks tljt tlk tkro Ousaio itskae bkdgoks j` irrkakvj`dk wlidl

`kkm `gt kvk` bk uskm. But tlis jasg pjvks tlk wjy egr i`tgakrj`dk j`m

prknumidk ge j`y witl sudl ejoiay bjdfcrgu`ms j`m dkrtjiày ge jt akjst

sgok bkaikvkrs wlg jasg oiclt nustieijbay dajio tg bk ogmkrjtkprjdtitig`krs.

Oi`meua ge tlksk prgbakos oj`y skkf misti`dtig`s, by kopagyi`c j

aj`cujck stiaa struccai`c tg jddgoogmjtk tlk kvimk`t dg`trjmidtig`s j`m

mieeiduatiks. Egr kxjopak, dg`simkr tlk rkojrfs ge Oidljka B. Oufjsky :8=,

wlg ljs jsskrtkm>

‑Ei`jaay, dg`simkr Or. Bkrck`’s jsskrtig` tljt “oji`strkjo Isajo’ isrknkdti`c ja Zjkmj j`m tljt tlk 9/:: jttjdf wjs “u`-Isajoid’, j numcok`t tljt ejias twidk gvkr, i`daumi`c g`dk g` lis gw` kvimk`dk.Ie by ‑oji`strkjo Isajo‟ Or. Bkrck` okj`s ogmkrjtk Isajo, tlkrkis `g sudl tli`c. ]lkrk jrk oj`y ogmkrjtk Ousaios, but tlkrk issiopay `g bgmy ge mgdtri`k witli` Isajo tljt prgvimks j pri`dipakm bjsis egr dg`mkoì`c tlk 9/:: jttjdfs.‟ (Tkk lkrk).

I` tlis, Oufjsky ojfks it dakjr tljt Bkrck`’s jssgdijtig` ge ‑oji`strkjoIsajo‟ witl ‑ogmkrjtk Isajo‟ is j ejaajdy . ]lkrk jrk oj`y ogmkrjtk

Ousaios lk dajios, but tlkrk is siopay `g bgmy ge mgdtri`k witli` Isajo

tljt prgvimks j` ktlgs egr dg`mkoì`c jdts ge tkrrgriso. Lk tlk` pivgts

:8= Tkk lis rkvikw i` tlk Sjaa Ttrkkt Ngur`ja (22 Njùjry 28::) ge twg bggfs g` tlk Sjr g` ]krrgr> ‑Jokridj’s Ogst Sj`tkm> ]wg `kw bggfs jbgut tlk wjr g` tkrrgr sjytljt Gsjoj bi` Ajmk` ljs jdlikvkm lis cgja j`m wk ljvk`’t.‟

http://onlinewsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703583404576079930494332352.html






:;8

tg tlk dajio tljt wliast tlkrk is `g sudl tli`c js ‑ogmkrjtk‟ Isajo, wk dj`

ykt stiaa spkjf ge oj`y oiaaig`s js ‑ogmkrjtk Ousaios‟. Slktlkr tlksk

jrk prjdtitig`krs, gr `g`-prjdtitig`krs, `gt kvk` bkeitti`c ge tlk `jok, is

`gt j` jrcuok`t lk skkfs tg kaudimjtk.

]lk tkro ‑ogmkrjtk Ousaio‟ lkrk jppkjrs i`drkjsi`cay tg bk j wkstkr`

dg`strudt imk`tieyi`c j pjrtiduajr duaturja typk, but it ljs `g kquivjak`t

plrjsk i` dg`tkopgrjry Jrjbid. It is bkttkr, tlkrkegrk, tg usk tlk

tkroi`gagcy tljt is durrk`t i` tlk dg`tkopgrjry Jrjb-Ousaio wgram sudl

js ‑rkegroist‟, ‑skduajr‟, gr ‑ogmkr`‟ tg mk`gtk j ogvk tgwjrms j akss

aitkrja ‑`g`-Isajoid‟ oi`mskt jrisi`c js j rkspg`sk tg `kw duaturja

k`virg`ok`ts. ]lis, lgwkvkr, rjtlkr jssuoks tlk tkro Ousaio stiaa

bkaikvks i` Isajoid vjauks tg sgok mkcrkk. I` ogmkr` wkstkr` sgdiktiks

lgwkvkr, sgok wlg prgekss tlkoskavks tg bk jtlkist ykt ojy stiaa imk`tiey

tlkoskavks js ‑duaturja‟ Ousaios tljt ljrmay ejaa i`tg tlis djtkcgry. I`

tlis, tlkrkegrk, tlk kpitlkt ‑Ousaio‟ itskae is i`drkjsi`cay uskm i` `kw

dg`tkxts. I` tlis tgg tlk Jrjbid-aj`cujck wkbsitks rguti`kay pgst jrtidaks

tljt bgamay j`m dritidjaay i`tkrjdt j`m prgogtk j ogrk aitkrja dajssidja

rkjmi`c ge Isajo tg `kcjtk j`y sudl ogmkr` tk`mk`diks. :8;

:8; www.kajpl.dgo. Sliast sgok tli`fkrs j`m writkrs mg lgpk egr j luoj`k vkrsig`ge Isajo tljt is dgopjtibak witl tlk ogmkr` wgram, tlk vkrmidt ge tlk ajst :=88 ykjrs,tlk sprkjm ge Tjajeiso j`m tlk subnucjtig` j`m pkrskdutig` ge pkjdkeua pkrspkdtivksj`m skdts (keekdtivkay durtjiai`c tlkir i`eauk`dk) akssk`s tlk dlj`dk tljt tlis wiaa kvkr

bk rkjaiskm js j ‑oji`strkjo‟ pkrspkdtivk.

http://www.elaph.com/





:;:

Tkdtig` ]wg

]lk Djsk egr Rkegro

Durrk`tay, tlk pgaitidja miok`sig` ge Isajo is js oudl j` i`midjtgr ge its

ktlgs js tlk rkaicigus. I` tlis, bgtl kakok`ts rkprksk`t tlk bgmy wlidl is

Isajo. Listgridjaay, tlkrkegrk, tlkrk is aittak rkjsg` tg tli`f tljt its ekjturks

ge vigak`t nurisprumk`dk, ekojak supprkssig` j`m tgtjaitjrij` mgoi`jtig`

jrk `gt prksk`t i` vjryi`c mkcrkks witli` tlk imkgagcidja vjauks ge wljt it

okj`s tg bk j prjdtisi`c bkaikvkr tgmjy. ]lis, tlkrkegrk, is js oudl pjrt ge

Isajo’s M@J js tlk spirituja pjtl tljt prgekssks tg lkap tlk i`mivimuja

jdlikvk ogrja pkrekdtig`.

]krrgriso tgg is j` i`tkrwgvk` strj`m. Lgw tlk` is g`k tg jmmrkss tlis

prgbako ge skkoi`cay dgèaidti`c but i`tkrtwi`km iopkrjtivks7 Dkrtjiày,

j` k`koy dj``gt bk mkekjtkm okrkay by vikwi`c tlko js ‑ok`tjaay iaa‟ gr

siopay ‑ag`k wgavks‟ wlk` tlky jrk getk` ièauk`dkm by j ejitl dgoouìty

j`m gr j rjmidja ktwgrf ge kxtrkoists djaai`c tlkoskavks bkaikvkrs i` tur`.

]lky jrk `gt tlk` siopay dgèi`km tg drjzkm j`m isgajtkm i`mivimujas. J`

k`tirkay `kw jpprgjdl, tlkrkegrk, ljs tg bk jmgptkm. ]lis is rkquirkm i`

grmkr tg bkttkr u`mkrstj`m bgtl tlk `jturk ge tlk ejitl j`m gur rkspg`sk

tg its rjmidja dgopg`k`ts. Rkegro i` tlis sk`sk rkquirks j dlj`ck i` gur

jttitumks tg wljt kxjdtay Isajo is, js wkaa js j dlj`ck i` gur rkspg`sks tg

it. ]lis sliet i` tur` wiaa bkttkr lkap dgu`tkrjdt tlk tkrrgriso j`m

rjmidjaiso ljrbguri`c i` its oimst. :85

:85 Rkegro ogvkok`ts ljvk gddurrkm bkegrk, but i` sgok i`stj`dks prgoptkmeu`mjok`tjaiso. Tjajeiso (Sjlljbiso) sguclt tlk purity ge eu`mjok`tjaiso, but



:;2

It is i`sueeidik`t siopay tg vikw tkrrgriso js j sojaa prgbako, k`tirkay

skpjrjtk ergo Isajo. It is j` iaa`kss gr ojajmy i`tiojtkay i`tkrtwi`km

witli` it j`m ljs dljrjdtkriskm tlk prgpjcjtig` ge tlk ejitl listgridjaay js

wjr j`m dg`qukst ergo its i`dkptig`. I` j`y djsk, wkstkr` cgvkròk`ts

prksk`tay k`cjckm i` jttkopti`c tg qujsl tlk tlrkjt ge ITIT i` Tyrij, egr

kxjopak, wiaa `gt put j` k`m tg Isajoid tkrrgriso jt lgok siopay by

mkekjti`c tlis sojaa k`koy i` sgok jaik` agdjtig`6 tlk tlrkjt is ejr ogrk

wimksprkjm j`m i`mkkm is i`drkjsi`cay rkdgcìskm js j mgokstid g`k.

Jt its lkjrt is j pjrtiduajr imk`tity bgr`k ergo j ejitl wlidl kxkrts j

pgaitidja, duaturja j`m sgdija ièauk`dk, j`m wlidl f`gws `g bgu`mjriks

j`m rkdgcìsks `g bgrmkrs i` tlk euaeiaok`t ge its cgjas. Rjmidja eri`ck

oi`gritiks jrk getk` tjrcktkm. ]lky jrk bajokm usi`c tlk siopak rkjsg`

tljt tlky jttjdf us bkdjusk tlky ‑ljtk gur erkkmgos‟ j`m usk tkrrgriso tg

nustiey tlkir okj`s. ]lis vikw, lgwkvkr, tk`ms tg mgw`pajy tlk ogrk

witl j dg`skrvjtivk grtlgmgxy tljt misputkm tlk mkvkagpok`t ge pliagsgplidja

trjmitig`s j`m jaakcgridja i`tkrprktjtig`. Jlojmiyyj, g` tlk gtlkr lj`m, rkprksk`tkmj `kw rkegro witl j` kopljsis g` tlk euaeiaok`t ge euturk prgplksy. ]lis pkrspkdtivkprgvimks j` kxjopak ge tlk prgbakos ejdkm by j`y euturk keegrt tg rkegro egr pkjdkeuapurpgsks, js it ljs gày akm tg j ljrmkì`c stj`dk jcji`st tlko ergo gtlkri`tkrprktjtig`s j`m sdlggas sudl js tlk Tu`ì, Tlij j`m Tjajei pjrtiduajray6 j rkjdtig`tljt ljs i`mudkm kvk` ogrk rjmidja geeslggts i` tur`, j`m kvk` ogrk vigak`tdg`skquk`dks jcji`st bgtl Ousaios j`m `g`-Ousaios jaifk.

Ie j`y kw rkegro ogvkok`t is tg bk suddksseua, it is dakjr tljt truay ogmkrjtk Ousaiosoust priojriay tjfk rkspg`sibiaity j`m imk`tiey j`m uprggt tlk kxtrkoists tlkoskavks

witli` tlkir oimst. ]lk Jlojmmiyj ljvk slgw` tlk wjy i` rkspkdt tg j spiritujaiskmmgdtri`ja kxkcksis ge tkxts but ljvk bkk` gstrjdiskm by oj`y Isajoid stjtks bkdjusk geit. Ie tlis is tlk euturk egr j`y `kw rkegro ogvkok`t ge tlk ejitl tlk` tlk euturkdkrtjiày aggfs vkry bakjf6 js i`tgakrj`dk, pkrskdutig`, rkstridtig` g` tlk erkkmgo tgprgskaytisk j`m prjdtisk, j`m kvk` mkjtl, ljvk bkk` dgoog` rkjdtig`s wlkrkvkr

Jlojmis ljvk aivkm. J ogmkr` rkegro i` jttitumks i` wkstkr` mkogdrjtid stjtks,tlkrkegrk, is ogrk aifkay tg tjfk lgam, js pkrskdutig` dj``gt bk rkjmiay nustieikm j`makcja j`m numidija prgtkdtig`s jrk ogrk tgakrj`t ge i`mivimuja riclts. Kmudjtig`jarkegro prgcrjooks i` tlis jrk akss aifkay tg bk qujslkm j`m ojy kxkrt j ogrk keekdtivkièauk`dk tlj` ie tlk prgnkdt wjs eagjtkm i` j` Isajoid ojngrity stjtk, wlgsk vjaukstgwjrms sljrij dgopaij`dks jrk jarkjmy wkaa kstjbaislkm j`m tlk ièauk`dk ge wkstkràibkrja, wljt oiclt bk tkrokm wkstkrìskm vjauks, is skvkrkay durtjiakm. Slktlkr tlisi` ejdt is wkadgoi`c skdtjrij` vigak`dk i`tg mkogdrjtid sgdiktiks rkoji`s tg bk skk`. It

wguam ogst aifkay gddur js j rkvgat jcji` wkstkr vjauks witlgut rkegro i` j`y djsk.



:;4

oji`strkjo kxtrkok j`m vigak`t iopkrjtivks ljrbguri`c witli` Isajo

itskae. J`y jpprgjdl, tlkrkegrk, rkquirks j` u`mkrstj`mi`c ge lgw jt akjst

tlk ktlids ge dg`qukst, prgskaytisjtig` j`m Isajo’s `gtig`s ge j` jetkraiek

rkwjrm (sgtkrigagcy) rkiègrdk tlk `gtig` ge tkrrgriso js j suppgskmay nust

j`m tlkrkegrk ogrja jdt.

]lksk ejdtgrs jag`k prgvimk j ekrtiak crgu`m by wlidl j rjmidja

i`tkrprktjtig` is bki`c listgridjaay rkjeeirokm, ùrturkm, sustji`km j`m

prgpjcjtkm. Gày wlk` tlis mieeiduaty is kobrjdkm, erkk ergo tlk

aioitjtig`s ge pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss, dj` Isajo truay bk purckm ge its rjmidja

kakok`ts j`m tlk mieeiduat, but oudl `kkmkm prgdkss ge pgaitidja j`m sgdija

rkegro kvk` bkci` tg suddksseuaay tjfk lgam. ]lk rksuat wguam bk j akss

sljrij dk`tkrkm, vjauk ajmk` kopljsis, wlidl ckùi`kay kopljsisks tlk

`kdkssity ge pkjdk js j spirituja j`m ogrja rkquirkok`t.

]lk `kkm egr rkegro aiks i` j rkdgcìtig` by tlk Skst ge lgw Isajoiso is

i`tiojtkay i`tkrtwi`km witl ogrk oji`strkjo Isajoid pkrspkdtivks. Lgw

oj`y Ousaio dgoouìtiks jrk bki`c kxpagitkm, ièauk`dkm j`m uskm (bgtl

f`gwi`cay j`m u`f`gwi`cay) tg eurtlkr tlk ogrk kxtrkoist kakok`ts.

Eurtlkrogrk, it rkquirks j sliet i` rkspkdt tg prksk`t skdurity okjsurks,

wlidl ck`krjaay rkspg`m jetkr tlk ejdt, by iopakok`ti`c j ogrk prgjdtivk

jpprgjdl tg sjekcujrm aivks.

Turvkiaaj`dk is prksk`tay tlk jpprgjdl, but durrk`tay 4;88 f`gw` Isajoid

tkrrgrists jrk pkroittkm tg rkoji` i` tlk [ìtkm Fi`cmgo. Egur lu`mrkm

ljvk bkk` durrk`tay pkroittkm tg rktur` ergo Tyrij. Bksimks pgsi`c j`

iookmijtk tlrkjt tg tlk pubaid jt ajrck, tlky jasg pgsk j tlrkjt tg Isajoid

dgoouìtiks, wlg ojy bk rjmidjaiskm i` tur` by tlksk kxtrkoist

i`mivimujas. ]lk tlrkjt, tlkrkegrk, slguam `gt okrkay bk tgakrjtkm j`m

mkjat witl by survkiaaj`dk, but kxdiskm witl mkpgrtjtig` j`m

ioprisgòk`t. ]lksk okjsurks jt akjst wiaa k`surk dgoouìtiks (bgtl



:;=

Ousaio j`m `g`-Ousaio) wiaa bk prgtkdtkm ergo tlk kxtrkoists tljt skkf

tg mg bgtl dgoouìtiks ljro.

Eu`mjok`tjaiso i` jaa ge tlis jasg `kkms tg bk vikwkm js jrisi`c js j

pgaitidja j`m duaturja plk`gok`g`, `gt siopay j` j`gojay. It k`tjias j

rkjeeirojtig` ge tlk ejitl muk tg wkstkr` i`dursig`s i` tlk Oimmak Kjst,

but jasg tlk i`jbiaity ge ouatiduaturjaiso tg jssioiajtk mispjrjtk

dgoouìtiks i`tg j `jtig`ja imk`tity. ]lksk ejdtgrs jrk ùrturi`c j

crgwi`c tlrkjt tljt is rjmidjaisi`c kvk` tlgsk ge ogrk oji`strkjo

pkrspkdtivks. Misjcrkkok`ts js tg wlg gr wljt is tg bajok jrk getk` rjiskm

i` misputks egr pgaitidja jmvj`tjck, but jaa ejdtgrs slguam bk tjfk` g` bgjrm

ie j pkjdk is tg bk brgfkrkm. ]lk `kkm egr pkjdk is prkssi`c j`m tlis ykt

k`tjias tlk my`joiso j`m rkvgautig`jry dlj`ck ge rkegro. Dg`trjry egrdks

tlkrkegrk `kkm tg bk bjaj`dkm witl jpprgprijtk rkspg`sks.

J sliet, bgtl ge tlk ejitl j`m i` tkros ge tlk Skst’s jttitumk js tg wlg j`m

lgw tlk k`koy gpkrjtk, jrk dakjray priok ejdtgrs i` tlk kqujtig`. Rkegro

is mkspkrjtkay rkquirkm, but lgw tlis dj` bk jdlikvkm wlk` sudl okjsurks

oiclt tjfk mkdjmks ie `gt ck`krjtig`s tg jdlikvk wlk` aivks jrk

i`drkjsi`cay jt risf is j prgbako `gt rkjmiay sgavkm. ]lk ck`krja tk`mk`dy

ge pgaitidja akjmkrs i` tlk Skst prksk`tay is tg mkeusk vigak`dk by `gt

rgdfi`c tlk bgjt, but tlk ag`c-tkro prgbakos dj``gt sjtisejdtgriay bk

rksgavkm witlgut tlk iopakok`tjtig` ge rjmidja dlj`ck tljt i`vitks

turogia i` tlk i`tkrio js j` i`kvitjbak rkjdtig`.

I` rkspkdt tg skdurity it rkquirks j rjmidja dlj`ck i` pgaidy iookmijtkay. I`

rkspkdt tg tlk ejitl, dakjray (i` ajrck pjrt muk tg its mispjrity) j rkegro

ogvkok`t tlrgucl kmudjtig` strjtkciks tljt ièauk`dk i`mivimujas wiaa

prgbjbay gày bk keekdtivk gvkr j ùobkr ge ck`krjtig`s, j`m it wiaa

prgbjbay (i` tlk i`tkrio) `gt bk keekdtivk k`gucl tg prkvk`t tlk mkjtl ge

oj`y ogrk tlgusj`ms ge aivks js j dg`skquk`dk.



:;;

]lk listgrid mieeiduatiks ge rkegroi`c ‑Isajo‟ i`tg j truayogmkr`, oji`strkjo ogmkrjtk Isajo

]lk mieeiduatiks bksktti`c tlk rkegro ge Isajo ljvk rkdurrkm tlrguclgut its

ag`c listgry. Jttkopts by Ousaio i`tkaakdtujas tg bri`c jbgut j sy`tlksis

bktwkk` Isajoid mgdtri`k j`m rkjsg` i` j ogrk luoj`k sy`tlksis ljvk

ajrckay ejiakm j`m bkk` gvkrrimmk`. J` kxjopak bki`c tlk Ou’tjziaitks ge

Bjclmjm muri`c tlk 9tl dk`tury. ]lkir vikws wkrk pgpuajr egr sgok tiok,

bkegrk tlk stridt sdlgga ge Tu`ì Isajo kvk`tujaay prkvjiakm. ]lkgagcidja

j`m nurimidja eikams stjc`jtkm egr jaogst j tlgusj`m ykjrs> j pkrigm f`gw`js tlk ‑]lk Dagsi`c ge Bjb ja-Intiljm‟. J`y jttkopt tg jmlkrk tg tlk

rjtig`jaiso ge tlk Ou’tjziaitks js j dg`skquk`dk wjs rkcjrmkm witl

suspidig`, j`m j`y ogvk i` tljt mirkdtig` j` jpgstjsy. :83

Kjray i` tlk :9tl dk`tury, rkegro ogvkok`ts mim bkci` tg jppkjr i` Kcypt,

but tlksk wkrk ajrckay j rksuat ge ièauk`dks jrisi`c ergo tlk Erk`dl j`m

Britisl prksk`dk. Rkegrokrs rkjaiskm tlk crkjt cjp skpjrjti`c tlkir

Ousaio wgram ergo tlk tkdl`gagcidjaay jmvj`dkm diviaisjtig` ge Kurgpk

:83 Mr. jfi @jcuib Ojlogum (:98;-:994), g`k ge tlk akjmi`c eicurks i` ogmkr` Jrjbidpliagsgply i` ‑]lk Rjtig`ja j`m tlk Irrjtig`ja i` Gur Duaturja Lkritjck‟ jasg imk`tieiks

Ja Cljzzjai js j pivgtja eicurk i` tlk stjc`jtig` ge Isajo j`m its pktrieidjtig` i`grtlgmgxy tljt gtlkrs oiclt ei`m j prkskrvjtig`. I qugtk>

‑Ei`jaay, i` gur survky ge tlk Isajoid duaturja lkritjck, wk rkjdl tlk crkjt eicurkge Ja-Cljzzjai (mikm i` :::: J.M.) Lk rkprksk`ts j pgwkreua rkjdtig`jry egrdk i`tlk listgry ge Isajoid tlguclt. Ja-Cljzzjai’s ièauk`dk g` tlk Jrjb-Ousaiooi`m j`m duaturk wjs tg erkkzk tlko i` j ogam tljt akm tg stjc`jtig`. I` lis

bggf, Ilyj’ “[aggo ja -Mkk` (]lk Rkvivja ge Rkaicigus F`gwakmck), Ja-Cljzzjai mkei`km kvkry uttkrj`dk j Ousaio ojfks j`m kvkry stkp lk oust tjfk i` grmkrtg cujrj`tkk tlk grtlgmgxy ge lis Isajo. Kvkrytli`c is spkaakm gut egr tlkOusaio> lgw tg kjt, sakkp, trjvka, ekaagwslip witl g`k’s wiek j`m dliam, ktd. @grggo is aket egr j`y spg`tj`kity i` tlk Ousaio's aiek. Ja-Cljzzjai dagskm tlkmggr ge pliagsgply g` tlk Ousaios j`m it rkoji`km dagskm egr kiclt lu`mrkm

ykjrs!‟



:;5

j`m tlis k`tluskm tlk keegrt. Lgwkvkr, wliast jmoiri`c Kurgpk’s

tkdl`gagcidja jdlikvkok`ts, tlky wkrk by tlis tiok `g ag`ckr syopjtlktid

gr i`tkrkstkm i` its Numkg-Dlristij`-Crkkf pliagsgplidja lkritjck, js tlky

ljm g`dk bkk` i` tlk Oimmak Jcks> j Cgamk` Jck ge Isajoid sdlgajrslip,

pjrtiduajray i` rkspkdt tg `kg-Xajtgìd i`tkrprktjtig`, j`m wlidl ljm

pajykm j ojngr rgak i` tlk egu`mi`c ge wkstkr` diviaisjtig`.

Muri`c tlk 28tl dk`tury, `jtig`jaiso crkw jaa gvkr tlk Oimmak Kjst j`m

akm tg eurtlkr jttkopts tg rkegro Isajo> tlk drkjtig` ge tlk skduajr ]urfisl

Rkpubaid bki`c j` kxjopak, wlidl jrgsk gut ge tlk rkoji`s ge tlk ejaak`

Gttgoj` Kopirk. ]lis wjs skk` by rkegro-oi`mkm Ousaios js j

akcitiojtk wjy tg prgcrkss pgaitidjaay. It wjs egaagwkm by gtlkr

i`mkpk`mk`dk ogvkok`ts i` tlk Jrjb wgram> Ousaios j`m Dgpts i` Kcypt,

Dlristij`s j`m Ousaios i` tlk Akvj`t, wlg ngi`km tlkir keegrts tg jdlikvk

i`mkpk`mk`dk ergo Britji` j`m Erj`dk.

Jt tlk k`m ge Sgram Sjr 2, `jtig`jaiso dg`tiùkm tg bk j mgoi`j`t egrdki` tlk Ousaio wgram u`tia tlk oim-:958s. ]lis akssk`km wlk` tlk Jrjb

jroiks wkrk mkekjtkm by Isrjka i` tlk Nu`k :953 wjr. ]ljt mkekjt jaagwkm

egr tlk rktur` ge tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm g`tg tlk pgaitidja sdk`k, witl its

sagcj`> ‑ Ja-Isajo Luj ja-Ljaa‟ (Isajo is tlk Tgautig`!). I` tlis rkspkdt it

is `gtjbak, j`m j strg`c wjrì`c tg tlgsk wlg bkaikvk i` tlk ogmka ge j

Kurgpkjìskm Isajo, tljt j tuc-ge-wjr ljs `gw mkvkagpkm bktwkk`

`jtig`jaist j`m eu`mjok`tjaist Isajoid egrdks i` sudl pajdks js Jackrij,

Kcypt, Irjq, Irj`, Akbj`g`, j`m tlk Cjzj strip i` Xjaksti`k. ]lis succksts

sioiajr pgssibak euturk dgèaidts mkvkagpi`c i` Kurgpk j`m tlk [ìtkm

Ttjtks ie tlk prksk`t mkogcrjplid ièaux, pgaitidja, sgdija j`m duaturja

trk`ms pkrsist. ]lk ]ruop pgaidiks g` kxtrkok vktti`c ergo tkrrgrist-

bjskm dgu`triks is j stjrt j`m j` jttkopt tg durb tlk mj`ckrs. ]lk

kopljsis g` `jtig`ja vjauks j`m tlk ‑Ojfk Jokridj Crkjt Jcji`‟ pgaidiks



:;3

dj` gày ogrk prgmudtivkay ièauk`dk Ousaios i` tlk [T witl tlksk

i`simigus ièauk`dks j`m euturk mj`ckrs durtjiakm.

J`y brike listgridja jpprjisja rkvkjas tljt tlkrk is `g sudl tli`c js‑ogmkrjtk Isajo‟ tljt dj` bk rkjmiay skpjrjtkm ergo its pgaitidja

ojdli`jtig`s. Ergo its kjraikst mjys, Isajo wjs bkskt witl i`tkr`ja

mivisig`s j`m dgèaidts tljt wkrk sgavkm vigak`tay. ]lk eirst egur djaipls

(akjmkrs ge tlk Isajoid [ooj jetkr tlk pjssi`c ge Ouljoojm i` 542 J.M)

jrk djaakm ‑]lk Ricltay Cuimkm Djaipls‟. ]lkir krj (542-55:) lgwkvkr wjs

ojrrkm by j skriks ge jssjssi`jtig`s. [ojr, tlk skdg`m djaipl, wjs

ourmkrkm i` 5==. Lk wjs suddkkmkm by [tloj`, wlg wjs sioiajray

jssjssi`jtkm twkavk ykjrs ajtkr. ]lk` Jai, dgusi` j`m sg`-i`-ajw ge

Ouljoojm, wjs ourmkrkm by g`k ge lis gw` sgamikrs.

]lk listgry ge Isajo is tlk` g`k i`tiojtkay wkmmkm tg pgaitids j`m wjr j`m

js j dg`skquk`dk baggm j`m vigak`dk, jt akjst si`dk its pgst Okddj`

i`dkptig`. ]lk ojrtyrmgo ge Lusji`, tlk sg` ge Jai, j`m akjmkr ge tlkTli’itks, tggf pajdk i` 5<8, jt Fjrbjaj, Irjq. Tkvk`ty ykjrs ajtkr, tlk

[ojyyjm djaipljtk, rkspg`sibak egr tlk fiaai`c ge Lusji` j`m lis

k`tgurjck, k`mkm i` j ojssjdrk. ]lk egu`mkr ge tlk `kw Jbbjsim djaipljtk

wjs f`gw` js ‑ja-Tjeejl‟ tlk ‑Butdlkr‟. Lis suddkssgrs wlg buiat tlkir

djpitja i` Bjclmjm g` tlk ]icris gwkm tlkir suddkss pjrtay tg tlk

dggpkrjtig` ge kakok`ts ge tlk Xkrsij` pgpuajtig` ge tlk kopirk.

Lgwkvkr, sgg` jetkr tlk Jbbjsims ljm dg`sgaimjtkm tlkir pgwkr, tlky tgg

put tg mkjtl skvkrja Xkrsij` akjmkrs.

It oiclt bk dajiokm tljt tlis is tlk pgaitidja dg`tkxt lgwkvkr, j`m wliast

listgry prgvks Isajo tg bk surrgu`mkm by vigak`dk, tlis mgks `gt

`kdkssjriay okj` tlk rkaicig` itskae is vigak`t. Lgwkvkr, tlis dajio dj``gt



:;<

bk kjsiay mkek`mkm, wlk` its Okddj` j`m Okmi`j` kmidts tjfk` js j wlgak

suppgrt vigak`t iopkrjtivks tgg.

Xgaitidja usurpjtig` ljs getk` bkk` nustieikm by rkaicigus kmidts. Slk` tlkOusaio sdlgajr Ib` Ljzo mkjat witl tlk subnkdt ge tlk stjtus ge mlioois

i` Tpji`, egr kxjopak, lk rkekrrkm tg tlk wgrms ge tlk skdg`m djaipl [ojr,

j`m tlk` qugtkm ergo tlk Zur’j` js j bjsis egr tljt gpprkssivk ruak>

‑]lksk jrk tlk Ruaks j`m Rkcuajtig`s tljt wkrk iopgskm by “[ojrib`-ja-Fljttjb g` tlk Dlristij`s ge Tyrij, jetkr dg`qukri`c tlkiraj`m. ]lk purpgsk ge tlksk ruaks wjs tg ojfk tlko suboissivk j`m

dg`tkoptibak. Dlristij`s wkrk i` `g wjy tg kxlibit j`y sic` ge tlkiru`bkaike, gr j`ytli`c egrbimmk` i` Isajo6 si`dk Jaajl, tlk suprkokayCagrieikm j`m Lg`gurkm, ljm sjim (Dljptkr < vkrsk 49)>

‑ J`m eiclt tlko u`tia pkrskdutig` is `g ogrk, j`m rkaicig` is jaa egr Jaajl. But ie tlky dkjsk, tlk` ag! Jaajl is Tkkr ge wljt tlky mg.‟:8<

]lis jcji` is j rkoi`mkr tljt tlk dajio ge Isajoid tgakrj`dk is `gt

suppgrtkm by tlkir jdtig`s, bk it pgaitidjaay gr by tlkir lgay bggfs. Bgtl

splkrks prksk`tay jdt i`tkrmkpk`mk`tay. I`mkkm, tlkrk is `g wjy jrgu`m

tlk ljrm ejdt tljt tlk jbgvk qugtk spkdieidjaay dgooj`ms tgtja subnucjtig`

j`m nustieiks it witl j Zur’jìd kmidt.

]lirtkk` lu`mrkm ykjrs ge ‑mliooitumk‟ wkrk pu`dtujtkm, quitk getk`,

witl skvkrk pkrskdutig` ge Kjstkr` Grtlgmgx Dlristij`s.:89 Kvk`tujaay, tlk

:8< Zur’j` Turjl Ja-Jèja <>49 Xidftljaa’s ]rj`sajtig`. ]lis dljptkr wjs ‑rkvkjakm‟ byCgm i` Okmi`j, j`m its 3; vkrsks jrk rkpaktk witl sajucltkr j`m wjr.

:89 MliooĦ is j tkro rkekrri`c tg `g`-Ousaio ditizk`s ge j` Isajoid stjtk. Mliooisjrk jaagwkm riclts ge rksimk`dk i` rktur` egr tjx dgaakdtkm ergo `g`-Ousaios.

Jddgrmi`c tg sdlgajrs, mlioois ljm tlkir riclts euaay prgtkdtkm i` tlkir dgoouìtiks, but js ditizk`s i` tlk Isajoid stjtk, ljm dkrtji` rkstridtig`s. ]lky wkrk kxduskm grkxdaumkm ergo spkdieid mutiks jssic`km tg Ousaios, mim gt k`ngy dkrtji` pgaitidja ricltsrkskrvkm egr Ousaios, j`m wkrk subnkdt tg pjyok`t ge j spkdija tjx, but wkrk gtlkrwiskkquja u`mkr tlk ajws ge prgpkrty, dg`trjdt j`m gbaicjtig`. [`mkr sljrijl ajw, mliooi



:;9

sticoj ge ‑mliooitumk‟ tljt ljm burmk`km tlk Kjstkr` Dlristij`s wjs

aietkm, tlj`fs tg tlk jaaikm egrdks tljt brguclt tg j` k`m tlk =88-ykjr-gam

dgagìja ruak ge tlk Gttgoj` Kopirk i` tlk Akvj`t. Lgwkvkr, tlk ykjrs ge

erkkmgo ergo mliooitumk mim `gt ajst ag`c j`m pkrskdutig` sgg`

rktur`km. ]lk risk ge Isajoid Tjajeiso okj`t tljt crjmujaay tlk rko`j`t

ge tlk Kjstkr` Dlristij` dgoouìtiks ge tlk Oimmak Kjst bgrk tlk bru`t ge

misdrioi`jtig`, i`daumi`c dgvkrt j`m gvkrt pkrskdutig`.

Mliooitumk, gr k`sajvkok`t ge `g`-bkaikvkrs, ljs bkk` j ck`krja ekjturk

ge tlk Ousaio prksk`dk i` tlk pjst j`m kvk` up tg tlk prksk`t tiok. G`k

ojy rkcjrm tlk divia wjr i` Akbj`g` (ergo :93; tg tlk kjray ì`ktiks) js

j`gtlkr jttkopt by tlk Ousaios tg subnucjtk tlk Dlristij` pgpuajtig` j`m

rgb it ge tlk stjtus it ljm k`ngykm muri`c tlk prksk`dk ge tlk Erk`dl

gddupjtig` (:9:<-:9=5). ]lis is j dljrjdtkristid trk`m. ]lk pkrskdutig` ge

Dlristij`s i` Irjq, Kcypt j`m Tyrij tgg ljs i`drkjsi`cay wgrsk`km ajtkay.::8

Muri`c Dlristojs 28:8, j Dlristij` dlurdl wjs jttjdfkm by Isajoists i`

Bjclmjm, egaagwkm g`k wkkf ajtkr by tlk @kw Ykjr’s Kvk jttjdf g` tlk

Dgptid Dlurdl i` Jakxj`mrij. ]lky stj`m js but twg kxjopaks ge Isajo’s

i`tgakrj`dk ge `g`-Ousaios, pjrtiduajray Dlristij`s, sgok ge wlidl ljvk

akm tg bklkjmi`cs kvk` ge priksts j`m ck`krja jtrgditiks by ITIT ge tlk ogst

jppjaai`c fi`m.

I` Kplrjio Fjrsl’s bggf, ‑Isajoid Iopkrijaiso> J Listgry‟, lk writks>

‑]lk wgrams ge Dlristijìty j`m Isajo… ljvk mkvkagpkm mieekrk`tayi` g`k eu`mjok`tja rkspkdt. ]lk Dlristij` ejitl wg` gvkr j` kxisti`c

stjtus wjs grici`jaay jppaikm tg Nkws, Dlristij`s j`m Tjbij`s. ]lis stjtus ajtkr djok tg bk jppaikm tg ^grgjstrij`s, Oj`mjkj`s, Li`mus j`m Bummlists. Kvk`tujaay, tlkLj`jei, tlk ajrckst sdlgga ge Isajoid akcja tlguclt jppaikm tlis tkro tg jaa g`-Ousaiosaivi`c i` Isajoid aj`ms gutsimk tlk sjdrkm jrkj surrgu`mi`c Okddj i` ogmkr`-mjyTjumi Jrjbij.

::8 I` rkspkdt tg Kcypt skk lkrk. I` rkspkdt tg Irjq> lkrk. I` rkspkdt Tyrij> lkrk.

http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2014/April/Expert-Persecution-of-Egypts-Christians-Not-Over/



http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2014/06/20/religious-cleansing-iraq-christians/


http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2013/July/Catholic-Priest-Beheaded-in-Syria/







:5:

mkdjmk ge Ouljoojm’s mkjtl j vjst kopirk, strktdli`c ergo Irj` tgKcypt j`m ergo Ykok` tg grtlkr` Tyrij, ljm dgok i`tg bki`c u`mkrtlk bj``kr ge Isajo i` g`k ge tlk ogst rkojrfjbak kxjopaks gekopirk-buiami`c i` wgram listgry. Ag`c jetkr tlk ejaa ge tlk Gttgoj`

Kopirk j`m tlk jbgaitig` ge tlk djaipljtk i` tlk wjfk ge Sgram SjrI, tlk ai`f bktwkk` rkaicig`, pgaitids, j`m sgdikty rkoji`s vkry oudljaivk i` tlk Ousaio j`m Jrjb wgram.‟ (p. ;- 5).

]lk durrk`t situjtig` j`m tlk aifkailggm ge rkegro

]gmjy tlk lgay wjr wjckm by Isajo is `gt siopay j dajssid wjr wjckm bktwkk` jroiks j`m `jtig`s, but j cagbja wjr wjckm i` oj`y mispjrjtk

tlkjtrks j`m utiaisi`c oj`y strjtkciks. ]lk cgja uatiojtkay rkoji`s tlk

sjok- j cagbja suboissig` tg Isajo- j`m i` tlis jio (pgaitidjaay gr

spiritujaay) tlk cgja is tg kstjbaisl Isajoid suprkojdiso j`m uatiojtkay j

cagbja djaipljtk.

]g tlis k`m, Tu``i Isajo (ergo wlk`dk grici`jtks Tjajeiso j`m niljmiso)

prgogtks suboissig` tlrgucl j ogrk aitkrja rkjmi`c j`m dg`skquk`tay j

tk`mk`dy tg nustiey vigak`dk. ]lis is i` grmkr tg kstjbaisl Isajo js tlk

prkmgoi`j`t j`m suprkok wgram rkaicig` j`m pgaitidja grmkr. I` tlis, tlkrk

wiaa bk `g jppjrk`t midlgtgoy bktwkk` j spiritujaiskm j`m j pgaitidja

Isajo egr Ousaios. Jatlgucl ge dgursk tlk k`m jio is pkjdk, jt prksk`t tlkprgogtig` ge vigak`dk i` grmkr tg jdlikvk tlis is g`k wlidl i`drkjsi`cay

ljs tlk uppkr lj`m, bkdjusk jt prksk`t tlk g`ay jddkptjbak pjrjmico egr

tlk ‑oji`strkjo‟ rkcjrmi`c tlk Zur’j` ajrckay tk`ms tgwjrms aitkrjaiso.

Ge dgursk, wlk` pjssjcks sudl js ‑bklkjm tlk u`bkaikvkr‟ Vsurjs =3>4 j`m

<>:2_ jrk rkjm aitkrjaay, tlk ‑cggm Ousaio‟ is k`dgurjckm tg jdt jddgrmi`cay

gr bk jdduskm ge trj`scrkssi`c tlk vkry Sgrm ge Jaajl.



:52

]lkrk jrk, ge dgursk, dkrtji` skdts witli` Isajo wlg ljvk mkvkagpkm j `g`-

aitkrja, akss vigak`t i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk Zur’j`. Egrkogst jog`c tlksk

ogmkrjtks jrk tlk Isojhiais, tlk Tkvk`kr Tlihis, wlgsk cagbja lkjm is tlk

Jcj Flj`. Isoj’iais ojy ùobkr gày i` tlk tk`s ge oiaaig`s (gut ge tlk

tgtja Ousaio dgoouìty ge sgok :.5 biaaig`, skdg`m gày tg Dlristijìty’s

2.; biaaig`), but tlky mg kxist j`m tlky mkei`k, egr kxjopak, niljm `gt js j

fiaai`c gr dg`qukri`c ge tlk u`bkaikvkrs, but j ‑struccak‟ i` tkros ge

kdg`goid mkvkagpok`t j`m dljrity wgrf.

I` ck`krja, jaa brj`dlks ge Tlihiso (wlidl ojfks up pkrljps :;% ge tlk

wgram’s Ousaios) i`daumi`c tlk ]wkavkrs ge Irj`, Irjq j`m Akbj`g`, jaagw

tlk prjdtidk ge ‑i`mkpk`mk`t tlkgagcidja-akcja numcok`t‟ (intiljm). Sliast

tlis ljs jaagwkm egr tlk Jyjtgaajls tg dgok up witl kcjtivk prjdtidks sudl

js Flgokiì’s ‑ruak ge tlk nurisdg`suat‟ (viajykt-i ejqil), it jasg akjvks tlk

mggr gpk` tg j `g`-aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` ge vjrigus vigak`t pjssjcks ge tlk

Zur’j` j`m j rkegro witl ogrk pliagsgplidja pkrspkdtivks.

J`y kvgautig` ge j ogrk oji`strkjo Isajo witl wkstkr` vjauks slguam bk

k`dgurjckm witl j ogrk wimksprkjm jddkptj`dk ge pkjdkeuaay grik`tjtkm

skdts sudl js Tueiso (Isajoid oystidiso) j`m gtlkr ckùi`kay pkjdkeua

grmkrs sudl js tlk Jlojmiyyj. I` tlis, lgwkvkr, Ttkplk` Tdlwjrtz, i`

‑]lk Gtlkr Isajo> Tueiso j`m tlk Rgjm tg Cagbja Ljrog`y ‟ cgks tgg ejr

i` lis kstiojtig` ge Tueiso, skki`c it js tlk siopak j`timgtk tg tlk widfkm niljmists, gr j` keekdtivk okj`s tg purck tlk oji`strkjo ge its ogrk

vigak`t kakok`ts. ]lis vikw gvkraggfs tlk listgridja ejdts tljt oj`y niljms

wkrk akm by Tuei Tljyfls tlkoskavks, j`m oj`y wkrk eguclt by tlkir Tuei

egaagwkrs gvkr tlk dk`turiks. I` tlis, tlk`, j listgridja prkdkmk`t, aifk sg

oj`y gtlkr skdts ge Isajo, wjs nustieikm kjray g`. Kvk` sg, tlis is `gt tg

mk`y tlk pgssibiaity ge j` kvgautig` ge pkrspkdtivks. Oj`y Tueis tgmjy, egr

kxjopak, jrk `g`-aitkrjaists j`m egdus g` tlk ‑ksgtkrid‟ okjì`c ge tlk



:5=

tljt ojy tjfk. I` tlis, wliast tlkrk mg kxist sgok Ousaios (wlg jrk

ck`krjaay dg`simkrkm lkrktids j`m pkrskdutkm egr tlkir lkrksy bkdjusk ge

tlkir rknkdtig`, gr rkdg`stitutig`, ge tlk niljm mgdtri`k) tlk kxistk`dk ge

tlis ‑ogmkrjtk Isajo‟ is `gt prkvjak`t k`gucl (js ykt) tg dg`stitutk j`y

dlj`dk ge rkegro gr pkjdkeua kvgautig` i`tg tlk oji`strkjo6 pjrtiduajray

witl j` i`drkjsi`cay aitkrja grik`tjtig` cjiì`c crgu`m.::2

::2 ]lis is `gt tg suppgsk tljt rkegro dguam `gt bk iìtijtkm, nust tljt it ejdks j` upliaastruccak. Bksimks tlk sgurdk slguam bk susdkptibak ge pkrpktuja i`tkrprktjtig`, j`m tlkegaagwi`c pliagsgplidja rkjsg`s jasg sustji` tlk bkaike tljt Isajo dj` j`m wiaa bkrkegrokm i` tlk euturk.

:. ]lkrk is `g j-prigri rkjsg` tg prgvk Isajo dj``gt bk rkegrokm. ]lk gày wjyg`k oiclt jttkopt tg prgvk tlis is by dajioi`c tljt Isajo ’s kssk`dk dj``gt bkrkegrokm. But, tljt wguam bk ejask, bkdjusk `g rkaicig` gr imkgagcy gr ejitl ljsj` kssk`dk, jt akjst tlk wjy it wjs mkei`km by Jristgtak. J Xajtgìdi`tkrprktjtig`, i` j`y djsk, pkroits tljt j` jbsgautk, ktkr`ja, u`dlj`ci`ckssk`dk truay kxists, j`m is mivi`k i` tlis sk`sk js j rkekrk`t ge gpiìg`s j`m

vjauks, but tlk mijakdtid prgcrkssig` ge wljt tljt kssk`dk k`tjias is subnkdt tgdlj`ck j`m prgvimks mieekri`c i`tkrprktjtig`s gr gpiìg`s ge wljt it k`tjias.

2. @kitlkr is tlkrk j`y j-pgstkrigri rkjsg` tg bkaikvk tljt Isajo dj``gt bkrkegrokm, bkdjusk listgry slgws tljt rkaicig`s ljvk dlj`ckm j`m ljvk bkk`rkegrokm tlrguclgut tiok. I` tlis rkspkdt tlk`, jaa rkaicig`s jrk sgdijadg`strudts. Tgdija dg`strudts, sdlggas ge tlguclt, diviaisjtig`s, kvk` Isajoidlistgry ljvk kvgavkm j`m jrk subnkdt tg dlj`ck.

]lk kssk`dk dj` bk vikwkm js ktkr`ja, kvk` u`dlj`ci`c, but tlk `jturk ge tlis wgramis dg`ti`ck`t j`m pkrpktujaay dlj`ci`c, js jrk oj`fi`m’s gpiìg`s. Rkaicig` tgg jsj sgdija dg`strudt is but tlk prjdtidk j`m i`tkrprktjtig` ge j pjrjmico tljt is but joj`-ojmk i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk ktkr`ja pri`dipak’s rkvkajtig`, wlidl is djuskm by

Jaajl. It dj` bk sjim tg siouatj`kgusay kvgavk js j pkrspkdtivk ge wljt tlk mivi`kk`tjias. It is j` ktkr`jaay kvgavi`c pkrspkdtivk ge tlk jbsgautk pri`dipak i` tlis sk`sk6j` ktkr`jaay prgcrkssi`c rkvkajtig` tljt is susdkptibak tg j paurjaity ge pkrspkdtivks.It ojy mkvkagp vjrigusay j`m jddgrmi`c tg sgdija ejdtgrs. ]lk prkmgoi`j`dk ge g`kis dljopig`km tlk`, gt okrkay by tlk swgrm, but priojriay by tlk pgwkr ge rkjsg`,j`m tlk keeidjdy ge its pgwkr is rkeakdtivk ge tlk keeidjdy ge its i`tkaakdtuja djpjbiaitiksj`m its sgdija j`m pgaitidja strudturks. Js Jokridj j`m its Dg`stitutig`ja Rkpubaidis tlk prkkoi`k`t pgaitidja pgwkr i` rkekrk`dk tg ‑tlk ajws ge `jturk‟ j`m ‑ge`jturk’s Cgm‟ i` tlis wgram, it is succkstivk by its suddkss j`m kxdkptig`jaiso tg bkj ogmka wgrtly ge kouajtig`. ]lis dj` jt akjst bk nustieikm ie it jmlkrks tg its cgjasi` tlk stridt Dg`stitutig`ja sk`sk.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/



:5;

I` jaa ge tlis, tlk misti`dtig` bktwkk` ‑Isajo‟ js j pkrsg`ja spirituja ejitl

(j pkrsg`ja suboissig` tg Cgm) j`m tlk ‑Lgusk ge Isajo‟, wlidl ogrk

brgjmay i`daumks tlk k`tirk oj`-ojmk dgrpus ge Isajoid sdlgajrslip,

f`gwakmck (iao) j`m nurisprumk`dk (sljrij) js kspguskm by akjmi`c cagbja

Isajoid nurists j`m tlguclt akjmkrs (j “suboissig`’ tg tlk Lgusk ge Isajo

ie ygu wiaa) `kkms tg bk jmmrksskm. ]lis is rkquirkm i` grmkr tg iopakok`t

rkegro. Mkvgut Ousaios `kkm tg bkaikvk tlky stj`m i` j pkrsg`ja

rkajtig`slip witl Cgm j`m jrk `gt okrkay kopty vksskas tljt `kkm tg bk

tjuclt. ]lis irgìdjaay is tlk vikw jasg kspguskm by tlk vigak`t

eu`mjok`tjaists tlkoskavks, but js rkegro strivks egr pkjdk tlky oustakjr` tg rknkdt j`y ‑suboissig`‟ tg tlgsk oktlgms wlidl pkrpktujtk j`y

i`luoj`k i`tkrprktjtig`. Dkrtjiày, jdjmkoij j`m tlkgagcidja mkbjtk is

dk`trja tg u`mkrstj`mi`c j`m keekdtivkay rkegroi`c Isajoid tlguclt

jcji`st Tjajeiso. Jdtivk prgcrjooks ge kmudjtig`, akjì`c tgwjrms `g`-

aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`s i` ogsquks, oust bk k`dgurjckm js j prjdtidja eirst

stkp.

]lk ajdf ge j`y Isajoid oj`mjtk egr j ‑Dlurdl‟, wlidl dgoouìdjtks gr

kx-dgoouìdjtks Tu`ì okobkrs, is j`gtlkr stuobai`c bagdf. Oj`y skdts

ljvk j rkciok`tkm, dirduosdribkm Isajo, witl ekjaty tg tlkir akjmkrs, tljt

civks tlk akjmkrs dg`trga ge tlk dk`trja okssjck. Lgwkvkr, ogst Tu`ìs

(`g`-Isajoists) mg `gt ljvk sudl j ekjaty tg j`y spkdieid Iojo gr sdlgga,

j`m js j dg`skquk`dk jrk sdjttkrkm j`m mieeusk. Imk`tieyi`c tlkir ièauk`dktlk` dj` bk prgbakojtid. ]lk pkrspkdtivks tgg dj` bk i`drkjsi`cay rgcuk.

]lk iopkrjtivk ge rkegro is dakjr j`m `kdkssjry, but it is jasg ljopkrkm

by tlk Sjlljbis/ Tjajeists wlg prjdtidk ‑tjfeir‟ gr ‑mkeiì`c wlg is j`m

wlg is `gt Ousaio‟ i` j` keegrt tg dg`trga ‑okobkrslip‟. I` tlis, tg mjtk,

tlky ljvk suddksseuaay oji`tji`km tlkir ‑purk‟ i`tkrprktjtig` j`m pjsskm



:55

tlis g` i` tlk dgoouìty, wliast stieai`c j`m dk`sgri`c jatkr`jtivk, ogrk

pkjdkeua, pkrspkdtivks.

]lkgagcidja dlj`cks> tlk iopgrtj`dk ge rki`tkrprkti`c tlksicìeidj`dk ge tlk mivi`k rkvkajtig` tg nustiey rkegro

Sliast Isajo prgdajios itskae tg bk bjskm g` j lgay Cgm civk` trutl, j`y

i`tkrprktjtig` ge tljt jbsgautk trutl, it dguam bk jrcukm, k`tjias gày j

‑oj`-ojmk‟ pkrspkdtivk okmijtkm by rkjsg` j`m tlk luoj` oi`m.::4

Itdguam bk dajiokm, tlkrkegrk, tljt kvk` tlk Xrgplkt’s rkvkajtig` is subnkdt

tg tlk okmiuo ge luoj` u`mkrstj`mi`c, kvk` ie tlk Rkvkajtig` itskae

grici`jtkm ergo Cgm.

I` suppgrt ge tlis, kvk` Ogljookm lioskae kxprksskm dgèusig` j`m j

ajdf ge u`mkrstj`mi`c jbgut tlk `jturk j`m sicìeidj`dk ge lis mivi`k

rkvkajtig`. G` gddjsig`s, lk tgg prgeksskm `gt tg f`gw wljt wguamljppk` tg lio jetkr lis mkjtl.::= I` tlis, tlk`, j` i`tkr`ja rk-kvjaujtig`

::4 I` tlk Jbrjljoid rkaicig`s, tlk tkro is uskm tg rkekr tg tlk prgdkss by wlidl Cgmmirkdtay rkvkjas f`gwakmck ge lioskae, lis wiaa, j`m lis mivi`k prgvimk`dk tg tlk wgramge luoj` bki`cs. But jaa tlksk rkquirk tlk okmijtgr j`m tlk i`tkrprktjtig` by tlkluoj` oi`m. I` j skdg`mjry sk`sk tlk`, rkvkajtig` rkekrs tg tlk rksuati`c luoj`f`gwakmck jbgut Cgm, prgplkdy, j`m gtlkr mivi`k tli`cs.

::= Dlristij`s jrcuk tljt Xrgplkt Ouljoojm wjs `gt dkrtji` jbgut lis gw` sjavjtig`jddgrmi`c tg Isajoid sgurdks.

Turj=5>9>Tjy> "I jo `g bri`ckr ge `kw-ej`cakm mgdtri`k jog`c tlk okssk`ckrs, `gr mg I f`gw

wljt wiaa bk mg`k witl ok gr witl ygu. I egaagw but tljt wlidl is rkvkjakm tg ok byi`spirjtig`6 I jo but j Sjr`kr gpk` j`m dakjr."

I` Tjlkkl Bufljri Ugauok ;, Bggf ;<, @uobkr 255> @jrrjtkm '[o ja-'Jaj>

‑]lk` tlk Xrgplkt djok tg us j`m I (jmmrkssi`c tlk mkjm bgmy) sjim, "G Jbu Js-Tj'ib,ojy Jaajl's Okrdy bk g` ygu! I bkjr wit`kss tljt Jaajl ljs lg`gurkm ygu." G` tljt tlkXrgplkt sjim, "Lgw mg ygu f`gw tljt Jaajl ljs lg`gurkm lio7" I rkpaikm, "I mg `gt



:53

ge tlk `jturk ge rkvkajtig` dguam bk prgeekrkm, witlgut mk`yi`c tlk

jbsgautk miviìty ge Cgm.::; It wguam, i` sgok sk`sk, bk dgopjtibak witl

f`gw. Ojy oy ejtlkr j`m oy ogtlkr bk sjdrieidkm egr ygu, G Jaajl's Jpgstak! But wlgkask is wgrtly ge it (ie gt '[tloj`)7" Lk sjim, "Js tg lio, by Jaajl, mkjtl ljs gvkrtjfk`lio, j`m I lgpk tlk bkst egr lio. By Jaajl, tlgucl I jo tlk Jpgstak ge Jaajl, ykt I mg`gt f`gw wljt Jaajl wiaa mg tg ok," By Jaajl, I wiaa `kvkr jsskrt tlk pikty ge j`yg`kjetkr lio.‟

Dg`dkrì`c tlk `jturk ge Ogljoojm’s rkvkajtig` i` tlk djvk lk wjs `gt kvk` surk wlktlkr it wjs mivi`k gr mkogìd iìtijaay. Lk wjs sg sljfk` lk kvk` bkdjoksuidimja. Ergo Cuiaajuok’s trj`sajtig` ge Ib` Isljq’s ejogus kjray bigcrjply ge

Ouljoojm, sirjt-rjsua, wk akjr`>

‑Tg I VOuljoojm_ rkjm it, j`m lk VCjbrika_ mkpjrtkm ergo ok. J`m I jwgfk ergo oysakkp, j`m it wjs js tlgucl tlksk wgrms wkrk writtk` g` oy lkjrt… @gw g`k ge Cgm'sdrkjturks wjs ogrk ljtkeua tg ok tlj` j` Vkdstjtid_ pgkt gr j oj` pgssksskm> I dguam`gt kvk` aggf jt tlko. I tlguclt, ‑Sgk is ok pgkt gr pgssksskm - @kvkr sljaa ZurjyslVOuljoojm’s tribk j`m fi`soj`_ sjy tlis ge ok! I wiaa cg tg tlk tgp ge tlk ogu`tji`j`m tlrgw oyskae mgw` tljt I ojy fiaa oyskae j`m cji` rkst.‟ Tg I wk`t egrtl tg mg sgj`m tlk` wlk` I wjs oimwjy g` tlk ogu`tji`, I lkjrm j vgidk ergo lkjvk` sjyi`c "GOuljoojm! tlgu jrk tlk jpgstak ge Cgm j`m I jo Cjbrika.‟

]lk rkekrk`dk tg ‑pgkt gr pgssksskm‟ dgoks ergo tlk `gtig` tljt Jrjbs dg`tkopgrjry witl Ouljoojm bkaikvkm tljt pgkts drkjtkm tlkir pgktry u`mkr tlk i`spirjtig` gemkog`s. Egr tlk Crkkfs wlg ièauk`dkm tlis duaturk, tlis wjs j mjiogìd egrdk j`m tlkmjiog` wjs tlk pgkt, j` i`tkrokmijry bktwkk` Lkjvk` j`m Kjrtl, nust js lkrgks wkrk.

Jt-]jbjri, g`k ge Isajo’s ogst liclay rkspkdtkm kjray listgrij`s lgwkvkr sjys> ‑]lkprk-Isajoid Jrjbs bkaikvkm i` tlk mkog` ge pgktry, j`m tlky tlguclt tljt j crkjt pgkt

wjs mirkdtay i`spirkm by mkog`s...‟

::; Jetkr tlk kxpkrik`dk, Ouljoojm rktur`km lgok tg lis wiek Fljminj. Lk wjs stiaatkrribay misturbkm by tlk k`dgu`tkr>

‑]lk` Jaajl's Jpgstak rktur`km witl tlk I`spirjtig`, lis `kdf ousdakstwitdli`c witl tkrrgr tiaa lk k`tkrkm upg` Fljminj j`m sjim, "Dgvkr ok!Dgvkr ok!" ]lky dgvkrkm lio tiaa lis ekjr wjs gvkr j`m tlk` lk sjim, "GFljminj, wljt is wrg`c witl ok7" ]lk` lk tgam lkr kvkrytli`c tljt ljmljppk`km j`m sjim, "I ekjr tljt sgoktli`c ojy ljppk` tg ok.‟

But it wjs `gt gày Ouljoojm wlg suspkdtkm j mkogìd sgurdk tg lis rkvkajtig`s,dakjray oj`y ge Ouljoojm’s dg`tkopgrjriks jasg bkaikvkm tljt lis rkvkajtgrykxpkrik`dks wkrk mkogìd j`m tljt lk wjs mkog` pgssksskm>



:5<

tlk i`tkrprktjtig` i` tlk 28tl dk`tury by rkaicigus kxistk`tijaists wlg lkam

tljt rkvkajtig` lkam `g dg`tk`t i` j`m ge itskae, but rjtlkr tljt Cgm

i`spirkm pkgpak witl lis prksk`dk by dgoi`c i`tg dg`tjdt witl tlko.

Rkvkajtig` i` tlis sk`sk i`vgfks j luoj` rkspg`sk tljt rkdgrms lgw wk

rkspg`m tg Cgm. ]lis ojfks j paurjaity ge i`tkrprktjtig`s pgssibak j`m

jddkptjbak. Rkegro dj` tlkrkegrk bk nustieikm.

I` Isajo, lgwkvkr, tlk ogrk brgjmay jddkptkm stj`dk ljs bkk` g`k wlidl

tg mjtk ljs jmvgdjtkm Ouljoojm’s rkvkajtig` js tlk eajwakss ei`ja

rkvkajtig` ge Cgm tg luoj`ity, j`m g`k vjaim u`tia tlk Ajst Mjy. ]lis is

tlk vkry rkjsg` wly Jlojmis ei`m tlkoskavks pkrskdutkm> egr js tlk

bkaikvkrs i` tlk Isajoid Okssijl, tlk Ojmli prksuokm tg mispajdk tlk ei`ja

jutlgrity ge tlk Xrgplkt witl eurtlkr rkvkajtig`s. ]lk `jturk ge tlk

rkvkajtig` bki`c rkvkjakm wgrm by wgrm j`m akttkr by akttkr tg Ogljookm

js mivi`k, jbsgautk j`m ktkr`ja trutl. ]lis wjs rkvkjakm vjrigusay by tlk

‑Ykt tlky tur` jwjy ergo lio j`m sjy> "]utgrkm (by gtlkrs), j oj` pgssksskm!‟ -Turjl ==>:= (Yusue Jai).

‑Sljt! sljaa wk civk up gur cgms egr tlk sjfk ge j Xgkt pgssksskm7‟ -Turjl43>45 (Yusue Jai).

Lkrk lgwkvkr j dakjr misti`dtig` bktwkk` ok`’s u`dkrtji`ty j`m Jaajl’sprgdajojtig` prgvimks j okj`s egr bgtl tg bk jddkptkm j`m kxistdg`tkopgrj`kgusay js j ejitl mgdtri`k witli` tlk Zur’j` itskae>

‑@g, ygur dgopjtrigt VOuljoojm_ is `gt ojm. Lk sjw lio VCjbrika_ g` tlkdakjr lgrizg`. Lk mgks `gt crumck tlk skdrkts ge tlk u`skk`, `gr is tlis tlkuttkrj`dk ge j` jddurskm mkvia.‟ (Turj <:>22-2;).

‑It Vtlk Zur’j`_ is `g pgkt’s spkkdl> sdj`t is ygur ejitl! It is `g sggtlsjykr'smivi`jtig`> lgw aittak ygu rkeakdt! It is rkvkajtig` ergo tlk Agrm ge tlk[`ivkrsk.‟ (Turj 59>=:,=2).



:59

j`cka Cjbrika, gr by Jaajl, wlg jrk sgoktioks spgfk` ge sy`g`yogusay.

::5

I` dg`trjst tg tlis mirkdt egro ge rkvkajtig`, Isjijl writks ge lis rkvkajtgry

kxpkrik`dk js g`k rkdkivkm tlrgucl ‑visig`s‟, wlkrk lk wguam skk YLSL,

tlk Cgm ge Isrjka, spkjfi`c tg j`ckaid bki`cs tljt surrgu`mkm lio. Isjijl

wguam tlk` writk mgw` tlk mijagcuk kxdlj`ckm bktwkk` YLSL j`m tlk

j`ckas js j tlirm-pjrty wit`kss. ]lis rkvkajtig` dg`stituti`c tlk ojngr pjrt

ge tlk tkxt ge tlk Bggf ge Isjijl.::3

J` jatkr`jtivk pkrspkdtivk js tg tlk `jturk ge rkvkajtig` dguam lgam tljt

tlk kxpkrik`dk ge rkvkajtig` is `g`-vkrbja j`m `g`-aitkrja, ykt it ojy ljvk

::5 Ouljoojm wjs visitkm by tlk jrdlj`cka Cjbrika wlg rkvkjakm tg lio j vkrsk ergotlk Zur’j`. ]lk kvk`t tggf pajdk i` j djvk djaakm Lirj, agdjtkm g` tlk ogu`tji` djaakmNjbja j`-@gur, `kjr Okddj. Jddgrmi`c tg bigcrjpliks, Cjbrika jppkjrkm bkegrk lioj`m dgooj`mkm lio tg rkditk tlk eirst ai`ks ge dljptkr 95 ge tlk Zur’j`. Ouljoojm’s

kxpkrik`dk is ok`tig`km i` tlk Zurj` ;4>=-9>

‑It is `g akss tlj` i`spirjtig` sk`t mgw` tg lio>Lk wjs tjuclt by g`k Oiclty i` Xgwkr,K`mukm witl Sismgo> egr lk jppkjrkm (i` stjtkay egro)6

Sliak lk wjs i` tlk liclkst pjrt ge tlk lgrizg`>]lk` lk jpprgjdlkm j`m djok dagskr.‟

]lk kvk`t ge eirst rkvkajtig` ge Ogljookm is rkdgrmkm i` ljmitl vij lis wiek Jislj. Tjlil ja-Bufljri 4 .

‑]lk dgook`dkok`t ge tlk Mivi`k I`spirjtig` tg Jaajl's Okssk`ckr (pbul) wjsi` tlk egro ge cggm mrkjos wlidl djok truk aifk briclt mjyaiclt, j`m tlk` tlkagvk ge skdausig` wjs bkstgwkm upg` lio. Lk uskm tg cg i` skdausig` i` tlk djvkge Lirj wlkrk lk uskm tg wgrslip (Jaajl jag`k) dg`tiùgusay egr oj`y mjys

bkegrk lis mksirk tg skk lis ejoiay. Lk uskm tg tjfk witl lio tlk ngur`ky eggmegr tlk stjy j`m tlk` dgok bjdf tg (lis wiek) Fljminj tg tjfk lis eggm aifkwiskjcji` tiaa summkày tlk ]rutl mksdk`mkm upg` lio wliak lk wjs i` tlk djvk geLirj. ]lk j`cka djok tg lio j`m jsfkm lio tg rkjm. ]lk Xrgplkt (pbul) rkpaikm,"I mg `gt f`gw lgw tg rkjm.‟

::3 ]lk sjok egrouaj ge mivi`k rkvkajtig` is uskm by gtlkr prgplkts tlrguclgut tlk]j`jfl, sudl js Oidjijl (`gt tg bk dgèuskm witl Oidjl) i` : Fi`cs 22>:9-22.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khadija



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_Hira




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel







https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha



:38

prgpgsitig`ja dg`tk`t. Xkgpak ljvk bkk` mivi`kay ‑i`spirkm‟ by Cgm witl j

okssjck, but tlis `kkm `gt `kdkssjriay bk i` j mirkdt vkrbja ejslig`.

Rjbbi Jbrjljo Ngsluj Lksdlka i` ‑Cgm i` Tkjrdl ge Ok`‟ ljs writtk`>

‑]g dg`vky wljt tlk prgplkts kxpkrik`dkm, tlk Bibak dguam kitlkrusk tkros ge mksdriptig`s gr tkros ge i`midjtig`. J`y mksdriptig` getlk jdt ge rkvkajtig` i` kopiridja djtkcgriks wguam ljvk prgmudkm jdjridjturk. ]ljt is wly jaa tlk Bibak mgks is tg stjtk tljt rkvkajtig`ljppk`km6 lgw it ljppk`km is sgoktli`c tlky dguam gày dg`vky i` wgrms tljt jrk kvgdjtivk j`m succkstivk.‟

J pliagsgplidja i`tkrprktjtig` js tg tlk `jturk ge tlk Xrgplkt’s rkvkajtig`

wguam bk `kdkssjry tg k`dgurjck j` kvgavi`c nustieidjtig` egr j`y rkegro

prgdkss js `g`-lkrktidja jog`cst tlk rkaicigus. I` tlis i`tkrprktjtig`,

`kdkssjry egr ogmkrìsjtig`, tlk mivi`k `jturk ge tlk rkvkajtig` `kkm `gt

bk dgoprgoiskm, js Ousaios lgam tljt tlk okssjck ge Isajo is tlk sjok

js tlk okssjck prkjdlkm by jaa tlk okssk`ckrs sk`t by Cgm tg luojìty>

j akcjdy pjsskm g` js j ai`kjck si`dk Jmjo.

Egr Fjra Bjrtl, Cgm is tlk gbnkdt ge Cgm’s gw` skae-f`gwakmck, j`m

rkvkajtig` i` tlk Bibak okj`s tlk skae-u`vkiai`c tg luojìty ge tlk Cgm,

wlg dj``gt bk misdgvkrkm by luojìty siopay tlrgucl its gw` keegrts. Egr

lio, tlkrkegrk, tlk Bibak is `gt tlk rkvkajtig`, nust js tlk Zur’j` slguam

`gt bk vikwkm js tlk rkvkajtig`6 rjtlkr, it pgi`ts tg tlk rkvkajtig`. I` tlis,

tlk`, luoj` dg`dkpts kxprksskm by aj`cujck dj` `kvkr bk dg`simkrkm js

imk`tidja witl tlk mirkdt kxpkrik`dk ge Cgm’s rkvkajtig`, j`m Tdripturk

writtk` i` luoj` aj`cujck, gày kvkr kxprkssks luoj` dg`dkpts ge wljt

tlk mivi`k jdtujaay k`tjias. ]kxt, tlkrkegrk, dj``gt bk dg`simkrkm imk`tidja



:3:

witl Cgm’s rkvkajtig`, but siopay i`tiojtks it, wliast i` sgok vkry rkja

sk`sk it is stiaa mivi`kay i`spirkm. ::<

]lksk ogrk pliagsgplidja pkrspkdtivks rkprksk`t jt akjst kxjopaks ge lgw

tg kvgavk eu`mjok`tja grtlgmgxy jwjy ergo its dg`skrvjtivk pkrspkdtivks.

It prgvimks nustieidjtig` egr j ogrk eakxibak, akss mgcojtid, akss aitkrja

pkrspkdtivk. Xliagsgplidja mkbjtk, rjtlkr tlj` pjssivk jddkptj`dk ge

trjmitig`ja i`tkrprktjtig`s, `kkms tg gddur witli` tlk ogsquk

k`virgòk`t. ]lis wguam k`krcisk tlk ogsquk dgoouìty i` itskae

tgwjrms j rkegrojtig` j`m rkvkja Isajo js jaivk j`m aivi`c j`m j vkry

dg`tkopgrjry ejitl. By eiclti`c mgcojtiso i` tlk ogsquk jasg, g` tlk

bjttakcrgu`m wlkrk imkjs j`m pri`dipaks jrk prgpjcjtkm, wk dj` jvgim tlk

ioprkssig` tljt tlk tkrrgrists’ eu`mjok`tja j`m vkry aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`

is iopaiditay dgrrkdt. Sk tlus prkvk`t sudl imkjs cjiì`c wimkr ogrk

pgpuajr jddkptj`dk. Jt tlk sjok tiok, by jttjdfi`c tlk rjmidja pri`dipaks

witli` Isajo js i`luoj`k, wk dj` jttkopt tg prgpjcjtk j`m mkek`m j

ogrk spiritujaay grik`tjtkm pliagsgplidja Isajo, ogrk i` syopjtly witl

gur gw` Numkg-Dlristij` vjauks, j`m by kxtrjpgajtig` gur gw` skduajr

wkstkr` pgaitidja vjauks.

]lk iopgrtj`dk ge jeeiroi`c wkstkr` vjauks

[ìvkrsja virtuks sudl js nustidk, prumk`dk, tkopkrj`dk j`m dgurjck oust bk dljopig`km tg prjdtidk cggm ejitl. ]lksk virtuks jrk `gt siopay aibkrja

i` j dgrrupt sk`sk but jrk uìvkrsja vjauks tljt kobgmy wljt it okj`s tg

::< Jddgrmi`c tg Isajoid trjmitig`s, Ouljoojm bkcj` rkdkivi`c rkvkajtig`s ergo tlkjck ge =8, mkaivkrkm tlrgucl tlk j`cka Cjbrika gvkr tlk ajst 24 ykjrs ge lis aiek. ]lkdg`tk`t ge tlksk rkvkajtig`s wkrk okogriskm j`m rkdgrmkm by lis egaagwkrs j`mdgopiakm ergo mgzk`s ge ljeiz js wkaa js gtlkr vjrigus pjrdlok`ts i`tg j si`cak vgauokslgrtay jetkr lis mkjtl.



:32

bk diviaiskm luoj` bki`cs. ]lky jrk vjauks wgrtl mkek`mi`c j`m

uplgami`c, irrkspkdtivk ge ejitl gr duaturk.

]lis strjtkcy oust egdus g` tlk eu`mjok`tja jttkopt tg ogmkrìsk

Isajoid ogrjaity i` ejitl j`m prjdtidk. ]g prgvimk ktlidja okjì`c egr tlk

i`mivimuja i` j brgjmkr dg`tkxt, wliast rknkdti`c tlk strjtkcy j`m vjauks ge

eu`mjok`tjaiso js durrk`tay kxprksskm. J` grtlgmgxy, wlidl i` its ogst

ojaic`j`t ojìekstjtig`s nustieiks tkrrgriso js j virtuk, j`m wlidl i` tur`

mkluojìsks bgtl its egaagwkrs j`m its tjrcktkm k`koy.

]g jdlikvk tlis, j ogrk pliagsgplidja j`m akss aitkrja rkjmi`c ge tlk Zur’j`

oust ck`krjaay bk k`dgurjckm. Isajoid tlkgagcy oust bk skt erkk ergo tlk

sljdfaks ge grtlgmgxy js it is prksk`tay u`mkrstggm. I` tlis tgg, tlk

priojdy ge I`mivimujaiso, rjtlkr tlj` Dgaakdtiviso oust bk uplkam. ]lk

i`mivimuja’s ogrja bjsis dj` bk strk`ctlk`km witl rkaicigus ejitl, j`m `gt

djst siopay i` tkros ge j` kaitk tlkgdrjtid pgaitidja systko kègrdi`c

mgcojtid kmidts j`m i`luoj`k nurisprumk`dk upg` tlk ojssks ergo g`

licl. ]lk bjsis egr j ogrja vjauk systko, dgopjtibak witl tlk `gtig` ge

wljt it okj`s tg bk j ditizk` witl j divid rkspg`sibiaity witli` tlk stjtk,

dj` bk strk`ctlk`km by kopljsisi`c skduajriso j`m tlk priojdy ge

uìvkrsja ogrja pri`dipaks. Jaa tlksk jrk Dg`stitutig`ja vjauks, js tlk

Egu`mi`c Ejtlkrs ge tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks wkrk jwjrk.

]lk i`dgopjtibiaity ge sljrij ajw i` wkstkr` mkogdrjdiks

Tljrij i` its durrk`t egro is ajrckay i`dgopjtibak witl wkstkr` vjauks.

Kvk` tlk jddkptj`dk ge sljrij ei`j`dk slguam bk rksistkm js it prgogtks

i`kqujaity.::9 Dg`skquk`tay, its durrk`tay j`ti-mkogdrjtid, grtlgmgx

::9 Ousaio ogtlkrs, wivks, mjucltkrs, j`m sistkrs rkdkivkm i`lkritj`dk riclts tlirtkk`lu`mrkm ykjrs bkegrk Kurgpk rkdgcìskm tljt tlksk riclts kvk` kxistkm. ]lk mivisig` ge



:34

i`tkrprktjtig`, oust `gt bk prgpjcjtkm jt jaa i` tlk Skst. Ajdfi`c j`y

akcja pgwkrs i` tlk rkdgcìskm sk`sk, sgok prkss egr jddkptj`dk. Ykt tg

pkroit kvk` jspkdts ge tlk sljrij tg dg-kxist witli` mkogdrjtid sgdiktiks,

sudl js dgu`dias tljt ‑jmvisk‟ g` ojritja ojttkrs, is tg risf duaturja j`m

sgdija sdlisos j`m i`vitk i`drkok`tja suboissig` tg ogrk mj`ckrgus

kakok`ts i` tlk euturk. Ie egr kxjopak sljrij dgurts jrk pkroittkm tg

sprkjm, tlk` tlky jrk `grojaiskm, j`m grtlgmgx sljrij (lumum) dguam

i`drkjsi`cay cji` tlk uppkr lj`m. J bjsid rkquirkok`t, tlkrkegrk, is tg

rkdg`tkxtujaisk j`m ogmkrìsk Isajo witli` tlk dg`tkxt ge tlk wkstkr`

sgdija, pgaitidja j`m akcja strudturks, rjtlkr tlj` tlk i`vkrsk tk`mk`dy, wlidl is siopay skkfi`c tg jddgoogmjtk jspkdts ge it witlgut dlj`ck.

Ousaios oust vikw Isajo js j pkrsg`ja jeejir j`m j bkaike systko tljt

dj``gt bk civk` jbsgautk stjtk jutlgrity. I` wkstkr` sgdiktiks, it oust

jddkpt dg`stitutig`jaay grik`tjtkm luoj` riclts js j eu`mjok`tja. Isajo

dj` gày bk ogmieikm j`m ogrk ck`krjaay jssioiajtkm i`tg tlk wkstkr`

i`lkritj`dk is j vjst subnkdt witl j` k`grogus jogu`t ge mktjias (Zurj` =>3, ::,:2,:35). I` rkspkdt tg wgok`, lgwkvkr, tlk ck`krja ruak is tljt tlk ekojak sljrk is ljaetlk ojak’s kxdkpt i` djsks i` wlidl tlk ogtlkr rkdkivks kquja sljrk tg tljt ge tlk ejtlkr.]lis ck`krja ruak ie tjfk` i` isgajtig` ergo gtlkr akcisajtig`s dg`dkrì`c ok` j`m

wgok` is uèjir. Ck`krjaay, tlk rjtig`jak ge ejir`kss bkli`m tlis ruak rkquirks tlkjddkptj`dk tljt tlk ei`j`dija gbaicjtig`s ge ok` i` Isajo ejr kxdkkm tlgsk ge wgok`.

]lk Ousaio lusbj`m is dljrckm witl tlk oji`tk`j`dk ge lis wiek j`m dliamrk`. ]lk wiek, g` tlk gtlkr lj`m, is `gt gbaickm tg lkap lio i` tlis rkcjrm. Lkr prgpkrty j`mkjrì`cs jrk egr lkr usk jag`k kxdkpt wljt slk ojy vgau`tjriay geekr lkr lusbj`m.Bksimks jaa tlis, g`k ljs tg rkjaisk tljt Isajo vklkok`tay jmvgdjtks ejoiay aiek. Itstrg`cay k`dgurjcks ygutls tg ckt ojrrikm, misdgurjcks mivgrdk, j`m mgks `gt rkcjrmdkaibjdy js j virtuk. ]lkrkegrk, i` j truay Isajoid sgdikty, ejoiay aiek is tlk `gro j`msi`cak aiek is tlk rjrk kxdkptig`. ]ljt is, jaogst jaa ojrrijck-jckm wgok` j`m ok` jrkojrrikm i` j` Isajoid sgdikty. I` aiclt ge tlksk ejdts, g`k wguam jpprkdijtk tljt Ousaiook`, i` ck`krja, ljvk crkjtkr ei`j`dija burmk`s tlj` Ousaio wgok` j`m tlusi`lkritj`dk ruaks jrk okj`t tg geeskt tlis iobjaj`dk sg tljt tlk sgdikty aivks erkk ge jaack`mkr gr dajss wjrs. I` prjdtisk, lgwkvkr, tlk rkjsgì`c is ljrm tg nustiey i` ogmkr`

wkstkr` sgdiktiks tljt vikw gày kqujaity ge gppgrtuìty rjtlkr tlj` kqujaity gegutdgok js j` jddkptjbak stj`mjrm ge wljt is ejir. ]gmjy tgg j ojrrikm wgoj` wlgpgsskssks okj`s ge lkr gw` ojy, j`m i` ogst djsks mgks, dg`tributk j pgrtig` gr tlk

wlgak ge lkr i`mkpk`mk`t okj`s tgwjrms tlk upfkkp ge tlk lgusklgam, but is u`mkr`g rkaicigus gbaicjtig` tg mg sg.



:3=

pjrjmico g`dk ‑drkkpi`c sljrij‟ is stgppkm i` its trjdfs, nust js ‑drkkpi`c

niljm‟ i` its pgaitidja j`m oiaitjry ojìekstjtig`s oust bk. ]lk jatkr`jtivk

tg rkegro is its i`drkjsi`c prgpjcjtig` j`m mgoi`j`dk. Mkpgrtjtig`, ie it

is `gt jmmrksskm, is j aifkay euturk sdk`jrig js j` kokrck`dy sgautig` tg

rkkstjbaisl ogmkr` stj`mjrms ge kquitjbiaity j`m ejir`kss. Dg`tiùi`c j`m

wgrskì`c divia dgèaidt wiaa bk k`tjiakm witlgut tlis, j`m uatiojtkay

tkrribak wjrs wjckm `jtig`jaay i` tlk Skst ie gppgskm.

Isajo oust bk jssioiajtkm i` oudl tlk sjok wjy tljt bki`c j Dlristij`

bkdjok i`tkcrja tg tlk wkstkr` `gtig` ge wljt it okj`t tg bk j cggm

ditizk`. I` wkstkr` sgdiktiks, Ousaios tgg getk` ljvk slirfkm tlis

rkspg`sibiaity, vikwi`c tlkoskavks js gutsimkrs witl j` jaik` vjauk systko.

]lkir vgidk is ge iopgrtj`dk tg eurtlkr mkvkagp sgdija i`tkcrjtig` witl j

dgoouìty wlidl ljs tgg getk` stggm jpjrt. ]lis rkquirks j` kopljsis

g` pkrsg`ja rkspg`sibiaity tg jaa g`k’s ekaagw ditizk`s, `gt nust Ousaios,

dg`tkxtujaiskm j`m sustji`km by tlk jddkptj`dk ge paurjaiso, j`m nustieikm

by j dgoog` bkaike i` tlk pgwkr ge j agvi`c, ogrja, bk`keidk`t, j`m jbgvk

jaa pkjdkeua Cgm. ]lis dj` gày dgok jbgut by j` jddkptj`dk ge tlk virtuks

j`m vjauks ge wkstkr` mkogdrjdy tljt skkf jt akjst tg prkskrvk sudl

stj`mjrms j`m vjauks i` ogmkr` sgdikty.

]lis jpprgjdl pkrtji`s tg tlk Skst ogrk ck`krjaay, but i` rkekrk`dk tg tlk

[T spkdieidjaay, NE Fk``kmy’s kxlgrtjtig` dgoks tg oi`m>

‑Jsf `gt wljt ygur dgu`try dj` mg egr ygu but jsf wljt ygu dj` mgegr ygur dgu`try.‟:28

:28 Erkquk`tay ditkm js g`k ge tlk bkst spkkdlks kvkr ojmk, Ngl` E Fk``kmy ’s :=-oiùtk i`jucurjtig` jmmrkss i` Njùjry :95: wjs ojrfkm by spjrfai`c plrjsk-ojfi`c, i`daumi`c>



:3;

]lk dgaakdtivk `gtig` dj``gt bk vikwkm js j siopak substitutk egr tlk

virtuks ge i`mivimujaiso.:2: It is `gt sueeidik`t tg okrkay vikw j luoj`

bki`c js j okrk prgmudt ge tlk stjtk, `gr g`k tljt dj` bk stieakm gr

rkprksskm, gr i`mkkm kvk` sgakay sjtiseikm by bki`c subokrckm i`tg it.

Dgaakdtiviso j`m its dgrgaajry, i`tkcrjtig` (prgpgskm virtuks pgpuajr js j`

jio jog`cst tlk Tgdijaists tgmjy) rjtlkr tk`m tg subokrck tlk virtuks ge

i`mivimujaiso j`m tlk i`mivimuja’s imk`tity. I` sudl j` k`virgòk`t,

kxtrkoiso j`m rjmidjaiso gày eagurisl.

Xgaitidja Isajo itskae kxlibits tlk mj`ckrs ge j dgaakdtivk stjtk imkgagcy. ]lk

mj`ckrs ge sudl j pkrspkdtivk, bk it Dgoouìso, Ejsdiso gr Xgaitidja

Isajo itskae, slguam jawjys bk rksistkm. ]lk ojrvka ge tlk [T Dg`stitutig`

is tljt it iopaiditay rkdgcìsks jaa tlksk dgèaidti`c j`m pgssibak mj`ckrs,

j`m wkicls skduajriso witl ejitl j`m divid rkspg`sibiaity witl pgaitidja j`m

akcja dlkdfs j`m bjaj`dks.

]lkrk is j`gtlkr mj`ckr, jarkjmy jaaumkm tg, tljt wliast rjmidja Isajo

kvgfks dg`mko`jtig` ergo bgtl tlk Riclt j`m tlk Aket, tjdtidja

• 'Akt kvkry `jtig` f`gw, wlktlkr it wislks us wkaa gr iaa, tljt wk sljaa pjy j`ypridk, bkjr j`y burmk`, okkt j`y ljrmslip, suppgrt j`y erik`m, gppgsk j`yegk, i` grmkr tg jssurk tlk survivja j`m tlk suddkss ge aibkrty.'

• 'Ie j erkk sgdikty dj``gt lkap tlk oj`y wlg jrk pggr, it dj``gt sjvk tlk ekw wlg jrk ridl.'

• Tg akt us bkci` j`kw, rkokobkri`c g` bgtl simks tljt diviaity is `gt j sic` ge wkjf`kss, j`m si`dkrity is jawjys subnkdt tg prgge.'

•

'Akt us `kvkr `kcgtijtk gut ge ekjr but akt us `kvkr ekjr tg `kcgtijtk.'• 'Sk mjrk `gt tkopt tlko witl wkjf`kss. Egr gày wlk` gur jros jrk

sueeidik`t bkyg`m mgubt dj` wk bk dkrtji` bkyg`m mgubt tljt tlky wiaa `kvkr bkkopagykm.'

• 'J`m sg, oy ekaagw Jokridj`s - jsf `gt wljt ygur dgu`try dj` mg egr ygu, jsf wljt ygu dj` mg egr ygur dgu`try.

:2: Js Mjvy Drgdfktt g`dk sg kagquk`tay suoojriskm> ‑Rkokobkr tljt j cgvkròk`t

bic k`gucl tg civk ygu kvkrytli`c ygu wj`t is jasg bic k`gucl tg tjfk jwjy kvkrytli`c

ygu ljvk.‟



:35

misjcrkkok`ts g` lgw tg dgobjt it keekdtivkay ljvk akm tg j dgèuskm j`m

i`kpt rkspg`sk. ]lis ljs jasg jrisk` ajrckay tlrgucl j tk`mk`dy tg gbskrvk

pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss, wlidl i` tur` ljs j tk`mk`dy tg kxjdkrbjtk j jtig`ja

skae-agjtli`c, gr j` kxdkssivk `jtig`ja skae-dritidiso, uàkss it jdquiksdks

j`m tgakrjtks jaik` vjauk systkos. ]lk tk`mk`dy tg jssioiajtk is tlkrkegrk

durtjiakm but is j mj`ckrgus tgakrj`dk. ]lis wkjfk`s tlk ogrja rksgavk ge

j `jtig` js j wlgak j`m akssk`s j uìtkm j`m dg`sistk`t strjtkcy js j`

keekdtivk rkspg`sk. :22

]lk tk`mk`dy tg ìliaiso (j ogrja wkjf`kss) is i`drkjsi`cay jppjrk`t j`m

is utiaiskm tg tlkir jmvj`tjck by tlk Isajoid rjmidjas i` tlkir rkdruitok`t

strjtkcy tg mkekjt tlk Skst ck`krjaay. J` kopljsis g` j ajrckay ejask,

‑dgrrupt‟ wkstkr` listgry, j`m j vidtiolggm ok`tjaity prgpjcjtkm

jog`cst tlk Ousaio dgoouìty egstkrs tlis. Sliast tlk virtuks ge tlkir

gw` sfkwkm vjauks jrk siouatj`kgusay strk`ctlk`km vij dljrcks ge

rjdiso, bicgtry, gr xk`gplgbij jcji`st tlko.

]lky jasg utiaisk j brgjmkr jddkptj`dk ge aibkrja vjauks, prgogti`c

oi`grity riclts gvkr ojngrity riclts, tg jmm akvkrjck tg tlkir pgaitidja

jck`mj js j ‑vua`krjbak‟ oi`grity. ]lis prgpjcjtks j crjmuja jddkptj`dk

j`m iopakok`tjtig` ge sljrij vjauks j`m ajws i`tg dgu`triks usi`c tlk

nustieidjtig` ge kqujaity j`m divia riclts tg eurtlkr tlkir ièiatrjtig`, wliast

i`diti`c wkjf`kss i` tlkir k`koiks.

Bki`c ljostru`c by j` i`lkrk`t rkspkdt egr oi`grity luoj` riclts mgks

`gt `kdkssjriay kqujtk tg kqujaity, nustidk j`m ejir pajy egr jaa. @kitlkr dj`

tlk [.T, [F, gr Kurgpk ogrk ck`krjaay, jeegrm tg u`mkrkstiojtk tlk

tk`jdity ge tlk kxtrkoist oi`mskt, nust bkdjusk it is prksk`tay j sojaa

pkrdk`tjck ge tlk pgpuajdk. I` tlis, j dgopaktk dlj`ck ge kopljsis j`m

jttitumk by tlk pgaitidja kaitk dljopigì`c wkstkr` mkogdrjdy j`m its

:22 Tkk lkrk.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/10962850/British-guilt-over-jihadis-is-for-dummies.html






:33

uìvkrsja vjauks is `kkmkm. G`k bjskm g` tlk dajssidja virtuks ge tlk Crkkf

trjmitig` oust bk rkjeeirokm. ]lis oust bk djst `gt siopay i` tkros ge

kquja riclts egr oi`gritiks, gr pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss tljt civks gtlkrs tlk

uppkr lj`m. Sljt is rkquirkm, tg sjekcujrm ogrk keekdtivkay tlk pgpuajdk

js j wlgak, is j rkjeeirojtig` ge tlk virtuks tljt ojmk wkstkr` diviaisjtig`

crkjt, tlk ruak ge ajw j`m j` kopljsis g` tlk iopgrtj`dk ge wljt

dg`stitutks cggm ditizk`slip.

Xitejaas prkvk`ti`c Isajo’s ogmkrìsjtig` j`m kvgautig`

]lk rkjsg`s egr tlk prk-Kàicltkòk`t stjc`jtig` ge tlguclt i` Isajoid

ojngrity dgu`triks wkrk oj`y. ]lk rksuat i`crji`km j mkkp ck`krjtig`ja

pktrieidjtig` ge jttitumks i` tlkgagcy, mgcojtid kmudjtig` (iaaitkrjdy j`m j

ajdf ge j diviaisi`c wkstkr` ièauk`dk), turcim kdg`goids (tlk ajdf ge

ajisskz-ejirk erkk ojrfkts), j ricim tyrj`ìdja pgaitids (tlk jbsk`dk ge

mkogdrjtid pri`dipaks ge aibkrty witl dg`trga by og`jrdls, tlkgdrjts, j`m

jutgdrjts), j`m j duaturk tljt kvk` tgmjy k`dgurjcks tribjaiso. ]lis

tribjaiso k`dgurjcks mgcojtid crgup tli`f, j`m eurtlkr i`drkjsks tlk

aifkailggm ge dgèaidt bktwkk` wjrri`c crgups.

J`y rkegro, tlkrkegrk, dakjray rkquirks j` i`mivimuja jpprgjdl. But it is

g`k `gt rkjmiay vgudlsjekm by Isajo witl its dgoouìty kopljsis. ]lk

rkquirkok`t imkjaay rkquirks tlk i`mivimuja tg mkvkagp j ogrja dgopjss ge

aiek u`mkr Cgm, dgook`surjtk witl dg`stitutig`ja, mkogdrjtid, wkstkr`

vjauks, js tlky mkvkagp tlk u`mkrstj`mi`c gr sfiaa tg i`vksticjtk sdripturja

kxkcksis. But tlis is prgbakojtid wlk` tlk ogsquk skrvks js bgtl tlk

jutlgrity sdlgga ge jaa tli`cs Isajoid. It jdts, tlkrkegrk, `gt nust js j

prgpjcjtgr ge spirituja, ogrja j`m rkaicigus vjauks, but js j sgdija j`m



:3<

pgaitidja j`m duaturja dk`trk. Lk`dk, dgoouìty vjauks jrk ajrckay

ièauk`dkm vij its prkjdlkrs. Sliast sudl j dagsk rkajtig`slip kxists

bktwkk` tlk Ousaio dgoouìty j`m tlk ogsquk, j`m tlk ogsquks ljvk

sudl j ouatipaidity ge rgaks j`m eu`dtig`s, j`m tlus sudl j brgjm j`m wimk-

rj`ci`c ièauk`dk vij tlkgagcidja tkjdlkrs g` bkaikvkrs, tlk bkaikvkr wiaa

jawjys bk prky tg j`y ejsdistid, rjmidja j`m aitkrja Isajoid i`tkrprktjtig`s

slguam rgcuk tkjdlkrs jrisk. Rjmidjaiso dj` jawjys bk prgpjcjtkm j`m

kvk` civk` sjek ljrbgur witli` its wjaas. Dg`vkrskay kobrjdi`c j erkkr

jpprgjdl jwjy ergo tlk ogsquk, j ogrk pkrsg`ja pkrspkdtivk j`m

i`tkrprktjtig` ie ygu wiaa, is sioiajray prky tg tlk mj`ckrs geeu`mjok`tjaiso j`m j sfkwkm pkrspkdtivk witlgut spirituja akjmkrslip

j`m cuimj`dk. @gr is tlk akss dk`trjaiskm jpprgjdl kjsiay imk`tieijbak

slguam prgbakos jrisk. I` tlis it is prgbjbay bkst `gt tg dagsk mgw`

ogsquks wlidl jppkjr tg bk eu`dtigì`c jddkptjbay, but dkrtjiày tlk

kxdkssivk prgpjcjtig` ge tlko slguam `gt bk k`dgurjckm ie tlky dj``gt bk

prgpkray ogìtgrkm j`m sdrkk`km.

@g`-Ousaios oiclt dajio tlk prgbakos tgmjy jrk djuskm i`kvitjbay muk

tg tlk prgbako ge wljt Isajo is, wliast sgok egaagwkrs ge Isajo skkf tg

sliet tlk bajok k`tirkay g`tg tlk duaturk j`m vjauk systkos ge tlk Skst.

]lk Ousaios skk it js j dg`skquk`dk ge j` jaik` j`m dgrrupti`c ièauk`dk

upg` its vjauk systko tljt `kkms tg bk rksistkm, wlkrkjs `g`-Ousaios skk

Isajo itskae js tlk prgbako, muk tg its ajdf ge i`tkcrjtig` j`m dgègroitytg ‑aibkrja‟ mkogdrjtid vjauks. Bgtl wguam jcrkk ck`krjaay tljt wkstkr`

diviaisjtig` is kssk`tijaay i`dgopjtibak witl Isajo, j`m tljt dlj`ck ljs tg

bk iopakok`tkm js sgg` js pgssibak.

]lk ejiaurk ge Isajoid dgoouìtiks tg i`tkcrjtk skrvks js visibak prgge ge j

mispjrity bktwkk` tlk twg ogmkas ge diviaisjtig`. Egr tlk ogrk jrmk`t

Isajoid bkaikvkr it ljs bkk` kxjdkrbjtkm muk tg tlk duaturja mispjrity wlidl



:39

ljs jrisk` egr oj`y wlg jrk `gw bki`c rjiskm siopay js ‑ `goi`ja‟

Ousaios i` tlk Skst. I` tlis mispjrity, tlk ogrja ejduaty tlky dajio is `gt

bki`c sueeidik`tay mkvkagpkm js j bkaikvkr, muk tg tlk jaik`jtig` j`m

misi`tkcrjtig` ge wljt it okj`s tg bk j ditizk` i` j `g`-Ousaio dgu`try.

]lis k`dgurjcks j ogrja vjduuo, wlkrk tlk ygutl jrk bkdgoi`c prky tg

jaa fi`ms ge subvkrsig`, siopay bkdjusk ge j ajdf ge dglksig` bktwkk`

`jtig`ja j`m Isajoid duaturja imk`tity. Euaa jssioiajtig` tg tlk sljrij tlk`,

tlky dajio, oiclt grmi`jriay civk tlko j ogrk bjaj`dkm pkrspkdtivk j`m

bk`keit tlko psydlgagcidjaay js wkaa js ogrjaay j`m kogtig`jaay.

]lk `g`-bkaikvkrs, lgwkvkr, skk tlis js j eu`mjok`tja prgbako ge wljt

Isajo is j`m imk`tiey tlk issuk js j prgbako ge `gt euaay i`tkcrjti`c witl

wkstkr` vjauks. It is jssuokm tljt tlis wguam iopjir tlk kssk`tija `jturk

ge wljt Isajo is i` itskae. Ykt it is jasg surprisi`cay gvkraggfkm tljt tlksk

wkstkr` vjauks jrk bkdgoi`c i`drkjsi`cay iopjirkm by tlk jturk ge aibkrja

prgcrkssiviso itskae. I` tlis, oj`y wlg kspgusk tlis, jasg dg`trjriay skk

‑ wkstkr` aibkrjaiso‟ js j mj`ckr i` itskae , js tlky jrk usujaay ge j ogrk

riclt-wi`c stj`dk gppgskm tg aibkrja prgcrkssiviso. ]lk wkstkr` vjauk

systko tlk` is ajrckay bki`c krgmkm, muk tg tlk ouati-duaturja j`m

suprj`jtig`ja cgvkròk`t ogmkas bki`c iopgskm g` `jtig`s. J

rkjeeirojtig` ge dg`stitutig`jaiso i` tlis sk`sk is rkquirkm, i` grmkr tg

rkokmy tlk sidf`kss tlk Skst is sueekri`c ergo itskae> tlk skae-ìliaiso ge

wkstkr` aibkrja prgcrkssiviso `kkms tg bk durkm ge its iaas witl j lkjatlymgsk ge `jtig`jaiso, dg`skrvjtiviso j`m pjtrigtiso. ]lk pgsitivk keekdts

ge tlis g` tlk Ousaio dgoouìty dj` gày bk rkjpkm ie eu`mjok`tja

pkrspkdtivks jrk durtjiakm bgtl tlrgucl iooicrjtig` j`m vktti`c

okjsurks js ]ruop Xrksimk`dy is durrk`tay skkfi`c tg k`jdt i` tlk ejdk ge

oudl Mkogdrjt pjrty rksistj`dk.



:<8

I` rkspkdt tg Isajo, tlkrk is j ogrk prgjdtivk rgak `kkmkm egr ogmkrjtks tg

rki`tkrprkt tlk Zur’j` kmidts j`m ljmitl j`m tg pgpuajrisk tlk imkjs j`m

misoiss imkjs `gt dgook`surjtk witl ogmkrìty. It is `kdkssjry egr tlko

tg dgoouìdjtk ogrk k`tlusijstidjaay j `g`-aitkrja okssjck i` tlkir gw`

lgoks j`m dgoouìtiks. Ge dgursk, tlis sjmay i`vitks eurtlkr pkrskdutig`.

I` rkspkdt tg tlk oji`strkjo Ousaios i` tlk Skst, pjrk`ts tgg oust pajy

tlkir pjrt, js wkaa js ogsquks. J `g`-pgaitidja, j`ti-Isajoist pkrspkdtivk

akjr`t ergo pjrk`ts dj` bk uskm tg tkjdl suddkkmi`c ck`krjtig`s jbgut tlk

virtuks ge tlk ejitl, wliast prkskrvi`c ‑dg`skrvjtivk‟ vjauks `gt i` dgèaidt

witl j wkstkr` `jtig`’s ajws j`m agyjatiks. ]g mjtk, slgdfi`cay, sgok

pjrk`ts ljvk i` spitk ge mkìjas egstkrkm j` k`virgòk`t i` wlidl

kxtrkoiso ljs kvk` bkk` ùrturkm. Gtlkrs rkai`quisl rkspg`sibiaity,

dajioi`c tlky ljvk `gt bkk` sueeidik`tay jwjrk ge tlkir dliamrk`’s rjmidja

tk`mk`diks. ]lis ljs bkk` vjrijbay ojmk js j` kxdusk. I` rjrk i`stj`dks,

tlis wjs j` kxdusk kvk` uskm tg ojsf tlkir dliamrk`’s rjmidjaisjtig` by

tlkoskavks. Oudl ge tlis rkquirks ogìtgri`c j`m djrkeua kmudjtig` jt jaa

akvkas, sg tljt dliamrk` jvgim tlk pitejaas j`m mg `gt ekka j summk` mksirk tg

kagpk tg Tyrij g` sgok ejaskay rgoj`tidiskm j`m mj`ckrgus qukst. Bgtl

pjrk`ts j`m tlk dgrrkdt sdlgga k`virgòk`t dj` pajy its pjrt. Tuddksseua

i`tkcrjtig` i` j`y sgdikty bkci`s witl djrkeua rkjri`c j`m j djri`c

k`virgòk`t tg ùrturk tlk ogrja vjauks ge ditizk`slip. Ttjtk kmudjtig`

dj``gt siopay bk gvkray kopljsiskm js j substitutk.

Sitl kmudjtig`ja jios i` oi`m, tlk Jokridj` Isajoid Egruo egr

Mkogdrjdy wjs egrokm, witl j` ktlgs mkmidjtkm tg mkekjti`c tlk rggt



:<:

djusk ge tkrrgriso by jmvgdjti`c tlksk fi`m ge okjsurks js j pajtegro egr

j`y fi`m ge rkegro.:24

Sliast sgok ojy vikw tlk pri`dipaks ge sudl grcjìsjtig`s js tlk JIEM jslkrksy, gr j okrk ojrci`ja ogvkok`t i` Isajo, it slguam bk vikwkm js j

pgsitivk mkvkagpok`t j`m j stkp i` tlk riclt mirkdtig` tgwjrms rkegro j`m

i`tkcrjtig` witl dg`stitutig`ja, ogrk wkstkrìskm vjauks. Grcjìsjtig`s

sudl js JIEM slguam bk k`dgurjckm i`tkr`jtig`jaay j`m ei`j`dkm i` tlk

Skst, `gt siopay by dg`dkr`km ditizk`s, but by cgvkròk`ts jasg.

Cgvkròk`t suppgrt `gw ljs bkk` visibay ajdfi`c.

:24 Egr j euaa aist ge tlk bjsid pri`dipaks ge JIEM’s oj`mjtk skk lkrk.

JIEM kxpaiditay j`m eu`mjok`tjaay rknkdt j`y nustieidjtig` wljtsgkvkr egr j`y egro getkrrgriso (tlk tjrckti`c ge diviaij`s j`m `g`-dgobjtj`ts).

• ]lky skkf tg i`tkaakdtujaay j`m ogrjaay i`vjaimjtk tlk Isajoist (Ousaio suprkojdist) bkaike systko. ]lky rknkdt tlk jssgdijtig` ge Isajoiso witl Isajo.

• ]lky skkf tg gpkày `jok j`m dljaak`ck Isajoist grcjìsjtig`s j`m tlkir k`jbakrs,i` grmkr tg dakjray mkojrdjtk grcjìsjtig`s wlidl kxpagit tlk rkaicig` ge Isajo egr tlkirgw` pgaitidja purpgsks.

• ]lky rkdgcìsk tljt tlkrk slguam bk `g dakrcy i` Isajo j`m jddkpt tlk Zur’j` js tlkoji` rkekrk`dk egr misdussig`s rkcjrmi`c ejitl.

• ]lky prgogtk j bkaike tljt paurjaiso j`m ogmkrjtig` jrk eu`mjok`tja pri`dipaks getlk Lgay Zur’j`.

• ]lky rkdgcìsk j`m lg`gur tlk pri`dipaks ge i`mivimuja aibkrty j`m erkkmgo, js wkaajs tlk pri`dipak tljt tlk prjdtidk ge rkaicig` j`m its ajws jrk j ojttkr ge erkk dlgidk

witli` j` i`mivimuja’s bkaikes j`m dg`sdik`dk gày. ]lky jasg jddkpt cgvkròk`tja ajwsslguam bk bjskm upg` tlk Dg`stitutig` j`m Biaa ge Riclts j`m bk mkrivkm ergo rkjsg`.

• ]lky skkf tg kmudjtk tlk pubaid rkcjrmi`c tlk spkdija listgrid rkajtig`slip bktwkk`Numjiso, Dlristijìty j`m Isajo.

•]lky pubaiday jeeiro tlk vikw tljt tlk priojry tlrkjt tg Jokridj is ergo bgtl vigak`tj`m `g`-vigak`t Isajoists wlg kxpagit tlk ejitl ge Isajo, j`m wlg usk imk`tity pgaitids,

vidtiogagcy, tribjaiso, j`m i`tioimjtig` tg eurtlkr tlkir cgja ge Isajoist lkckog`y.

http://aifdemocracy.org/about/foundational-values/






:<2

J dgopjrjbak grcjìsjtig` wguam bk tlk Luojìst j`m Duaturja Ousaio

Jssgdijtig` (LDOJ), wlidl ogbiaisks pkgpak witl j` Isajoid lkritjck j`m

duaturk dg`sistk`t witl j luojìstid pliagsgply ge aiek. LDOJ Oissig`

Ttjtkok`t k`visig`s>

‑…j wgram wlkrk pkgpak witl j` Isajoid lkritjck jrk erkk tg aivk g`tlk bjsis ge rkjsg`, kxpkrik`dk j`m sljrkm luoj` vjauks. Guroissig` is tg drkjtk j` ièauk`tija ojss ogvkok`t mkvgtkm tg tljtk`m.‟

Luojìst j`m Duaturja Ousaios `kkm tg>

• Imk`tiey witl tlk listgry j`m duaturk ge Isajo j`m wisl j prgcrkssivk

euturk egr Ousaio pkgpak.

• Bkaikvk Isajoid imk`tity is bkst prkskrvkm i` j erkk, i`tkrduaturja j`m

paurjaistid k`virgòk`t by vjaui`c j`m rkspkdti`c i` tur` tlk riclt

ge jaa pkgpak tg lgam tlkir ejitls j`m duaturk.

• Bkaikvk erkkmgo j`m micìty ge Ousaios oust cg lj`m i` lj`m witl

tlk erkkmgo j`m micìty ge kvkry luoj` bki`c.

• ]li`f ogrjaity ljs its grici` witli` luojìty j`m is bjskm g`

luoj` vjauks.

• Bkaikvk luoj` bki`cs pgsskss tlk wiaa j`m pgwkr tg sljpk j`m tjfk

rkspg`sibiaity egr tlkir gw` aivks.

Tjie Rjloj` tlk egu`mkr tlk` bkaikvks i` jddk`tujti`c ‑tlk bkst i` kjdl

ge us‟ wlidl tlk` ‑k`ridlks us jaa‟.

Ge dgursk, sudl j` ktlgs is `gt prkvjak`t jog`c tlk tlguclt akjmkrs ge

Tu`ì Isajo, j`m wliast tlis is tlk djsk, tlk prgbakos j`m issuks egr tlk

ojngrity ge wlg j`m wljt slguam mkei`k Isajo rkoji`s. Is it tg bk mkei`km

by jaa Ousaios, gr gày tlk subskt ge Ousaios wlg jrk dakrids7 Ie j



:<4

ojngrity, ie `gt j paurjaity ge Ousaios, djtkcgridjaay rknkdt pgaitidja Isajo,

tlk euturk wiaa stjrt tg aggf ogrk pgsitivk. Egr `gw, lgwkvkr, tlk djsk egr

j`m jcji`st jppkjrs tg bk vkry oudl i`drkjsi`cay wkicltkm tgwjrms j

aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` j`m, tlkrkegrk, j` i`drkjsi`cay eu`mjok`tja, jrdljid

j`m kvk` vigak`t jpprgjdl tjuclt witli` tlk sj`dtujry ge tlk ogsquk.

]lk issuk ge prkdiskay lgw rkegro dguam bk iopakok`tkm mrjws gpiìg`.

Tlguam rkegro ljppk` ergo j bgttgo up (ajy tg dakrid) jpprgjdl, gr j tgp

mgw` (dakrid tg ajy) jpprgjdl, wlidl oj`y dritids sudl js Rgbkrt Tpk`dkr

jrk skkfi`c.:2= Listgry slgws tljt gtlkr rkegro ogvkok`ts i` Kurgpk

gddurrkm jt j crjssrggts akvka u`tia tlky dgobi`km witl j pgaitidja aibkrty

ogvkok`t. Jcji`, jttkopti`c tg pickg`-lgak tlk Ouljoojm Ja-Zjmri’s

ge tlk wgram js j “duat’ mgks `gt lkap tlkir ogvkok`ts, j`m rjtlkr okj`s

tlkir ejtk is skjakm j`m pkriplkrja witli` tlk ‑Lgusk ge Isajo‟.:2;

Ogst sdlgajrs ge tlk ‑Lgusk ge Isajo‟ jrk dg`trgaakm by rjmidja

eu`mjok`tjaists wlg usk j` jutlgritjtivk sljrij, i`dgopjtibak witl tlk

:2= Tpk`dkr mgks `gt bkaikvk tljt trjmitig`ja Isajo is ‑i`lkrk`tay tkrrgristid‟ but jrcuks‑trjmitig`ja Isajo dg`tji`s vigak`t j`m suprkojdist kakok`ts‟, j`m tljt ‑its vjrigussdlggas u`jìogusay tkjdl wjrejrk jcji`st j`m tlk subnucjtig` ge u`bkaikvkrs‟.Lgwkvkr, lk rknkdts tlk `gtig` tljt jaa Ousaios jrk `kdkssjriay vigak`t pkgpak. Lk ljssjim tljt jog`c ogmkrjtk Ousaios, ‑tlkrk jrk sgok wlg jrk ckùi`kay tryi`c tg erjokj tlkgry j`m prjdtidk ge Isajo tljt wiaa jaagw egr pkjdkeua dgkxistk`dk witl u`bkaikvkrsjs kqujas.‟ Tpk`dkr ljs jasg sjim tljt lk wguam wkadgok j`y Ousaio wlg rk`gu`dks

niljm j`m mliooitumk tg ngi` lio i` lis ‑j`ti-niljmist keegrts‟ but ekkas tljt tlgskpursui`c lis djaakm-egr rkegros wiaa ejdk j mieeiduat tjsf, bkdjusk ‑tlk rjmidjas jdtujaaymg ljvk j strg`ckr tlkgrktidja, tlkgagcidja, j`m akcja bjsis witli` Isajo egr wljt tlky

bkaikvk tlj` tlk ogmkrjtks mg.‟

Lk ljs jasg jrcukm tljt oj`y sg-djaakm rkegrokrs jrk gt i`tkrkstkm i` ckùi`k rkegro, but djopjic` siopay tg mkeakdt sdruti`y j`m jrk kvk` jdti`c js j ;tl Dgauo`. I` tlisrkspkdt, Tpk`dkr ljs kxprksskm dritidiso ge DJIR j`m ùokrgus gtlkr Ousaiojmvgdjdy crgups tljt lk dajios jrk dagskay tikm tg niljmist grcjìsjtig`s, sudl js tlkOusaio Brgtlkrlggm. Lk ljs jasg dritidiskm tlk kopagyok`t by DJIR ge skvkrjaOusaios wlg wkrk dg`vidtkm g` dljrcks rkajti`c tg tkrrgriso. Tkk lkrk.

:2; Egr tlk Tuei Ouljoojm ]jlir-ua-Zjmri’s bjdfcrgu`m skk lkrk.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Spencer_(author)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri






:<=

imkjs ge aibkrty j`m tlk skpjrjtig` ge ogsquk j`m stjtk. ]lis is kspkdijaay

truk egr tlk lubs ge dk`trja ièauk`dk i` Tu`ì tlguclt i` Tjumi Jrjbij j`m

jt Ja-Jzljr i` Kcypt. J`ti-Isajoist Ousaios f`gw j`m u`mkrstj`m tlk

ejitl. Sljt is rkquirkm, tlkrkegrk, jrk `kw pajtegros j`m okmiuos tg ckt

`kw Isajoid vgidks tg stjrt tlk bkci`ì`cs ge rkegro.

J mijakdtid mkbjtk, j fi`m ge i`tkaakdtuja wjr, `kkms tg gddur witli` tlk

Lgusk ge Isajo tg fidf stjrt tlis prgdkss. ]lis wiaa bk tlk gày wjy tg eicurk

gut wlidl Isajo, j`m wlgsk Isajo, wiaa uatiojtkay triuopl. Mkbjtk j`m

jcrkkok`t, js listgry slgws, is jawjys tlk `jturja dg`dausig` tg j`y wjr.

I` tlis, tg misoiss jaa ge ‑Isajo‟ js ioogmkrjtk mkìks j pajtegro egr tlk

bkst pgtk`tija jaay i` tlk eiclt jcji`st rjmidja Isajo> tlk mkvgut j`ti-

rjmidja Ousaios tlkoskavks, wlg ykt wgrslip Cgm. ]lky, jbgvk jaa,

prgvimk j vijbak sgautig` tljt wiaa vgudlsjek tlk mkekjt ge suprkojdist,

rjmidja Isajo. ]lky jrk tlk g`ks witl tlk ogst keekdtivk trkjtok`t egr tlk

miskjsk ge pgaitidja kxtrkoiso witli` tlkir gw` ejitl, siopay bkdjusk tlky

dj` egrouajtk tlk ogst keekdtivk rkspg`sk.

Ie Isajo is mkei`km okrkay i` tkros ge wljt is bki`c tjuclt j`m prgogtkm

i`drkjsi`cay i` ‑oji`strkjo‟ ogsquks, lgwkvkr, tlk euturk aggfs bakjf.

]lk prgbako is tljt tlis egro ge Isajoid tkjdli`c is `gt dgu`tkrbjaj`dkm

k`gucl by j tlkgagcidjaay bjskm pkjdkeua i`tkrprktjtig` witl j` kopljsis

g` `jtig`ja dg`stitutig`ja pgaitidja vjauks. ]lk ‑oji`strkjo‟ sdlggas ge

nurisprumk`dk i` Isajo jppkjr tg dg`stitutk tlk crkjtkr pjrt ge Isajo, j`m

tlksk jddkpt prknumidk ge oi`gritiks, djpitja puìslok`t j`m subnucjtig`

ge `g`-bkaikvkrs i` sgok wjy gr j`gtlkr tljt dg`stitutks j aggskr

mkeiìtig` ge vigak`dk, kvk` wlk` tlky mg `gt `kdkssjriay spkdieidjaay

prgogtk tkrrgriso. I` tlis tgg, Isajo i`tri`sidjaay rkquirks suboissig`

j`m `gt rkegro, j`m its i`trjdtjbak mgcojtid rksiaik`dk is vkry oudl skae-



:<;

sustjiì`c i` tlk prksk`t skt up, prgpjcjti`c js it mgks tlk suprkojdy ge

tlk sljrij.

Iopakok`ti`c Isajoid rkegro siopay jt tlk crjssrggts akvka wguam bkmieeiduat tg nustiey by j` jppkja tg j ogrk ‑mivi`k‟ eu`mjok`tjaiso. ]lk

gày wjy tlis dguam bk iopakok`tkm is by bjsidjaay tkjri`c tlk Zur’j` i`tg

twg j`m ojfi`c tlk dajio tlk pkjdkeua Okddj` vkrsks rkprksk`t truk

Isajo.:25 Ykt prksk`tay, js wkaa js listgridjaay, mk`yi`c tlk trjmitig`ja wjys

ge tkjdli`c j`m trj`soissig` is dg`simkrkm mk`yi`c j eu`mjok`tja bkaike

i` tlk ejitl itskae. ]lk truk dg`tkxt is tlk uttkrj`dks ge tlk Xrgplkt j`m lis

rkvkajtig`, j`m j`y rkvkajtig` ge lis is jeegrmkm mivi`k stjtus js tlk

uatiojtk nustieidjtig`. Sliast tlis oiclt bk pgpuajriskm, tlis jasg rjtlkr

i`vitks j` i`drkjsi`c tk`mk`dy tg j aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig` ge tlk Xrgplkt’s

uttkrj`dks. ]lk wgrms ge tlk Xrgplkt, lis rkvkajtig` j`m mivi`k oissig`,

wiaa jawjys bk vikwkm js tlk bk`dlojrf ge akcitiojdy, but tlk

dg`trjmidtig` tlj`feuaay stiaa i`vitks misputk js tg its jutlk`tid okjì`c.

:25 Dkrtjiày, bjskm g` tlk listgridja kvimk`dk, j misti`dtig` dguam bk ojmk bktwkk` j

rkaicigus j`m j pgaitidja Isajo by rkekrk`dk tg tlk tkxts. J misti`dtig` wlidl suppgrts j

trukr eu`mjok`tjaiso, ogrk i` fkkpi`c witl tlk grici`ja ogrk pkjdkeua Okddj`

pkrigm, but it is dkrtjiày gt j dgoogày lkam, gr wimksprkjm vikw i` Isajo tgmjy. J`y

grici`ja pkrspkdtivk, prkmjti`c tlk Xrgplkt’s oicrjtig` tg Okmi`j, wguam dkrtjiày bk

ogrk i` fkkpi`c witl j pkjdkeua Numjkg Dlristij` wkstkr` ktlgs, ie `gt its aibkrja

vjauks, but it is g`k dakjray tljt is `gt kjsiay mktkroi`km, gr g`k tljt wguam bk rkjmiay

jddkptkm. It sioiajr prgvimks j `kw eu`mjok`tjaiso bgr` by rkdgursk tg tlk Okmi`j`

surjs js j rkspg`sk. Lgwkvkr, bksimks tlk aifkailggm ge `kw eu`mjok`tja skdts js jrkspg`sk jrisi`c, it wguam i` j`y djsk bk rkjmiay dritidiskm js lkrktidja by oj`y ejr

ogrk ag`c-kstjbaislkm skdts. j`m its dajios tg listgridja jutlk`tidity wguam

mgubtakssay bk rknkdtkm bkdjusk ge tlis, nust js tlk Jlojmiyyj ljs. ]lk ogrja j`m

mgdtri`ja vjaimity ge it wguam bk tlk tjsf ge tlkgagcij`s tg mktkroi`k, but its aifkay

dlj`dk ge suddkss is liclay uàifkay witlgut `jtig`ja cgvkròk`t j`m `g`-Ousaio

suppgrt. J`y jvkùk egr rkegro rkquirks j `kw mkpjrturk j`m ogmkr` mkogdrjtid

i`tkrprktjtig`, but tlis is g`k jasg jt agcckrlkjms witl tlk nustieidjtig` ge j ogrk

listgridjaay jutlk`tid pkrspkdtivk, kvk` ie it dguam bk jdlikvkm by rkdgursk tg styaistid

j`m pliagagcidja, js wkaa js tlkgagcidja j`jaysis.



:<5

]lk trk`ms tg mjtk jog`cst tlk ygu`c ljvk i`drkjsi`cay ejvgurkm

rjmidjaiskm, `kwkr egros ge Isajo. ITIT (ITIA gr Mjksl) durrk`tay dajio

tljt tlky tlkoskavks rkprksk`t j `kw eu`mjok`tjaiso, j ‑rkegro‟ i` ejitl

j`m prjdtidk js tg wljt tlk Xrgplkt’s rkvkajtig` k`tjias gr truay sicìeiks.

I` tlis, tlky tgg jppkja egr j rkegro by jppkjai`c tg tlk priojdy ge tlk

mivi`k tkjdli`cs ge tlk Xrgplkt, i` pjrt i` rkspkdt tg kjraikr ogrk jutlk`tid

jttitumks j`m prjdtidks. J `kw rkegro tlk` wguam ljvk tg dakjray

mkojrdjtk its pkjdkeua i`tk`tig`s ergo tlkir gw` dg`dkr`s ie it `gt tg bk

pubaiday djsticjtkm ergo tlk gutskt.

Sliast sudl jpprgjdlks tk`m tg bk misoisskm js lkrksy i` tlk oji`strkjo

pubaiday, j crgwi`c ùobkr ljvk privjtkay k`mgrskm tlko. J likrjrdly ge

sdlgajstid i`tkrprktjtig` tljt kopgwkrs tlk Iojo js tlk cujrmij` ge tlis,

rjtlkr i` tlk oj``kr tlk Xgpk j`m Ujtidj` jrk tlk i`tkrprktkrs j`m

cujrmij`s ge tlk Djtlgaid ejitl vgidk tlkir misjpprgvja ge tlk tkrrgrist

geeslggts. Ykt tlis i` tur` ojfks crjssrggts dlj`ck vkry mieeiduat tg

iopakok`t jcji`st tlko, pjrtiduajray ie tljt dlj`ck mirkdtay iopkrias tlk

jutlgrity ge tlk fkkpkrs ge wljt tlk durrk`t ejitl is suppgskm tg k`tjia.

]lk rkquirkok`t egr keekdtivk rkegro rkquirks kxkrti`c ogrk prkssurk j`m

j ck`krja dritidiso ge tlk vigak`t tkjdli`cs tljt kxist i` oji`strkjo

tlkgagcidja Isajo. ]lis rkquirks rkegro, witlgut `kdkssjriay jppkjai`c tg

tlk liclkr Isajoid jutlgritiks jag`k j`m mgw`pajyi`c j`y aitkrjajpprgjdl. ]g bk erj`f ogmkrìsjtig` jag`c tlksk ai`ks wguam bk

rkvgautig`jry, j`m j mieeiduat ogvkok`t tg pgpuajrisk. I`mkkm, it ojy bk

iopgssibak tg jdlikvk, js crjss rggts ogvkok`ts jrk ck`krjaay sùeekm gut,

bkegrk tlky dj` kvk` bkdgok pgpuajr gr ièauk`tija.

I` durrk`t tioks, tlk Jlojmmiyj pkrljps rkprksk`t tlk bkst aifkailggm egr

prgpjcjti`c rkegro. Lgwkvkr, tlky jrk struccai`c tg stj`m jcji`st tlk



:<3

durrk`t j`m mgoi`j`t Tjajei tkjdli`c witli` Isajo. ]lkir ièauk`dk g`

oji`strkjo Isajo tg mjtk ljs bkk` durtjiakm j`m aioitkm. ]lkir rkegro

ogvkok`t, lgwkvkr, wlidl burst g` tlk sdk`k js j bai`mi`c aiclt j dk`tury

jcg, ljs `gw ajrckay missipjtkm j`m crgw` mio. ]lk purvkygrs ge rjmidja

Isajo skkf tg kdaipsk its djusk witl tlk bajzk ge tlkir gw` rjmidja ekrvgur

j`m tlk eajsl ge tlk suidimk bgobkr, sg tlk `kkm egr j `kw rkegro

ogvkok`t tljt dj` k`krcisk j `kw `g`vigak`t pgpuajriso is urck`t.

Dj` j uìtkm erg`t ge ‑ogmkrjtks‟ i`mudk Isajoid rkegro7

Isajo dj` bk imk`tieikm i` its oji` paj`fs by ]jesir,:23 Ljmitl,:2< Tirjl:29

j`m Tu``jl:48. Oj`y ge tlk prjdtidks k`dgurjck jdtig`s tljt jrk `gt

ogmkrjtk gr pkjdkeua. I`mkkm, tlk oji`strkjo pkrspkdtivk kvgavkm ergo

tlksk tkxts nustieiks j` ktlgs ge vigak`dk j`m struccak j`m it is g`k tljt is

vkry oudl systkojtid, rkeakdtkm j`m prjdtidkm js it is i` tlk sljrij.:4:

Lgwkvkr, j pkjdkeua u`mkrstj`mi`c ge tlk rkaicig` i` sgok rkspkdts dakjray

is pgssibak dg`simkri`c j` ksgtkrid i`tkrprktjtig` j`m tlk prgdajiokm

stj`dk ge sgok spiritujaiskm skdts egr pkjdk. Ogmkrjtk Ousaios tgg ge

dgursk mg kxist. I` tlis rkspkdt, lgwkvkr, tlky jppkjr `gt tg prjdtidk tlk

mgoi`j`t tlkgagcy, j`m tlky jppkjr tg ljvk mkvkagpkm tlkir gw` liclay

pkrsg`ja i`tkrprktjtig`s egr tlk rkaicig` tg suit ogrk ogmkr` skduajr

`kkms. ]lis pkrsg`ja jpprgjdl, wliast bki`c i`mivimuja, ajdfs tlk

`kdkssjry mgdtri`ja dg`tkxt `kdkssjry egr wimksprkjm pgpuajrity. [`tia

tlksk pkrsg`ja i`tkrprktjtig`s bkdgok egrojaiskm, j`m uìegroay jmgptkm

:23 Egr ]jesir skk lkrk. :2< Egr Ljmitl skk lkrk. :29 Egr Tirjl skk lkrk. :48 Egr Tu``jl skk lkrk. :4: Egr Tljrij skk lkrk.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafsir



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith



http://i-cias.com/e.o/sira.htm



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia










:<<

i` sgok typk ge tkjdli`c, ogmkrjtk oji`strkjo Isajo dj``gt bk

suddksseuaay iopakok`tkm. ]lk mj`ckrs ge rjmidjaiso tgg rkoji` j`m ojy

kxpagit tlk vua`krjbak j`m dgèuskm jog`cst tlk `goi`ja dgoouìty.

]lk dg`skquk`dks ge dlj`ck, bjskm g` tlk durrk`t, i`drkjsi`cay pgpuajr

aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`, egr sgok skdtjrij`s, succksts j bakjf euturk egr `g`-

Ousaios j`m ogmkrjtks jaifk.

Oj`y Ousaio skdtjrij`s jrk dg`simkrkm ‑lkrktids‟, sudl js tlk

Jlojmiyyj, but `gt jaa Isajoid skdts jrk pkrskdutkm oi`gritiks> tlk Ibjmis

ru` Goj` j`m dg`stitutk 38% ge its pgpuajtig`6 tlk Jajwis, jatlgucl j

oi`grity, stiaa kxkrt ièauk`dk i` Jssjm’s skduajr Tyrij6 tlk Isoj’iai

oi`gritiks jrk dkrtjiày `gt pkrskdutkm i` I`mij, ]j`zjìj gr Britji`6

jatlgucl tlky jrk i` Tjumi Jrjbij, but oj`y jrk bksimks tlk Tjajeists. Tueis

tgg, wliak getk` i` misputk witl tlk Sjlljbis jrk pgpuajr i` pajdks aifk

Tk`kcja, Tumj` j`m I`mg`ksij. Sliak tlksk Isajoid skdts jaa tgam jrk

dkrtjiày i` j oi`grity (sgokwlkrk jrgu`m 3-<% ge tlk wgram’s Ousaio

pgpuajtig`) tljt stiaa jogu`ts tg jbgut :88 oiaaig` pkgpak. ]lis ùobkr

dguam bk mgubakm ie sgok ge tlk ]wkavkr Tlihis wkrk i`daumkm. ]ljt dguam

prgvimk j djtjayst egr rkegro, `g ojttkr lgw sojaa tlk ùobkr. Autlkr

dkrtjiày stjrtkm witl ejr ekwkr Dlristij`s, j`m ykt lk oj`jckm tg spjrf j

rkegro ogvkok`t.

]lk qukstig` is, jrk tlksk mispjrjtk pkrspkdtivks sueeidik`tay jaifk tg ojfktlk imkj ge j dg-gpkrjtivk ge ogmkrjtk skdts tg iopakok`t rkegro kvk` j

pgssibiaity7 ]lk rkvivja ge Ouhtjziaiso (j rjtig`jaist Isajoid imkgagcy tljt

wjs sùeekm gut i` tlk :8tl dk`tury J.M.) oiclt jppkjr tg geekr lgpk egr

rkegro egr kxjopak, but sudl vikws jrk imigsy`drjtid witli` Tu`ì Isajo.

Sljt is bki`c tjuclt i` tlgsk vkry skdts tgg getk` i`spirks j mkcrkk ge

rkciok`tjtig` j`m duat-aifk mkvgtig`. ]lky tk`m tg k`dgurjck j` kvgavi`c

eu`mjok`tjaiso j`m skpjrjtiso i` tur`. ]lis is kspkdijaay i` djsks wlkrk



:<9

j skdt is pjrtijaay egu`mkm g` j dljrisojtid akjmkr, sudl js tlk Isoj’iais egr

kxjopak. Jatlgucl tlk akjmkr jppkjrs tg bk dgoouìdjti`c j `g`-vigak`t

okssjck dg`dkrì`c niljm, tlk bjsid prkoisks j`m eu`mjok`tjas egr

midtjtgrslip stiaa rkoji`. Jmoittkmay, sudl i`tkrprktjtig`s jrk prkekrjbak

tg Tjajeiso, but ie tlis is gày tg bk rkpajdkm by j duat aifk dk`trja Okssijìd

eicurk jmvgdjti`c j` jbsgautk i`tkrprktjtig` ge pgaitidja j`m rkaicigus

pkrspkdtivks, tlk situjtig` wguam mieekr aittak ergo tlk tyrj`ìdja eicurks

tljt ljvk pajcukm tlk w gram’s pgaitidja sdk`k tlrguclgut listgry.

I` j`y djsk, j crjss-rggts rkegrojtig` purkay ergo witli` Tu`ìso skkos

uàifkay. ]lk aifkailggm ge rkegro iopakok`tkm by Isajoid akjmkrs

tlkoskavks jasg skkos uàifkay. Kàicltkòk`t gày tggf pajdk jetkr tlk

Xrgtkstj`t Rkegrojtig` ljm brgfk` tlk og`gpgay ge tlk Djtlgaid

likrjrdly i` Kurgpk. ]ljt rkegrojtig` ge Dlristk`mgo wjs i`dimk`tjaay

akm by dakrids i` tlis dg`tkxt (Autlkr, Djavi`, ]y`mjak) j`m `gt by ajyoj`.

Sljt Isajo rkjaay `kkms tlkrkegrk (i` tlk aiclt ge i`trj`sick`t dakrids wlg

dai`c tg j aitkrjaist jpprgjdl) jrk rkegro-oi`mkm dakrids ogrk syopjtlktid

tg j` jaakcgridja, pliagsgplidja rkjmi`c ge tlk tkxt j`m j pkjdkeua ktlgs

ogrk syopjtlktid tg Skstkr` dg`stitutig`jaiso j`m mkogdrjtid vjauks.

]lksk dj` k`tlusk j crjssrggts ogvkok`t tgg j`m ak`m akcitiojdy tg tlk

dajios j`m djusk. ]lis, lgwkvkr, rkquirks j akss eu`mjok`tja sljrij j`m j

akss mgcojtid jmlkrk`dk tg its ajws js tlky durrk`tay kxist.

Mijagcuk bktwkk` tlk rkaicigus akjmkrs j`m tlk Tu`ì ojngrity, js j

dggrmi`jtkm strjtkcy is j` iopkrjtivk, but jppkjrs liclay ioprgbjbak j`m

tg mjtk ljs rkoji`km sg6 egr wly slguam sudl akjmkrs vgau`tjriay misduss

tlk pgssibiaity ge rksdi`mi`c tlkir gw` dajio tg pgwkr i` tlk i`tkrksts ge

siopay jaagwi`c j` jatkr`jtivk pkrspkdtivk tg eagurisl7 ]lis is gvkr j`m

jbgvk tlk djsk tljt it dguam bk dritidiskm j`ywjy js lkrktidja, tgg aibkrja

j`m tlus kssk`tijaay j`ti-Isajoid.



:98

]lk crkjtkst gbstjdak rksts jog`c tlk ‑tlguclt akjmkrs ge Tu`ì Isajo‟.

]lkrk is prgbjbay `gt g`k wlg wguam jddkpt tljt tlkrk is j`y sicìeidj`t

misti`dtig` tg bk ojmk bktwkk` ‑Isajo‟ js j pkrsg`ja spirituja ejitl (j

pkrsg`ja suboissig` tg Cgm), j`m tlk ‑Lgusk ge Isajo‟ wlidl ogrk

brgjmay i`daumks tlk k`tirk luoj` dgrpus ge Isajoid sdlgajrslip,

f`gwakmck (iao) j`m nurisprumk`dk (sljrij) js kspguskm by tlko. I`mkkm,

g`k wguam bk ljrm-prksskm tg ei`m g`k jog`c tlgsk akjmkrs ge Tu`ì Isajo

wlg wguam `gt dajssiey sudl j misti`dtig` js j lkrksy.

Jatlgucl sgok skdts jrk tgakrjtkm by virtuk ge tlko `gt keekdti`c crkjt gr

rjmidja tlkgagcidja, gr ogrk iopgrtj`tay pgaitidja dlj`ck, by virtuk ge tlkir

sojaa ùobkrs, ogrk ck`krjaay, mk`yi`c dkrtji` Isajoid i`tkrprktjtig`s js

dgoouìdjtkm by tlko ojfks g`k j` jpgstjtk i` tlkir kyks. Jpgstjsy dj`

djrry j sk`tk`dk ge mkjtl. J`y jttkopt tg keekdt prjdtidja rkegro tlk`

dguam tricckr tlk dljrck ge jpgstjsy j`m j`y jssuoptig` ge j aibkrjaisjtig`

ge Isajoid vjauks dj` bk quidfay sùeekm gut, kvk` ie tlis wkrk tg bk

iopakok`tkm jog`cst oi`grity Isajoid skdts tlkoskavks. :42

Rkegro rkquirks j akjp ge ejitl j`m j dggrmi`jtkm rkspg`sk ergo vjrigus

Isajoid skdts jrgu`m tlk wgram. Sitlgut j dgobi`km keegrt tlk tlkgagcidja

j`m akcja dg`strudtig` ge Isajo j`m j trj`segrojtig` ge tlk ]wkavkr Tlijs

wiaa `kvkr gddur. :44 But tlis rjtlkr suppgsks tljt kvk` tlgsk gpkày

:42 It wjs gày jetkr tlk prgspkdt ge sudl j mkjtl sk`tk`dk wjs rkogvkm i` Rkegrojtig`Kurgpk tljt Autlkr, j`m tlk rkst wkrk jbak tg cji` ajrck egaagwi`cs j`m ièauk`dkprgdkkmi`cs. But tlk tlkgagcidja egu`mjtig`s egr sudl j mkjtl sk`tk`dk jrk oudlstrg`ckr i` Isajo tlj` tlky kvkr wkrk i` Dlristijìty j`m tlk aifkailggm ge it bki`c aietkmuàifkay.

:44 ]wkavkr Tli’iso is tlk geeidija rkaicig` ge tlk Isajo Rkpubaid ge Irj`. ]lk ouaajlsge its djpitja jrk ljrmay pjrjcg`s ge Isajoid ogmkrjtig`.



:9:

‑pkjdkeua‟ ogrk ogmkrjtk skdts dj` bkdgok uìtkm j`m utiaiskm witlgut

li`mrj`dk js j sgautig`. J` uàifkay, but `gt ‑iopgssibak‟ sdk`jrig.

I` tlis, duat aifk eicurks, sudl js tlk ]urfisl Cuak` ogvkok`t, gàyprksk`t eurtlkr gbstjdaks, rjtlkr tlj` sgautig`s. Ektluaajl Cuak`:4=, egr

kxjopak, dkrtjiày ojy `gt wisl tg akjm j vigak`t niljm (‑ J Ousaio dj``gt

bk j tkrrgrist, `gr dj` j tkrrgrist bk j truk Ousaio‟) `gr iopgsk j stridtay

aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`,:4; but ie g`k jsfs mgks lk wj`t tg iopgsk sljrij upg`

]urfky, kvk` dgvkrtay, tlk j`swkr is dakjray i` tlk jeeirojtivk.

]lk vkry eu`mjok`tjas ge tlgsk tljt jmvgdjtk tlk prksk`t nurisprumk`dk

rkoji`s j` gbstjdak. Tljrij, witl its mrjdgìj` puìslok`ts j`m

i`stitutig`jaiskm mkìja ge riclts tg wgok`, lgogskxujas j`m kvk` ogrk

ck`krjaay `g`-Ousaios, is ljrmay j ‑ogmkrjti`c‟ ièauk`dk, kitlkr i`

tlkgry gr prjdtidk. Sliak it is `gt j` iopgssibiaity tljt j ùobkr ge truay

rkegro-oi`mkm dakrids dguam cji` ièauk`dk, tlk ogrk ièauk`dk tlky cji`

j`m tlk ogrk ckùi`k rkegro tlky jmvgdjtk, tlk ogrk aifkay it wguam bktljt tlky wguam bk ajbkaakm lkrktids j`m pkrskdutkm tlkoskavks. ]lis,

:4= J suoojry ge Cuak` is lkrk.

:4; Lk ljs `kvkr bkk` j okobkr ge j Tuei grmkr gr sdlgga j`m mgks `gt skk tlis js j`kdkssity egr Ousaios. Lk mgks lgwkvkr tkjdl tljt ‑Tueiso is tlk i``kr miok`sig` geIsajo‟ j`m ‑tlk i``kr j`m gutkr miok`sig`s oust `kvkr bk skpjrjtkm.‟

Lis tkjdli`cs mieekr i` kopljsis ergo tlgsk ge gtlkr oji`strkjo Isajoid sdlgajrs i`twg rkspkdts, bgtl bjskm g` lis i`tkrprktjtig`s ge pjrtiduajr vkrsks ge tlk Zur’j`. Lktkjdlks tljt tlk Ousaio dgoouìty ljs j muty ge skrvidk tg tlk "dgoog` cggm" ge tlkdgoouìty j`m tlk `jtig` j`m tg Ousaios j`m `g`-Ousaios jaa gvkr tlk wgram6 j`mtljt tlk Ousaio dgoouìty is gbaickm tg dg`mudt i`tkrejitl mijagcuk witl tlk ‑Xkgpakge tlk Bggf ‟ (Nkws j`m Dlristij`s), jatlgucl tlis mgks `gt kxtk`m tg gtlkr rkaicig`sj`m jtlkists. Cñak` ljs i` dg`trjst jppkjrkm tg bk i`tgakrj`t ge jtlkiso, dgook`ti`ci` 288= tljt ‑tkrrgriso wjs js mkspidjbak js jtlkiso‟. I` j egaagw-up i`tkrvikw, lkdajiokm lk mim `gt i`tk`m tg kqujtk jtlkists witl ourmkrkrs6 rjtlkr, lk wj`tkm tgliclaiclt tlk ejdt tljt, jddgrmi`c tg Isajo, bgtl wkrk mksti`km tg sueekr ktkr`ja

puìslok`t.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen






:92

tlk`, is j situjtig` tljt jppkjrs mieeiduat j`m pktrieiks j`m ljopkrs

ogmkrjti`c dlj`ck jt jaa akvkas.

Lgw dj` Ousaios ogvk egrwjrm7 G`k ge tlk mieekrk`dks getk` bktwkk`listgrij`s (jck`ts ge tlk pjst) j`m i``gvjtgrs (jck`ts ge dlj`ck egr j

bkttkr euturk) is tljt i``gvjtgrs usk tlk tggas j`m akssg`s ge listgry tg

tli`f gutsimk ge tlk bgx j`m prgogtk j `kw j`m getk` u`pgpuajr

pkrspkdtivk. @kw pjrjmicos dj` spk`m ykjrs eagu`mkri`c, bkegrk jaa ge j

summk`, tlky kokrck js j mgoi`j`t j`m pgpuajr vikw. Tgok ge tlk akssg`s

ge listgry jrk kssk`tija i` sustjiì`c j bkaike i` tlis, but i``gvjtgrs rkeusk

tg pjttkr` tlkoskavks jetkr j`y prkvigus luoj` oi`mskt. ]gmjy’s Isajo

tlk` dakjray `kkms crgu`m-brkjfi`c i``gvjtgrs.

Crgu`m-brkjfi`c i``gvjtig` bkci`s witl j` imkj j`m tlk okj`s tg

iopakok`t it. ]lis akjms tg j pivgtja ogok`t, gr j listgridja dlj`ck, by

tlgsk tljt sljrk tlk imkj. ]lkrk jrk oj`y pigus Ousaios ergo jaogst

kvkry skdt ge Isajo wlg wguam bk ljppy tg kobrjdk ogrk wkstkr` vjauksj`m tlkir pgaitidja systkos j`m pri`dipaks ge cgvkròk`t, ajw j`m grmkr.

Dakjray, lgwkvkr, fky kakok`ts `kdkssjry egr j dggrmi`jtkm Ousaio aibkrty

ogvkok`t tg dgu`tkr kxtrkoiso jrk ajdfi`c.

J uìeikm strjtkcy is `kkmkm egr j suddksseua cagbja ogvkok`t tg rkegro

Xgaitidja Isajo. Kjdl skdt wiaa jawjys ljvk its gw` bijsks tg gtlkr skdts.

]ljt itskae is j` gbstjdak, but tg jdlikvk rkegro j`m fidf stjrt tlk cagbja

ogvkok`t, rkquirks sgok gvkrrimi`c pjrjmico tljt uìtks tlko js

pkjdkeua, `g`-vigak`t dgopjssig`jtk, luojìtjrij` bkaikvkrs.

Jt prksk`t skdtjrijìso jppkjrs tg bk kdaipskm by Isajoiso j`m j ogrk

ck`krja tk`mk`dy tg i`tkrprkt tlk tkxts i` j aitkrja sk`sk tljt i`drkjsi`cay

strk`ctlk`s eu`mjok`tjaiso. Tg, aggfi`c egrwjrm, j pjrjmico ge rkegro



:94

`kkms tg dgu`tkr rjmidjaiso j`m uìtk skdtjrijìso i` j dggrmi`jtkm

kmudjtig`ja strjtkcy.

]lk akvkr jcji`st pgaitidja Isajo dguam rkst i` tlk jppkja egr tlk i`jaik`jbakriclt tg erkkmgo ge spkkdl, dajssidja aibkrjaiso, j`m kspkdijaay tlk

skpjrjtig` ge ogsquk j`m stjtk. Jmoittkmay, tlksk ejdtgrs rkst dlikeay g` j

[T styak dg`stitutig`ja egro ge cgvkròk`t but dguam bk jok`mkm tg suit

`jtig`ja dg`stitutig`s gr Xjraijok`tjry mkogdrjdy, its akcja pri`dipaks

j`m vjauks, i` gtlkr `jtig`s i` tlk Skst tgg. G`dk mkvgtig`ja Ousaio

ygutl ogrk euaay u`mkrstj`m tlk bjsid pri`dipaks, oj`y oiclt tjfk tlksk

egu`mjtig`ja imkjs j`m ojturk i`tg tlkgagcij`s wlg dj` trj`segro Isajo

jwjy ergo tlk tlkgdrjtid pgaitidja ogmkas tljt dgèi`k it, gr ogmiey it i`

sgok `kw j`m rjmidjaay bkttkr sk`sk.

]lksk imkjs, lgwkvkr, dj` gày bk nustieikm ie tlk ogmka itskae is pkrdkivkm

js bki`c g`k ge vjauk. ]lis is prgbakojtid, js purk Dg`stitutig`jaiso is `gt

kvk` jmlkrkm tg by its gw` prksk`t jpprgjdl i` tlk [T cgvkròk`t.I`mkkm, suddkssivk jmoiìstrjtig`s ljvk i`drkjsi`cay jdtkm i`

u`dg`stitutig`ja wjys. ]lky ljvk mg`k sg egr bgtl slgrt tkro jmvj`tjck

j`m cagbja lkckogìd gbnkdtivks, bgtl jt lgok j`m jbrgjm. Lgwkvkr,

sgok sgrt ge dg`stitutig`ja ogmka jt tlk `jtig`ja akvka is g`k tljt ykt

prgvimks tlk vjauks egr k`suri`c suddksseua rkegro, nust js it ljs sguclt tg

prgtkdt tlk riclts ge i`mivimujas ge wljtkvkr ejitl witli` tlk stjtk gvkr tlkdk`turiks.

J`y prgdkss ge rkegro oust bk skk` js bki`c grcjìd i` tkros ge j crjmuja

dlj`ck ge u`mkrstj`mi`c. ]lk nustieidjtig` egr tlis rkquirks j`

jpprkdijtig` ge kvgavi`c listgridja pkrspkdtivks j`m lgw rkaicigus

tkjdli`cs ljvk bkk` ièauk`dkm j`m dlj`ckm by sgdija, duaturja j`m

pgaitidja egrdks gvkr tlk dk`turiks. ]lk tiok sdjak wiaa bk ak`ctly, js it wjs



:9;

Tjum7 Lk geekrkm j` justkrk Isajo dakj`skm ge wljt lk bkaikvkm tg bki``gvjtig`s, wlidl ksdlkwkm dk`turiks ge oji`strkjo sdlgajrslip j`mdgook`tjry, j`m rknkdtkm tlk jutlgrity ge tlk trjmitig`ja uakoj, gr rkaicigusjutlgritiks.‟

Lk ojfks `g ok`tig` ge pkjdkeua rkegro ogvkok`ts i` tlis tljt ljvk geekrkm j ogrkspiritujaiskm, ksgtkrid j`m pliagsgplidja pkrspkdtivk. Lk egdusks gày g` tlk aitkrjaeu`mjok`tjaiso ge Sjlljbiso. I` tlis dritiquk, lk is rjtlkr misoissivk j`m drkjtks jsaj`tkm vikwpgi`t tg prgvimk j strjwoj` jrcuok`t tg jppkjr dakvkr. Lk rjtlkr jppkjrstg dg`dkmk tlk `kdkssity egr rkegro i` tlk k`m lgwkvkr, jetkr lis brgjmay misoissivkjttjdf ge tlk virtuks ge it i` Dlristijìty js j ogvkok`t j`m its djaa by `g`- bkaikvkrs.

‑Rkegros jrk ge dgursk `kkmkm jdrgss tlk drisis-rimmk` Ousaio-ojngrity wgram>pgaitidja, sgdig-kdg`goid j`m, yks, rkaicigus tgg. Ousaios `kkm tg rkmisdgvkrtlkir gw` lkritjck ge paurjaiso, tgakrj`dk j`m outuja rkspkdt — kobgmikm i`,sjy, tlk Xrgplkt’s akttkr tg tlk og`fs ge Tt Djtlkri`k’s og`jstkry, gr tlk‑dg`vivk`dij‟ (gr dg-kxistk`dk) ge okmikvja Ousaio Tpji`.‟

Lkrk tlk gbvigus sgautig` ie wk jrk tg eiclt kxtrkoiso j`m rkegro Isajo is tg kobrjdkj ogvkok`t tg bri`c pkgpak tgcktlkr, `gt siak`dk j`m bj` tlko, gr sljok tlko byrimiduak js Ljsj` mgks. J tk`mk`dy oji`strkjo Isajo tgg rkjmiay jmgpts.

‑Sljt tlky mg`’t `kkm jrk ajzy djaas egr j` Isajoid rkegrojtig` ergo `g` -Ousaios j`m kx-Ousaios, tlk rkpktitig` ge wlidl okrkay iaaustrjtks lgwsljaagw j`m siopaistid, lgw jlistgridja j`m kvk` j`ti-listgridja, sgok ge tlk

wkst’s akjmi`c dgook`tjtgrs jrk g` tlis issuk. It is oudl kjsikr egr tlko, itskkos, tg rkmudk tlk dgopakx mkbjtk gvkr vigak`t kxtrkoiso tg j skriks gedaidlés, sagcj`s j`m sgu`mbitks, rjtlkr tlj` kxjoiì`c rggt djusks gr listgridjatrk`ms6 kjsikr stiaa tg dljopig` tlk ogst kxtrkok j`m bicgtkm dritids ge Isajo

wliak ic`gri`c tlk vgidks ge oji`strkjo Ousaio sdlgajrs, jdjmkoids j`mjdtivists.‟

Lis pgi`t, lgwkvkr, dg`dkrì`c j Autlkrj` typk Rkegrojtig` is wkaa ojmk, j`m g`ktljt wiaa i` j`y djsk ogst prgbjbay i`mudk wjr>

‑]lk Xrgtkstj`t Rkegrojtig` jasg gpk`km tlk mggr tg baggm-aktti`c g` jù`prkdkmk`tkm, dg`ti`k`t-wimk sdjak. Ljvk wk egrcgttk` tlk Erk`dl wjrs gerkaicig`7 Gr tlk K`caisl divia wjr7 ]k`s ge oiaaig`s ge i``gdk`ts mikm i` Kurgpk6up tg =8% ge Ckroj`y’s pgpuajtig` is bkaikvkm tg ljvk bkk` fiaakm i` tlk tlirty

ykjrs’ wjr. Is tlis wljt wk wj`t j Ousaio-ojngrity wgram jarkjmy pajcukm byskdtjrij` dgèaidts, egrkic` gddupjtig`s j`m tlk bittkr akcjdy ge dgagìjaiso tg`gw k`murk, jaa i` tlk `jok ge rkegro, prgcrkss j`m kvk` aibkrjaiso7‟

I` tlis. tlk siopak rkspg`sk `kkms tg jsf tlk qukstig`> Dj` wk jeegrm bgtl i` tlk Skstj`m i` tlk Isajoid wgram `gt tg crjsp sudl j tlgr`y prgbako7 Sliast tlk risfs tljt wkru` jrk crkjt, tlk risfs ge j` i`drkjsi`c sprkjm ge eu`mjok`tja, grtlgmgx j`mi`tgakrj`t pkrspkdtivks is g`k tljt wk dj``gt jeegrm tg ic`grk. Sjr i` kitlkr sdk`jrigis i`kvitjbak, but its prgspkdts ojy ykt bk mkeuskm by j duaturja, sgdija pgaitidja j`mskdurity prgcrkssig` tljt skkfs tg stko tlk risi`c mj`ckr ge eu`mjok`tjaiso wliast



:93

`jtig`s, pgssibay i` Kurgpk j`m tlk [T, oust bkci` tlk prgdkss iìtijaay,

kvk` ie tlk `kkm is akss prkssi`c.

]lk strjtkcy ge tlk midtjtgrs, tlk Tjmmjos, Zjmmjei, Oubjrjf j`m gtlkrsge tlis wgram, usujaay usk rkaicig` js j tgga tg ojsf gpprkssig` j`m

tyrj``y. Sliast tlis kègrdks stjbiaity, it rjtlkr drkjtks j` u`tk`jbak

k`virgòk`t ge stjc`jtig` rksistj`t tg dlj`ck. It eurtlkr prgopts

dgrruptig`, tribjaiso, ic`grj`dk, j`m ekjr tljt is dgu`tkrprgmudtivk tg

rkegro j`m kxpagsivk wlk` tlky jrk mkpgskm, usujaay tlrgucl iaa-jmviskm,

pggray dg`dkivkm, wkstkr` ièauk`dk. ]lksk prgbakos jrk `gt g`ks tljt dj`

siopay bk sgavkm tlrgucl j quidf wjr, j oiaitjry gddupjtig` j`m j`

kègrdkm mkogdrjdy by wkstkr` egrdks. Ck`krjaay, tlk jttkopt ejias. Sljt

is rkquirkm i` rkspkdt tg tlksk fi`m ge dgu`triks is j` kvgautig` ge tlguclt,

j`m j` ièusig` ge stjbak mkogdrjtid dg`stitutig`ja pri`dipaks

iopakok`tkm gvkr tlk ag`c tkro. :43

I` tlk [T, dk`turiks ge struccak, trjmitig` j`m uatiojtkay stjbiaity kjskmtlk prgdkss ge jssioiajtig` ge iooicrj`ts j`m ièuskm i` tlko tlk virtuks

ge Dg`stitutig`ja vjauks. I` tlk [T jt akjst, sgok Jokridj` Ousaios

jppkjr tg u`mkrstj`m lgw j `jtig` dj` bk erkk j`m pigus witlgut

tlkgagcidja dgkrdig` ergo cgvkròk`t> Mr Njsskr j`m lis JIEM ogvkok`t

bki`c j priok kxjopak. ]lk skkms ge dlj`ck cgi`c egrwjrm dj` tlkrkegrk

:43 Aggf jt tlk Crkk` rkvgautig` ge Irj`, gr tlk Dkmjrs Rkvgautig` ge Akbj`g` jskxjopaks. It is kjsikr tg ei`m j mksirk egr rkegroist j`ti-Isajoist ogvkok`ts i` Ousaioojngrity `jtig`s aifk Kcypt, Akbj`g`, j`m Irj` wlkrk tlk pgpuajtig` f`gws wljtljppk`s wlk` tlk Isajoists ckt dg`trga. Ykt tlkir k`virgòk`t is oissi`c tlkkopgwkri`c sustk`j`dk ge wkstkr` aibkrty j`m j dg`stitutig`ja ogmka ge mkogdrjdytljt stiaa `kkms oj`y ykjrs tg tjfk rggt. Rkegros dj``gt bk kègrdkm `gr iopakok`tkmgvkr ìclt i` j quidf eix sgautig` js Jokridj` imkjaists tgg getk` tk`m tg tli`f.



:9<

bk paj`tkm by j dgoouìty ge Ousaio sdlgajrs wlg jrk aggfi`c tg wkstkr`

cgvkròk`ts ogrk ck`krjaay egr lkap.:4<

]lk gbstjdaks jrk oj`y. ]lkrk jrk erkquk`t mkjtl tlrkjts, i`trj`sick`tj`m dgrrupt tribjaiso, j sgdija j`m ei`j`dija pgwkr `ktwgrf, j`m

wimksprkjm Ousaio iaaitkrjdy tg jmm tg tlk dgdftjia ge wgk. ]lis is `gt tg

ok`tig` tlk ejdiaitjtig` by tlk wkstkr` okmij tg civk tlgsk syopjtlktid tg

tlk rjmidjas j pajtegro, by rkspkdti`c tlkir erkkmgo ge spkkdl j`m luoj`

riclts muk tg pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss. ]lis dj``gt bk jaagwkm tg dg`tiùk, j`m

tlky slguam `gt bk civk` j vgidk siopay bkdjusk tlky jrk dg`simkrkm j`

k`tkrtjiì`c spkdtjdak. Jetkr jaa, rjmidja pgaitidja Kurgpkj` `jtig`jaist

prgtkst ogvkok`ts jrk tgg getk` mkìkm j vgidk i` tlk `jok ge bki`c tgg

dg`trgvkrsija. Sly tlk` slguam ljtk prkjdlkrs bk civk` j pajtegro7

Ajsti`c ogmkrìsjtig` ge Isajo oust bk ck`krjtig`ja. It dj` gày bk buiat

g` tlk pri`dipaks ge j` kmudjtig` erkk ge mgcojtid rkaicigus kmidts. It

rkquirks tlk jddkptj`dk ge ogrk uìvkrsja luoj` riclts egr tlgsk wlg mg`gt vigajtk tlk sj`dtity ge aiek. ]lis is j qukstig` ge skkfi`c tg prkskrvk j`m

dlkrisl tlk vjauks ge wkstkr` duaturk jt its dgrk. It rkquirks tlk prgtkdtig`

ge diviaiskm `jtig`s js j okj`s tg k`surk tlk survivja ge ajrck swjtlks ge

tlk luoj` rjdk. It dj``gt bk dgoprgoiskm gr nkgpjrmiskm by j aibkrja

prgcrkssivk tgakrj`dk ge tljt wlidl tlrkjtk`s its vkry survivja. ]lis

jttitumk i`vitks uatiojtkay j dajsl ge duaturks. It rkquirks j ogrk wimksprkjm kobrjdk ge truay ‑aibkrja‟ vjauks (i` tlk dajssidja sk`sk) j`m j

rki`stjtkok`t ge tlkir iopgrtj`dk `gt gày i` pri`dipja, but i` prjdtidk.

:4< ]lk rkdk`t wgrf g` skduajriso by Jbmuaajli Ja-@j’io, Ouljoojm ja-Jslojwy Jainj Izktbkcgvid, gr jasg oj`y ge tlk Tuei Iojos (sudl js Ja-Zjmri’s rkdk`t wgrf ) civklgpk rkegro dj` gddur. ]lis is `gt j` k`mgrskok`t, but oj`y ge tlkir writi`cs mgprgvimk j wjy egrwjrm tg j ogrk kàicltk`km uìeikm j`m pkjdkeua Isajo.



:99

]lk fky dlj`cks `kkmkm tg fidf stjrt j ogmkr` rkegro

Rkegro slguam gt bk mkdrikm js j` iopgssibiaity, g ojttkr lgw mju`ti`c

j`m mieeiduat. Fky tg tlis oust bk tg put j` k`m tg tlk priok dg`dkpt ge

fiaai`c jpgstjtks. Rkmmj Ajw pkroits fiaai`c jpgstjtks js j eu`mjok`tja

pjrt ge tlk Ljmitl. Egr rkegro tg ljppk` i` Isajo, tlkrkegrk, Ousaios

`kkm tg jbj`mg` sgok ge tlk Tjlil (jddurjtk) Ljmitl. ]lk miakooj is tljt

wliak Ousaios dj` dirduo`jvicjtk Rkmmj Ajw, js it is `gt pjrt ge tlk

Zur’j`, mk`yi`c j Tjlil Ljmitl ojfks j pkrsg` j` jpgstjtk jddgrmi`c tg

tlk trjmitig`ja tkjdli`cs. ]lk Ousaios `kkm tg gvkrdgok, gr by pjss tlis

situjtig` tg prgcrkss.

Tkpjrjti`c ogsquk ergo stjtk i` Isajo is jasg j egro ge lkrksy pkr tlk

stj`mjrm Isajoid tlkgagcy. Js is rkeusi`c tg iopakok`t sgok Isajoid ajws

j`m rkpajdi`c tlko witl skduajr ajws i` trjmitig`ja u`mkrstj`mi`c.:49

Rki`tkrprktjtig` ge tlis is `kkmkm tg ejdiaitjtk rkegro. ]lis is dkrtjiày

pgssibak, si`dk tlk spkdieid vkrsk wjs tjafi`c jbgut tlk Nkws spkdieidjaay

wlg rkeuskm tg jppay tlk ]grjl. Krjmidjti`c tlk durrk`tay pgpuajr vikw

tljt Nkws ièauk`dk, gr skkf tg dg`trga tlk wkstkr` vjauk systko j`m its

aibkrja vjauks egr tlkir gw` mkvigus jck`mj, is j`gtlkr issuk tljt `kkms tg

bk jmmrksskm j`m jmmrksskm js j oisdg`strukm prknumidk. ]gg getk` Nkws

jrk mkspiskm js j rjdk wlgaksjak, js wkaa js bki`c siopay bkaikvkrs ge

j`gtlkr ejitl.

Rkegro rkquirks j tlkgagcidja j`m kmudjtig`ja strjtkcy tg suppakok`t j`y

pgaitidja dlj`ck. J`ytli`c akss wguam gày ejdk rksistj`dk j`m kxjdkrbjtk

rjmidjaiso. Egr kxjopak, jttkopti`c tg tkjdl kqujaity egr wgok` wliast

:49 Zur’jìd vkrsk (Ja-Oj’imjl ;>==).



288

Isajo tkjdlks wgok` jrk ljae ge j oj` js j wit`kss, gr tljt ok` dj` bkjt

tlkir wgok`, rkquirks `gt nust j `kw luojìtjrij` i`tkrprktjtig` ge

trjmitig`ja vjauks i` ai`k witl dg`tkopgrjry wkstkr` vjauks, but mgdtri`ja

dlj`ck. ]lis wguam rkquirk j dirduovk`tig` ge tlk priojdy ge tlk aitkrja

pkrspkdtivk by rkdgursk tg tlk tkxts j`m j` i`drkjsi`c kopljsis g` tlk

akcitiojdy ge lkrok`kutids. ]lis i`kvitjbay rkquirks dg`strudtivk j`m

dritidja mijakdtid mkbjtk, `gt siopay rkciok dlj`ck.

Listgridjaay, tlkrk is j` i`lkrk`tay vigak`t strji` i` Tu`ì Isajo, wlidl

stkos ergo j aitkrja rkjmi`c ge tlk vigak`t pjssjcks ge tlk Zur’j`. It

dg`mko`s `gt nust jpgstjtks, but `g`-Ousaios i` ck`krja. Lgwkvkr, tg

kqujtk ‑oji`strkjo‟ witl its kxistk`dk pkr sk is misi`ckùgus dg`simkri`c

tlk biaaig`s ge ‑`goi`ja‟, ‑skduajr‟ Ousaios tljt dguam bk brguclt tg bkjr

j`m wlg sljrk j ogrk wkstkr` ogmkr` pkrspkdtivk. Lkrk, lgwkvkr, tgg

getk` ‑`goi`ja‟ kqujtks tg ‑dj`’t bk bgtlkrkm‟ gr ‑misi`tkrkstkm‟ i`

rkegro. It is tgg getk` jddgopjìkm by j ajdf ge dg`mko`jtig` ge tkrrgrist

jtrgditiks tgg, wlidl is kvk` ditkm by vklkok`t dritids js prgge ge iopaidit

suppgrt. Ykt siak`dk `kkm `gt `kdkssjriay iopay suppgrt egr tkrrgrist

jttjdfs. It ojy bk j rkjdtig` okrkay i`mudkm ergo ekjr, gr okrk misi`tkrkst

js j skduajrist. I` tlis rkspkdt tlk okssjck slguam bk tljt siak`dk kqujtks

tg ‑jaagwi`c tlk tkrrgrist tg triuopl‟. ]lk mj`ckrs ge tjdit dgopaij`dk dj`

bk gvkrdgok witl ogrk vgdja gppgsitig` j`m j dggrmi`jtkm keegrt egr tlk

cggm ge Isajo j`m Ousaios ck`krjaay.

]lk ]wkavkr Tlihis jrk skk` by sgok js j ojngr gbstjdak tg j`y prgdkss ge

rkegro, bjskm js it is g` tlk `kg-eu`mjok`tjaist ekrvgur i` ]klrj` si`dk

:939. Lgwkvkr, tlk ‑ruak ge tlk Tlihi nurisprumk`t‟, mkviskm by Flgokiì,

ljs `gt bkk` uìvkrsjaay jddkptkm, kvk` witli` ]wkavkr Tlihiso itskae. ]lk

twg ogst prgoi`k`t Tlihi jyjtgaajls, Irj`’s mkdkjskm Og`tjzkri, j`m

Irjq’s ja-Tistjì, jrk bgtl g` rkdgrm js gppgsi`c tlk Flgokiìst systko



28:

j`m rkciok. Dg`simkri`c tlis, tlk jpprgjdl is `gt uìegro, j`m Tlihiso

dguam, uàifk Tu`ìso, jaagw egr sgok fi`m ge i`mkpk`mk`t rkjsgì`c tg

lkap mkvkagp `kw jpprgjdlks tg tlk Zur’j` j`m Ljmitl. I` tlis, js i` `kg-

Tueiso, tlkrk dguam bk tlk pgssibiaity ge j pajtegro tg aju`dl j truay

ogmkrjtk i`tkrprktjtig`, jddkpti`c tljt, it is `gt siopay uskm js j sljrij

]rgnj` Lgrsk, gr uskm tg iopakok`t tlk eurtlkrj`dk ge pgaitidja tyrj``y.

Sliast tlk aifkailggm ge rkegro is mieeiduat, it is `gt iopgssibak.

Tkdtjrijìso is `gt jawjys truopkm by rjmidjaiso. Sliast it oiclt bk truk

egr ajrck pjrts ge tlk Jrjb wgram, it is dkrtjiày gt tlk djsk i` Jeridj, wlkrk

skdts j`m Tuei grmkrs jrk getk` ejr ogrk rkspkdtkm j`m civk` ogrk

akcitiojdy tlj` tlk Sjlljbis j`m niljmists. I` tlk Jssjm rkciok i` Tyrij

tgg, jt akjst sgok skdts ge tlk Jajwis (tlk tlkgagcidja bkaikes ge tlk `kg-

Tlihi skdt tljt truay is Jajwiso) prgvimk pgssibiaitiks. ]lksk it slguam bk

kopljsiskm jrk sy`drktistid j`m syopjtlktid tg Dlristij` tkjdli`cs. :=8

Ge dgursk, j stuobai`c bagdf is tlk slkkr mispjrity ge skdts j`mpkrspkdtivks. ]lkir syopjtliks lgwkvkr ajrckay rkst i` j`y (prgdajiokm jt

j`y rjtk) mksirk egr pkjdk. J`gtlkr stuobai`c bagdf tgg is tljt oj`y

Ousaios, Tu`ì j`m skdtjrij`s oiclt siopay s`kkr jt tlk prgspkdt ge

rkbuiami`c Isajo upg` j wkstkr` ogmka. ]lis is wly wgrfi`c witl, j`m

mrjwi`c imkjs ergo, tlk Tlihis (^jymis j`m Isoj’iais, js wkaa js sgok

]wkavkrs), tlk Tueis, tlk Bjrkawis, kt ja., oiclt vkry wkaa prgvimk j ogrkIsajoid vgidk. J egu`mjtig` g` wlidl tlk rkst ge tlk `kw Isajoid pjrjmico

:=8 ]lky jrk dkrtjiày sueeidik`tay misti`dt ergo tlk stridt sljrij-bjskm Tu`ìpkrspkdtivk. I` tlis tgg, nust js tlk Flgokiìst rkciok mgks`’t rkprksk`t tlk tgtjaity ge]wkavkr Tlihi tlguclt, `kitlkr mgks tlk Jajwi daiquk i`, egr kxjopak Mjojsdus, spkjfegr jaa Jajwis.



282

dguam bk jssioiajtkm witl ogrk wkstkr` erik`may i`put j`m vjauks, ie it

dguam bk iopakok`tkm jt jaa.

]lk @kw ]kstjok`t ktlgs mgks `gt prgogtk fiaai`c jpgstjtks. Sliastoudl baggm j`m sajucltkr gddurrkm i` tlk pgst Rkegrojtig` dgèaidts i`

Ckroj` j`m K`caj`m tlk ogrja pri`dipak ge tlk Bkjtitumks uatiojtkay

triuoplkm. ]lis sustji`km j Dlristij` Rkegrojtig`. J erksl kopljsis g`

tlk vjaimity ge Jlojmi pkrspkdtivks, j dg`tiùja kopljsis g` tlk pkjdkeua

surjs, j` kopljsis g` tlk vjaimity ge pliagsgplidja nustieidjtig`s jrk jro

i` tlk struccak tg bri`c jbgut Isajoid rkegro.

J`gtlkr ejdtgr egr rkegro egdusks `gt nust g` Isajo itskae, but tlk jttitumk

ge tlk wkstkr` cgvkròk`ts j`m tlkir u`mkrstj`mi`c ge Isajo. I` spitk ge

Isajo ljvi`c j :,=88-ykjr listgry, tlkrk is stiaa `g oji`strkjo skdt gr

sdlgga ge nurisprumk`dk tljt tkjdlks tlk skpjrjtig` ge ogsquk j`m stjtk,

tlk kqujaity ge riclts ge wgok` witl ok`, erkkmgo ge spkkdl, erkkmgo ge

dg`sdik`dk, gr tlk kqujaity ge riclts ge u`bkaikvkrs witl bkaikvkrs. Ykt stiaatlk pgaitidjaay dgrrkdt vikw skkfs tg mksdribk Isajo js ajrckay ogmkrjtk,

pkjdkeua j`m dgopjtibak witl wkstkr` aibkrjaiso j`m ogrja rkajtiviso.

I` tlis, tlk jttitumk ge tlk Skst (Jokridj, Britji` j`m Kurgpk ogrk

ck`krjaay) is g`k wlidl is slgdfi`cay `jçvk. Skstkr` pgaidy (bgtl egrkic`

j`m mgokstid) is cjobai`c ejr tgg oudl bjskm g` tlk jssuoptig` tljt j

ogmkrjtk oji`strkjo Isajo ljs `jturjaay kvgavkm tlrgucl j skkoi`cay

oystkrigus duaturja gsogsis witl tlk wkstkr` vjauk systko, but `jturjaay

wiaa dg`tiùk tg kvgavk by dg`tjdt witl, gr tlrgucl tlk iopgsitig` gr

prgpjcjtig` ge its aibkrja vjauks. I` tlis jasg tlk slgrtdgoi`cs jrk

jppjrk`t i` rkspkdt tg tlk durrk`t tk`mk`dy ge wkstkr` cgvkròk`ts tg

kobrjdk tlk pgaitidja ogmka ge i`drkjsi`c ekmkrjaiso. ]lis prgcrkssig`



284

iopjirs `jtig`ja duaturk j`m u`mkroi`ks sgdija stjbiaity j`m dgoouìty

dglksig` muri`c j tiok wlk` it is `kkmkm ogst.

Oj`y wkstkr` pgaitidij`s jrk dgopaidit i` tlksk krrgrs ge numckok`t.Mjvim Djokrg`, tlk prkvigus Britisl Xriok Oiìstkr egr kxjopak,

dg`tiùgusay dgopgu`mkm tlk ejask pkrspkdtivk by jssuoi`c oji`strkjo

ogmkrjtk Isajo jarkjmy kxists. Lk getk` ojmk stjtkok`ts suppgsi`c tljt

ogmkrjtk Isajo wjs i`midjtivk ge tlk brgjm ojngrity ge prjdtitig`krs i` tlk

wgram tgmjy j`m Isajoiso j`m eu`mjok`tjaiso ogrk brgjmay wjs but j

eri`ck prgbako. ]lk dg`skquk`dks ge i`vksti`c sg oudl i` tlksk krrg`kgus

jssuoptig`s lgwkvkr crgws ogrk jppjrk`t witl kvkry tkrrgrist kvk`t,

cj`c rjpist, agrry sajyi`c j`m niljmist bgobkr tljt lits tlk lkjmai`ks.:=:

I` tlis tgg, tlk ièauk`dk ge tlk tkrrgrist is kvkr prksk`t. ]g bk gptioistid

j`m wgrf egr rkegro k`ci`kkrkm by gày wkstkrìskm Ousaios wlg rkjm

tlkir Zur’j`, prjy, ejst, civk dljrity, j`m lgojck tg Cgm i` j pjtrigtid aiek

mkmidjtkm tg pkjdk, erkkmgo j`m mkogdrjdy sgu`ms crkjt. Crkjt, buti`sgejr js tlksk Ousaios wguam `kkm tg jdtujaay rknkdt sgok ge tlk

ojtkrija i` tlk Zur’j` j`m tlk Tu``jl tljt egros tlk bjsis egr pgaitidja

suprkojdiso, js wkaa js vigak`t Isajo, tlky tgg wguam ei`m tlkoskavks

u`mkr tlrkjt ergo oj`y bkaikvkrs j`m `gt nust tlk tkrrgrists.

]lk pgaitidja sgautig` `kkms tg dgok `gt gày ergo mkvgut Ousaios witli`

tlk Lgusk ge Isajo, but i` dg`nu`dtig` witl j dglkrk`t, dggrmi`jtkm

mgokstid j`m i`tkr`jtig`ja strjtkcy tg mkekjt kxtrkoiso6 j strjtkcy `gt

uàifk muri`c tlk Dgam Sjr, wlkrk Dg`stitutig`ja virtuks wkrk

dljopig`km i` j oudl ogrk uìvkrsja sk`sk. It stj`ms tg rkjsg`,

tlkrkegrk, tljt jaa pkgpak ge ièauk`dk i` tlk Skst j`m Kjst slguam mg

:=: Egr bjdfcrgu`m iègrojtig` g` tlk @imja Ljsj` ojssjdrk skk lkrk. Egr bjdfcrgu`miègrojtig` g` Ejisja Tljlzjm’s tkrrgriso skk lkrk.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidal_Malik_Hasan



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_Shahzad







28=

wljtkvkr tlky dj` tg bri`c g` bgjrm jutlk`tid j`m ogmkrjtk Ousaio jaaiks

wlg jrk wgrfi`c sgoktioks i` j agdjaiskm, but isgajtkm ejslig`, tg brkjf

mgw` gbstjdaks j`m eurtlkr tlk djusk ge dljopigì`c ogrk uìvkrsja,

luojìtjrij` riclts j`m imkjs. ]lk Xajtgìd listgry tljt ru`s js j tlrkjm

tlrgucl Isajoid trjmitig` itskae dguam dljopig` tlk eurtlkrj`dk ge tlk

vjauks ge uìvkrsjaiso js j mivi`k iopkrjtivk j`m mkvkagp j mkkpkr

u`mkrstj`mi`c ge Cgm tlrgucl pliagsgplidja j`jaysis j`m ogrja rkegro.

I` tlis bgtl Kjst j`m Skst dguam ei`m dgoog` crgu`m.

Dg`strudtivk mijakdtid mkbjtk i` jaa tlis is fky. It is bkttkr tlj` siopay

sitti`c bjdf j`m wjtdli`c tlk simkaiì`c ge drkmibak j`m mkvgut Ousaio

rkegroists by wkjska wgrm jdtivists witl agum vgidks j`m ;tl Dgauo` eggt

sgamikrs tryi`c tg eurtlkr tlkir gw` djusks j`m pkrsg`ja djrkkrs.

Isgajtigìso is j wkjf`kss, wliak dggrmi`jtig` is j strk`ctl. J mivimk j`m

dg`qukr strjtkcy wjs jetkr jaa j dgoog` pagy ge tlk Dgoouìst rkcioks,

j`m it gày pajys eurtlkr i`tg tlk lj`ms ge Isajoid tgtjaitjrijìso js j

cagbja gbnkdtivk wlk` tlky skkf tg sprkjm missk`t witl tlkir pkssioistid

`jrrjtivk jog`cst misk`dlj`tkm j`m i`drkjsi`cay isgajtkm wkstkr`

Ousaios.

]lk imkjs ge i`mivimujaiso j`m aibkrty `kkm tg tjfk rggt i` j ogrk

wimksprkjm cagbja strjtkcy. G`k tljt dj` bk jppaikm agdjaay j`m rkspg`m

tg tlk spkdieid `kkms ge pjrtiduajr tribks j`m skdts jddgrmi`cay. J` keekdtivkstrjtkcy i` tlis rkspkdt wguam bk tg try j`m mkvkagp tlk imkjs ge j

dg`stitutig`ja aibkrty ogvkok`t witli` Isajoid dg`sdigus`kss. ]lk

skpjrjtig` ge ogsquk j`m stjtk wguam bk tlk dgu`tkr-strjtkcy tg

tlkgdrjtid eu`mjok`tjaiso, tlk prgmudtivk pjrjmico, egr dljopigì`c

tlk imkjs ge aibkrty jcji`st tlk imkjs j`m vjauks ge tyrj``y.



28;

I` tlis rkspkdt, tlk tksti`c crgu`m ge tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks, witl its rkjmyojmk

dg`stitutig`, dj` bk skk` js prgge ge wlktlkr tlk kxpkriok`t dj` wgrf i`

prjdtidk i` tlk Skst, but it wiaa rkquirk j rkdgcìtig` ge its durrk`tay

mkvkagpi`c ejuats, wlidl ljs akm tg sg oudl misk`dlj`tok`t. ]lis

misk`dlj`tok`t dguam durrk`tay euka j mksirk tg rktur` tg tlk bjsids ge j

ogrk dg`stitutig`jaay grik`tjtkm jpprgjdl i` tur`.:=2

Tjmay, tlk kuplkoiso ge ‑dlj`ck‟ wjs uskm tg mk`gtk j sliet jwjy ergo

dg`stitutig`ja pri`dipaks i` tlk Gbjoj jmoiìstrjtig`. ]lis wjs nustieikm

i` grmkr tg ‑ckt tli`cs mg`k‟. It `kdkssitjtkm turì`c j mkje kjr tg tlk

gbnkdtig`s ge tlk Dg`stitutig`jaists. ]ruk dlj`ck is j `kdkssity egr Isajo,

lgwkvkr, j`m g`k tljt rkquirks j` gpk` kjr j`m tlk wiaai`c`kss tg mkbjtk

i` j dg`strudtivk ouati-pjrtisj` wjy. Lkrk, uàifk Gbjoj’s prgoisk ge

dlj`ck, wlidl wjs vjcuk j`m iaa-mkei`km j`m wjs tgg getk` dljrjdtkriskm

by jdquiksdk`dk tg tlk ogrk rjmidja kakok`ts ge Isajo, bgtl jbrgjm j`m i`

tlk dgrrimgrs ge lis gw` jmoiìstrjtig`, tlk dlj`ck egr Isajo `kkms tg bk

dakjr, dg`disk j`m mkaibkrjtkm.

Jmoittkmay tlk durrk`t situjtig` js it stj`ms is `gt vkry prgoisi`c.

Rkogvi`c tlk gbstjdaks tg ejdiaitjtk rkegro> sudl js tlk skpjrjtig` ge

ogsquk j`m stjtk6 i`kqujaity ge riclts ge wgok` j`m lgogskxujas6

rkaicigusay bjskm supprkssig` ge erkkmgo ge spkkdl, ktd. jaa tlis wguam bk

j stkp i` tlk riclt mirkdtig`. ]lksk, lgwkvkr, oiclt bk stkps tgg ejr egrsgok. Oj`y Iojos oiclt kvk` sjy it dg`stitutkm tlk k`m ge Isajo. Mkspitk

tlis, lgwkvkr, j `g`-aitkrja tkjdli`c jpprgjdl dguam ykt iopakok`t vkry

:=2 ]lk durrk`t sliet jwjy ergo tlk vjauks ge dg`stitutig`ja prjdtidk j`m vjauks i`cgvkròk`t i` rkspkdt tg, egr kxjopak, Gbjoj’s usk ge Kxkdutivk Grmkrs j`m tlki`drkjsi`c ekmkrjaisjtig` j`m dk`trjaisjtig` ge pgwkr i` tlis rkspkdt, its i`vgavkok`ti` ùokrgus wjrs bkyg`m its gw` bgrmkrs, ktd. wkrk u`dg`stitutig`ja j`m stkps i` tlk

wrg`c mirkdtig`.



285

rkja jmvj`dks j`m bk j stkp tgwjrms rkegros witli` oji`strkjo

pkrspkdtivks.

]lk keegrts ge tlk Jokridj` Isajoid Egruo egr Mkogdrjdy (JIEM) tgprgogtk j aibkrty ogvkok`t by mkvgut Ousaios witli` Isajo jcji`st

Isajoiso slguam bk sjautkm.:=4 ]lk dg`dkpt is crkjt, but ogrk ck`krjaay

jsfi`c Ousaios tg jmgpt tlk vjauks ge tlk Jokridj` dg`stitutig` j`m

jmgpt skduajriso, wlk` trjmitig`ja Isajoid tkxt tkjdlks tlk gppgsitk is j

ojngr dljaak`ck. G` durrk`t i`midjtig`s, tlky jrk agsi`c tlk bjttak

jog`cst tlk i`drkjsi`cay misk`dlj`tkm j`m rjmidjaiskm Ousaio ygutl.

]lky jrk rgoj`tidiskm imkjaists gr misjeekdtkm ygutls i` skjrdl ge

tlkoskavks jt tlis jck j`m tgg getk` kjsiay akm. ]lk Aketist bajdf j`m wlitk

imkgagcidja pkrspkdtivks j`m sgu`mbitks dj` getk` bk ogrk siopaistid tlj`

tlk dg`vgautkm ogrk pliagsgplidjaay ùj`dkm jrcuok`ts ge tlk Riclt.

]lis tlk`, jag`c witl j pkrdkivkm dgoog` k`koy, ojfk tlko j` kjsy

prky egr rjmidjaiso j`m rkvgautig`jry jdtiviso. Tustji`km kmudjtig`ja

prgcrjooks, js tg tlk virtuks ge pjtrigtiso j`m dg`stitutig`jaiso, i` j`y

dg`tkxt is j egroimjbak tjsf. Lgwkvkr, tlk `jturja dg`skrvjtiviso ge

Kurgpkj` j`m Jokridj` Ousaios `kkms tg bk jppkjakm tg j`m trjmitig`ja

Isajoid vjauks prgmudtivkay rkdg`tkxtujaiskm.

]g suoojrisk, sgok fky jrkjs tg bk jmmrksskm ie j`y prgdkss ge

tlkgagcidja j`m numidija rkegro is tg bk brguclt jbgut jrk>

• J` jdf`gwakmckok`t tljt tlk Zur’j` js j mivi`k rkvkajtig`grici`jtkm ergo j mivi`k sgurdk Jaajl but bki`c prg`k tg luojì`tkrprktjtig` wjs u`mkrstggm j`m i`tkrprktkm by j luoj`pkrspkdtivk. It is tlkrkegrk pgssibak tg prgeekr vjrigusi`tkrprktjtig`s g` sljrij j`m niljm. ]lk egrokr dj` bk vikwkm bgtl

:=4 Egr iègrojtig` g` JIEM skk lkrk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XUub1no1qw





283

i` j mivi`k sk`sk j`m jddkptkm js j` kvgavi`c oj`-ojmku`mkrstj`mi`c ge wljt tlk mivi`k k`tjias. J ogmieidjtig` gr rkegroge tlgsk kakok`ts ge sljrij ajw tljt jrk ‑vigak`t, i`tgakrj`t, grj`jdlrgìstid‟ slguam bk pursukm, js Jyjj` Lirsi Jai ljs dgrrkdtay

stjtkm, js j prigrity.

• J` kopljsis `gt g` tlk rkwjrms ge tlk jetkraiek, but tlk iopgrtj`dkge jdti`c ogrjaay i` rkspkdt tg g`k’s ekaagw oj` i` tlis aiek. Jatruiso bri`cs lkjvkày rkwjrm but dj``gt bk cujrj`tkkm by skaeislogtivjtig`s.

• ]lkrk is j `kkm tg dg`tkxtujaisk vkrsks i` tkros ge ogmkr` `kkms.I` sgok i`stj`dks, sudl js pgaycjoy j`m tlk mkìja ge wgoj`’sriclts, j rkegrokm pkrspkdtivk oust i`vgavk k`tirkay misoissi`c js

irrkakvj`t pjssjcks tljt wkrk rkakvj`t sgakay tg 3 tl dk`tury Jrjbij``kkms. ]lis dj` bk mg`k by jppkjai`c tg tlk kvgautig`jry `jturk getlk rkvkajtig` j`m its euturk prgplkdiks kopljsiskm js j dg`tiùuo.Gtlkr rkegroists succkst tljt tlk pri`dipaks bkli`m tlkskprksdriptig`s jrk ktkr`ja j`m u`dlj`ci`c, but tlis mgks `gtmisti`cuisl tlk pri`dipak ergo tlk prksdriptig` sueeidik`tay.Xrksdriptig`s jrk dg`ti`ck`t i`tkrprktjtig`s ge mivi`k pri`dipaks j`mdj` bk kvgavkm tg jaic` tlko witl ogmkr` vjauks j`m sk`sibiaitiks.]lk g`cgi`c kvgautig` dj` bk nustieikm js rkeakdtivk j`m ioitjtivk ge

tlk `jturk ge Jaajl’s ktkr`jaay prgcrkssi`c rkvkajtig`. Egr sgoksdlgajrs, sudl js Ejrzj`j Ljssj`:==, sudl j dgoprgoisk dj` bkjdlikvkm gày i` j vkry brgjm sk`sk. Egr kxjopak, ie tlk Zur ’j` djaasegr sgdija nustidk, tlk` tljt brgjm pri`dipak dj` bk jppaikm tg rkegroIsajoid sgdiktiks.

• ]lk akcja erjokwgrf ge j`y ogmkr` stjtk rkquirks j dakjrskpjrjtig` ge rkaicig` j`m stjtk. Issuks slguam bk mkbjtkm iàkcisajturks ergo j pgsitig` ge `kutrjaity tgwjrms jaa ejitl trjmitig`s. J og`g pkrspkdtivk ùrturi`c tlkgagcidja tyrj``y slguam bkgvkrrimmk` witl mijakdtid mkbjtk j`m i`tkr skdtjrij` dgèkrk`dksdg`simkrjtk ge jaa vikws. Dg`stitutig`ja pri`dipaks j`m cuimkai`ks gecgvkròk`t i` wkstkr` `jtig` stjtks slguam bk uplkam tg prgvimktlk ogmka ge cggm cgvkr`j`dk j`m dggrmi`jtkm witl tlksk keegrts.

:== Tkk lkrk.

http://www.clarionproject.org/analysis/farzana-hassan-islamic-reform-daunting-needed





28<

• J `kw dg`dkpt ge niljm oust bk mkbjtkm j`m egrouajtkm. ]lis `kkm`gt `kdkssitjtk ‑mkstrgyi`c it‟ js j pri`dipak k`tirkay gr ‑tryi`c tgprgvk tlkgagcidjaay tljt tlk mgdtri`k ge niljm is gbsgaktk‟:=;, butokrkay rkmkeiì`c it, i` j ogrk spiritujaiskm sk`sk js tlk Jlojmiyyj

prgekss. Ogrk ck`krjaay tlis dj` bk kopljsiskm i` tkros ge jì`tkr`ja spirituja wjr strivi`c egr j pkrsg`jaiskm suoouo bgùo gei``kr pkjdk. Js sudl it wiaa kopljsisk tlk psydlgagcidja pkrspkdtivkj`m `gt rkai`quisl jios, but it wiaa rki`tkrprkt tkxts. It is jì`tkrprktjtig` `gt jt jaa jaik` tg Isajo i` rkspkdt tg Crkkfpliagsgply, tljt getk`-k`visig`km pkrsg`ja prgcrkssig` i` tkros getlk kquiaibriuo ge bjttai`c ejduatiks ge tlk sgua j`m dgopkti`c j`mdgèaidti`c egrdks. ]lk pgaitidja miok`sig` slguam bk k`tirkayogmieikm. It slguam bk rknkdtkm ie it skkfs pgaitidja subnucjtig`, gr vigak`t dg`qukst, wlidl is jbsgautk j`m i`tgakrj`t ge dg`stitutig`ja vjauks j`m pri`dipaks, j`m is i` j`y djsk j` ioogrja, u`diviaiskmjck`mj.

• J mkkpkr u`mkrstj`mi`c ge wljt Isajo is, j`m wljt its oji`strkjoi`tkrprktjtig` slguam k`tjia tg bk ogmkrjtk is `kkmkm. Ogmkrjtig``kkms tg bk i`duadjtkm i` tlk oji`strkjo tlrgucl kmudjtig` iògsquks j`m tkjdli`c dk`trks. Jasg, by kobrjdi`c j wiaai`c`kss tg

mkbjtk vij okmij j`m kvgavk `kw i`tkrprktjtig`s ge tlk dgrktrjmitig`ja rkaicigus prkdkpts. Aitkrja i`tkrprktjtig`s j`m tgg oj`ypgpuajr kmudjtig`ja ojtkrijas ljrbgur tlk skkms ge rjmidjaiso j`moust bk misputkm gr purckm, sg tlk ai`f bktwkk` tlk eu`mjok`tjai`tkrprktjtig` ge niljm j`m jdts ge tkrrgriso dj` bk krjmidjtkm ergodgoouìtiks. ]lk skkms ge vigak`dk wiaa rkoji` ie Ousaios wgramwimk jddkpt tlk mgdtri`k ge niljm i` its prksk`t egro js j`kssk`tija kakok`t ge tlkir ejitl.

•]lk Zur’j`’s pri`dipak ge rktributivk ajw pkroits Ousaios tg skkfrkvk`ck egr pkrdkivkm i`nustidk. ]lk kyk-egr-j`-kyk ok`tjaity ejaasslgrt ge truk nustidk j`m pkrvjmks sljrij ajw. It prkmgoi`jtks tlki`tkrprktjtig` ge niljm. ]lus, niljm is kqujtkm witl rktributivk nustidk, rjtlkr tlj` witl rkegro. I` tlk oi`ms ge tkrrgrists, Jokridj` bgobs fiaa i``gdk`t Irjqi gr Jecljì dliamrk`. ]lis tlkrkegrk nustieiks Ousaio tkrrgrists fiaai`c i``gdk`t wkstkr`krs i` rktjaijtig`.Kmudjtig`ja okjsurks j`m pliagsgplidja mkbjtk oust slgw tlk

:=; Tkk lkrk j`m lkrk.

http://farzanahassan.com/Articals/FH0044.htm








289

supkrigrity ge j rkegrojtivk pk`gagcy j`m jaic` it witl spirituja j`mogrja prjdtidk.

•@g`-vigak`t Ousaios tljt wguam `gt k`cjck i` tkrrgriso, butkspgusk ljtk, jrcuk tljt wkstkr` egrkic` pgaidy is tlk ‑djusk‟ ge tlkprgbako. ]lis is ck`krjaay j mistgrtkm pkrspkdtivk bjskm g` j sfkwkmpkrspkdtivk ge listgry. I` its ogst vklkok`t kxprkssig`s it is usujaayprgpjcjtkm by pgaitidja kxtrkoists witl syopjtliks tk`mi`c tgwjrms@jtig`ja Tgdijaiso j`m Dgoou`iso. ]lk Isajoid wgram’srksk`tok`t tgwjrms tlk Skst oust bk slgw` tg bk ajrckay bjskm g`mistgrtig` j`m oisrkprksk`tjtig`. J pgaidy ge `g`-i`tkrvk`tig` j`mj ogrk Dg`stitutig`ja jpprgjdl by tlk [T oust sioiajray bk

rkjeeirokm tg slgw cggm wiaa tg lkap jvgim ‑egrkic` k`tj`cakok`ts‟js Nkeekrsg` put it. Mivisivk kmudjtig`ja ojtkrijas tgg slguam bktjrcktkm j`m oust bk slgw` tg bk bjskm g` misi`egrojtig` j`mprgpjcj`mj sprkjm dlikeay by tlk rjmidja kxtrkoists. Listgridjaay,tlk Skst ljs lkapkm tlk Isajoid wgram oj`y tioks, j`m ljsmkvkagpkm j rkajtig`slip ge dggpkrjtig` witl oj`y Isajoid `jtig`s.Lgwkvkr, prgpjcj`mj i` tlk Isajoid wgram prkvk`ts Ousaios ergou`mkrstj`mi`c tlk truk `jturk j`m dg`dkr`s ge tlk Skst’s mksirk tgk`lj`dk pgsitivk rkajtig`s witl Isajo. J`y dgu`tkr-tkrrgriso keegrt

rkquirks mieeusi`c sudl rksk`tok`t i`mivimujaay j`m dgaakdtivkay witl dggrmi`jtkm kmudjtig` prgcrjooks.



2:8

Tkdtig` ]lrkk

]lk Isajoid rjmidjas paj` tg dg`qukr tlk wgram

]lk Jrjb uprisi`cs kruptkm egur j`m j ljae ykjrs jcg. Ti`dk tljt tiok tlk

cagbja niljmi ogvkok`t ljs trj`segrokm i` j vjrikty ge `kw agdjaks jdrgss

tlk Jrjb wgram, ogst rkdk`tay i` Tyrij, Aibyj, Ti`ji j`m ]uìsij. Sliak

tlksk uplkjvjas surpriskm oj`y i` tlk rkcig`, ja-Zjimj ljm prkmidtkm

sudl kvk`ts uègami`c i` j 28-ykjr strjtkcid paj` (2888-2828) tljt djok

tg aiclt i` 288;. ]ljt baukpri`t ljs cg`k jddgrmi`c tg paj` sg ejr, jabkit

ogrk bkdjusk ge gutsimk j`m strudturja egrdks tlj` tlk keegrts ge niljmis

tlkoskavks. Dg`skquk`tay, tlk ogvkok`t wjs wkaa-pgsitig`km tg tjfk

jmvj`tjck ge tlk `kw mkvkagpok`ts.

]lk Isajoid rjmidjas paj` tg iopakok`t j cagbja djaipljtk ljs bkk`

mktjiakm by tlk Ngrmjìj` ngur`jaist Egujm Lusski` i` lis bggf ‑J a-^jrqjwi - ja-Zjimj’s Tkdg`m Ck`krjtig`‟. I` tlis bggf, Lusski` oj`jckm

tg ckt sgok ge tlk ogst sguclt-jetkr tkrrgrists tg gpk` up tg lio jetkr

spk`mi`c oj`y ykjrs i` prisg` tg kxtrjdt tlk iègrojtig` egr tlkir ag`c-

rj`ck paj`.

I` skvk` pljsks, Isajoid tkrrgrists lgpk tg kstjbaisl j djaipljtk, wlidl tlk

Skst wiaa tlk` bk tgg wkjf tg eiclt. It is gpk` tg i`tkrprktjtig` j`m mkbjtk

js tg wlktlkr tlksk pljsks jrk durrk`tay g` tjrckt jddgrmi`c tg tlk

tiokai`k js civk` tlk`.

• ]lk Eirst Xljsk F`gw` js ‑tlk jwjfkì`c‟ ljs jarkjmy bkk` djrrikm gutj`m wjs suppgskm tg ljvk ajstkm ergo 2888 tg 2884, gr ogrk prkdiskayergo tlk tkrrgrist jttjdfs ge Tkptkobkr ::, 288: i` @kw Ygrf j`m Sjsli`ctg` tg tlk ejaa ge Bjclmjm i` 2884. ]lk jio ge tlk jttjdfs ge 9/::

wjs tg prgvgfk tlk [T i`tg mkdajri`c wjr g` tlk Isajoid wgram j`m tlkrkby‑jwjfkì`c‟ Ousaios tg tlk djusk. ]lk eirst pljsk wjs numckm by tlk



2::

strjtkcists j`m ojstkroi`ms bkli`m ja-Zjimj js ‑ vkry suddksseua‟ wrgtkLusski`. ‑]lk bjttak eikam wjs gpk`km up j`m tlk Jokridj`s j`m tlkirjaaiks bkdjok j dagskr j`m kjsikr tjrckt.‟ ]lk tkrrgrist `ktwgrf is jasgrkpgrtkm js bki`c sjtiseikm tljt its okssjck dj` `gw bk lkjrm

‑kvkrywlkrk.‟

• ]lk Tkdg`m Xljsk ‑Gpkì`c Kyks‟ wjs, pkr Lusski`’s mkeiìtig`, tlkpkrigm u`tia 2885. Lusski` sjim tlk tkrrgrists lgpkm tg ojfk tlk wkstkr`dg`spirjdy jwjrk ge tlk ‑Isajoid dgoouìty.‟ Lk bkaikvkm tlis pljsk wguam bk g`k i` wlidl Ja-Zjkmj j`m gtlkr grcjìsjtig`s wguam mkvkagpi`tg j ogvkok`t. ]lk `ktwgrf wguam skkf tg rkdruit ygu`c ok` muri`ctlis pkrigm. Irjq wguam bkdgok tlk dk`trk egr jaa cagbja gpkrjtig`s, witlj` ‑jroy ‟ skt up tlkrk j`m bjsks kstjbaislkm i` gtlkr Jrjbid stjtks.

• ]lk ]lirm Xljsk mksdribkm js ‑ Jrisi`c j`m Ttj`mi`c [p‟ wjsk`visig`km js ajsti`c ergo 2883 tg 28:8. ‑]lkrk wiaa bk j egdus g` Tyrij‟ prgplksikm Lusski`, bjskm g` wljt lis sgurdks tgam lio. ]lk eiclti`cdjmrks wkrk suppgskmay jarkjmy prkpjrkm j`m sgok wguam bk dk`tkrkm iÌrjq. Jttjdfs g` ]urfky j`m kvk` ogrk kxpagsivkay Isrjka wkrk prkmidtkm. Ja-Zjkmj's ojstkroi`ms lgpkm tljt jttjdfs g` Isrjka wguam lkap tlktkrrgrist crgup bkdgok j rkdgcìskm grcjìsjtig`. ]lk jutlgr jasg

bkaikvkm tljt dgu`triks `kiclbguri`c Irjq, sudl js Ngrmj`, wguam jasg bki` mj`ckr.

• ]lk Egurtl Xljsk, bktwkk` 28:8 j`m 28:4, sguclt tg bri`c jbgut tlkdgaajpsk ge tlk ljtkm Jrjbid cgvkròk`ts. ]lk kstiojtk wjs tljt ““tlkdrkkpi`c agss ge tlk rkcioks’ pgwkr wguam akjm tg j stkjmy crgwtl i`strk`ctl witli` ja-Zjkmj.’’ Jt tlk sjok tiok jttjdfs wguam bk djrrikm gutjcji`st gia suppaikrs j`m tlk [T kdg`goy wguam bk tjrcktkm usi`c dybkrtkrrgriso.

• ]lk Eietl Xljsk wjs wlk` j` Isajoid stjtk, gr djaipljtk, wguam bkmkdajrkm. ]lis jarkjmy ljs bkk` by ITIT.:=5 ]lk paj` wjs tljt by tlis tiok,

:=5 Jddgrmi`c tg [ìtkm Ttjtks i`tkaaick`dk jck`diks i` kjray 2883, tlk ITI”jasg f`gw`js JZI”paj``km tg skizk pgwkr i` tlk dk`trja j`m wkstkr` jrkjs ge Irjq j`m tur` iti`tg j Tu`ì djaipljtk Tkk Ojl`jioi, [zi (:4 Ojy 2883). ‑ Ja-Zjkmj paj`ì`c oiaitj`tIsajoid stjtk witli` Irjq‟, ]lk Tu`mjy ]ioks (Ag`mg`). ]lk crgup buiat i` strk`ctlj`m jt its lkiclt k`ngykm j sicìeidj`t prksk`dk i` tlk Irjqi cgvkr`grjtks ge Ja J`bjr,Miyjaj j`m Bjclmjm, dajioi`c Bjqubjl js j djpitja dity.



2:2

bktwkk` 28:4 j`m 28:5, wkstkr` ièauk`dk i` tlk Isajoid wgram wguam bksg rkmudkm j`m Isrjka wkjfk`km sg oudl, tljt rksistj`dk wguam `gt bkekjrkm. ]lk Isajoid stjtk wguam tlk` prgpjcjtk tlk bkci`ì`c ge j `kwIsajoid wgram grmkr.

• ]lk Tixtl Xljsk Lusski` bkaikvkm wguam bk ergo 28:5 g`wjrms. ]lis wguam bk j pkrigm ge ‑tgtja dgèrg`tjtig`.‟ Js sgg` js tlk djaipljtk ljm bkk` mkdajrkm tlk ‑Isajoid jroy ‟ wguam i`sticjtk tlk ‑eiclt bktwkk` tlk bkaikvkrs j`m tlk `g`-bkaikvkrs‟, j euturk jasg prkmidtkm by Gsjoj biÀjmk`.

• ]lk Tkvk`tl Xljsk is mksdribkm js ‑mkeiìtivk vidtgry.‟ Lusski` writks

tljt i` tlk tkrrgrists’ kyks, bkdjusk tlk rkst ge tlk wgram wiaa bk sg bkjtk`mgw` by tlk ‑g`k-j`m-j-ljae biaaig` Ousaios‟, tlk djaipljtk wiaa

I` ajtk 2889, tlk dgooj`mkr ge [T egrdks i` Irjq, Ck`krja Rjy Gmikr`g, stjtkm tljttlk ITI ‑ljs trj`segrokm sicìeidj`tay i` tlk ajst twg ykjrs. Sljt g`dk wjs mgoi`jtkm

by egrkic` i`mivimujas ljs `gw bkdgok ogrk j`m ogrk mgoi`jtkm by Irjqi ditizk`s.‟ I` Ojrdl 28::, prgtksts bkcj` i` Tyrij jcji`st tlk Tyrij` cgvkròk`t ge Bjsljr ja-

Jssjm. I` tlk egaagwi`c og`tls, vigak`dk bktwkk` mkog`strjtgrs j`m skdurity egrdksakm tg j crjmuja oiaitjrisjtig` ge tlk dgèaidt. I` Jucust, ja-Bjclmjmi bkcj` sk`mi`cTyrij` j`m Irjqi ITI okobkrs kxpkrik`dkm i` cukrriaaj wjrejrk jdrgss tlk bgrmkr i`tgTyrij tg kstjbaisl j` grcjìsjtig` tlkrk. Akm by j Tyrij` f`gw` js Jbu Ouljoojm ja-

Nuajì, tlis crgup bkcj` tg rkdruit eicltkrs j`m kstjbaisl dkaas tlrguclgut tlk dgu`try.I` Njùjry 28:2, tlk crgup j``gu`dkm its egrojtig` js tlk ja-@usrj Erg`t. Ja-@usrjcrkw rjpimay i`tg j djpjbak eiclti`c egrdk, witl pgpuajr suppgrt jog`c Tyrij`sgppgskm tg tlk Jssjm cgvkròk`t.G` < Jpria 28:4, ja-Bjclmjmi rkakjskm j` jumig stjtkok`t i` wlidl lk j``gu`dkm tljttlk ja-@usrj Erg`t ljm bkk` kstjbaislkm, ei`j`dkm, j`m suppgrtkm by tlk Isajoid Ttjtkge Irjq, j`m tljt tlk twg crgups wkrk okrci`c u`mkr tlk `jok ‑Isajoid Ttjtk ge Irjqj`m Ja-Tljo‟.]lkrk jrk lgwkvkr sicìeidj`t mieekrk`dks bktwkk` ja-@usrj Erg`t j`m ITIA. Sliak ja-@usrj jdtivkay djaas egr tlk gvkrtlrgw ge tlk Jssjm cgvkròk`t, ITIA tk`ms tg bk ogrkegduskm g` kstjbaisli`c its gw` ruak g` dg`qukrkm tkrritgry. ITIA is ejr ogrk rutlakssi` buiami`c j` Isajoid stjtk, djrryi`c gut skdtjrij` jttjdfs j`m iopgsi`c sljrij ajw.

Sliak ja-@usrj ljs j ajrck dg`ti`ck`t ge egrkic` eicltkrs, it is skk` js j lgok-crgw`crgup by oj`y Tyrij`s6 by dg`trjst, ITIA eicltkrs ljvk bkk` mksdribkm js ‑egrkic`gddupikrs‟ by oj`y Tyrij`s. It ljs j strg`c prksk`dk i` dk`trja j`m `grtlkr` Tyrij,

wlkrk it ljs i`stitutkm sljrij.G` 29 Nu`k 28:=, tlk grcjìsjtig` prgdajiokm itskae tg bk j wgramwimk djaipljtk. JbuBjfr ja-Bjclmjmi, jfj tlk Djaipl Ibrjlio, wjs `jokm its djaipl, j`m tlk crguprk`jokm itskae ‑Isajoid Ttjtk‟ (IT). Js j djaipljtk, it dajios rkaicigus, pgaitidja j`moiaitjry jutlgrity gvkr jaa Ousaios wgramwimk. ]lk akcitiojdy ge it bki`c j djaipljtkj`m tlk `jok ‑Isajoid Ttjtk‟ ljvk bkk` rknkdtkm by cgvkròk`ts j`m Ousaio akjmkrs

wgramwimk. It `kvkrtlkakss mgks `gt rkmudk its akcitiojdy tg its prgpg`k`ts j`msuppgrtkrs, wlidl sjys oudl ge its gw` wgram vikw j`m oissig` paj` j`m is ogrkpkrti`k`t dg`simkri`c its mj`ckrs.



2:4

u`mgubtkmay suddkkm. ]lis pljsk slguam bk dgopaktkm by 2828, jatlgucltlk wjr slguam`’t ajst ag`ckr tlj` twg ykjrs.

I` tlis strjtkcy js Jyoj` ja ^jwjliri, tlk skdg`m i` dgooj`m ge ja-Zjkmjstjtkm i` lis jmmrkss tg Gbjoj i` 288<>

‑Ygu oust jasg jpprkdijtk js ygu tjfk gvkr tlk prksimk`dy ge Jokridj muri`c its drusjmk jcji`st Isajo j`m Ousaios, tljt ygu jrk`kitlkr ejdi`c i`mivimujas `gr grcjìsjtig`s, but jrk ejdi`c j niljmijwjfkì`c j`m rk`jissj`dk wlidl is sljfi`c tlk piaajrs ge tlk k`tirkOusaio wgram, j`m tlis is tlk ejdt wlidl ygu j`m ygur cgvkròk`tj`m dgu`try rkeusk tg rkdgcìsk j`m prktk`m `gt tg skk.‟

Isajoid niljm j`m its i`drkjsi`c iopakok`tjtig` i` tlk Skst

Ie wk jrk tg tjfk Jyoj` ja ^jwjliri skrigusay, tlk g`cgi`c tlrkjt ge

Isajoid kxtrkoiso is `gt siopay prgpjcjtkm vij tkrrgrist djopjic`s by

g`k gr ogrk i`mivimujas gr kvk` grcjìsjtig`s. It is i`midjtivk ogrk

ck`krjaay ge j` jwjfkì`c witli` tlk Isajoid wgram ge tlk iopkrjtivk ge niljm. Js sudl it jasg rkprksk`ts j rkjeeirojtig` ge j pri`dipak witli` tlk

vkry `jturk j`m ktlgs ge wljt Isajo is itskae.

]lis tlk` is `gt siopay j oiaitjry bjttak bktwkk` agdja ejdtig`s, gr j

tkrrgrist tlrkjt i` tlk agdjaiskm sk`sk, but j diviaisjtig`ja struccak tljt is

i`drkjsi`cay bki`c wjckm g` ouatipak erg`ts jrgu`m tlk wgram. Lkrk ogrk

brgjmay, Isajo is skkfi`c tg wjck j oiaitjry, pgaitidja, kdg`goid, sgdija j`m

duaturja wjr i` jaa splkrks tg jttji` mgoi`j`dk j`m jdlikvk tlk tgtja

subnucjtig` ge tlk Skst j`m Kjst egr Jaajl.

By wjy ge j dritiquk ge Jyoj` ja ^jwjliri’s stjtkok`t, lgwkvkr, tlis

jck`mj tgg is i`drkjsi`cay bki`c egistkm g` wkstkr` diviaisjtig` by dgvkrt

j`m gvkrt jck`ts wlg jrk skkfi`c tg subvkrt wkstkr` vjauks tg j`

i`drkjsi`cay sljrij dgopaij`t systko. ]lk grcjìsjtig`ja `ktwgrf tg



2:;

]lk diviaisjtig`ja niljm strjtkcy

J`mrkw OdDjrtly, writkr j`m egrokr prgskdutgr i` tlk [T Mkpjrtok`t ge

Nustidk kopljsisks tlk ogrk ck`krja tlrkjt pgskm by diviaisjtig`ja niljmi` lis dajio>

‑]lk gbnkdtivk ge Ousaio suprkojdists is tg mgoi`jtk j`m Isajoiskdgu`triks `gt tg kouajtk tlko.‟

Lis dajio is tljt Isajoid vjauks jrk eu`mjok`tjaay i`djpjbak ge bki`c

rkegrokm. Gur Numkg-Dlristij` vjauks jrk jaik` tg Isajo, j`m i` rkspkdt tg

bgtl ogrja rkajtiviso j`m aibkrja prgcrkssiviso pjrtiduajray, Isajo dakjray

rkprksk`ts j` i`trj`sick`t tlrkjt. ]lis tlrkjt rkquirks gày suboissig` tg

its jbsgautk vjauk systko.

I` tlis i`mivimujaiso, kqujaity, tgakrj`dk, paurjaiso, skduajriso, ktd jrk

vjauks jaik` tg tlk sljrij. Slkrkjs tlk jbsgautk pri`dipaks ge tlk sljrij

(ojìekst js stjtk jutlgritjrijìso, i`kqujaity, i`tgakrj`dk, ktd.) jrk

dljopig`km i` tlk `jok ge j mivi`k iopkrjtivk. I` tlis ktlgs, js tlk

egu`mkr ge tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm Ljssj` ja-Bj``j stjtkm>

‑It is tlk `jturk ge Isajo tg mgoi`jtk, tg iopgsk its ajw g` jaa`jtig`s, j`m kxtk`m its pgwkr tg tlk k`tirk paj`kt.‟

]lk diviaisjtig`ja niljm strjtkcy, aifk tlk Ja-Zjkmj strjtkcy ge Egujm

Lusski`, skkfs j cagbja djaipljtk. It is tg bk iopakok`tkm i`drkok`tjaay

js j :88-ykjr paj`.

]lk strjtkcy djok tg tlk jttk`tig` ge wkstkr` jutlgritiks js it wjs

egrouajtkm js j paj` grici`jaay skizkm i` Twitzkraj`m i` ajtk 288: g` tlk

prgpkrtiks ge Ygusske @jmj.:=< I` tlk @gvkobkr 288: rjim j` u`titakm

:=< @jmj wlg wjs mirkdtgr ge tlk Ja-]jqwj Bj`f ge Aucj`g, ljs ljm jdtivk jssgdijtig` witl tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm egr ogrk tlj` ;8 ykjrs. Lk jmoittkm tg bki`c g`k ge tlk



2:5

mgduok`t, writtk` i` Jrjbid j`m mjtkm : Mkdkobkr :9<2, gutai`km j paj`

tg ièiatrjtk j`m mkekjt wkstkr` dgu`triks by stkjatl. Ajtkr rkekrrkm tg js

‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ by Twiss-Erk`dl ngur`jaist Tyavji` Bkssg`,:=9 tlk dg`tk`t

grcjìsjtig`’s i`tkr`jtig`ja akjmkrs. @jmj is ogst ejogus egr rjisi`c suddksseuaKurgpkj` luoj` riclts akcja djsks tg mkek`m lioskae jcji`st jddusjtig`s ge tkrrgriso

by tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks. ]lk [.T. jddusjtig`s, ojmk mirkdtay jetkr tlk 9/:: jttjdfs,rksuatkm i` lis pajdkok`t g` tlk [ìtkm @jtig`s Tkdurity Dgu`dia Rksgautig` :253tkrrgr bajdfaist.

I` 288:, @jmj wjs pajdkm g` tlk [@ tkrrgr aist by tlk [T ]rkjsury Mkpjrtok`t. @jmj wjs jaakckm tg ljvk ei j`dkm jdtivitiks ge Ja- Zjkmj, Ljojs (tlk Xjakstiìj` jeeiaijtk ge

tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm), tlk Jackrij` CIJ, j`m tlk ]uìsij` K``jlmjl. @jmj vklkok`tay mkìkm tlk dljrcks. ]lk [.T. jddusjtig` wjs ojmk jppaidjbak u`mkr tlk[@ tkrrgr-aisti`c prgcrjook j`m jeekdtkm lis aiek i` Twitzkraj`m, `gtjbay lis jsskts,rkputjtig` j`m jbiaity tg ogvk erkkay. I` 2885, lk sukm tlk Twiss cgvkròk`t egrrkstitutig` ge ei`j`dija agssks muk tg tlk Twiss i`vksticjtig`.

By 2889, bgtl tlk Twiss j`m Itjaij` i`vksticjtig`s ge @jmj wkrk mrgppkm js `gkvimk`dk wjs egu`m tg suppgrt tlk [.T. jddusjtig`s. Bgtl Twitzkraj`m j`m Itjaypktitig`km tlk [@ ]krrgriso Dgooittkk tg rkogvk @jmj’s `jok ergo tlk [ìtkm@jtig`s Tkdurity Dgu`dia Rksgautig` :253 bajdfaist, jt tlk gbnkdtig` ge tlk [ìtkmTtjtks. ]lk [.T. ei`jaay jdquiksdkm tg lis rkogvja g` 2= Tkptkobkr 2889 but rktji`km

@jmj g` tlk mgokstid [.T. ]rkjsury aist u`mkr Kxkdutivk Grmkr :422= u`tia 2;Ekbrujry 28:; wlk` it jasg rkogvkm lis `jok ergo its gw` sj`dtig`s aist.

Sliak tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks rkeuskm tg misdagsk kvimk`dk ge @jmj's cuiat, dajioi`c tljt tlkkvimk`dk wjs dajssieikm, it rkogvkm lis jok ergo jaa its aists siak`tay witl aittak ejèjrki` 28:;.

Bktwkk` 2883—2889, @jmj’s ‑grmkja‟ wjs tlk egdja pgi`t ge j Dgu`dia ge KurgpkXjraijok`tjry luoj` riclts i`vksticjtig` ge tlk [@ tkrrgr-bajdfaisti`c prgdkmurks,j`m tlk [@ ]krrgriso Dgooittkk i` ck`krja. I` 288<, @jmj rjiskm j djsk jcji`stTwitzkraj`m jt tlk Kurgpkj` Dgurt ge Luoj` Riclts i` Ttrjsbgurc.

G` :2 Tkptkobkr 28:2, tlk Kurgpkj` Dgurt ge Luoj` Riclts ruakm i` ejvgur ge @jmj,diti`c tljt @jmj's luoj` riclts ljm bkk` vigajtkm, i` tlk dg`tkxt ge tlk Kurgpkj`Dg`vk`tig` g` Luoj` Riclts. I` tlis ruai`c tlk cgvkròk`t ge Twitzkraj`m wjsgrmkrkm tg pjy @jmj 48,888 Kurgs i` mjojcks, egr tlkir trkjtok`t ge lio js j pkrsg`pajdkm ” witl `g kvimk`dk ge cuiat ” g` tlk [ìtkm @jtig`s Tkdurity Dgu`diaRksgautig` :253 tkrrgr bajdfaist by tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks.

:=9 Tyavji` Bkssg` ge Ak ]kops, j`m lis bggf pubaislkm i` Gdtgbkr 288; i` Erj`dk, Ajdg`quîtk mk a'Gddimk`t> Ak prgnkt skdrkt mks Isajoistks (]lk Dg`qukst ge tlk Skst> ]lkIsajoists' Tkdrkt Xrgnkdt), ljs iègrojtig` rkcjrmi`c ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟. G`k wkstkr`geeidija ditkm by Bkssg` mksdribkm ]lk Xrgnkdt js ‑j tgtjaitjrij` imkgagcy ge ièiatrjtig`

wlidl rkprksk`ts, i` tlk k`m, tlk crkjtkst mj`ckr egr Kurgpkj` sgdiktiks.‟



2:3

j`m prgvk`j`dk ge tlk mgduok`t bkdjok tlk subnkdt ge dgèaidti`c okmij

jddgu`ts i` subskquk`t ykjrs.

]lgucl tlk mgduok`t dg`tji`km `g ok`tig` ge tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm,it ljs bkk` pgrtrjykm js j skoi`ja Brgtlkrlggm tkxt. It gutai`ks tlkir paj`

tg ièiatrjtk j`m mkekjt wkstkr` dgu`triks jrgu`m tlk wgram i`drkok`tjaay.

I`daumkm i` tlk :=-pjck paj` wjs j :2-pgi`t strjtkcy tg ‑kstjbaisl j`

Isajoid cgvkròk`t g` kjrtl‟. Jddgrmi`c tg tkstiog`y civk` tg Twiss

jutlgritiks by @jmj, tlk u`sic`km mgduok`t wjs prkpjrkm by ‑Isajoid

rkskjrdlkrs‟, but sudl rkskjrdlkrs wkrk tlguclt tg bk jssgdijtkm witl tlk

Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm `ktwgrf i` j`y djsk.

]lk Xrgnkdt rkprksk`ts j eakxibak, ouati-pljskm, ag`c-tkro jpprgjdl tg tlk

‑duaturja i`vjsig`‟ ge tlk Skst. It utiaisks vjrigus tjdtids, rj`ci`c ergo

iooicrjtig`, ièiatrjtig`, survkiaaj`dk, prgpjcj`mj, prgtkst, mkdkptig`,

pgaitidja akcitiojdy j`m tkrrgriso. Rjtlkr tlj` egdusi`c g` tkrrgriso js

tlk sgak oktlgm ge crgup jdtig`, js is tlk djsk witl tlk Ja-Zjkmj strjtkcy,

it utiaisks j ouatipaidity ge gptig`s jvjiajbak tg prgcrkssivkay ièiatrjtk,

dgèrg`t, j`m kvk`tujaay kstjbaisl Isajoid mgoi`j`dk. ]lk egaagwi`c

tjdtids j`m tkdlìquks jrk jog`c tlk oj`y rkdgook`mjtig`s ojmk>

•@ktwgrfi`c j`m dggrmi`jti`c jdtig`s bktwkk` aifkoi`mkm

eu`mjok`tjaist Isajoid grcjìsjtig`s.

•Jvgimi`c gpk` jaaij`dks witl f`gw` tkrrgrist grcjìsjtig`s j`m

i`mivimujas tg oji`tji` tlk jppkjrj`dk ge ‑ogmkrjtig`‟.

•Ièiatrjti`c j`m tjfi`c gvkr kxisti`c Ousaio grcjìsjtig`s tg rkjaic`

tlko tgwjrms tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm’s dgaakdtivk cgjas.



2:<

•[si`c mkdkptig` tg ojsf tlk i`tk`mkm cgjas ge tlkir jdtig`s, ie it mgks`’t

dgèaidt witl sljrij ajw.

•Jvgimi`c sgdija dgèaidts witl wkstkr`krs agdjaay, `jtig`jaay gr cagbjaay,tljt oiclt mjojck tlk ag`c-tkro jbiaity tg kxpj`m tlkir pgwkrbjsk i` tlk

Skst gr prgvgfk j bjdf ajsl jcji`st Ousaios.

•Kstjbaisli`c ei`j`dija `ktwgrfs tg eu`m tlk wgrf ge dg`vkrsig` ge tlk

Skst, i`daumi`c tlk suppgrt ge euaa-tiok jmoiìstrjtgrs j`m wgrfkrs.

•Dg`mudti`c survkiaaj`dk, gbtjiì`c mjtj, j`m kstjbaisli`c dgaakdtig` j`m

mjtj stgrjck djpjbiaitiks.

•Xutti`c i`tg pajdk j wjtdlmgc systko egr ogìtgri`c wkstkr` okmij tg

wjr` Ousaios ge ‑i`tkr`jtig`ja pagts egok`tkm jcji`st tlko‟.

•Duativjti`c j eu`mjok`tjaist i`tkaakdtuja dgoouìty, i`daumi`c tlk

kstjbaislok`t ge tli`f-tj`fs j`m jmvgdjdy crgups, j`m pubaisli`c

‑jdjmkoid‟ stumiks, tg akcitioisk tlkir pgsitig`s j`m tg dlrgìdak j listgry

ge rjmidja Isajoid ogvkok`ts.

•Mkvkagpi`c j dgoprklk`sivk :88-ykjr paj` tg jmvj`dk rjmidja Isajoid

imkgagcy tlrguclgut tlk wgram.

•Bjaj`di`c i`tkr`jtig`ja gbnkdtivks witl agdja eakxibiaity .

•Buiami`c kxtk`sivk sgdija `ktwgrfs ge sdlggas, lgspitjas j`m dljritjbak

grcjìsjtig`s mkmidjtkm tg tlkir eu`mjok`tja imkjas, sg tljt dg`tjdt witl

Ousaios i` tlk Skst is dg`stj`t.

•I`vgavi`c imkgagcidjaay dgooittkm Ousaios i` mkogdrjtidjaay -kakdtkm

i`stitutig`s g` jaa akvkas i` tlk Skst, i`daumi`c cgvkròk`t, @CGs, privjtk

grcjìsjtig`s j`m trjmk uìg`s.



2:9

•I`struok`tjaay usi`c kxisti`c wkstkr` i`stitutig`s u`tia tlky dj` bk

dg`vkrtkm j`m put i`tg tlk skrvidk ge Isajo.

•Mrjeti`c Isajoid dg`stitutig`s, ajws j`m pgaidiks egr kv k`tujaiopakok`tjtig`.

•Jvgimi`c i`tkr`ja dgèaidt witli` tlk eu`mjok`tjaist ogvkok`ts g` jaa

akvkas, i`daumi`c tlk mkvkagpok`t ge prgdkssks egr dgèaidt rksgautig`.

•Iopakok`ti`c jaaij`dks witl wkstkr` ‑prgcrkssivk‟ grcjìsjtig`s tljt

sljrk sioiajr cgjas.

•Drkjti`c jutg`gogus ‑skdurity egrdks‟ tg prgtkdt Ousaios i` tlk Skst.

•Ièajoi`c vigak`dk j`m fkkpi`c Ousaios aivi`c i` tlk Skst ‑i` j niljm

dk`trkm erjok ge oi`m‟.

•Tuppgrti`c niljm ogvkok`ts jdrgss tlk Ousaio wgram tlrgucl

prkjdli`c, prgpjcj`mj, pkrsg``ka, eu`mi`c, j`m tkdlìdja j`m

gpkrjtig`ja suppgrt.

•Ojfi`c tlk Xjakstiìj` djusk j cagbja wkmck issuk egr Ousaios.

•Jmgpti`c tlk tgtja aibkrjtig` ge Xjaksti`k ergo Isrjka j`m eurtlkri`c tlk

drkjtig` ge j `kw eu`mjok`tja Isajoid stjtk js j fkystg`k i` tlk paj` egr

cagbja mgoi`jtig`.

•I`sticjti`c j dg`stj`t djopjic` tg i`ditk ljtrkm by Ousaios jcji`st Nkws

j`m rknkdti`c j`y misdussig`s ge dg`diaijtig` gr dgkxistk`dk witl tlko.

•Jdtivkay drkjti`c niljm tkrrgr dkaas witli` Xjaksti`k.

•Ai`f i`c tlk tkrrgrist jdtivitiks i` Xjaksti`k witl tlk cagbja tkrrgr

ogvkok`t.



228

•Dgaakdti`c sueeidik`t eu`ms iaakcjaay j`m tlrgucl drioi`ja jdtivity, erjum

j`m tlk bajdf ojrfkt tg i`mkeiìtkay pkrpktujtk j`m suppgrt niljm jrgu`m

tlk wgram.:;8

]lk paj` it gutai`ks ljs bkk` tlk subnkdt ge dg`simkrjbak misdussig`

jog`cst wkstkr` i`tkaaick`dk jck`diks. G`k [T dgu`tkrtkrrgriso geeidija

wlg spgfk witl Bkssg` jbgut ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ wjs Slitk Lgusk tkrrgriso

Dzjr, Nuj` ^jrjtk.:;: Djaai`c ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ j Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm ojstkr

paj` egr ‑sprkjmi`c tlkir pgaitidja imkgagcy‟, ^jrjtk kxprksskm dg`dkr`s tg

Bkssg` bkdjusk>

‑tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm is j crgup tljt wgrriks us `gt bkdjusk itmkjas witl pliagsgplidja gr imkgagcidja imkjs, but bkdjusk it mkek`mstlk usk ge vigak`dk jcji`st diviaij`s.‟

Rkuvk` Xjz, j` i`tkr`jtig`ja sdlgajr ge eu`mjok`tjaist Isajoid

ogvkok`ts, ljs jasg tjafkm jbgut ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟. Lk vikws it js bki`c pjrt

ge tlk dljrtkr ge tlk i`tkr`jtig`ja grcjìsjtig` ge tlk Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm, wlidl it is dajiokm wjs gày geeidija kstjbaislkm g` Nuay 29,

:9<2. It rkeakdts j` jck`mj, rkvivkm i` tlk :958s, egr tlk prgpjcjtig` ge

:;8 I` tlk K`caisl-aj`cujck prkss, tlk jttk`tig` pjim tg Bkssg`’s rkvkajtig` ge ‑]lkXrgnkdt‟ ljs bkk` jaogst g`-kxistk`t. ]lk gày ok`tig` egu`m i` j oji`strkjo okmijpubaidjtig` i` tlk [T ljs bkk` js j skdg`mjry itko i` j` jrtidak i` tlk Skkfay Ttj`mjrm(Ekbrujry 28, 2885) by Gaivikr Cuittj, ‑]lk Djrtgg` Niljm‟. ]lk ogst kxtk`sivkdgook`tjry g` ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ ljs bkk` by j` Jokridj` rkskjrdlkr j`m ngur`jaistaivi`c i` Ag`mg`, Tdgtt Burckss, wlg ljs pgstkm lis j`jaysis ge tlk mgduok`t g` lis

bagc ‑]lk Mjiay Jbautig`‟. Jag`c witl lis dgook`tjry, j` K`caisl trj`sajtig` ge tlkErk`dl tkxt ge ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ wjs skrijaiskm i` Mkdkobkr (Xjrts I, II, III, IU, U,Dg`dausig`). ]lk dgopaktk K`caisl trj`sajtig` prkpjrkm by Or. Burckss is prksk`tkmi` its k`tirkty i` Erg`t Xjck Ojcjzi`k, i` j` jrtidak k`titakm ‑]lk Ousaio BrgtlkrlggmXrgnkdt" by Xjtridf Xggak. Tkk lkrk.

:;: Gaivkr Cuittj’s, Skkfay Ttj`mjrm jrtidak. Tkk lkrk jasg i` rkspkdt tg tlk [F’s ajtkststj`dk.

http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readarticle.aspx?ARTID=4476



http://www.weeklystandard.com/the-brotherhood-in-london/article/793502







22:

Brgtlkrlggm i`tkaakdtujas (pri`dipjaay Tyrij` j`m Kcyptij`s) ‑i`tg

pgsitig`s ge ièauk`dk i` Kurgpk.‟:;2

Js Xjz `gtks, ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ wjs mrjetkm by tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm jspjrt ge its rk-dljrtkri`c prgdkss i` :9<2> j tiok tljt ojrfs j` kxpj`sig`

ge its ièauk`dk j`m jdtivitiks, js wkaa js j turì`c pgi`t i` tlk jatkr`jti`c

pkrigms ge rkprkssig` j`m tgakrjtig` by tlk Kcyptij` cgvkròk`t. I` :9;2,

tlk grcjìsjtig` pajykm j dritidja suppgrt rgak tg tlk Erkk Geeidkrs

Ogvkok`t akm by Cjoja Jbmua @jsskr, wlidl gvkrtlrkw Fi`c Ejruq, but

quidfay ekaa gut ge ejvgur witl tlk `kw rkvgautig`jry rkciok bkdjusk ge

@jsskr’s rkeusja tg egaagw tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm’s djaa tg i`stitutk j`

imkgagcidjaay dgooittkm Isajoid stjtk. Jt vjrigus tioks si`dk tlk Nuay

Rkvgautig` i` :9;2, tlk Brgtlkrlggm ljs rkcuajray bkk` bj``km j`m its

akjmkrs fiaakm j`m ioprisg`km by Kcyptij` jutlgritiks.

Ti`dk it wjs rk-dljrtkrkm i` :9<2, tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm ljs sprkjm its

`ktwgrf jdrgss tlk Oimmak Kjst, Kurgpk, j`m kvk` Jokridj. Jt lgok i`Kcypt, pjraijok`tjry kakdtig`s i` 288; sjw tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm

wi`ì`c 28 pkrdk`t ge tlk jvjiajbak akcisajtivk skjts, dgoprisi`c tlk

ajrckst gppgsitig` pjrty bagdf. Its Xjakstiìj` jeeiaijtk (Ljojs) cji`km

dg`trga ge tlk Xjakstiìj` Jutlgrity jetkr kakdtig`s skdurkm egr tlko 3= ge

:42 skjts i` tlk Xjakstiìj` Akcisajtivk Dgu`dia. Its Tyrij` brj`dl ljs

listgridjaay bkk` tlk ajrckst grcjìskm crgup gppgsi`c tlk Jssjm rkciok,

j`m tlk grcjìsjtig` jasg ljs jeeiaijtks i` Ngrmj`, Tumj`, j`m Irjq. I` tlk

[T, tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm is priojriay rkprksk`tkm by tlk Ousaio

Jokridj` Tgdikty (OJT).

Ti`dk its egrojtig`, tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm ljs jmvgdjtkm tlk usk ge

tkrrgriso js j okj`s ge jmvj`di`c its jck`mj ge cagbja Isajoid

:;2 Tkk Erg`t Xjck Ojcjzi`k ‑]lk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm Xrgnkdt" by Xjtridf Xggak.



222

mgoi`jtig`. Js tlk ajrckst pgpuajr rjmidja ogvkok`t i` tlk Isajoid

wgram, it ljs jasg jttrjdtkm oj`y akjmi`c i`tkaakdtujas. I`daumkm jog`c

tlko is Ygusske Zjrjmjwi, j` Kcyptij`-bgr`, Zjtjr-bjskm dakrid.

Js g`k ge tlk akjmi`c Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm spirituja eicurks j`m rjmidja

Isajoid prkjdlkrs (wlg ljs lis gw` wkkfay prgcrjook g` Ja-Njzkkrj),

Zjrjmjwi ljs bkk` g`k ge tlk akjmi`c jpgagcists ge suidimk bgobi`cs i`

Isrjka j`m tkrrgriso jcji`st wkstkr` i`tkrksts i` tlk Oimmak Kjst. Bgtl

Tyavji` Bkssg` j`m Tdgtt Burckss prgvimk kxtk`sivk dgopjrisg`s bktwkk`

Zjrjmjwi’s pubaidjtig`, ‑Xrigritiks ge tlk Isajoid Ogvkok`t i` tlk

Dgoi`c Xljsk‟, pubaislkm i` :998, j`m ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟, wlidl prkmjtks

Zjrjmj wi’s ‑Xrigritiks‟ by kiclt ykjrs. ]lky `gtk tlk strifi`c sioiajritiks

i` tlk aj`cujck uskm j`m tlk paj`s j`m oktlgms bgtl mgduok`ts

jmvj`dk.:;4

Egr tlgsk kxpkrts wlg ljvk rkjm ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟, wljt is ogst trgubai`c is

`gt tljt tlky ljvk mkvkagpkm j paj` egr cagbja mgoi`j`dk (j dggrmi`jtkmstrjtkcy j`m oktlgmgagcy ljs jawjys bkk` jssuokm) but rjtlkr lgw

keekdtivk tlk paj` egr dg`qukst tg mjtk ljs bkk`. Kqujaay trgubai`c is tlk

imkgagcy tljt aiks bkli`m tlk strjtkcy. Fky kakok`ts i`daumk>

• I`diti`c ljtrkm j`m vigak`dk jcji`st Nkws j`m Dlristij`s jrgu`m

tlk wgram.

• ]lk mkaibkrjtk dg-gpti`c j`m subvkrsig` ge wkstkr` pubaid j`m

privjtk i`stitutig`s.

:;4 It is spkduajtkm tljt ‑]lk Xrgnkdt‟ wjs kitlkr uskm by Zjrjmjwi js j tkopajtk egr lisgw` wgrf, gr tljt lk ljm j lj`m i` mrjeti`c it i` :9<2. Xkrljps dgi`dimk`tjaay,Zjrjmjwi wjs tlk egurtl ajrckst sljrklgamkr i` tlk Ja-]jqwj Bj`f ge Aucj`g, tlkmirkdtgr ge wlidl, Ygusske @jmj, wjs tlk i`mivimuja j`m i` wlgsk pgsskssig` ‑]lkXrgnkdt‟ wjs egu`m. Ti`dk :999, Zjrjmjwi ljs bkk` bj``km ergo k`tkri`c tlk [T js jrksuat ge lis dg``kdtig`s tg tkrrgrist grcj`isjtig`s j`m muk tg lis pubaid jmvgdjdy getkrrgriso.



224

• ]lk ejvguri`c ge mkaibkrjtk j`m ksdjajti`c dgèrg`tjtig` by Ousaio

crgups (j`m `gt siopay ejoiaiks aivi`c i` tlk Skst) jcji`st tlkir

`kiclbgurs j`m ekaagw-ditizk`s.

• ]lk jddkptj`dk ge tkrrgriso js j akcitiojtk gptig` egr jdlikvi`c

tlkir k`ms.

• ]lk i`kvitjbak rkjaity ge wjci`c niljm jcji`st `g`-Ousaios tg

jdlikvk its ag`c-tkro cgja ge kègrdi`c sljrij ajw i` tlk Skst, j`m

tlk`dk wgramwimk.

]g suoojrisk ‑]lk Xrgnkdt’s‟ strjtkciks i` j duaturja dg`tkxt, tlk paj`

rkquirks>

• ]lk crjmuja jsskrtig` ge j` i`drkjsi`c Isajoid plysidja prksk`dk i`

j agdja dgoouìty gr jrkj, usujaay tlrgucl tlk buiami`c ge j ogsquk.

• J rkeusja tg jssioiajtk witl gtlkrs i` tljt jrkj jetkrwjrms.

• J crjmuja mkoj`m tg jsskrt sljrij witli` tljt jrkj, tg u`mkroi`k

tlk agdja ajws j`m vjauks. ]lis ojy i`vgavk tlk djaa egr> ljaja duaai`c,

tlk iopakok`tjtig` ge pubaid djopjic`s, i`tioimjtig` j`m buaayi`c

tg iopakok`t Isajoid `g-cg jrkjs wlkrk mri`fi`c is suppgskmay

bj``km, kègrdkm ogmks ge mrkss iìtijaay jmviskm, tlk` rkqukstkm

j`m tlk` i`sistkm upg`, ]rgnj` lgrsk kmudjtig` ge Isajoid vjauks i`

sdlggas, ktd.

• ]lk crjmuja kxpj`sig` ge j` Isajoid spjdk j`m vjauk systko is

rkquirkm. ]lis rkquirks mkoj`mi`c tljt Isajoid `gros j`m vjauks

bk `gt siopay rkdgcìskm but dljopig`km js prkmgoi`j`t i` tlk

i`tkrksts ge ‑tgakrj`dk‟, ‑dgoouìty dglksig`‟ j`m tlk ‑cggm ge tlk

dgoouìty‟. ]lis is rkiègrdkm js j @g-Cg ^g`k jt ìclt by ojsfkm

viciaj`tks, tlk` kxpj`mkm sg tljt tlk dgoouìty, bgrgucl, dgu`ty

j`m kvk`tujaay lgst `jtig` dgègros i`drkjsi`cay tg Isajo j`muatiojtkay oust jddkpt j`m dgègro tg Isajoid vjauks.



22=

]lk pljsks ge tlk paj` pjrtiduajray jcji`st tlk lgst `jtig`’s cgvkròk`t

rkquirk>

•

]lk misdrkkt kstjbaislok`t ge j dgvkrt pgaitidja `ktwgrf.• J crjmuja jppkjrj`dk g` tlk pubaid sdk`k ge Isajoid dk`trkm pgaitidja

eicurks.

• J` ksdjajtig` ge tlkir pgwkr, jutlgrity j`m prksk`dk usi`c tlk

okmij.

• ]lk usk ge dgèrg`tjtig` tjdtids jcji`st tlk lgst `jtig`’s

cgvkròk`t, tlrgucl prkssurk crgups j`m mkog`strjtig`s, tgeurtlkr Isajoid i`tkrksts j`m tlk vjauks ge sljrij.

• ]lk kvk`tuja skizi`c ge pgwkr tlrgucl tlk dggrmi`jtig` ge jaa

Isajoid grcjìsjtig`s j`m dk`trks ge pgwkr i` tlk dgu`try js j

uìtkm erg`t. :;=

Ttrjtkciks egr dgobjtti`c sljrij

Xrjdtidja okjsurks rkquirkm tg prkskrvk cggm dg`stitutig`ja prjdtidk j`m

vjauks i` rkspkdt tg prgtkdti`c wkstkr` diviaisjtig` ergo tlk sljrij tlrkjt

u`tia Isajo ljs bkk` sueeidik`tay rkegrokm oiclt bk>

• J dggrmi`jtkm keegrt tg kmudjtk pgaidy-ojfkrs, ei`j`dikrs,

busi`kssok`, numcks, ngur`jaists, dgoouìty akjmkrs j`m tlk pubaid

:;= ]lk akcitiojdy ge tlksk gutai`km strjtkciks egr cagbja dg`trga oiclt ge dgursk bkspurigus, gr kvk` paj`tkm by dgu`tkr jck`t kxtrkoists skkfi`c tg akcitioiskpkrskdutig` j`m tlus eurtlkr tlkir gw` djusk. J` jrcuok`t by wjy ge mkek`dk oicltjsskrt tljt tlky ljvk js oudl akcitiojdy js tlk dajios egr tlk tlrkjt gutai`km i` ‑]lkXrgtgdgas ge tlk Akjr`km Kamkrs ge îg`‟, wlidl djok tg aiclt i` Russij tg nustiey j`j`ti-Nkwisl rkspg`sk ergo j suppgskm j`m pkrdkivkm tlrkjt. ]lk jrcuok`t mgkslgwkvkr ejaa eajt dg`dkrì`c tlk substj`tijtig` ge prgnkdtkm paj`s js tlky jrk rkjaiskmi` rkdk`t listgridja kvk`ts j`m ljvk `g bjsis i` kitlkr kjraikr aitkrjturk gr eidtig`. J

dakjr ekjturk, wlidl ojrfkm tlk Xrgtgdgas js spurigus.



22;

jt ajrck witl j` jddurjtk u`mkrstj`mi`c ge tlk `jturk j`m mj`ckrsge sljrij j`m tlk `kdkssity ge fkkpi`c wkstkr` nurisprumk`dk j`mei`j`dija prjdtisk sljrij-erkk. :;;

Jt j oiìouo, tlis wiaa k`tjia rksisti`c tlk eurtlkr jddkptj`dk ge j`yogrk sljrij ajw. ]lk dg`dkrtkm keegrts `gw bki`c ojmk tg jaagw tlis jaik`

prjdtisk tg bkdgok kstjbaislkm js j` jatkr`jtk, pjrjaaka systko tg tlk

kxisti`c stjtk nurisprumk`dk, akcja prjdtisk j`m ei`j`dija mkjai`cs ljs

jarkjmy bkk` kstjbaislkm i` Britji`. ]lis `kkms tg bk durtjiakm witl akcja

okjsurks sg tljt j`y eurtlkr prgcrkssig` is stieakm. Rksistj`dk slguam bk

suppgrtkm by rkekrk`dk tg tlk ajw ge trkjsg`, j rki`stjtkok`t ge sjim driok

egrokray jbgaislkm by ]g`y Bajir, j`m tlk rki`stjtkok`t ge j`y gtlkr

akcjaitiks `kdkssjry tg k`surk sljrij is durtjiakm. Ck`krjaay, i` rkspkdt tg

Britji`, tlk ajw dgvkrkm by tlk K`caisl Biaa ge Riclts (:5<9) slguam k`surk

tljt>

‑… `g egrkic` pri`dk, pkrsg`, prkajtk, stjtk gr pgtk`tjtk ljtl grguclt tg ljvk j`y nurismidtig`, pgwkr, supkrigrity, prk-koi`k`dk grjutlgrity, kddaksijstidja gr spirituja, witli` tlis rkjao.‟

[`mkr Britisl ajw j`ytli`c akss slguam k`tjia licl trkjsg` j`m is stiaa tg

bk dg`simkrkm js tlk driok ge misagyjaty tg tlk Drgw`. ]lk spkdieid geek`dk

dg`stituti`c licl trkjsg` bki`c j ejiaurk tg jssist j`m mkek`m jaa

Nurismidtig`s, Xrk-koi`k`dks, j`m Jutlgritiks, crj`tkm tg Lkr Ojnksty

j`m j``kxkm tg tlk Drgw` by Jdts ge Xjraijok`t, ‑…gr gtlkrwisk, jcji`st

jaa Egrkic` Xri`dks, Xkrsg`s, Xrkajtks, Ttjtks, gr Xgtk`tjtks.‟

:;; Js Erj`f Cjee`ky ’s Dk`tkr egr Tkdurity Xgaidy wkbsitk jsskrts i` rkspkdt tg tlk [T>‑tlk jvkrjck ditizk` ge tlis dgu`try wguam jssuok it tg bk tlk djsk tljt gày ajwsmkrivkm ergo gr dg`sistk`t witl gur Dg`stitutig` wguam bk jppaikm i` [.T.dgurts jt bgtl tlk ekmkrja j`m stjtk akvka, tlk kvimk`dk Vlgwkvkr is_ tljt egrkicàjws — i`daumi`c, but `gt aioitkm tg, sljrij — jrk k`drgjdli`c.‟

Egr tlk ièauk`dk ge sljrij ajw g` tlk [T Dgurt systko skk lkrk.

http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/2015/01/05/shariah-in-american-courts-the-expanding-incursion-of-islamic-law-in-the-u-s-legal-system/






225

Dg`simkrkm tg bk tlk ogst skrigus ge geek`dks, licl trkjsg` wjs getk` okt

witl kxtrjgrmi`jry puìslok`t, bkdjusk it mirkdtay tlrkjtk`km tlk

skdurity ge tlk stjtk. Ti`dk tlk Driok j`m Misgrmkr Jdt :99<, tlk

ojxiouo sk`tk`dk egr licl trkjsg` i` tlk [F is aiek ioprisgòk`t.

I` rkspkdt tg tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks, tlis is jarkjmy i` keekdt egr tlgsk wlg ljvk

tjfk` j` gjtl tg ‑suppgrt j`m mkek`m‟ tlk Dg`stitutig`, bkdjusk tlk

rkquirkok`t is subsuokm i` tljt gjtl. It jasg rkprksk`ts j mirkdt brkjdl

ge tlk dgmks j`m pri`dipaks ge Lgokaj`m Tkdurity.

• Cgvkròk`t jck`diks j`m grcjìsjtig`s slguam dkjsk gutrkjdlprgcrjooks tg Ousaio dgoouìtiks, uàkss tlky jrk spkdieidjaayDlristij`, gr grik`tjtkm tgwjrms prgtkdti`c j`m dljopigì`cspkdieidjaay wkstkr` vjauks j`m pri`dipaks ge cgvkròk`t. ]lis wiaastrk`ctlk` `jtig`ja vjauks j`m strk`ctlk` tlk jssioiajtig` prgdkssie tlis is jt jaa pgssibak. ]lk ogìtgri`c ge i`mivimujas vij dgvkrtjck`ts witli` Ousaio dgoouìtiks j`m i` pgsitig`s gerkspg`sibiaity, wlkrk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm erg`ts gpkrjtk, slguam bk i`drkjskm. Tudl erg`ts ojsf tlk oissig` ge tlk Brgtlkrlggm, wlidl is tg mkstrgy wkstkr` `jtig`s ergo witli`.

]gg oj`y cgvkròk`t prgcrjooks i` rkspkdt tg Ousaio gutrkjdl

prgcrjooks skrvk tg akcitiojtk, prgtkdt j`m kxpj`m tlk ièauk`dk ge tlk

tkrrgrist tlrkjt vij tlk ;tl Dgauo` ièiatrjtig` by tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm

(Iflwj`). ]lk jccrkssivk prgskdutig` ge tkrrgrists slguam jawjys bk

pursukm, but `kitlkr oust prkekrk`tija trkjtok`t bk ojmk i` rkspkdt tg

trj`scrkssig`s tljt mg `gt dgopay witl dg`stitutig`ja ajw by virtuk ge tlk

drioi`ja bki`c Ousaio j`m wisli`c tg prjdtisk sljrij ajw. It mgks i` j`y

djsk misdgurjck pjtrigtid Ousaios ergo dgègroi`c tg dg`stitutig`ja

pri`dipaks j`m tlk mkrivkm ajws.

• Jrtidak UI ge tlk [T Dg`stitutig` kxtk`ms j bj` tg bjr okobkrs geljtk crgups sudl js tlk Fu Faux Faj` ergo lgami`c pgsitig`s ge

trust i` ekmkrja, stjtk, gr agdja cgvkròk`ts, gr tlk jrokm egrdks ge



223

tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks. ]lk sjok slguam jppay tg j`y wlg kspgusk grsuppgrt sljrij ajw.

Js j dgu`tkr strjtkcy, kvkry keegrt slguam bk ojmk tg imk`tiey j`m

kopgwkr Ousaios wlg jrk wiaai`c pubaiday tg mk`gu`dk sljrij j`m

k`dgurjck tlko tg pgpuajrisk sudl vikws i` tlk Ousaio dgoouìtiks.

• Xrjdtidks tljt prgogtk sljrij (kc. sljrij-dgopaij`t ei`j`dk j`mtlk prgogtig` i` pubaid spjdks witl pubaid eu`ms ge ejdiaitiks j`mjdtivitiks civi`c prkekrk`tija trkjtok`t tg sljrij’s prjdtitig`krs)oust bk stgppkm. ]lky jrk i`dgopjtibak witl skduajriso j`mDg`stitutig`ja ajw i` bgtl tlk [T j`m Erj`dk). ]lk erkkmgos ge jRkpubaid wlidl jrk k`slri`km i` skduajriso ajws oust bk prkskrvkmj`m jppaikm i` jaa i`stj`dks. I` rkspkdt tg Britji` tlky u`mkroi`ktlk jtig`ja stjtk rkaicig`. Bajsplkoy ajw gw ljvi`c bkk` rkdk`tayjbgaislkm, tlky dj``gt bk prgskdutkm u`mkr tlis. ]lky dj` lgwkvkru`mkr tlk ajws ge skmitig`.

Tkmitig` is prglibitkm by ajw i` wkstkr` `jtig` stjtks ck`krjaay, but

skduajr Rkpubaids aioit tlis tg spkdieid tkrrgrist jdts gr tg tlgsk tljt

oiclt i`ditk tlko getk` witlgut rkekrk`dk tg rkaicigus sk`sibiaitiks.

Iojos j`m ogsquks tljt jmvgdjtk sljrij j`m gr djaa egr tlk ‑mkjtl ge

tlk [F gr ‑mkjtl ge Jokridj‟, ktd. jrk prgogti`c skmitigus jdtivity j`m

slguam tlkrkegrk bk wjr`km tljt tlky wiaa bk subnkdt tg i`vksticjtig`

j`m prgskdutig`. ]lis is dgoog` prjdtisk i` Britji` j`m Kurgpk by

rjmidjas bk tlky Ousaio gr `gt. Gtlkr kxjopaks i` rkspkdt tg Isajo jrk

tlk prgaiekrjtig` ge rjmidja pjoplakts j`m tkxtbggfs uskm i` bgtlskduajr kmudjtig`ja systkos j`m Isajoid sdlggas. ]lksk oust `gt

prgogtk eu`mjok`tjaiso, gr i` rkspkdt tg sljrij its durrk`t

u`rkegrokm ogrk eu`mjok`tja tk`kts, gr tlk `gtig` tljt Jokridj

oust suboit tg its midtjtks. Tdlggas tljt prgogtk j`ti-dg`stitutig`ja

tkjdli`c slguam bk mkìkm tjxpjykr eu`mi`c j`m agsk dljritjbak tjx

stjtus. Tkcrkcjtkm dgoouìtiks tljt skkf tg prjdtisk sljrij ajw, jppay

it jag`csimk, gr i` pajdk ge tlk ajw ge tlk aj`m, gr gtlkrwisk skkf tg



22<

kstjbaisl @g-Cg zg`ks tg eurtlkr sudl prjdtisk oust bk prgskdutkm. I`

tlis dg``kdtig`, tlk purdljsk ge j`y jmmitig`ja dajios tg tkrritgry,

prgpkrty gr aj`m surrgu`mi`c prksk`t ogsquks slguam bk durtjiakm. J`

i`drkjskm Xgaidk prksk`dk wiaa bk `kkmkm i` tlksk jrkjs i` j`y djsk.

Ei`jaay>

• Iooicrjtig` gr ag`c-tkro skttakok`t i`tg dgu`triks by tlgsk wlgjmlkrk tg eu`mjok`tja, u`rkegrokm sljrij oust bk stgppkm. Jck`krja bj` (js wjs prkvigusay mg`k witl jmlkrk`ts tg tlk skmitigusimkgagcy ge dgoouìso) slguam bk ojmk, j`m jaa pgaitidjaay jdtivkjmlkrk`ts ge sljrij i` geeidk, gr lgami`c ièauk`tija cgvkròk`t groiaitjry pgsitig`s (i` rkspkdt tg I`tkaaick`dk pjrtiduajray) oust bkgeeidijaay i`vksticjtkm6 bgtl ie tlky jppkjr tg jdt i` u`dg`stitutig`ja wjys i` dg`trjmidtig` tg tlkir gjtls js ditizk`s j`m wliast i` geeidk.

]lk tlrkjt pgskm by stkjatl niljm js j` i`tkr`ja tlrkjt

Ttrjtkciks egr rkegro tg dgu`tkr tlk i`tkr`ja Isajoist tlrkjt i` tlk Skst

`kkm tg bk erjokm i` tlk dg`tkxt ge pkrsg`ja rkspg`sibiaity. J cggm ditizk`

`kkms tg lkkm tlk djaa tg bk viciaj`t j`m bk oi`meua ge tlk tlrkjt, wliast

`gt bkdgoi`c kxdkssivkay pjrj`gim, prknumidkm, rjdist j`m gvkr

numckok`tja. ]lis is pjrtiduajray truk witl rkspkdt tg tlrkjts tg erkkmgo

j`m `jtig`ja skdurity. ]lk djaa tg viciaj`dk slguam bk vikwkm js j prigrity

egr kvkry ditizk`.

Dgu`tkri`c sudl j tlrkjt i` tlk Skst rkquirks ditizk`s tg jdt g` tlrkk

akvkas>

:. ]lrgucl i`mivimuja iìtijtivks.

2. Sitl gtlkr aifk-oi`mkm i`mivimujas i` j dglkrk`t keegrt.

4. ]lrgucl okjsurks tjfk` dgaakdtivkay js j `jtig`.



248

]lk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm ljs ergo its i`dkptig` bkk` j misdipai`km,

grcjìskm j`m rutlakss daj` rggtkm i` tlk Tjajeist trjmitig`s. ]lky ljvk

sguclt tlrguclgut tlkir listgry tg jmvj`dk twg cgjas>

• ]g prgogtk sljrij jrgu`m tlk wgram.

• ]g drkjtk j cagbja djaipljtk.

]lrgucl tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm’s pursuit ge tlksk twi` cgjas j`m

tlrgucl tlk prgpjcjtig` vij dgvkrt strjtkcy ge wljt oiclt bk tkrokm j

‑drkkpi`c niljm‟ i` tlk Skst, tlky jio tg rjmidjaay trj`segro wkstkr`

diviaisjtig` ergo witli`, usi`c pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss js j akvkrjck tg

k`dgurjck prkvjridjtig` j`m pjssivity.

Xkrsg`ja kmudjtig` is `kdkssjry tg dgu`tkr tlk i`keekdtivk keegrts ge tlk

cgvkròk`ts ck`krjaay wlg tk`m tg mkja gày witl tlk mirkdt tkrrgrist

tlrkjt. Jwjrk`kss i` tlis dj` lkap prgogtk dgoouìty jdtig` ogrk

ck`krjaay j`m j` jwjrk`kss ge j`y pgtk`tija dgvkrt tlrkjt i` gur oimst.

Kmudjtig` is pjrtiduajray rkquirkm ie wk jrk tg dg`tk`m witl Ousaio

brgtlkrs wlg ljvk bkk` ricgrgusay prkpjrkm tg wjck stkjatl niljm jcji`st

`jtig`s. ]lj`feuaay tlrgucl ouatipak okmij rksgurdks, iègrojtig` is

rkjmiay jvjiajbak vij tlk i`tkr`kt, but g`k `kkms tg bk skakdtivk i` tlk

dlgidk j`m oi`meua ge tlk misiègrojtig` j`m prgpjcj`mj tljt dj` swjy

gpiìg` i` rkspkdt tg tlis.

]lk pkgpak prgpjcjti`c stkjatl niljm jrk getk` sfiaakm prgekssig`jas,

pkgpak aifk Djck mirkdtgr Ogjzzjo Bkcc i` tlk [F j`m Jsio Zukrksli,

j`m i` tlk [T ]jriq Rjojmj`, Brgtlkrlggm egu`mkr Ljsj` ja-Bj``j’s

crj`msg`, j`m lis dgu`tkrpjrts jt tlk Iflwj`’s erg`ts aifk DJIR, IT@J,

OXJD, IZ@J, j`m III]. ]lky f`gw prkdiskay lgw iopgrtj`t it is tg fkkp

tlk k`koy witakss j`m wiaa usk kvkry tridf jvjiajbak tg tlko ergo

rlktgridja tridfkry, gutriclt aiks (tjqiyyj) jbgut tlkir jck`mjs, saj`mkri`c



24:

tlgsk ge us wlg gppgsk tlko, gr kvk` kxkrt tlrkjts ge vigak`dk, jt akjst by

gtlkrs, ie gppg`k`ts pkrsist.

I` grmkr tg suddksseuaay djopjic` jcji`st tlk Isajoid rjmidjas, pkgpakljvk tg f`gw `gt gày tlk trutl jbgut sljrij, but lgw tg mkeakdt keegrts

by jdtivists. Tgok tips jbgut lgw tg cg jbgut mkvkagpi`c jwjrk`kss dj`

bk egu`m jt tlk egaagwi`c wkbsitks>

• ]lk Dk`tkr egr Tkdurity Xgaidy,

• www.niljmwjtdl.grc

• ]lk Mjvim Lgrgwitz Erkkmgo Dk`trk

Kmudjtig` tlrgucl skae-stumy j`m crgup trjiì`c witl gtlkrs syopjtlktid

j`m jwjrk ge tlk tlrkjt is cggm prkpjrjtig`. Kxpkdt sgok ge tlgsk ygu

jpprgjdl wlg jrk uìègrokm tg misoiss ygur wjrì`cs js pjrj`gim gr

oisiègrokm rjobai`cs. ]lky ojy djaa ygu j ‑wi`c ùt‟, ‑kxtrkoist‟,

‑rjdist‟, ‑Isajogplgbk‟, ‑Dg`spirjdy tlkgrist‟ gr kvk` j ‑@jzi‟ jog`cst

gtlkr pkngrjtivks j`m i`suats. J sojaa ùobkr, lgwkvkr, wiaa ekka

dgopkaakm tg mg sgoktli`c jbgut it, j`m tlk ùobkrs wiaa crgw i` j`y

djsk js tlk tlrkjt ge diviaisjtig`ja niljm bkdgoks ogrk gbvigus j`m

prkvjak`t. It wiaa bk tkopti`c egr sgok tg yikam tg tlk dgoegrti`c

misiègrojtig` j`m tjqiyyj ge tlk k`koy, gr tlk oygpij ge tlk

cgvkròk`t, wlg jrk gddupikm witl ùokrgus gtlkr tjsfs j`m wlg ojy

`gt kvk` vikw it js j prigrity tlrkjt. ]lky ojy dg`skquk`tay i`sist wk gày

ljvk tg bk wgrrikm jbgut Ja-Zjkmj, gr pkrljps gtlkr vigak`t kxtrkoists

slguam tlkrk bk jdtuja oiaitjry gr tkrrgrist jttjdfs. ]lis jpprgjdl siopay

pkrpktujtks j`m nustieiks sajucltkr by mgw`pajyi`c tlk i`tkr`ja tlrkjt. It

jasg u`mkrkstiojtks tlk ;tl dgauo` jdtivists i` tlkir oimst i` cgvkròk`t

tljt jasg skkf tg ejdiaitjtk Isajoid suprkojdiso. ]lk duaturja stkjatl

strjtkcy is, lgwkvkr, j` iooi`k`t j`m crgwi`c tlrkjt, nust js duaturja

http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/

http://www.jihadwatch.org/

http://www.horowitzfreedomcenter.org/

http://www.horowitzfreedomcenter.org/

http://www.jihadwatch.org/

http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/



242

Ojrxiso tgmjy is. ]lis ljs j oiaitjry dgopg`k`t js wkaa ge dgursk. Nust

js duaturja Ojrxiso wjs tlk duaturja jro ge tlk oiaitjry j`m kspig`jck

tlrkjt ge Tgvikt Russij j`m Dli`ksk j`m Tgutl Jokridj` Dgoouìsts i`

tlk :958s, tlk tlrkjt ge Isajo prgvimks ouatipak strjtkciks wjckm g`

ouatipak erg`ts tgmjy.

]lk ùobkrs bkdgoi`c jwjrk ge tlk tlrkjt jrk i`drkjsi`c, but oj`y

ogrk siopay ekjr bki`c brj`mkm j` Isajogplgbk, gr rjdist, j`m ei`m it

kjsikr tg skk j`y tljt oiclt spkjf ge tlk mj`ckr i` tlksk tkros. ]lky getk`

usk tlis js j prktkxt egr `gt jmmrkssi`c tlk i`drkjsi`cay kvimk`t issuks, gr

bkdjusk tlky siopay dj`’t lj`mak it, gr kvk` bk bgtlkrkm. ]lis is wly tlk

Skst is agsi`c tlk struccak.

It is iopgrtj`t tg `ktwgrf j`m tg ei`m gtlkrs wlg jrk ogrk gpk` j`m i`

tur` wiaai`c tg sljrk iègrojtig` jbgut tlis rjmidja tlrkjt. Tpkdieid

tlrkjts tljt ljvk bkk` kvimk`t ge ajtk ljvk bkk` tlk kxtrkoist ièauk`dk

i` sdlggas j`m uìvkrsitiks, djrrikm gut i` oj`y i`stj`dks js j ]rgnj`Lgrsk strjtkcy. ]kjdlkrs tlkoskavks ljvk ljm tlkir aivks tlrkjtk`km egr

`gt dgègroi`c tg Isajoid pri`dipaks j`m imkgagcy. J` i`drkjsk i` tlk

ùobkr ge u`geeidija sljrij dgurts, tlk i`drkjsi`c ièiatrjtig` ge dgu`dias

j`m cgvkròk`t tg prgpjcjtk j`m strk`ctlk` tlk strjtkcy j`m jck`mj,

ktd. Cj`c rjpks j`m vigak`t skxuja jdtivity tljt mkogrjaisks j`m ericltk`s.

]lksk, jag`c witl dajssid bgobi`c j`m tkrrgrist jdts, jrk jaa g`cgi`c j`m

i`drkjsi`cay pkrvjsivk dg`dkr`s.

J`gtlkr fky crgup tljt `kkm tg bk iègrokm jbgut stkjatl niljm jrk tlgsk

wlg rkprksk`t ygu. ]lis oust bk jt kvkry akvka ge cgvkròk`t. Ygu ljvk

tlk riclt tg jsf tlgsk wlg rkprksk`t ygu j`m tlgsk dljrckm witl

prgtkdti`c pubaid sjekty tg akjr` wljt ygu ljvk misdgvkrkm jbgut tlk

stkjatl niljm i` dgoouìtiks, wly ygu’rk dg`dkr`km j`m tljt ygu wiaa lgam



244

tlko jddgu`tjbak ie tlky mg `gt jdt. ]lis is pjrtiduajray sg i` rkspkdt tg

grcjìskm skx cj`cs gr strkkt driok by Ousaios jt tlk agdja akvka. Rkoi`m

tlko ge tlkir rkspg`sibiaitiks js divia skrvj`ts j`m dgu`diaagrs j`m

cgvkròk`t rkprksk`tjtivks tljt tlky ljvk j rkspg`sibiaity tg skrvk tlk

pkgpak. ]lky `kkm tg f`gw ie tlkrk jrk prksk`t j`m kokrci`c tlrkjts tg it.

Jt prksk`t, dgu`dias j`m pgaidk egrdks jrk iopgtk`t j`m bki`c ljostru`c,

bgtl by pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss, slkkr i`dgopktk`dk, kxdkssivk burkjudrjdy,

j pgaidy ge u`mkreu`mi`c gr j mkaibkrjtk aioitjtig` ge uobkrs, gr bkdjusk

tlky ljvk tlkoskavks bkk` ièiatrjtkm witl jck`ts ge ièauk`dk wgrfi`c tg

eurtlkr tlk gppgsitig`s’ jck`mj.

Tgok bjsid tips i` iopakok`ti`c tlk rkspg`sk

Rkjdli`c gut tg agdja pubaid skrvj`ts is tlk eirst stkp egr oj`y grmi`jry

ditizk`s. Mksdribk tg tlko ygur dg`dkr`s jbgut wljt tlis egro ge

skmitigus jdtivity wiaa okj` egr ygur dgoouìty, but mg`’t stgp witl ygur

tgw`, dity gr dgu`ty dgu`dia. Ojfk surk ygur cgvkròk`t rkprksk`tjtivks

j`m gtlkr pgaitidja pjrtiks j`m tli`f tj`fs jrk jasg i`vitkm tg lkjr wljt

ygu ljvk akjr`km. Mg`’t mkdai`k j` i`vitjtig` tg tjaf tg tlkir stjee. ]ljt’s

getk` tlk ogst keekdtivk wjy tg bri`c geeidijas up tg spkkm. It’s usujaay j`

i`mispk`sjbak eirst stkp tg k`cjci`c tlkir bgssks. Bk surk tg mg tlis muri`c

tlk kakdtig` pkrigm. Ygu ljvk ogrk dlj`dk ge ojfi`c tlko tli`f j`m

rkspg`m tg ygur dg`dkr`s.

Ojfk j pgi`t ge dg`tjdti`c geeidijas sudl js tlk pgaidk, wlgsk

rkspg`sibiaitiks egr pubaid sjekty civk tlko j `kkm tg f`gw wljt ygu ljvk

akjr`km. Js witl j`y gutrkjdl keegrt, kxpkdt sgok pusl bjdf kspkdijaay

ergo tlgsk wlg ljvk pjrt`krkm witl Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm erg`t

grcjìsjtig`s, gr jrk egaagwi`c cuimkai`ks ergo ‑Xrgcrkssivk‟ gr ‑Tgdija‟



24=

cgvkròk`t jck`diks tljt ljvk sguclt tg ljopkr i`vksticjtig` gr

mgw`pajy j`y ièauk`dk. Tudl grcjìsjtig`s lgam sioiajr tgtjaitjrij`

gbnkdtivks imkgagcidjaay spkjfi`c, j`m j Rkm Crkk` jaaij`dk durrk`tay

kxists, kvk` tlgucl tlkir vjauks jrk outujaay gppgskm i` tkros ge luoj`

riclts j`m numidija prjdtisk.

Egdus g` tlk gppgrtuìtiks tljt sgdija `ktwgrfi`c okmij jeegrm tg

dgoouìdjtk wljt ygu ljvk akjr`km j`m tg iègro gtlkrs. [sk gtlkr

trjmitig`ja okmij js wkaa, kvk` tlgucl prgekssig`ja ngur`jaists tgmjy jrk

ajrckay ljopkrkm by pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss j`m wiaa try tg dk`sgr ygu. I`

tlk ei`ja j`jaysis, tlkrk’s gày sg oudl tljt i`mivimujas dj` mg, but

pkrskvkrk. It’s iopgrtj`t tljt wk jaa try tg mg sgoktli`c, but tlk` ngi`

egrdks witl gtlkrs i` j ajrckr suppgrt `ktwgrf. J` i`mivimuja’s iopjdt i`

dgu`tkri`c sljrij j`m stkjatl niljm wiaa bk i`drkjskm g`dk tlky ngi` j

ajrckr ogrk keekdtivk tkjo.

Ygu dj` jdlikvk strk`ctl i` ùobkrs by bkdgoi`c pjrt ge g`k gr ogrktli`f tj`fs sudl js tlk Lk`ry Njdfsg` Tgdikty j`m tlk Jokridj` Isajoid

Egruo egr Mkogdrjdy i` tlk [T, ]lk Dk`tkr egr Tkdurity Xgaidy, gr tlk

JLJ Egu`mjtig` gr JD]. ]lkrk jrk oj`y crgups wgrfi`c tg dgu`tkr

sljrij. Ge tlksk, skvkrja jrk `jtig`ja grcjìsjtig`s, but kvk` tlk bicckr

crgups getk` ljvk agdja jdtivists.

Dgu`tkr strjtkciks

Sljt jrk sgok ge tlk dgu`tkr-sljrij iìtijtivks tljt sudl grcjìsjtig`s

ogu`t7 Rkdgcìsi`c tlko is uskeua. Eirst, tlk prgpjcjtig` ge stkjatl niljm

bjsidjaay rksts g` j vidtiolggm `jrrjtivk. Niljmists jrk mktkroi`km tg

iopgsk wljt jogu`ts tg tlkir bajsplkoy ajws upg` us, by prglibiti`c



24;

gur erkkmgo ge spkkdl ie it geek`ms tlko. Dg`simkr egr kxjopak tlk rkdk`t

mkjtl tlrkjt jcji`st Xjokaj Ckaakr j`m tlk ]kxjs slggti`cs bkdjusk ge j

djrtgg` dgopktitig`, gr tlk Dljraik Lkbmg slggti`cs js kxjopaks. ]lkir

strjtkcy is g`k tljt tk`ms tg wj`t tg iopjir tlk bjsid riclts ge ditizk`s tg

wkjfk` tlko j`m strk`ctlk` tlkir gw` jmvj`tjck.

]lk eu`mjok`tjaists wj`t tg usk gur gw` aibkrja prgcrkssivk vjauks

jcji`st us tg spkdieidjaay u`mkroi`k gur dg`stitutig`ja vjauks> erkkmgo ge

rkaicig` j`m tlk dgkrdivk pgwkr ge pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss tg siak`dk j`y

dritidiso ge wljt j skmitigus crjb egr pgwkr is keekdtivkay. ]lk dg`dkr` tg

prkskrvk erkkmgo ge spkkdl vkrsus tlk tlrkjt ge stkjatl niljm oust tlk`

bk i`egrokm by j ekw bjsid pri`dipaks j`m j` jwjrk`kss ge j ekw fky

pgi`ts.

Eirst, tlk rkjsg` tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm j`m tlk gtlkr

eu`mjok`tjaists skkf tg midtjtk wljt wk dj` sjy j`m dj`’t sjy is tljt

tlky u`mkrstj`m gur dgopaij`dk tg tlkir bajsplkoy ajws is j ojngrstkp tgwjrms Kurgpk j`m Jokridj’s suboissig` gr mliooitumk.

Tkdg`m, Ousaios wlg djok tg tlk Skst tg ksdjpk sljrij jtrgditiks

mg `gt dlggsk tg jmlkrk tg its i`tgakrj`t suprkojdist mgdtri`k, j`m

dj` prjdtidk tlkir bkaikes i` j tgakrj`t, pkjdkjbak j`m ajw-jbimi`c

wjy. ]lky ljvk tlk riclt tg mg sg j`m slguam bk jeegrmkm tlk sjok

riclts j`m trkjtok`t js Dlristij`s, Nkws j`m pkgpak ge gtlkr ejitls.

]lky slguam `gt bk jeegrmkm spkdija trkjtok`t `kvkrtlkakss.

]lirm, Ousaios wlg dajio tg tlk riclt tg ojfk dljritjbak mg`jtig`s

i` tlk egro ge zjfjt tljt vigajtks `jtig`ja ajws (bkdjusk it

dg`stitutks j ojtkrija suppgrt egr tkrrgriso, ktd.) slguam bk

prgskdutkm iookmijtkay. ]lky jrk i` ejdt k`cjci`c i` stkjatl niljm

j`m oust bk rksistkm, `gt jddgoogmjtkm.



243

• Tkdg`m, tljt kquja trkjtok`t oust kxtk`m tg tlk

dljrjdtkrisjtig` ge ejitl i` tkxtbggfs j`m gtlkr ojtkrijas

uskm i` tkjdli`c j`m tksti`c stumk`ts.

• Ei`jaay, tljt tlk tkjdli`c ge Isajo oust bk jmmrksskm

lgaistidjaay tg i`daumk j dritiquk ge tlk `jturk j`m rgak ge

sljrij i` tlk prjdtidk ge tlkir ejitl j`m tlk ogrja j`m pgaitidja

issuks tljt jrisk bkdjusk ge tlis.

Dlristij`, Nkwisl j`m gtlkr ejitl dgoouìtiks ljvk j spkdija

rkspg`sibiaity tg lkap dgu`tkr diviaisjtig`ja niljm. Jetkr jaa, Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm strjtkciks i`vgavk `gt nust dggrmi`jtig` ge tlkir gw` vikws

but jttkopt tg kàist akjmkrs ge gtlkr ejitls tg tlkir djusk js ‑uskeua

imigts‟. ]lky mg tlis tg prgvimk pgaitidja dgvkr j`m it lkaps u`mkroi`k

rivja rkaicigus dgoouìtiks ergo witli`. ]lis is kspkdijaay truk ge tlgsk

dakrids j`m dg`crkcjtig`s ge gtlkr ejitls wlg ljvk bkk` i`mudkm tg

kobrjdk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm grcjìsjtig`s, ogsquks j`m jck`mjs.

]lk Dlrisajo iìtijtivk is j cggm kxjopak, wlkrk oj`y dlurdlks ljvk

bkk` tkopgrjriay tur`km i`tg ogsquks, mkspitk imkgagcidja mieekrk`dks,

j`m tlkir ejitl ljvi`c bkk` u`mkroi`km bkdjusk ge it i` agdja

dgoouìtiks. J`gtlkr is tlk Ojljbbj iìtijtivk i` Britji` tljt

k`dgurjcks j`m wkadgoks ojss iooicrjtig` j`m i`tkr-ejitl iìtijtivks

wkicltkm tg Isajo’s jmvj`tjck j`m prgpjcjtig`. Sliast ogrk kxtrkokjdtivists jrk prgvimi`c jssistj`dk, jag`c witl suddgur j`m jim, wliast jasg

lkapi`c iaakcjas brkjf tlk ajw, survivk tlk ngur`ky tg tlk dg`ti`k`t,

prgvimi`c ojps, ogmks ge trj`spgrt, iègrojtig` g` souccakrs gr kvk`

souccak tlkoskavks. ]lky jasg k`dgurjck vigak`dk js j rkspg`sk,

brji`wjsli`c Ousaios tg agjtlk tlk Kurgpkj` vjauks jag`c j`jrdlist

ai`ks, wliast kvk` civi`c tips g` lgw iaakcjas dj` i`vjmk dgu`triks j`m

prgpjcjtk driok j`m j`jrdly keekdtivkay.



249

@uokrgus grcjìsjtig`s skkfi`c tg dgu`tkr tlk eurtlkr pk`ktrjtig` ge

sljrij i`tg tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks nurisprumk`dk ljvk u`mkrstggm tlk

iopgrtj`dk ge dgurt jdtig`. :;< But Jrtidak UI ge tlk [T Dg`stitutig` oust

prkvjia wlkrk tlkrk oiclt bk j`y dgèaidt witl gtlkr egrkic` ajws

i`daumi`c sljrij. ]ljt oust bk tlk djsk wlkrk eu`mjok`tja riclts jrk

i`vgavkm i`daumi`c tlgsk ge wgok` j`m dliamrk` wlg mg `gt k`ngy tlk

sjok aibkrtiks u`mkr sljrij tljt tlky mg. Tgok crgups ljvk ngi`km egrdks

jdrgss tlk dgu`try tg suppgrt tlk akcisajtivk iìtijtivk f`gw` js Jokridj`

Ajws egr Jokridj` Dgurts iìtijtivk. ]lrkk stjtks ljvk jarkjmy jmgptkm

vkrsig`s ge tlis ogmka j`m its dg`stitutig`jaity ljs ykt tg bk dljaak`ckm i`dgurt. It skrvks js j` iopgrtj`t buawjrf jcji`st sljrij jog`c gtlkr j`ti-

dg`stitutig`ja egrkic` ajws. It is bki`c strkùgusay eguclt by tlk Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm j`m its Tgdijaist jaaiks i` sudl grcjìsjtig`s js ]lk Tgutlkr`

Xgvkrty Ajw Dk`trk.

]lkrk jrk oj`y kxjopaks ge geeidijas i` vjrigus jck`diks j`m akcisajturks

jdrgss tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks j`m i` Kurgpk wlg jrk ejiai`c tg dgu`tkr j`m, i`

sgok djsks, jrk kvk` jdtivkay jimi`c j`m jbktti`c tlk stkjatl niljm bki`c

prgpjcjtkm by tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm j`m its jaaiks. ]lky oust bk lkam

jddgu`tjbak pjrtiduajray i` tlk Xrkss egr sudl bkljvigur j`m misdgurjckm

ergo k`cjci`c i` it i` tlk euturk. Tgok jrk f`gwi`c jddgopaidks. Gtlkrs

jdt gut ge j oiscuimkm sk`sk ge Aibkrja jddgoogmjtig`. ]lk egrojtig` ge

dgu`tkr-sljrij crgups j`m grcjìsjtig`s dj` lkap.

:;< ]lkrk ljs bkk` ejr akss jwjrk`kss i` tlk [ìtkm Fi`cmgo, wlkrk tlk sprkjm gesljrij ei`j`dk js j` kxjopak is oudl ogrk wimksprkjm j`m jmvj`dkm, i` spitk ge tlkkqujaity riclts issuks it rjisks. Egr kxjopak, g` 29tl Gdtgbkr 28:4, jt tlk i`tl SgramIsajoid Kdg`goid Egruo, Mjvim Djokrg` j``gu`dkm tlk cgvkròk`t’s paj` egr tlk[ìtkm Fi`cmgo tg bkdgok tlk eirst `g`-Ousaio stjtk tg issuk j` Isajoid bg`m. ]lk

bg`m, f`gw` js j sufuf, wiaa bk issukm g` tlk Ag`mg` Ttgdf Kxdlj`ck j`m it iskstiojtkm tljt it wiaa bk wgrtl jrgu`m £288 oiaaig`.



2=8

]lk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm’s kxpaj`jtgry okogrj`muo j`m pljskm paj`

egr its kxkdutig` pajdks j prigrity g` pk`ktrjti`c Jokridj’s j`m Kurgpk’s

divia sgdikty j`m cgvkròk`t i`stitutig`s tg euaeia its gbnkdtivks. @g akss

prigrity oust bk pajdkm g` dgu`tkri`c sudl subvkrsivk strjtkciks j`m

gbnkdtivks. It is iopkrjtivk tljt kakdtkm geeidijas j`m gtlkr akjmkrs bk

dljaak`ckm jbgut wljt ojy bk jt bkst tlkir ic`grj`dk jbgut sljrij, tlk

Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm, j`m tlk stkjatly js wkaa js vigak`t egros ge niljm i`

wlidl tlk Iflwj` j`m its erg`t grcjìsjtig`s k`cjck.

It is mieeiduat tg mktkroi`k wlktlkr sudl k`jbakrs j`m mkek`mkrs jrk

okrkay uskeua imigts gr mkdkiteua j`m mkaibkrjtk dgcitjtgrs. Kxjopaks ge

tlksk k`jbakrs jrk eicurks aifk Crgvkr @grquist i` tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks j`m

Bjrg`kss Sjrsi i` tlk [ìtkm Fi`cmgo.:;9

I` slgrt, wk oust ckt tg tlk bgttgo ge tlk diviaisjtig` niljm i` Kurgpk j`m

Jokridj by euaay kxpgsi`c its skmitigus cgjas j`m tlk kxtk`t tg wlidl tlky

jrk bki`c jdlikvkm. I` rkspkdt tg tlk [T, tlk cgvkròk`t ljs vjrigusokdljìsos i`daumi`c dg`crkssig`ja i`vksticjtivk djpjbiaitiks j`m

numidija prgdkssks tg iaauoi`jtk tlk k`koy witli` j`m wlkrk `kdkssjry tg

iìtijtk dgrrkdtivk jdtig`. ]lis dgu`try ’s ditizk`s j`m dgu`tkr-niljm

grcjìsjtig`s dj` pajy j dritidja rgak i` i`spiri`c j`m k`suri`c qujaity

dg`trga i` tlk pkregroj`dk ge sudl okdljìsos, kspkdijaay ie keekdtivk usk

is ojmk ge `kw j`m trjmitig`ja okmij.

]ypidjaay, dgu`diaagrs, cgvkròk`t geeidijas, geeidk lgamkr ktd., ck`krjaay

tjfk gjtls ge geeidk. ]lksk jogu`t tg sgako`, u`qujaieikm j`m gpk`-

k`mkm pakmcks tg dgègro tg j`m skrvk j`m prgtkdt j dgu`try j`m its

ditizk`s. I` spkdieid rkekrk`dk tg tlk dg`stitutig` ge tlk [ìtks Ttjtks it

i`vgavks j` gbaicjtig` ojmk kxpaidit i` j` gjtl swgr` jt tlk ekmkrja akvka,

:;9 Egr mktjias ge sljrij ei`j`dk i` tlk [F skk lkrk.

http://www.uklsa.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/UKLSR-Volume-2-Issue-2-Article-51.pdf






2=:

`jokay, j prgoisk tg sjekcujrm tljt egu`mjtig`ja mgduok`t jcji`st jaa

k`koiks, egrkic` j`m mgokstid. Dgopjrjbak gjtls kxist i` gtlkr dgu`triks

jdrgss Kurgpk.

Dg`simkri`c tlk wimksprkjm j`m vgau`tjry jddkptj`dk ge sudl j` gjtl by

gur geeidijas, tlkrk’s j strg`c bjsis egr mkoj`mi`c tljt tlky euaeia it witl

rkspkdt tg tlk k`koy witli`. Xut siopay, ie gur geeidijas wiaa siopay mg

wljt tlky ljvk prgoiskm tg mg, tlk ngb ge dgu`tkri`c tlk tlrkjt wiaa bk

ojmk dg`simkrjbay kjsikr. Tpkdieidjaay, tg tlk kxtk`t tljt gur kakdtkm j`m

jppgi`tkm geeidijas aivk up tg tlkir prgoisks, by wikami`c tlk pgwkr ge

tlkir pgwkrs keekdtivkay, tlky dj` ojfk j vkry jpprkdijbak dg`tributig` tg

j suddksseua gutdgok ge wljt oiclt bkst bk mksdribkm js j bjttak egr tlk

erkk wgram. ]lky jrk gbaickm tg mg tlkir ngbs prgpkray j`m mg sg u`mkr

gjtl.

]lk eirst stkp is egr gur akjmkrs tg f`gw tlk k`koy wk ejdk i` wljt

jogu`ts `gt nust tg j wjr ge tkrrgr jbrgjm, but j mgokstid duaturja wjr.Xgaitidja akjmkrs oust ojfk eiro mkdisig`s j`m k`jdt okjsurks usi`c tlk

pgwkrs ge tlkir rkspkdtivk geeidk tg dgu`tkr prksk`t j`m euturk tlrkjts.

]lky oust usk tlgsk pgwkrs mkdisivkay. [`mkr tlk dirduostj`dks, gtli`c

akss wiaa mg tg euaeia tlkir pubaid prgoisk.

]lk pjst Gbjoj jmoiìstrjtig` wjs u`wiaai`c tg rkdgcìsk geeidijaay j

tlrkjt ergo tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm i`tkr`jaay j`m is i` tlis ejiaurk

jdtivkay ejdiaitjti`c tlkir djusk. Slktlkr tlis bk tlrgucl i`dgopktk`dk,

gr by mksic` is gpk` tg mkbjtk. Xriok Oiìstkr Djokrg` dg`simkrkm it i`

tlk [F, but egr vjrigus rkjsg`s mkdimkm `gt tg iopakok`t j`y egroja

rkdgcìtig`, pkrljps muk tg prkssurks kxkrtkm by Tjumi Jrjbij, js wkaa js

dgjaitig` rkstridtig`s.



2=2

It wguam gbvigusay crkjtay ejdiaitjtk pubaid u`mkrstj`mi`c ie tlk Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm grcjìsjtig` wkrk geeidijaay mksic`jtkm j tlrkjt j`m j

tkrrgrist grcjìsjtig` g` tlk crgu`ms tljt its Xjakstiìj` erj`dlisk,

Ljojs, ljs jarkjmy bkk` mksic`jtkm js sudl. ]lkrk is j prkdkmk`t. ]lk

sg-djaakm pkgpak’s Ounjlimi` ge Irj` gr OKF, aifk tlk Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm’s Xjakstiìj` brj`dl Ljojs, ljvk tlis mksic`jtkm stjtus.

]ljt sjok mksic`jtig` wjs tlk` jppaikm tg tlk OKF ’s uobrkaaj crgup,

tlk @jtig`ja Dgu`dia ge Rksistj`dk ge Irj` by jssgdijtig` ogrk tlj`

i`tkaaick`dk. ]lk mksic`jtig` ge Ljojs js j tkrrgrist crgup slguam

tlkrkegrk agcidjaay jppay tg its pjrk`t j`m ejdiaitjtgr, tlk OusaioBrgtlkrlggm.

]lis dg``kdtig` ckts jrgu`m tlk jrcuok`t tljt tlk [T Cgvkròk`t

durrk`tay mkei`ks js ‑tkrrgrists‟ gày crgups tljt jrk durrk`tay k`cjckm i`

vigak`dk, `gt okrkay suppgrtivk ge it wlk` prjdtidjbak. But tlk Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm slguam qujaiey, si`dk kvk` tlgucl it prgogtks itskae js j

`g`-vigak`t grcjìsjtig`, it is stiaa duativjti`c rkajtig`s witl Ljojs. It

jasg ljs dg`tjdt witl syopjtlktid skcok`ts ge tlk [T cgvkròk`t tli`f

tj`fs j`m tlk prkss tljt pgsk j tlrkjt tg `jtig`ja skdurity i` j`y djsk.

]lk Brgtlkrlggm itskae slguam bk imk`tieikm js j lgstiak grcjìsjtig`. ]lis

is jpprgprijtk si`dk tlk `jturk j`m oissig` ge tlk Brgtlkrlggm is

i`misputjbay lgstiak tg Kurgpk j`m Jokridj. Kitlkr wjy, ei`j`dk slguam

`gt bk ojmk jvjiajbak tg tlk Brgtlkrlggm. It is, egr kxjopak, gutrjckgus

tljt Tkdrktjry ge Ttjtk Liaajry Dai`tg` g` Ojrdl 22, 28:2 wjivkm

rkstridtig`s iopgskm by Dg`crkss g` oiaitjry jssistj`dk tg tlk Ousaio

Brgtlkrlggm-mgoi`jtkm cgvkròk`t ge Kcypt. Sgrst ykt, i` j mkpjrturk

ergo `groja prjdtidk, tlk Gbjoj jmoiìstrjtig` ojmk j euaa $:.; biaaig`

jvjiajbak jt g`dk witlgut dg`mitig`s.



2=4

J`gtlkr dakjr bk`keit i` mksic`jti`c tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm j egroja

tlrkjt wguam bk tljt Ousaio dgoouìty akjmkrs jssgdijtkm witl tlk

Brgtlkrlggm wguam bk mkkokm i`kaicibak egr dgaajbgrjtig` prgcrjooks

witl cgvkròk`t gr ajw kègrdkok`t. Kvk` i` tlk jbsk`dk ge sudl j

mksic`jtig`, jt tlk akjst i`mivimujas witl wkaa-mgduok`tkm tiks tg tlk

Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm slguam bk jssksskm by I`tkaaick`dk js j risf. Tudl

i`mivimujas i` tlk [T egr kxjopak, @iljm Jwjm, Ouzjooia Timmiqi, Fiejl

Oustjplj, Ogljookm Kaibijry, Ogljokm Ojnim, j`m Tjajo Ja-

Ojrjyjti slguam bk rkjssksskm prgpkray j`m dkrtjiày `gt uskm by [T

cgvkròk`t, gr gtlkr geeidija k`titiks, js aijisg`s tg tlk Ousaiodgoouìty.

]lk `kkm tg f`gw tlk k`koy mkoj`ms ge dgursk tljt tlk trjiì`c

prgvimkm tg tlgsk rkspg`sibak egr mkek`mi`c us bk ejdt j`m rkjaity-bjskm,

`gt cgvkr`km by pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss gr ogrk tg tlk pgi`t, by pd

suboissig` tg sljrij j`m its jmlkrk`ts. Sk dj` `g ag`ckr i`muack i` tlk

bai`m`kss ge Ckgrck S. Busl gr tlk strjtkciks ge Crgvkr @grquist j`m lis

Isajoist dglgrts, `gr tgakrjtk j rkpktitig` ge tlk Gbjoj jmoiìstrjtig`

by Xrksimk`t ]ruop tg jdquiksdk tg Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm mkoj`ms by

trkjti`c tlko js ie tlky wkrk gur erik`ms bkdjusk j`ytli`c akss is ‑`gt wlg

wk jrk‟.

I` slgrt, j rkdgcìtig` ge tlksk erik`ms js k`koiks `kkms tg bk ojmk. ]lis

i`vgavks rkdgcìsi`c tlkir ogtivjtig`s, rjtlkr tlj` prgnkdti`c gur wislks

ge wljt wk wj`t tlko tg bk g` tg tlko. Geeidija akxidg`s, tlrkjt

jsskssok`ts j`m strjtkciks uskm by ajw kègrdkok`t, tlk oiaitjry j`m

gtlkr `jtig`ja skdurity grcjìsjtig`s `kkm tg vikw stkjatl niljm, rjtlkr

aifk Dgoouìso wjs rkdgcìskm js j tlrkjt muri`c tlk Dgam Sjr.

OdDjrtly styak i`vksticjtig`s `kkm `gt bk gut ge tlk qukstig`, js aivks jrk

i` mj`ckr.



2==

Zuitk sk`sibay, wkstkr` cgvkròk`ts oust skk eit tg mk`y cgvkròk`t

ngbs j`m oiaitjry skrvidk tg tlgsk wlg skkf tlk mkstrudtig` ge j `jtig`.

G`dk tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm ljs bkk` mksic`jtkm j tlrkjt, oudl js tlk

Dgoouìst pjrty wjs muri`c tlk Dgam Sjr, tlis wguam `kdkssitjtk

i`mivimujas j`m crgups jssgdijtkm witl it bki`c bjrrkm ergo geeidija

dg`tjdts i` sk`sitivk cgvkròk`t pgsitig`s j`m gr ergo skrvi`c i` tlk

oiaitjry gr i` ùdakjr ejdiaitiks.

@gtjbay, grcjìsjtig`s aifk DJCK i` tlk [F, DJIR, IT@J, OXJD i` tlk

[T j`m gtlkrs bkjr j strg`c rkskobaj`dk tg tlk ouatitumk ge Dgoouìst

Xjrty erg`t crgups kopagykm by tlk Tgvikts muri`c tlk Dgam Sjr, j`m

tlkir mivisig` ge ajbgur skkfs tg u`mkroi`k ergo witli`. ]lk bgttgo ai`k

is tljt wk oust `gt dg`tiùk tlk prjdtidk ge jmoitti`c sudl k`koiks, gr

civi`c tlko j pajtegro, wlk` tlk ktlgs ge sljrij j`m niljm gbaicks tlko

tg skkf gur suboissig` j`m mkstrudtig`.

Ogsquks tgg `kkm tg bk dg`stj`tay ogìtgrkm pkrljps witl skduritydjokrjs j`m oidrgplg`ks. I`tkr`ja survkiaaj`dk by gpkrjtivks `kkms tg

bk dgvkrt but dg`stj`t. Tljrij-jmlkrk`t ogsquks jrk ouati-purpgsk

buiami`cs egr iojos j`m bkaikvkrs. [ègrtu`jtkay, ergo Ogljoojm’s

tiok g`wjrms, ogsquks ljvk skrvkm js ogrk tlj` siopay lgusks ge

wgrslip. ]lk ogsquk skrvks js tlk pjraijok`t lgusk, tlk uìvkrsity, tlk

jroy lkjmqujrtkrs, j`m tlk prisg` lgusk jaa jt tlk sjok tiok.

]urfisl Xriok Oiìstkr Rkdkp ]jyyip Krmgcj` erkquk`tay ojfks usk ge

iojckry okamkm i`tg wljt wjs grici`jaay j skduajr `jtig`jaist pjkj` tg

tlk oiaitjry. ]wg stumiks, g`k j 2888 j`jaysis by twg skìgr j`jaysts i`

tlk @kw Ygrf Xgaidk Mkpjrtok`t’s I`tkaaick`dk Mivisig`, Oitdlkaa Tiabkr

j`m Jrvi` Bljtt, j`m tlk` gtlkr j 28:: i`vksticjtig` by Ogrmkdlji Fkmjr

j`m Mjvim Ykrusljaoi ljvk mgduok`tkm tlk ejdt tljt sljrij jmlkrk`t



2=;

ogsquks jrk i` ejdt bki`c uskm tg prgogtk j`m i` sgok djsks trji` egr

niljm i` jaa its egros.

Ogsquks oust `gt bk uskm js trjiì`c lgusks egr skmitig`. ]g tlk kxtk`ttljt Iojos j`m tlkir ejdiaitiks jrk bki`c uskm tg jmvgdjtk sljrij, tlky jrk

prgogti`c skmitigus jdtivity wlidl is jcji`st tlk ajw. ]lk ajw ge tlk aj`m

oust bk kègrdkm. Ie `kdkssjry, it oust bk jok`mkm tg k`surk tljt it is

`gt pgssibak egr i`stitutig`s tg ckt jwjy witl k`cjci`c i` skmitigus jdtivity

siopay by prksk`ti`c tlkoskavks js rkaicigus i` dljrjdtkr j`m k`titakm tg

erkk spkkdl.

@g-Cg k`dajvks, wlkrk jaik` pgpuajtig`s kssk`tijaay kxdaumk jaa gtlkrs

j`m kstjbaisl lgstiak k`virgòk`ts, oust bk rksistkm. ]lksk jrk sagway

bki`c kstjbaislkm by viciaj`tk crgups i` ajtk ìclt pjtrgas. I` Britji`,

dgu`tkr-crgups ljvk egrokm tg try tg mkja witl tlis (sudl js Britji` Eirst)

djusi`c dgèrg`tjtig`. Xgaidk `kkm tg bk ogrk prgjdtivk j`m jrokm. ]lky

slguam bk suppgrtivk ge tlgsk skkfi`c tg uplgam tlk `jtig`ja ajw, rjtlkrtlj` bki`c ièauk`dkm by pgaitidja dgrrkdt`kss egr ekjr ge djusi`c rjdija

geek`sk. Ttrkkt vigak`dk ergo j`y pjrty slguam `gt bk tgakrjtkm.

Kurgpk is `gw rimmakm witl wljt jogu`ts tg @g-Cg k`dajvks. Js j

prjdtidja ojttkr, tlk ajws ge tlk aj`m slguam bk kègrdkm ogrk ricgrgusay

tg rkstgrk sgvkrkic`ty.

I` rkspkdt tg tlk [T sudl zg`ks j`m tlk i`kvitjbak kstjbaislok`t witli`

tlko ge sljrij wguam vigajtk Jrtidak UI, wlidl mkei`ks tlk [T Dg`stitutig`

js ‑tlk suprkok ajw ge tlk aj`m‟ i` Jokridj. Jarkjmy, dgoouìtiks aifk

Mkjrbgr`, Oidlicj` j`m gtlkrs i` egr kxjopak Oji`k, Oi``ksgtj j`m

]k``ksskk wlkrk Tgojai j`m gtlkr Ousaio rkeuckk pgpuajtig`s ljvk

bkk` skttakm, jrk ojìeksti`c sic`s ge skpjrjtiso j`m jccrkssig` tgwjrms

tlkir `g`-Ousaio `kiclbgurs. Tioiajr prgbakos ljvk bkk` k`mkoid i`



2=5

Kurgpkj` dgu`triks egr mkdjmks but ljvk bkk` pjrtiduajray prgbakojtid

js ùobkrs ljvk i`drkjskm i` tlk ajst mkdjmk. Xrkdursgrs ge tlksk

mj`ckrgus k`dajvks i` tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks jrk dgopgu`ms jssgdijtkm witl

tlk crgups styai`c itskae Ousaios ge Jokridj gr Njojjt Ja-Euqrj.

]lk okobkrslip rkpgrtkmay is prkmgoi`j`tay ojmk up ge ekag`s wlg

dg`vkrtkm tg Isajo i` prisg`, pkrljps by dljpaji`’s drkmitkm by Ja-Zjkmj

j`m Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm gpkrjtivks sudl js Jbmurjloj` Jajogumi. Js

mgduok`tkm i` tlk eiao ‑Lgokcrgw` Niljm> ]krrgrist ]rjiì`c Djops

Jrgu`m tlk [T‟, tlkir duat-aifk akjmkr is j Xjfistjì niljmist `jokm

Tlkifl Oubjrjf Jai Ciajì, tlk oj` Sjaa Ttrkkt Ngur`ja rkpgrtkr Mjìka

Xkjra wjs k` rgutk tg i`tkrvikw i` 2882 wlk` lk wjs fim`jppkm j`m

bklkjmkm.

I` 2885, tlk Nustidk Mkpjrtok`t issukm j rkpgrt stjti`c tljt Njojjt Ja-

Euqrj>

‑ljs ogrk tlj` 4; suspkdtkm dgoou`ks j`m ogrk tlj` 4,888okobkrs sprkjm jdrgss tlk [ìtkm Ttjtks, jaa i` suppgrt ge g`k cgja,tlk purieidjtig` ge Isajo tlrgucl vigak`dk.‟

]lk oiaitjry `kkms tg bk `gt gày oji`tji`km but i`drkjskm. Durrk`tay i`

tlk [F mkek`dk spk`mi`c is ru`ì`c jt akss tlj` tlk @J]G

rkdgook`mjtig` ge jt akjst 2% ge CMX. ]lis `kkms tg bk rkvkrskm j`m tlk

oiìouo tjrckt okt. Xrksimk`t Gbjoj’s pgaidiks kvisdkrjtkm [T Mkek`dk

djpjbiaitiks tgg. Tudl okjsurks wkrk j mrjojtid mkpjrturk ergo tlk tiok-

tkstkm prjdtidk Rg`jam Rkjcj` djaakm egr, wlidl wjs ‑Xkjdk ]lrgucl

Ttrk`ctl‟. J vjauk Xrksimk`t ]ruop ljs prgoiskm tg suppgrt. Js ljs

ljppk`km rkpkjtkmay, i` pjst dirduostj`dks ge `jtig`ja wkjf`kss,

mkdiojtig` ge tlk Jrokm Egrdks jdtujaay iopkrias pkjdk.



2=3

Ttkps tg wkjfk` `jtig`ja mkek`sk oust bk rkvkrskm, akst tlk Skst is

siopay i`djpjbak ge mkjai`c witl prksk`t j`m kokrci`c tlrkjts tg

skdurity. J wkjf Jrokm Egrdks i`vitks jttjdf. Js ljs bkk` truk

tlrguclgut listgry, ie pkgpak wj`t pkjdk tlky oust jdt js ie tlky jrk

prkpjri`c egr wjr.

Sk `kkm strg`c mkek`dk tg prgtkdt us jcji`st oj`y tlrkjts lkrk j`m

jbrgjm. But i` j wjr aifk tlis, tlksk wiaa `gt bk sueeidik`t by tlkoskavks tg

mkekjt tlk k`koy. Sk oust jmgpt j strjtkcy j`m dgooit gur rksgurdks

g` wljt oiclt bk djaakm j` jaa-i` bjsis tljt ljs prgvk` `kdkssjry j`m

keekdtivk i` tlk pjst.

I` tlis rkspkdt, Rg`jam Rkjcj` mkvkagpkm j` jaa-i` strjtkcy egr mkekjti`c

Dgoouìso. Lk jdlikvkm tlis by egdusi`c g` mkakcitioisi`c tlk [TTR,

kxpagiti`c j`m kxjdkrbjti`c its oj`y wkjf`kssks, j`m `kutrjaisi`c its

ekw, but iopgrtj`t strk`ctls.

Rkjcj` kopagykm vjrigus i`struok`ts ge pgaitidja j`m kdg`goid wjrejrk,

oiaitjry okjsurks j`m i`tkaaick`dk tkdlìquks tg bri`c tlis jbgut. Lis

kxpkrik`dk sguclt tg jppay tlk i`siclts ge j ]kjo B strjtkcy j`m tlk sjok

dj` bk jdlikvkm by egaagwi`c tlk cuimkai`ks j`m rkdgook`mjtig`s ge its

suddkssgr, ]kjo B II js mktjiakm bkagw. :58

]lk gbnkdtivk oust bk j sustji`km prgcrjook jiokm jt misdrkmiti`c,u`mkroiì`c j`m prkvjiai`c tlk eu`mjok`tjaiso ge tlk sljrij. ]lk gbnkdt

witl rkspkdt tg tlis mgdtri`k oust bk tg misdrkmit it, u`mkroi`k it j`m

kvk`tujaay prkvjia gvkr it.

]lkrk jrk j ùobkr ge okjsurks tljt slguam bk pjrt ge j Rkjcj`ksquk jaa-

i` strjtkcy egr mkekjti`c tlk tgtjaitjrij` imkgagcidja tlrkjt. Civk` tlk

:58 ]lk tkjo B II strjtkcy is mkjat witl i` tlk egaagwi`c pjpkr.

http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/upload/wysiwyg/article%20pdfs/Shariah%20-%20The%20Threat%20to%20America%20(Team%20B%20Report)%20Web%20Version%2009302010.pdf






2=<

kssk`tija rgak sljrij pajys i` jìojti`c niljm ge bgtl tlk vigak`t j`m tlk

duaturja fi`m, dgu`tkri`c it i` j brgjm sk`sk oust bk jt tlk lkjrt ge j`y

suddksseua strjtkcy. Tljrij oust bk vikwkm js j trjp bktwkk` pkjdkeua

tgakrj`t Ousaios (wlg jrk `gt tlk prgbako) j`m niljmists wlg jrk.

Tk`sibay, wk `kkm tg rkwjrm tlk egrokr j`m puìsl tlk ajttkr.

Diviaisjtig`ja niljm i`vgavks jaaij`dks bktwkk` mkogdrjtid `jtig`s tg

durtjia Isajoid kxtrkoiso. ]lk k`koy usks tkrrgriso js j tjdtid, but

rkprksk`t jasg j` i`tkr`ja k`koy, wlidl ykt gpkrjtks js j trj`s`jtig`ja

`ktwgrf. Dg`skquk`tay, it is liclay mkdk`trjaiskm but `gt `kdkssjriay

mieeusk gr iopgtk`t.

]lk diviaisjtig`ja niljm i`vgavks j mirkdt jttjdf g` tlk lgst `jtig`’s

duaturk> iopakok`ti`c jdts jcji`st diviaij`s tg u`mkroi`k tlko, tlk usk

ge liclay sgplistidjtkm psydlgagcidja wjrejrk, kspkdijaay tlrgucl okmij

ojìpuajtig`, j`m akcja jdtig` vij tlk dgurts. Jaa jvjiajbak prkssurks jrk

uskm i` tlk pgaitidja, kdg`goid, sgdija j`m oiaitjry eikams. It gddurs i` agwi`tk`sity dgèaidt, i`vgavi`c jdtivists j`m jdtgrs ergo jaa `ktwgrfs ergo

mkogs tg dggrmi`jtkm sdjos, tg siopay sojaa pkrsg`ja jttjdfs. It ljs j

wimksprkjm `ktwgrf ge dgoouìdjtig` j`m drioi`ja j`m bajdf ojrfkt

ei`j`dija suppgrt.

]lk bakjfkst ogok`ts i` luoj` listgry ljvk i`kvitjbay egrdkm oj`fi`m

tg mkdimk wlktlkr tg jddkpt tyrj``y gr erkkmgo. ]gmjy, tlk Skst is ejdi`c

j tlrkjt tljt is prgbjbay nust js crkjt ergo tlk Ousaio Brgtlkrlggm j`m

jaa its erg`t crgups. ]lky pgsk j luck tlrkjt tg tlk Skst’s pgaitidja j`m

duaturja wjy ge aiek j`m tg tlk dg`tiùjtig` ge erkkmgo. @gw is tlk tiok

tg jdt. Lgam pgaitidij`s j`m akjmkrs jt jaa akvkas ge cgvkròk`t

jddgu`tjbak jbgut tlk mj`ckrs j`m jdt tg prkskrvk erkkmgo jcji`st

sljrij-bjskm pri`dipaks by bkdgoi`c jdtivists tg tlk djusk.

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