islamic fundamentalist terrorism
TRANSCRIPT
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Islamic Fundamentalist
TerrorismIf there is a single power the West underestimates, it is the
power of collective hatred. Ralph Peters, 1999.
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For More info see
Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the Waron Terror, Michael Scheuer
Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden,Radical Islam, and the Future of America, RevisedEdition, Michael Scheuer
The Trouble With Islam Today, Irshad Manji The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the
National Commission on the Terrorist AttacksUpon the United States
The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of
the Middle East, Robert Fisk The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to
9/11, Lawrence Wright
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3D%2522the%2Blooming%2Btower%2522%26ei%3DUTF-8%26js%3D1%26ni%3D18%26fr%3Dslv8-hptb4%26b%3D1&w=115&h=160&imgurl=booksca.info%2Fimg%2F502f313430303130333035332e30312e5f53434d5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5f.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fbooksca.info%2Fislamic&size=7.5kB&name=502f313430303130333035332e30312e5f53434d5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5f.jpg&p=%22the+looming+tower%22&type=jpeg&no=4&tt=124&oid=ff55db34aa3119c0&ei=UTF-8http://www.potomacbooksinc.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=167954 -
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Terrorism
The unlawful use orthreatened use of force orviolence to intimidate orcoerce societies or
governments, often forideological or politicalreasons.
The unlawful use of force orviolence against persons orproperty to intimidate or coercea government, the civilianpopulation, or any segmentthereof, in furtherance ofpolitical or social objectives(FBI)
Potentially politically loadedterm
One persons terrorist isanothers freedom fighter
Terrorism most clearly definedby two characteristics
Combatants do notrepresent a state
Combatants deliberately
target civilians Terrorism & terrorists violate
intl rules of war
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Popular Beliefs and Misconceptions
about Terrorism There is a widespread, but probably incorrectly
belief that: Terrorists are psychotic or mentally ill
Terrorists suffer personality disorders
Terrorist violence is the result of personal frustration,or economic deprivation
Terrorist violence is a reaction to personal grievances,
including personal humiliation, anger, or shame Terrorists are victims of physical or psychological
coercion from mastermind recruiters("brainwashing")
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Terrorism as Strategy Terrorism as weapon in a strategy
Terrorist attacks = form of strategic communication
Terrorism is not new
Terrorism is not merely religious: 1980 Bologna, Munichattacks; LTTE (Sri Lanka)
You have to be lucky everydayWe only have to be lucky
once - IRA Bomber
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The Tactics of Terrorism
Six tactics of terrorism: Bombing (most common)
Hijacking Arson
Assault
Kidnapping
Hostage Taking
Weapons of mass destruction?
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Effects of Terror
Economy
Each and every individual
Irrational in nature
Decreases any feeling of security
Drains resources Places whole country on alert:
?overreaction
?False sense of security or irrelevant
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Some Strategic Objectives of
Terrorism
Recognition: Gaining national or international recognition for their cause;recruiting new personnel; raising funds; demonstrating their strength
Coercion: Force a desired behavior of an individual or government
Intimidation: Prevent individuals, groups, or governments from acting
Provocation: Provoking overreaction by a government to the attack onsymbolic targets or personnel, thereby gaining sympathy for their cause.
Insurgency support: Forcing the government to overextend itself in dealingwith the threat, thereby allowing the insurgency to gain support and commit
further attacks against the government.
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Terrorism Is Theatre
As stated by Brian Jenkins - terrorism
expert - terrorist acts are often deliberatelyspectacular, designed to rattle and influence
a wide audience, beyond the victims of the
violence itself.
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Over the years, several studies have pointed tothe close relationship between terrorism and
television
The purpose of television news
News programming provides information,
but it is also designed to keep audiences
watching
One of the purposes is to keep the audienceprimed with emotion and excitement
Terrorism is perfect for this scenario
because it is so dramatic
Television and Terrorism: A Cozy
Relationship
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Basic elements of television drama
Viewers are encouraged to stay tuned
The station provides an expert interpreter
The reports give the illusion that somehow
the audience and be in control of the
situation
Television and Terrorism: A Cozy
Relationship
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American media and Arab media
America broadcasted its versions of truth
both domestically and abroad, and
American news has always been self-
absorbed
In the 1990s a new Arab television
network, al Jazeera, began broadcastingnews from an Arab perspective
The Media as a Force Multiplier
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The Media as a Force Multiplier
Terrorists use the media to reach audiences in a new
way
At first, terrorists reached audiences with drama
As time went on, terrorists realized that hostagedramas were made for television
If terrorists could successfully manipulate the
situation, they could portray both hostages and
themselves as victims while police and militaryforces appeared to be aggressors
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The Media as a Force Multiplier
The Internet as a force multiplier
The Internet is one of the most important force
multipliers easily available to terrorists
The Internet is a powerful tool for opposition
forces in authoritarian regimes
Terrorists run their own websites, sometimes
hack into exiting sites to broadcast propaganda
videos, and also imbed pixels in legitimate
websites to transmit secret communications
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Security Forces vs. Reporters
Security forces conflicting with the media
Terrorists want to use the media as a
psychological weapon, while governments seekto harness the power of the media for social
control
Law enforcement and military goals conflict
directly with the needs of the media
Officially, police and security forces recognize
the medias right to report information, but they
develop elaborate plans to control reporting
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Security Forces vs. Reporters
Points of views about terrorism and the
media
Some members and supporters of thepress see the media as a quasi-
constitutional force keeping the
government in check
Some want to limit press coverage
during terrorist events
The media may exploit terrorism, but
they rarely convey messages favorable
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Security Forces vs. Reporters
Terrorist theater
The media is filled with action and it is
entertaining However, research suggests that the
coverage of terrorism is not helpful to
terrorist groups
Reporting terrorist events increases the
publics knowledge about terrorism, but
builds little sympathy for terrorists
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Does Reporting Make Terrorism
Contagious?
The Internet and the contagion effect
Contagion is magnified when rumors are
spread through e-mails, and websites Copycat effect
The greatest proponents of contagiontheory argue that media reporting,
especially television, leads to a copycateffect
The reason is that media reportsencourage people to transform dark
thoughts into reality
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Censorship Debates
Three choices when it comes to freedom of
the press and terrorism
To assume a laissez-faire, or hands-off,attitude
Censorship
Self-regulation
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Terrorism is a Political Act
Creates extreme fear and anxiety in a target
group larger than immediate victims
Extra-normal violence in a symbolic act
Specific victims have no particular significance
to terrorist
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Terrorism is Not Irrational
Terrorist use logic that links
Goals
Objectives
Strategy
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States Sponsoring Terrorism
Today Iran
Iraq
Syria
Sudan
Libya
N. Korea
Cuba
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IRANshaped Hizballahs ideology, gave it political backing andhelped build its operational capabilities. Iran currently continues to
support Hizballah terrorism, by providing it with training andweapons, financial aid and assistance for carrying out terror attacks.
SYRIA supports and trains Hizballah and allows it to build itsinfrastructure under Syrian auspices. Hizballah is used as a political
tool against Israel by the Syrian president.
LEBANON provides a territorial base where Hizballah canfreely operate and advance its terrorist infrastructure.
State Sponsored Terrorism
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State Sponsored Terrorism
Hi b ll h A l f W
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Type of Weapons Quantity(estimate)
Range Target
Mortars
82 mm
120 mm160 mm
Dozens of mortars, thousands of
mortar bombs
3000 m
5700 m8000 m
Israeli towns and
cities
RocketLaunchersFAJR 3
FAJR 5
107 mm
122 mm
Several dozen
Unknown launchers; thousands of
rockets
43 km
75 km
8.3 km
Long-range rocket: 20.4 km
Short-range rocket: 11 km
Into the Heart of
Israel
Recoilless guns Dozens 1300 m (est.)military
Artillery Guns122 mm
130 mm
155 mm
Dozens of guns;
Thousands of shells
11.8 km24 km
2.75 km
18km
Israeli civilians and
towns
Antitank MissilesSAGGER
MillanFagot
Tow
Several hundred missiles of all
types
1000-3000 m
300-2000 m300-2000 m
A. 600-3750 m
B. 1000-3000 m
Tanks
AntiaircraftSA-7
14.5 mm
23 mm
57mm
A few of each kind 1.5-1.9 km
600-2500 m
1400-3000 m
4000-5000 m
Aircraft
Hizballahs Arsenal of Weapons
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Terrorism is a Political Act
A weapon of psychological purposes
Premeditated, politically motivated violence
perpetrated against noncombatant targets bysubnation or clandestine agents usually
intended to influence an audience
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The first incident of antifederal behavior came
shortly after the American Revolutionary War
1791- The Whiskey Rebellion
The Civil War
Southerners were fighting to keep the
power of local government
KKK-Purpose: to intimidate supporters of
Reconstruction
Abortion Clinics
Terrorism in the USA
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Ecoterrorism in the US
Earth Liberation Front (ELF)
ELF migrated from Europe to the United
States The alliance has been responsible for
more than six hundred criminal acts
since 1996
Its tactics include sabotage, tree spiking,
property damage, intimidation, and
arson
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Ecoterrorism, Animal Rights, and
Genetic Engineering Ecoterrorism today
Most violence associated with ecoterrorism has
taken place in the American West
From 1995-1999, damages total $28.8 million
ELF activities have increased each year since
1999
Ecoterrorists are uncompromising, illogicalextremists just like their right-wing
counterparts; They use ecology as a surrogate
religion
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Murrah Federal
BuildingOklahoma City25 June 1994
168 Dead 490 Injured
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Terrorist tactics have been
admired in the past American Revolution
Was the Boston Tea Party an act of terrorism?????
What about the French Resistance that fought againstGermany in WWII?
Russian and Spanish Guerrilla warfare vs. Napoleon????
Terrorist or Freedom Fighter????
Are we Terrorists?
Bombing of other countries when they do something we dontlike?
Iraq
Libya
Panama
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Why Terrorism???
Terrorism and guerrilla warfare
Ability to compete with superpowers
Legitimate form of warfare? Applicability of Laws of war (legitimate nations at a
disadvantage?)
Terrorists have advantage of surprise and initiative
What methods may be used to combat terrorist/guerrillaattacks? Advantages and disadvantages of each (loss of
innocent life, collateral damage, etc.)
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Why Terrorism? Because It Works
The anthrax case:
3 teaspoons worth of anthrax
$27,500,000 to clean up Senate Office Building $300,000,000 to clean up postal facilities
Two pounds of anthrax would saturate all of
Manhattan. 9/11- 19 Hijackers killed thousands and caused
Trillions of dollars in economic damage.
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Terrorist Profiles: Three
Views Hacker one of first criminal profilers
Hackers three types of terrorists:
Criminals
Join terrorist groups for payoff or vengeance
Crazies
Join terrorist groups for thrills of lifestyle Crusaders
People who believe deeply in a cause
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Creating Terrorist
Organizations Pyramid Organization:
Support is most common job in terrorist groups
Fraser and Fultons hierarchy of terrorist group: Smallest group at the top is responsible for
command
Second level is active cadrepeople who carry outorganizations mission
Third level is most important: active supporters
Fourth level is passive supporters; largest group
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Terrorism Support Base
Actual
terrorists
Active supporters
Passive supporters
Sympathizers
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Suicide Terror Attacks are . . .
inexpensive and effective; extremely favorable per-casualty cost benefits for
the terrorists
less complicated and compromisingno escape plan needed, and successmeans no assailant to capture and interrogate
perhaps the ultimate smart bomb this weapon can cleverly disguiseitself, use various modes of deception, and effect last minute changes intiming, access, and target
a strategic communication devicesuccessful attacks are virtually assuredmedia coverage
effective because the weaker opponentacts as coercerand the stronger actor
is the target Key difference from other attacks: The target of suicide campaign cannot
easily adjust to minimize future damage
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Suicide Terrorism: Where?
Three types of attacks are most likely to occur: High value, symbolic targets involving mass casualties
Important government buildings, installations, or landmarks
Major means of personal or commercial transportation
High value, symbolic targets against specific persons
Political assassinations (e.g., head of state, regional governor, etc.)
Deliberately lethal attacks targeting the public
Bus, train, subway bombings; attacks on shopping malls, cinemas, sportsstadiums, public gathering spaces
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Suicide Terrorism
The use of suicide terrorism as a tactic has changed thenature of terrorism and the war in Iraq.
In most cases, the use of suicide terrorism has tendedto improve the success of terrorists and frustrated their
more capable, better-resourced enemies (i.e., US, EU) This analysis is based on Robert Papes article in the
Aug. 2003American Political Science Review (vol. 97,no. 3, 343-361)
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Suicide Terrorism
Suicide terrorism was seldom used but notunknown before 1980
The 1983 attack on the US Marine barracks in
Lebanon was a spectacular early use of thistactic
Since that time its use has risen sharply
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Suicide Attacks
Against Israel
Suicide Attacks Thwarted by
Israeli Forces
2000 4 4
2001 35 56
2002 60 171
2003 26 209
2002 15 3672005 5 96
2006 2 187
Source: Jewish Virtual Library.org
Suicide Terrorism
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Types of Suicide Terrorism
Suicide attack on foot, explosive belt -- numerous Iraq
Attempted suicide attack with a plane as target -- Richard Reid on American
Airlines Flight 63
Suicide car bomb -- numerous Iraq
Suicide attack by a boat with explosives -- USS Cole bombing
Suicide attack by a submarine with explosives (human-steered torpedo) --
Kaiten, used by Japan in WWII
Suicide attack by a plane with explosives -- kamikaze
Suicide attack by a hijacked plane with fuel -- 9/11
Suicide attack by diverting a bus to an abyss -- Tel Aviv Jerusalem busMassacre
Suicide attack with guns -- Kashmiri insurgents on the Indian Parliament in
December 2001 killing 15 people.
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Profile of Suicide Terrorists
The original descriptions of characteristics of suicideterrorists pointed to depressed, isolated, uneducated,embittered loners carrying out attacks, motivated by asense of powerlessness
The rising numbers of suicide attacks has made thisprofile obsolete
Suicide terrorists may be young, middle class, well-educated, female
Religion seems to be a significant motivation in manycases, but not all (e.g., Tamil Tigers, Sri Lanka)
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5 Principles of Suicide Terrorism
1. Suicide terrorism is strategic-- Groups announce their goals and cease attacks whenthose goals are met
2. Designed to coerce modern democracies, usually
over territorial claims-- Every suicide terrorist attack since 1980 has beendirected against a democratic form of government
3. Suicide terrorism has been rising for the past 25
years because it is often partially successful-- Palestinian management/control: West Bank, Gaza
-- Regional autonomy negotiations for Tamil Tigers in SriLanka
-- Limited toleration for Kurdish minority in Turkey
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4. More ambitious, large-scale attacks are unlikely toprove increasingly successful
-- Large democratic states have little political incentive toconcede when the stakes are very high -- public support
5. The most promising tactic for reducing suicideterrorism is by reducing the terrorists confidence infurther success
-- Border control, increased internal security
-- Military action alone is unlikely to create this effect
5 Principles of Suicide Terrorism
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Terrorists have a choice of tactics to use dependingon the desire effect
Demonstrative Terrorism Used mainly to gain publicity, recruit activists
May announce their action in advance (bomb threat)
Destructive Terrorism More aggressive, seeks to coerce enemies
Balance between effect of act and the potential to alienatepotential sympathizers
Suicide Terrorism Most aggressive
May alienate the terrorists own community
Types of Terrorism
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Two factors related to the news media are crucial Projection of an image of being unstoppable
Projection of an image of being very numerous
Suicide terrorism is an aspect of asymmetricalwarfare, where the terrorist organization is weakerthan their enemy
Their actions are a punishment for not acceding toprevious demands
Fear is intensified by the credible threat of additionalfuture attacks
Types of Terrorism
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Selected Suicide Terror Campaigns
TerroristGroup
Terrorists Goals Target Behavior
Apr-Dec
1983
Hezbollah US/France out of
Lebanon
Complete Withdrawal
Nov 1983-Apr 1985 Hezbollah Israel out of Lebanon Complete withdrawal
Apr 1984-
Dec 2006
Hamas,
various
Israel out of Palestine Complete withdrawal from
Gaza, partial withdrawal
from West Bank
1996-2003 Al Qaeda US out of ArabianPeninsula
Complete withdrawal
2000- Chechen
Rebels
Russia out of Chechnya TBD
2003- Al Qaeda,
various
US out of Iraq TBD
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Analysis of Religious
Terrorism Religious fanaticism and technology Terrorists behave differently from regular
criminals, religious terrorists behave
differently from political terrorists
Religious terrorists are not constrained by
the same factors that inhibit other types of
terrorists
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Holy Terror vs. Secular Terror
Secular terrorists operate within a dominant
political and cultural framework
Secular terrorists would rather make allies than
indiscriminately kill their enemies
Holy terrorists see the world as a battlefield
between the forces of light and darkness
Holy terrorists see killing as a sacramental act.
Examples can be found in:
The Koran
Christian Old Testament
Hebrew Bible
Analysis of Religious Terrorism
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True believers
Religious terrorists dismiss the religious
views of others When a person becomes a true believer and
a religious doctrine sanctions the use of
violence, deified terrorism results, that is,
the act of terrorism itself is made sacred andholy
Analysis of Religious Terrorism
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Analysis of Religious Terrorism
Other dangerous trends in holy terror
Religious terrorists are not utilitarian;
that is, they are not a person seeking thegreatest amount of good for the greatest
number of people. Religious terrorist
seek the greatest good for themselves
Religious terrorists demonize theirenemies; that is, they equate their
enemies with the ultimate source of evil
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The Social Characteristics of Terrorists:
Juergensmeyers Terror in Gods Mind
Holy warriors The call to violence is a call to purify the
world from the nonbeliever and the
incorrect interpreters of tradition in a
holy war
Those who do not stand with the holy
warrior are evil
If the holy warrior falls, the warriorbecomes a martyr for hope; if the holy
warrior is successful, it is a victory for
the deity
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After the Sept 11 attacks
The clash of civilizations theory suddenly
gained new prominence in the west
Originally put forward by Bernard Lewis, anAmerican historian of the Middle East in 1990.
Expanded and given prominence by Samuel
Huntington of Harvard University in an article in
Foreign Affairs, later expanded into a book.
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Bernard Lewis: Islam an ancient rival againstour Judeo-Christian heritage.
Traces the rivalry back to the time of the Islamicinvasion of Spain, the western Crusades, theOttoman invasion of eastern and central Europe,and the European defeat of the Ottomans afterWW1.
The Muslim has suffered succesive stages ofdefeat.It was too much to endure, and theoutbreak of rage against these alien, infidel andincomprehensible forces that subverted his
dominance.was inevitable.
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Bernard Lewis ideas have influenced importantmembers of the Bush administration, includingvice president Cheney
Their assumptions:
- Islamic societies are fundamentally antidemocratic and repressive.
- Islamists are resentful and hate the freedom andliberty they see in the US, and want to destroy it.
- If Islam and the west are to live together, Islamiccountries need to be democratized and
modernised: this is the project in Iraq.
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Huntingtons thesis
The fundamental source of conflict..will not beprimarily ideological or economic. The greatdivisions among humankind will be cultural.
The fault lines between civilizations will be thebattle lines of the future.
He divides the world into seven or eight majorcivilizations: Western, Confucian, Japanese,Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin American.
Huntington saw the main source of conflict in theworld as being between western and Islamiccivilization
Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations
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Huntington s Clash of Civilizations
and Espositos Response
Huntingtons Thesis
International peace will be threatened in torn
countries. These are regions where more than
one civilization exists within an area
John Esposito
Disagrees with Huntington on Two Levels:
Culture or civilization is defined by more
than religion
There is no Islamic civilization
Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations
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Huntington s Clash of Civilizations
and Espositos Response
Daniel Pipes
When looking at Islam, the major clash is not
between civilizations, but rather within Islamic
civilization
Thomas Barnett
Believes Huntingtons clash comes between
economic rather than cultural civilizations
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Islamic extremists too believe in
a clash of civilization The West and Islam will constantly be
enemiesIslam must win and westerners
will be destroyed. But we dont have tomake then enemies if they allow Islam tocontinue to grow so that in the end they willprobably agree to be under Islam. If they
refuse to be under Islam there will be chaos.If they want to have peace, they have toaccept to be governed by Islam. Abu-BakrBashir, head of Jemaah Islamiyah in
Indonesia.
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Huntingtons and Lewis ideas have been
vigorously criticised
Confuses the thinking of a small Islamic
fundamentalist fringe, with the majority of
Muslims Does not distinguish between Arab Muslims
and non Arab Muslims
Are civilizations that distinct and are theybased on religion?
Know Your Enemy
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Know Your EnemyIf you know yourself but do not know your enemy,
you will sometimes meet with victory, sometimes with defeat.
If you know your enemy but do not know yourself,you will sometimes meet with victory, sometimes with defeat.
But if you know yourself and you know your enemy,you will be victorious on a hundred occasions.
Sun-Tsu(The Art of War)
Muslims look forward todeath the way Americanslook forward to life.
Osama bin Laden
(Islamic Terrorist)
Global War on Terrorism--Who is the
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enemy?
The enemy consists of various extremist Islamic groups that espouse the use of
violence to achieve their ideological aimsal Qaida being the mostdangerous. Characteristics are:
No state, no uniform, lives among the population
Believes religion is under attack and calls upon Muslims to defend Islam
Even support by 1% of the Muslim population would equate to over 12
million enemies While we may view his beliefs as dangerously misguided.
He is absolutely committed to his cause
His religious ideology successfully attracts recruits
He has a sufficient population base from which to protract the conflict
Terms
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This briefing refers to ISLAM and ISLAMIC to refer generally to the broadrange of religious, cultural and socio-economic values and assumptions that areshared among the diverse adherents to the Islamic faith.
This briefing refers to ISLAMISTS (Islamic Fundamentalists,Fundamentalists, Extremists) ) and requires that these terms be understood torefer to thoseIslamic extremists who have, by their words and actions, definedthemselves as the enemies of all that is NOT in agreement with their view and arecurrently executing a violent campaign against those who do not share their agendaprimarily the U.S. This term doesNOTrefer to all Muslims nor Muslims of anyparticular denomination or sect of the broader religion of Islam. It refers ONLYto
those Muslim extremists who are engaged in using violent means to expand theinfluence of their particular view of Islam. Some of these religious, and socio-political views are shared among most or even all Muslims. However, those viewswhich have motivated Islamist, Fundamentalist Extremists to violent action aregenerally shared ONLY by those groups.
JIHAD is an Arabic term that is used for any struggle INCLUDING warfare. It
is frequently interpreted in a religious context as Holy War but CAN meanstruggle as in a struggle to overcome a personal limitation or a struggle tounderstand a new point of view.
JIHADI is one who struggles or fights. In the context of a religiously inspiredHoly War, a Jihadi is a Holy Warrior.
Islam Today????
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Islam (modernists, traditionalists and orthodox 80-85%?)
Ancient religion of 1.5 billion people
Diversity of beliefs, practices, and politics
Islamism (salafi Islam, fundamentalism) (15-20%?)
Islam must have political power and a state
Response to European colonialism
Modernism and the turn to Islam
But no unanimity about democracy
Jihadism (salafiyya jihadiyya) (
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Historical Perspective
I Islam spread very quickly by conversion
and by developing empire.
Mohammed was at once a prophet, religiousleader, military leader, and governmenthead.
Crusades were a direct attack on this empire
that included many lands outside of theMiddle East. Focus is on Christianatrocities.
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Historical Perspective
II Place of Christians and Jews in the early
Islamic State and Mohammed's last wishes.
Holy Land is for Muslims only: Arabia,Medina, Mecca
With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire
the Caliphate (Islamic Leader) ended(1924).
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The Al Qaeda Manual I
After the fall of our orthodoxcaliphates on March 3, 1924 and after
expelling the colonialists, our Islamic
nation was afflicted with apostaterulers who took over in the Moslem
nation. These .rulers turned out to bemore infidel and criminal than the
colonialists themselves.
Al Qaeda Manual II
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Al Qaeda Manual IIColonialism and its followers, the
apostate rulers, then started to openlyerect crusader centers, societies, and
organizations like Masonic Lodges, Lions
and Rotary clubs, and foreign schools.They aimed at producing a wasted
generation that pursued everything that is
western and produced rulers, ministers,leaders, physicians, engineers,
businessmen, politicians, journalists, and
information s ecialists. Some general things to consider
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g g Many in the Mid-East see the West as the cause of many of their
problems. We (USA) are now THE representative of the West. Even though the Mid-East is rich in oil, the average person is not rich.
Many dictators and kings have become rich while their people havesuffered. Guess who helped to put many of these people into power???
These monarchs and dictators have used brutality and violence to keeptheir own people in line.
Education is very limited. Even those that are educated are notallowed/encouraged free thought. (Women)
Even educated men have a hard time finding jobs in many Mid-Easterncountries. Lack of economic opportunities leads to anger.
Many religious schools teach students to recite the Koran, but not whatit means. (Arabic)
Many view themselves as Muslim first, a citizen of their country second! Islam is a multinational and multiracial religion. Only a small minorityof Muslims are Arab.
Radicals like bin Laden and others see this as a holy war, a literal battlefor world domination. Many radicals have the attitude convert, or die.
People like bin Laden represent a small, but growing, minority of the 1
billion worldwide Muslims.
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Problems with Islam today
No Church hierarchy. (Pope)
No official Islamic Doctrine
Teachings based on various Imams. Some very radical.
Much illiteracy. Since most Muslims arent Arab, and the word of God is onlyrevealed in Arabic, it makes sense that most Muslims dontknow what the Koran says. Therefore they rely on theinterpretation of the imams.
Every Muslim who passes away without a gun in his handfaces Allah with the sins of abandoning fight I stronglybelieve that there is no difference between who does not fight ,and he who does not fast, pray or pay zakat (tithe). I believe noMuslim is excused from abandoning Jihad. Shaykh Azzam
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Worldview
Jewish Conspiracy Banking
Influence/Pulling the strings US World Position
Leader and therefore responsible regardless ofproof
Support of Israel The Final Proof
(How many Arab countries have accepted the
right of Israel to exist at all?)
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Globalization
Forcing a secular western culture on a
traditional Islamic culture
Extolling: music, morals, sex, values andmaterialism
Importing to them low paying jobs.
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The Appeal to A Dangerous Socio-Political Element
The Poor
The Politically Disenfranchised
The Youth Bulge
The Impact of Islamist Worlds Economics*& Socio-demographics*
The Virtuous Poor
The Corrupted and
Apostate Rich
* TP525-2-60, pp 30, 36
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In the Islamic system of values and from the point of viewof Muslim fundamentalists, religion cannot be separatedfrom any aspect of life.
Religion is omnipresent in every aspect of a Muslimindividual's private and social life from the economy tosocial relations.
What does harm to the society is not religion - it is the wayin which some of the rulers take advantage of religion
DR MEHDI KHAZALI, Iranian cleric
Role of Islam in Society
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Understanding Islam
Islam Christian West
Role of
religionfor the
believer
The defining
doctrine regulatingall aspects of
personal behavior,
family, political
and economic life.
An expression of
private personalbelief.
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Understanding Islam
Islam Christian West
View of
government
The world consists
of one true faith
divided into nations(Lewis,xx). There is
no meaningful
difference between
political andreligious
communities.
Dualism -- The
world is split into
two spheres,political (secular)
and religious. Since
the Enlightenment:
religion should notbe too prominent in
politics.
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Understanding Islam
Islam Christian West
View of
religion
The Quran is a single book
written by one man. There are
no rituals, sacraments or
ordinations that can only be
performed by priests -- no
mediation between man an
God.
The Bible is the work of
numerous men over a
considerable time. There
is a religious caste
(priests) who either
mediate for believers or
perform certain holy rites.
The Church is aninstitution that preserves
the dogma of the faith.
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Understanding Islam
Islam Christian West
View of
society
There is a polity that carries
out the necessary functions of
civic life, but it is also founded
on principles derived from the
Quran. This mirrors the
practice of Muhammad, who
was both a prophet and a
political leader, merging twotraditions, the one authoritarian
and quietest, the other radical
and activist. (Lewis, 11)
Society is a broad
community of people in
voluntary association who
pursue common interests,
preserve common ways of
life and belief. Religion is
only one of many factors
that bind people together;numerous social sub-
structures also support and
nourish civic life.
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Understanding Islam
Islam Christian West
View of
the
individual
The individual is bound by a
strict duty to observe
religious law, participate in
the great evangelistic work of
the faith, and defend the
honor of Muhammad, the
Muslim faith and all those
who profess them.
Individuals may choose to
bind themselves to a
religious faith, or to no
religion at all. Individuals
should respect each
others rights.
most Muslim countries are still profoundly Muslim in
a way and in a sense that most Christian countries are no
longer Christian. (Lewis, 16)
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What is Islamism?
Literalism of Quran to all of society
Islamic world decline due to loss of religious observanceand caliphate
Moral and religious law enforcement Islamic state
Western culture breeds materialism, atheism, selfishness,and decadence
Separate from the west
State of Israel is illegitimate and should be removed All Muslims should enroll in jihad to achieve these goals.
Glorify martyrdom
Islamist Perceptions &
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Islamist Perceptions &
Motivations?
How would YOU feel if this was
Kansas City, MO.?
How would YOU feel if this was
Cincinnati, OH?
Baghdad, April 2003
Baghdad, April 2003
Are Islamist Motivations Different
From Ours?
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Madrassas/Wahhabism
Wahhabi: 1750s reformer to an earlier
purer Islam. Embraced and propagated
by Saudi Arabia today in their educationsystem home and abroad. Saudi Arabia
Academy in Alexandria, VA.
Unity of Religion, Government, Military Examples: Pakistan, Egypt, Sudan
Strong Fundamentalist Movements
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Jihad Means Struggle.
Jihad of the heart/soul is an inner struggle of good against evil in themind.
Jihad by the tongue is a struggle of good against evil waged by writingand speech.
Jihad by the pen and knowledge is a struggle for good against evilthrough scholarly study of Islam.
Jihad by the hand refers to a struggle of good against evil waged byactions or with one's wealth, such as going on the Hajj pilgrimage (seen asthe best jihad for women), taking care of elderly parents, or politicalactivity for furthering the cause ofIslam.
Jihad by the sword refers to qital fi sabilillah (armed fighting in the wayof God, or holy war), the most common usage by Salafi Muslims andoffshoots of the Muslim Brotherhood.
5 Kinds of Jihad, but we mostly only hear about the last!
J i i th Jih d Th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj -
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Joining the Jihad: The
conventional wisdom Do ideas cause people to join the jihad? People join terrorist organizations because they are:
Poor
Broken family background
Ignorant (uneducated) Immature young men
No skills
No family or job responsibility
Weak minds, vulnerable to brainwashing (madrassas, family or directappeal)
Mentally ill
Criminals
Religious fanatics
Evil
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Joining the Jihad: The evidence
Based on 400 subjects:
2/3 from solid upper or middle class background
Vast majority from intact caring family
60% had some college education
Average age was 26 years 3/4 were professional or semi-professional
3/4 were married & most had children
Half were religious children, only 13% were madrassa educated
Only 1% had thought disorder (global base rate). Very littleevidence of personality disorder.
Only European 2nd generation, immigrants & converts were pettycriminal
The vast majority was not religious in early adulthood.
J i i th jih d Wh t ll
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Joining the jihad: What really
counts
Alienated from society 70% expatriates
10% excluded second generation or immigrants
Pre-existing social bonds Friendship: 68% bunch of guys making alienated
young Muslims into fanatics joining together
Kinship: 20%
Worship: 10%
Discipleship: 8%
Bottom up activity: no top down recruitmentprogram
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Becoming an Islamist terrorist
Upwardly & geographically mobile people
Mostly from religious caring & middle class families
International people, conversant in 3 or 4 languages
Skilled in computer technology Separated from traditional bonds & culture
Homesick, lonely, marginalized sought new friends
Drifted to mosques for companionship, not religion
Moved in together, formed cliques (Bunch of Guys)
Th M ti ti f th I di id l Jih di
Inside The Jihadi Mind
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Various and Complex
Nothing to Lose
Religious Duty
Only Guarantee of Paradise
The Motivation of the Individual Jihadi
The Brutal Present The Idyllic Future
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Goals of Islamists andJihadists
Objective 1: Expel America andEstablish an Islamic Authority in Iraq
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Establish an Islamic Authority in Iraq
America departs Iraq prior to sufficient Iraqicapacity to provide security.
Insurgents step up attacks against the
government and make religious claims forregime change.
Extremists overthrow the democraticgovernment of Iraq and replace it with aTaliban-like regime.
United Nations issues a resolution, but doesnot commit to action.
United States does not re-enter the conflict
Attacks against the
West Continue
Extremists now have anEmirate in Iraq that serves
as a base of operations from
which they can revive the
Caliphate.94
Objective 2: Extend the Jihad Wave to NeighboringCountries
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Extremists export their message and terroristacts throughout the middle east.
Violence and extremist ideology underminegovernments of Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia,Kuwait and Egypt.
Moderate governments collapse; Taliban-likeregimes take their place.
Baghdad becomes the capital of the Caliphate.
The revived Caliphate
now turns its attention
to the destruction of
Israel
Would Israeljoin the conflict?
Would the U.S.
re-enter the conflict?
Attacks against the
West Continue
95
Objective 3: Destroy Israel
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j y
Attacks against Israel intensify. United Nations issues resolution to stand down. Caliphate gains support within the Muslim world Caliphate attacks Israel
At what point does
the U.S. return
to Middle East?
Allies?
Attacks against
the West continue
Extremists now poised
to re-establish the
historical Caliphate
Might nuclear
weapons be
employed?
96
Objective 4: Establish thehistorical Caliphate
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historical Caliphate
This would require the defeat of the U. S.; how could that happen?
The Caliphate calls for an uprising within the
remaining Islamic states to join the restoration. Remaining Islamic states collapse from within.
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Iraq has become the
focus of the enemys
effort. If they win
in Iraq, they have a
base from which to
expand their terror
Significant militant Islamist attacks against Americans
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What was our response?
We proved to the Middle East that we are weak.
This, along with the defeat of the USSR in Afghanistan ledto the rise of Al Qaeda.
OBL considers America a paper tiger that would after afew blows run in defeat. (TOEE, 149.)
OBL is quoted as saying that the Marine withdraw fromBeirut signaled the decline of the American governmentand the weakness of the American soldier who is ready to
wage cold wars and unprepared to fight long wars.
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Al Qaeda's World View (1)
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Al Qaeda s World View (1) Islam in mortal danger from the West; jihad a duty
Recent events confirm al Qaeda's interpretation--Americans are the new Mongols:
U.S. troops still in Saudi Arabia
U.S. remains in Afghanistan U.S. establishing bases in the Middle East, Gulf,
Central and South Asia
Pakistan, America's puppet, has abandoned true
path to join the oppressors
Al Qaeda's World View (2)
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Al Qaeda s World View (2) U.S. occupies Iraq, threatens Syria, Iran
Palestine occupied--supported Zionists
Western corruption threatens Muslim souls
Jihad is the antidote
U.S. is thus a threat and an opportunity--hostile to Islam,supports local tyrants, but also provides common enemy and
basis for unity
Action will awaken, demonstrate, instruct, inspire, bring about
spiritual revival, foster unity
A powerful message whose appeal thrives on failure,
humiliation, and anger
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Introduction to Al Qaeda Thought
12-12-2001 statement (Ayman al-Zawahiri)
The need to inflict the maximum casualties against theopponent, for this is the language understood by the West,no matter how much time and effort such operations take.
Tracking down the Americans and Jews is not impossible.Killing them with a single bullet, a stab, or a device madeup of a popular mix of explosives, or hitting them with aniron rod is not impossible. Burning down their property
with Molotov cocktails is not difficult. With the availablemeans, small groups could prove to be a frightening horrorfor the Americans and Jews.
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The ruling to kill the Americans and their
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gallies -- civilians and military -- is an
individual duty for every Muslim who cando it in any country in which it is possibleto do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa
Mosque and the holy mosque [Mecca]from their grip, and in order for theirarmies to move out of all the lands of
Islam, defeated and unable to threatenany Muslim. World Islamic Front Statement 23 Feb 1998
Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
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This is in accordance with the words ofAlmighty Allah, "and fight the pagans alltogether as they fight you all together,"
and "fight them until there is no moretumult or oppression, and there prevail
justice and faith in Allah."
World Islamic Front Statement 23 Feb 1998
Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
Past Terrorist Attacks by Al Qaeda
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yFebruary 26, 1993
New York City, New YorkWorld Trade Center Bombing
Kuwaiti man, Ramzi Yousef, andat least three other menplanted a car bomb in the
garage of the World TradeCenter, hoping that the blastwould topple one tower intothe other as well as spreadcyanide gas across town
killing thousands.
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Ramzi Yousef
After being captured in Pakistan, he was flown intoStewart Airport in Newburgh, New York, and thentransferred to an FBI helicopter for the trip to theMetropolitan Correctional Center next to Federal Plaza in
Lower Manhattan. Two huge guys carried him off theplane, shackled and blindfolded After we got airborneand were flying down the Hudson River, one of the SWATguys asks me, Can we take off his blindfold? It tookYousef a minute to focus his eyes. Ironically, thehelicopter was alongside the World Trade Center. TheSWAT guy gives him a nudge and says, You see, its stillstanding. And Yousef says, It wouldnt be if we hadmore money. (The Looming Tower, pg. 357. Emphasis
Added)
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1993 WTC Bombing
Rationale: Leader of a terroristcell heeding the call of Jihadon the U.S.
Result: 6 people dead, 1000injured, Towers stayedupright and the cyanide gasevaporated in the heat of theexplosion.
Ramzi Yousef wassentencedto life in prison on January 8,1998
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Past Terrorist Attacks
August 7, 1998
Kenya and Tanzania
American Embassy Bombings
Suicide bomb attacks at twodifferent embassieshundreds of miles apart, butwithin minutes of each other.
First recognized acts of AlQaeda, a network of
terrorists led and supportedby Osama bin Laden, aSaudi Arabian millionaire.
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Embassy Bombings
Rationale: Response to acall for Jihad on theU.S.
Result: 12 people dead,224 injured
Osama bin Laden becamea recognized name and
hit the FBIs Top TenMost Wanted Men
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Past Terrorist Attacks
October 12, 2000
Yemen naval port
Bombing of the U.S.S. Cole
Two men, later linked to Al Qaeda,
sailed a small boat full ofexplosives next to the U.S.S.Cole, detonating the bomb.
Leaving a 20 x 40 foot hole in theside of the ship.
Rationale: Goal was to sink the
ship and lower U.S. moraleResult: 17 sailors dead, 39 injured
No one has been held accountable,added to the list of grievancesagainst and crimes of Osama binLaden
1. The Events of 9/11
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On a beautiful clear day in September
1. The Events of 9/11
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On a beautiful, clear day in September . . .
Four planes hijacked; three flown into office buildings in NYC and DC
NYC attacks (2nd plane crash) shown on live television; American attention riveted;other tv shows replaced by 9/11 coverage
All airplanes grounded; schools closed; sports cancelled
WTC towers collapse, shown on live television
Close coverage of whereabouts of Pres. Bush, other national leaders
Lots of commentary and questions; few informed answers; lots of emotion,Congressional Representatives spontaneously singing patriotic songs on the steps ofCapitol Hill
AB95-5.PPT//##
2. The Psychological Impact of 9/11
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Common Themes in the Research on 9/11 Psychological Impact
2. The Psychological Impact
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Living closer to the attack scene, direct personal loss, and children were more likelyto exhibit symptoms of PTSD
Sadness was the most frequent reaction among New Yorkers, followed byanxiety and fear
Almost 20% of Americans across the country reported symptoms of distress
constant news coverage, replays of video footage showing the second plane
hitting the World Trade Center, helped all Americans feel closer to the event
Americans did not withdraw from others
Stress and uncertainty produces social behaviors: people seek out others,perhaps to enhance social support, or to help to affirm ones cultural view of theworld and the threat (Brandon & Silke)
Increased participation in religious services, memorials, vigils
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3. The Economic Impact of 9/11
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Confusion/Disagreement on Total Economic Impact
3. The Economic Impact
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g p
AB95-5.PPT//##
NY City Economic Impact
Total Loss $83 billion(NYC partnership & Chamber ofCommerce: Nov 2001)
Total Cost $54 billion(NY Governor: Oct 2001)
WTC Replacement Cost & Cleanup$25~29 billion
(FEB NY: April 2002) Total Cost $83 billion (quoting
NYCP-COC) but $67 billion coveredby Insurance(US GAO: May 2002)
NY City Jobs Lost 108,500, 115,300, 105,200, 125,000,84,000, 78,200, 129,000.
NY State Jobs Lost
99,000 in 2001, 78,000 in 2002,77,000in 2003(NYS Senate Finance Committee:DRI-WEFA: January 2002)
Resulted at peak loss of78,200(DRI-WEFA: March 2002)
50,000 immediately, 70,000 in 4th
Quarter Much of this loss is likelylinked to WTC attack(FEB NY: April 2002)
Immediate and Short-Term Economic Impacts
3. The Economic Impact
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Immediate and Short Term Economic Impacts
Financial Sector 40% of WTC casualties NYSE, NYME closed
Aviation Sector planes grounded for a week or more 20% drop in passengers
100,000 jobs lost; several airlines went bankrupt
Insurance Sector loss of life and property estimated at $40-$50 billion
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Immediate and Short-Term Economic Impacts
3. The Economic Impact
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Immediate and Short Term Economic Impacts
Other industries were also badly affected, such as hotels, tourism,automobile rentals, travel agents, and civilian aircraft manufactures.
Hotels reported higher vacancy rates and employment in the sector asa whole fell by 58,000 (about 3%) in October and November, 2001
Nearly 18,000 businesses were dislocated, disrupted or destroyed bythe attacks
Also, over 300 firefighters and nearly 100 policeman were killed
while trying to evacuate the World Trade Center before it collapsed
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Longer-Term Economic Impacts
3. The Economic Impact
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Longer Term Economic Impacts
Federal Reserve cut interest rates aggressively
Special financing incentives offered by the automobile companies ledto record motor vehicle sales for October 2001
Securities market was only closed for four days, opening again afterthe telecommunications network in lower Manhattan becameoperational.
Stock market re-opened on September 17th; within 19 trading days,
the S&P 500 index had bounced back to its pre-September 11th level
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Longer-Term Economic Impacts
3. The Economic Impact
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Longer Term Economic Impacts
New York City lost a significant amount of its office space and anumber of businesses ceased to exist.
Close to 200,000 jobs were destroyed or relocated to other cities
34.5 million square feet of office space lost
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Longer-Term Economic Impacts
3. The Economic Impact
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City-wide impact; airports and midtown hotels not just south of Canal Street
Low-income workers bore the brunt (60%)
People of color and immigrants (56%) hard hit
Chinatown, economic ground zero, and other poor communities heavily affected
Insurance costs have risen on average 33% since 2001
Diversion of resources and capacity toward security-related products and services
Short-term direct impacts were not as significant as the financial costs of the long-term response that is still underway
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3. The Economic Impact
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Bottom Line
9/11 events inflicted severe and immediate physical impacts to all businesses,government offices, and other organizations located in and around the WTCcomplex.
This event involved dead, injured, missing, physically displaced and traumatized
employees, losses of data, information, and institutional knowledge, and anunprecedented uncertainty in market behavior
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Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two
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Different Worlds
December 7, 1941
The purpose of the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor was to destroy U.S.
military capabilities in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two
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Different Worlds September 11, 2001
The 9-11 attacks were designed for drama. They
were a tragedy performed on a subnational level,
with the purpose of murdering thousands of people
to create an aura of fear The goal of the September 11 terrorists was not
one of conventional military strategy. Its purpose
was to create so much feat that Western institutions
would change their behavior
The terrorists of September 11 were attacking
globalization while America was defending state
power
Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two
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Different Worlds
The new style of conflict
Jihadists are not attacking state power;
they are attacking the idea of Western,
and particularly American culture
Modern terrorism is aimed at the
infrastructure of everyday life and the
symbols that define that structure
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Madrid
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Madrid
London July 2005
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London July 2005
The 7 July 2005 London bombings were a seriesof coordinated bomb blasts that struck London'spublic transport system during the morning rushhour.
At 8:50 a.m. three bombs exploded within 50seconds of each other on three LondonUnderground trains.
A fourth bomb exploded on a bus nearly an hour
later. 56 people, including the 4 bombers, were killed
About 700 people were injured
August 2006 England
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August 2006 - England
Great Britain arrested more than 20individuals
Plotting to detonate liquid explosivesaboard flights from the United Kingdom tothe United States.
They planned to bring the components of
their explosives on board in their carry-onluggage, disguised as bottled drinks andelectronic devices.
July 2007 England
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July 2007 - England
Failed terrorist attempts (carbombings) in Glasgow and London Eight have links with the British National
Health Service. The BBC indicated thatseven are doctors, medical students and alaboratory technician.
The eight people who have been arrestedin Australia, England and Scotland allworked in National Health Hospitals.
Why?
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Why?
The 1998 Fatwa
Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
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Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
The fatwa lists three "crimesand sins" committed by theAmericans:
1. U.S. military occupation ofthe Arabian Peninsula.
2. U.S. aggression against the
Iraqi people.3. U.S. support of Israel
1. U.S. Military Occupation of the
Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Peninsula.
First, for over seven years the United States has beenoccupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, theArabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to itsrulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, andturning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead throughwhich to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples.
If some people have in the past argued about the fact ofthe occupation, all the people of the Peninsula have nowacknowledged it. The best proof of this is the Americans'continuing aggression against the Iraqi people using thePeninsula as a staging post, even though all its rulers are
against their territories being used to that end, but they arehelpless.
-1998 Fatwa, February 23, 1998
2. U.S. Aggression Against the
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Iraqi People. Second, despite the great devastation inflicted on
the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance,and despite the huge number of those killed,
which has exceeded 1 million... despite all this, theAmericans are once against trying to repeat thehorrific massacres, as though they are not contentwith the protracted blockade imposed after the
ferocious war or the fragmentation anddevastation.
-1998 Fatwa, February 23, 1998
3 US Support of Israel
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3. US Support of Israel
Third, if the Americans' aims behind these wars arereligious and economic, the aim is also to serve the Jews'petty state and divert attention from its occupation ofJerusalem and murder of Muslims there. The best proof of
this is their eagerness to destroy Iraq, the strongestneighboring Arab state, and their endeavor to fragment allthe states of the region such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt,and Sudan into paper statelets and through their disunionand weakness to guarantee Israel's survival and the
continuation of the brutal crusade occupation of thePeninsula.
-1998 Fatwa, February 23, 1998
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Why study Bin Laden?
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Why study Bin Laden?
OSB is responsible for multiple attacks on US targetsat home and abroad
OSB is not the leader of all Islamic extremists, but he
has become an inspiration to many of them
OSB has given us many concise statements as to his
grievances
OSB wants to kill YOU!!!!!
He is more dangerous that most countries. If theyattack we know where to get them, not so for OBL
Main Themes of Bin Ladens Rhetoric
1 Th U i d S i h i f
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1. The United States is the main enemy of
Islam.2. Islam has been betrayed from within by
Muslim governments who have beencorrupted.
3. The Jihad is self defense!
4. Bin Laden is a motivator of all Muslims, nottheir leader.
5. All weapons are on the table.
-Taken from Through Our Enemies Eyes: Osama bin Laden,
Radical Islam, and the Future of America,
Osama bin Laden
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Osama bin Laden
Saudi born
One of 52 Sons and Daughters fathered
by Mohammed bin Laden with 22
different wives. (Wright, The Looming
Tower, 82)
Heir to bin Laden construction company
Westernized until his teens
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Bin Ladens war: the
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beginnings 1979-Soviet forces arrive in Afghanistan to
support communist forces who had taken power ina coup a year earlier.
Resistance against the Soviet forces soon becamea jihad, a holy struggle to evict an atheistinvader from a Muslim country
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia were the largest
backers of this jihad. The Saudis provided thefunds, and Pakistan provided the training camps.Thousands of youth from across the Muslim worldflocked to join this jihad
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Among them was Osama Bin Laden, the
son of a wealthy construction industry
businessman.
Bin Laden, born in 1957, was the 17th of
his fathers 57 children. He studied business
administration and then Islamic studies at
King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah.
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Bin Ladens father was one of many who providedfunds for the Afghan mujahideen, and Bin Ladenbegan visiting the area in 1980.
By 1982, he settled down in Peshawar, Pakistan,the main centre for the Afghan mujahideen. Hebrought in engineers from his company, and builtroads and other buildings for the fighters
The CIAs role
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The CIA s role
By the early 1980, the CIA had begun funding andarming the mujahideen against the Soviet Union.
The CIA, with the help of the Pakistaniintelligence services and Saudi money, set uptraining camps, poured large amounts of moneyand weapons into the region.
In 1986, his company built a huge CIA financedunderground tunnel and storage complex for the
mujahideen Between 1982 and 1992 an estimated 35,000
young Muslims from all over the world weretrained in these camps.
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I settled in Pakistan in theAfghan border region. There Ireceived volunteers who camefrom the Saudi kingdom andall over the Arab and Muslimcountries.
I set up my first camp where
these volunteers were trainedby American and Pakistaniofficers. The weapons weresupplied by the Americans, themoney by the Saudis.
Osama bin Laden in an interviewto AFP, 27 August 1998
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1989, Bin Laden forms his own group, known as AlQaeda, or the base. Using his own money,as well asmoney from Saudi Arabia, the organisation grows, andattracts Arab militants
In 1990, after the Soviet withdrawal, Bin Laden returns toSaudi Arabia and works in the family business. He alsosets up a welfare organisation for Arab veterans of theAfghan war.
Most importantly, OBL returned home with an addressbook containing the names of everybody who was anybodyin Islamic activism and guerrilla warfare in his pocket.(TOEE, 117.)
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In 1991, after Iraqs invasion of Kuwait Bin Laden
wanted the Saudi royal family to create a force of Afghanwar veterans to fight Saddam. Instead, the Saudis allowedUS forces to be based in Saudi Arabia
Bin Laden was furious about US troops would be based
so closed to the sacred sites of Mecca and Medina. Hecriticized the Saudi royal family for allowing nonMuslims to be based in the country.
His view is widely accepted in the Arab world.
Never has Islam suffered a greater disaster than thisinvasion. OBL
The Saudi royal family revokes Bin Ladens citizenship
Bin Laden in Sudan and Afghanistan 1992, Bin Laden moves to Sudan, where he helps an Islamic revolution
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punder Hassan Turabi.
He uses his money to fund Islamic militants and gets together more Arabveterans from Afghanistan and runs construction projects.
OBL funds Muslim fighters in Somalia and sends at least 250 of his ownmen to aid in the fight against the US.
Somalis received some expert guidance [on the use of rocket propelledgrenades] from Islamic soldiers smuggled in form Sudan, who had
experience fighting Russian helicopters in Afghanistan. (Mark Bowen,Black Hawk Down)
By now, he has begun the attract the attention of the US as a financier ofterrorist organisations
Saudi Arabia and the US put pressure on Sudan to give Bin Laden up. He
leaves for Afghanistan in 1996, where he is welcomed by the Taliban 1998 Bin Laden issues a call for jihad against the US in the middle east
By 1999 he is on FBIs 10 Most Wanted List
Did Bush and Clinton drop the
b ll?
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ball? We had many chances to kill OBL in the 1990s, but chose not
to.
February 2001, the director of the CIA told Congress that OBLwas the USs top national security threat.
Some Bush insiders say that Bush was only concerned withIraq and Iran and never paid any attention to the threat posedby OBL and other terrorists.
August 6, 2001- President Bush received a briefing entitledBin Laden determined to strike in US.
Even by the standards of the terrorist involved, the scale ofassault [on September 11, 2001] was unimaginable. The point,though, is that we didnt even try to find out what was headedour way. Robert Baer, See No Evil.
Character Traits of Bin Laden
http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/10/august6.memo/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/10/august6.memo/ -
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From Through Our Enemies Eyes
Personal Responsibility- He truly feels he is doinghis job by waging Jihad against America.
Piety- OBL is a devout Muslim. Gave up a life ofriches to live with commoners and wage jihadagainst us.
Professionalism- Businesslike in running AlQaeda. His looks make us think he is anuneducated, anti-modern, crazy man, when this is
the exact opposite. Courageous- Wounded at least twice fighting in
Afghanistan
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How is OBL viewed today?
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How is OBL viewed today?
Many throughout the world, notjust Muslims, respect OBLbecause he has not backed down.
He has become one of the greatwarriors in the history of Islam.
Wherever Muslims are introuble, it seems, Usama BinLaden will be there, slayingenemies, real or perceived. Amodern nightmare really- a bigscreen villain, a free-lancer withthe resources of a state, butwithout all the nasty obligations.(John Miller as quoted in TOEE,189.)
The West has pretty muchdecided that bin Laden is aserious threat only because he isa trigger-happy nut,psychopath, or violence proneyoungster who never grew up.TOEE, p. 300
Muslims The West
Excerpt from Through Our
E i E 196
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Enemies Eyes, pg. 196. Bin Laden, however has no fixed address. When American military
might comes calling the odds are Bin Lade, like Muhammad Ali,will float like a Muslim butterfly and live to sting another day likethe prophets bee. All this is to say that it is counterintuitive forHizballah and Iran- and Sudan and Iraq, for that matter- to
deliberately put their heads on the chopping block with al Qaedawhey they derive the same benefit by doing nothing. Al Qaedaalready has killed Americans, embarrassed Washington by forcingU.S. leaders into a war of words with a Saudi they cannot find,increased anti-Americanism among Muslims, caused the UnitedStates to spend $1.4 billion for security upgrades for its embassies
and double its counterterrorism budget in five years, and put USforces in Saudi Arabia into isolated desert cantonments at aprolonged and enervating state of alert. All this is in the interest ofHizballah and Iran and, to date, they have benefited at no cost tothemselves.
Bin Laden is not crazy!
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Bin Laden is not crazy!
Americans feel we areright and do not seeourselves as a threat.
When someonedoesnt like us or ourpolicies, we considerthat they must be
demented.
Bin Ladens publicstatements have beenclear, concise and
logical. In other words, he has
basically told us whathe will do (not
specifically) and why. Yet we continue to
ignore his threats!
What our government doesnt tell us! Why did bin Laden attack us? Most important his words
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Why did bin Laden attack us?
Many times, government officials say
that bin Laden attacked us because ofwho we are, how we live and what webelieve in.
Americans are asking, why do theyhate us? They hate what we see righthere in this chamber -- ademocratically elected
government. Their leaders are self-appointed. They hate our freedoms --our freedom of religion, our freedomof speech, our freedom to vote andassemble and disagree with eachother. President Bush, September20,2001
This is a blatant lie. Bin Laden attacked us for what wehave done, not who we are.
Most important, his wordsleave no room to doubt that
Americans are beingattacked for what they doin the Islamic world, notfor how they think, live orgovern themselves.-
Scheuer, TOEE, pg. x. The focused and lethal
threat(comes) from theirplausible perception thatthe things they love and
value- God, Islam, theirbrethren, and Muslim landsare being attacked byAmerica. Scheuer, IH, 9.
Bin Ladens threat.
Even though most of us had If he had the wherewithal to
kill Americans and attack
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Even though most of us hadnever heard of OBL before
9/11/01, the CIA, FBI, and manyother government agencies wereaware of him and his threat.
Besides 9/11, OBL has beenbehind many attacks on USinterests throughout the world.
In response, the United Statesnever seemed to take bin Ladentoo seriously, let alone accept thefact that our nation was in thepath of real danger. (Scheuer,
xvii.)
kill Americans and attackU.S. targets he would do so,
but he doesnt..Hes seriousabout wanting to killAmericans, but as long as hesin Afghanistan, as long as hedoesnt have access to a cell
phone,. His ability to planand conduct terroristoperations is extremelylimited.Anonymous US
official, 1999.
He is responsible for attackson US interests all over theworld.
We are the enemy! The Christian West is Islams
main enemy. The Islamic world, just like 1,000
years ago stands at a critical
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main enemy.
We are the leader of an unholy
alliance that includes manyEuropean countries, India,China, etc.
Bin Laden portraysAmericans and their allies as
inhuman creatures that thirstfor Muslim blood, delight ingore, and aim to annihilate theIslamic world. (Scheuer, 47)
Calls us Crusaders. Trying
to rekindle Muslim memory ofCrusades in the Middle Ages.
years ago stands at a criticaljuncture in history, threatened by
a phased plan by the Judeo-Christian conspiracy togradually de-Islamicize andoccupy the Muslim holy places inthe Arabian Peninsula.-Professor Manstorp.
According to OBL and others,
there is no difference between youand a US Soldier.
The [Americans] are a peoplewhose president becomes morepopular when he kills innocent
people If the majority of people
support their dissolute president,this means the American peopleare fighting us and we have aright to target them. OBL, 1999.
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Self Defense OBL sees Islam and the
Muslim world are beingF ili ???????
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w a gattacked by a more modern,
powerful, and predatoryversion of the medievalCatholic Crusaders(Scheuer, 54)
Therefore it is everyMuslims duty to fight todefend their religion andculture. (Total War)
According to OBL it is the
duty of every Muslim tokill Americans and destroyor steal their property andmoney. (Scheuer, 60)
Familiar???????
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Alls Fair! Bin Laden is looking for a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon
(CBRN).
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(CBRN).
I would say that acquiring (CBRN) weapons for the defense of Muslims is a
religious duty. OBL Bin Laden is not interested in using a CBRN weapon to terrorize his foes; he isseeking a first strike capability. (Scheuer, 72.)
Killing Muslim civilians is an unfortunate, but acceptable effect of using a CBRNagainst the Crusaders.
Killing them with a single bullet, a stab, or device made up of a popular mix ofexplosives or hitting them with an iron rod is not impossible. Burning down their
property with Molotov cocktails is not difficult. With the available mean, smallgroups could prove to be a frightening horror for the Americans and the Jews.-Ayamen Zawahiri
Osama bin Laden sees heroin as a powerful new weapon in his war against theWest that is capable of wreaking social havoc while generating huge profits.Washington Times, 1998.
OBL sees our dropping of atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki asexamples of Americas disregard for human life. (Scheuer, 49.)
Did the U.S. forget.. what it did to the residents of Hiroshima andNagasaki?- OBL
Bin Ladens Followers
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Why are many young peoplewilling to killthemselves to strike America?- David P. Baugh,defense attorney for African Embassy bomber.
Because they believe in bin Laden and they agreewith his message the Islam is under attack by the
West. They too see American as the Evil Empire.
Bin Laden has become a pan-Arab hero becausethe Arab and Muslim peoples are yearning to any
voice that says no to the United States.- Muntasiral-Zayyat
Strategy and Recruitment
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gy Recruitment and propaganda efforts
Video and audio tapes, CD-Roms, DVDs and the Internet
Key themes of al Qaeda recruitment:
The West is implacably hostile to Islam
Only language the West understands is violence
Jihad is the only option
9/11 was a tremendous victory (U.S. economy was destroyed and the
course of history was changed)
U.S. is a paper tiger on the verge of financial ruin and total collapse
Patience and steadfastness are required
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War on Iraq
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q Our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors
or enemies, but as liberators. ... It is [not] the wish of [our]government to impose upon you alien institutions. ... [It is ourwish] that you should prosper even as in the past, when yourlands were fertile, when your ancestors gave to the world
literature, science, and art, and when Baghdad city was one ofthe wonders of the world. ... It is [our] hope that the aspirationsof your philosophers and writers shall be realized and that onceagain the people of Baghdad shall flourish, enjoying their wealthand substance under institutions which are in consonance with
their sacred laws and their racial ideals. -- General F. S. Maude to the people of Mesopotamia, March 19,
1917
War on IraqTh t f I d th f t f t
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q The government of Iraq, and the future of your country,
will soon belong to you. ... We will end a brutal regime... so that Iraqis can live in security. We will respectyour great religious traditions, whose principles ofequality and compassion are essential to Iraq's future.We will help you build a peaceful and representative
government that protects the rights of all citizens. Andthen our military forces will leave. Iraq will go forwardas a unified, independent, and sovereign nation that hasregained a respected place in the world. You are a goodand gifted people -- the heirs of a great civilization thatcontributes to all humanity.
-- President George W. Bush to the people of Iraq,April 4, 2003
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America's Invasion of Iraq Is a Gift (2) How long can the Americans stay? It took a
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decade to convince the Soviets, but American's
have even less spine or stomach for losses.Will they last until 2013 with 6,000 dead?
Once they depart to live in angry isolation,
chaos will ensue in Iraq giving jihad new space
The apostate regimes of the Gulf will trembleand fall
Proves to many non radical Muslims that the
U.S. is greedy and is just out to plunder the
resources of the Muslim world.
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