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    Islamic Fundamentalist

    TerrorismIf there is a single power the West underestimates, it is the

    power of collective hatred. Ralph Peters, 1999.

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    For More info see

    Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the Waron Terror, Michael Scheuer

    Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden,Radical Islam, and the Future of America, RevisedEdition, Michael Scheuer

    The Trouble With Islam Today, Irshad Manji The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the

    National Commission on the Terrorist AttacksUpon the United States

    The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of

    the Middle East, Robert Fisk The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to

    9/11, Lawrence Wright

    http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3D%2522the%2Blooming%2Btower%2522%26ei%3DUTF-8%26js%3D1%26ni%3D18%26fr%3Dslv8-hptb4%26b%3D1&w=115&h=160&imgurl=booksca.info%2Fimg%2F502f313430303130333035332e30312e5f53434d5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5f.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fbooksca.info%2Fislamic&size=7.5kB&name=502f313430303130333035332e30312e5f53434d5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5f.jpg&p=%22the+looming+tower%22&type=jpeg&no=4&tt=124&oid=ff55db34aa3119c0&ei=UTF-8http://www.potomacbooksinc.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=167954
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    Terrorism

    The unlawful use orthreatened use of force orviolence to intimidate orcoerce societies or

    governments, often forideological or politicalreasons.

    The unlawful use of force orviolence against persons orproperty to intimidate or coercea government, the civilianpopulation, or any segmentthereof, in furtherance ofpolitical or social objectives(FBI)

    Potentially politically loadedterm

    One persons terrorist isanothers freedom fighter

    Terrorism most clearly definedby two characteristics

    Combatants do notrepresent a state

    Combatants deliberately

    target civilians Terrorism & terrorists violate

    intl rules of war

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    Popular Beliefs and Misconceptions

    about Terrorism There is a widespread, but probably incorrectly

    belief that: Terrorists are psychotic or mentally ill

    Terrorists suffer personality disorders

    Terrorist violence is the result of personal frustration,or economic deprivation

    Terrorist violence is a reaction to personal grievances,

    including personal humiliation, anger, or shame Terrorists are victims of physical or psychological

    coercion from mastermind recruiters("brainwashing")

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    Terrorism as Strategy Terrorism as weapon in a strategy

    Terrorist attacks = form of strategic communication

    Terrorism is not new

    Terrorism is not merely religious: 1980 Bologna, Munichattacks; LTTE (Sri Lanka)

    You have to be lucky everydayWe only have to be lucky

    once - IRA Bomber

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    The Tactics of Terrorism

    Six tactics of terrorism: Bombing (most common)

    Hijacking Arson

    Assault

    Kidnapping

    Hostage Taking

    Weapons of mass destruction?

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    Effects of Terror

    Economy

    Each and every individual

    Irrational in nature

    Decreases any feeling of security

    Drains resources Places whole country on alert:

    ?overreaction

    ?False sense of security or irrelevant

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    Some Strategic Objectives of

    Terrorism

    Recognition: Gaining national or international recognition for their cause;recruiting new personnel; raising funds; demonstrating their strength

    Coercion: Force a desired behavior of an individual or government

    Intimidation: Prevent individuals, groups, or governments from acting

    Provocation: Provoking overreaction by a government to the attack onsymbolic targets or personnel, thereby gaining sympathy for their cause.

    Insurgency support: Forcing the government to overextend itself in dealingwith the threat, thereby allowing the insurgency to gain support and commit

    further attacks against the government.

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    Terrorism Is Theatre

    As stated by Brian Jenkins - terrorism

    expert - terrorist acts are often deliberatelyspectacular, designed to rattle and influence

    a wide audience, beyond the victims of the

    violence itself.

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    Over the years, several studies have pointed tothe close relationship between terrorism and

    television

    The purpose of television news

    News programming provides information,

    but it is also designed to keep audiences

    watching

    One of the purposes is to keep the audienceprimed with emotion and excitement

    Terrorism is perfect for this scenario

    because it is so dramatic

    Television and Terrorism: A Cozy

    Relationship

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    Basic elements of television drama

    Viewers are encouraged to stay tuned

    The station provides an expert interpreter

    The reports give the illusion that somehow

    the audience and be in control of the

    situation

    Television and Terrorism: A Cozy

    Relationship

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    American media and Arab media

    America broadcasted its versions of truth

    both domestically and abroad, and

    American news has always been self-

    absorbed

    In the 1990s a new Arab television

    network, al Jazeera, began broadcastingnews from an Arab perspective

    The Media as a Force Multiplier

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    The Media as a Force Multiplier

    Terrorists use the media to reach audiences in a new

    way

    At first, terrorists reached audiences with drama

    As time went on, terrorists realized that hostagedramas were made for television

    If terrorists could successfully manipulate the

    situation, they could portray both hostages and

    themselves as victims while police and militaryforces appeared to be aggressors

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    The Media as a Force Multiplier

    The Internet as a force multiplier

    The Internet is one of the most important force

    multipliers easily available to terrorists

    The Internet is a powerful tool for opposition

    forces in authoritarian regimes

    Terrorists run their own websites, sometimes

    hack into exiting sites to broadcast propaganda

    videos, and also imbed pixels in legitimate

    websites to transmit secret communications

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    Security Forces vs. Reporters

    Security forces conflicting with the media

    Terrorists want to use the media as a

    psychological weapon, while governments seekto harness the power of the media for social

    control

    Law enforcement and military goals conflict

    directly with the needs of the media

    Officially, police and security forces recognize

    the medias right to report information, but they

    develop elaborate plans to control reporting

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    Security Forces vs. Reporters

    Points of views about terrorism and the

    media

    Some members and supporters of thepress see the media as a quasi-

    constitutional force keeping the

    government in check

    Some want to limit press coverage

    during terrorist events

    The media may exploit terrorism, but

    they rarely convey messages favorable

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    Security Forces vs. Reporters

    Terrorist theater

    The media is filled with action and it is

    entertaining However, research suggests that the

    coverage of terrorism is not helpful to

    terrorist groups

    Reporting terrorist events increases the

    publics knowledge about terrorism, but

    builds little sympathy for terrorists

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    Does Reporting Make Terrorism

    Contagious?

    The Internet and the contagion effect

    Contagion is magnified when rumors are

    spread through e-mails, and websites Copycat effect

    The greatest proponents of contagiontheory argue that media reporting,

    especially television, leads to a copycateffect

    The reason is that media reportsencourage people to transform dark

    thoughts into reality

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    Censorship Debates

    Three choices when it comes to freedom of

    the press and terrorism

    To assume a laissez-faire, or hands-off,attitude

    Censorship

    Self-regulation

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    Terrorism is a Political Act

    Creates extreme fear and anxiety in a target

    group larger than immediate victims

    Extra-normal violence in a symbolic act

    Specific victims have no particular significance

    to terrorist

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    Terrorism is Not Irrational

    Terrorist use logic that links

    Goals

    Objectives

    Strategy

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    States Sponsoring Terrorism

    Today Iran

    Iraq

    Syria

    Sudan

    Libya

    N. Korea

    Cuba

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    IRANshaped Hizballahs ideology, gave it political backing andhelped build its operational capabilities. Iran currently continues to

    support Hizballah terrorism, by providing it with training andweapons, financial aid and assistance for carrying out terror attacks.

    SYRIA supports and trains Hizballah and allows it to build itsinfrastructure under Syrian auspices. Hizballah is used as a political

    tool against Israel by the Syrian president.

    LEBANON provides a territorial base where Hizballah canfreely operate and advance its terrorist infrastructure.

    State Sponsored Terrorism

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    State Sponsored Terrorism

    Hi b ll h A l f W

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    Type of Weapons Quantity(estimate)

    Range Target

    Mortars

    82 mm

    120 mm160 mm

    Dozens of mortars, thousands of

    mortar bombs

    3000 m

    5700 m8000 m

    Israeli towns and

    cities

    RocketLaunchersFAJR 3

    FAJR 5

    107 mm

    122 mm

    Several dozen

    Unknown launchers; thousands of

    rockets

    43 km

    75 km

    8.3 km

    Long-range rocket: 20.4 km

    Short-range rocket: 11 km

    Into the Heart of

    Israel

    Recoilless guns Dozens 1300 m (est.)military

    Artillery Guns122 mm

    130 mm

    155 mm

    Dozens of guns;

    Thousands of shells

    11.8 km24 km

    2.75 km

    18km

    Israeli civilians and

    towns

    Antitank MissilesSAGGER

    MillanFagot

    Tow

    Several hundred missiles of all

    types

    1000-3000 m

    300-2000 m300-2000 m

    A. 600-3750 m

    B. 1000-3000 m

    Tanks

    AntiaircraftSA-7

    14.5 mm

    23 mm

    57mm

    A few of each kind 1.5-1.9 km

    600-2500 m

    1400-3000 m

    4000-5000 m

    Aircraft

    Hizballahs Arsenal of Weapons

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    Terrorism is a Political Act

    A weapon of psychological purposes

    Premeditated, politically motivated violence

    perpetrated against noncombatant targets bysubnation or clandestine agents usually

    intended to influence an audience

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    The first incident of antifederal behavior came

    shortly after the American Revolutionary War

    1791- The Whiskey Rebellion

    The Civil War

    Southerners were fighting to keep the

    power of local government

    KKK-Purpose: to intimidate supporters of

    Reconstruction

    Abortion Clinics

    Terrorism in the USA

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    Ecoterrorism in the US

    Earth Liberation Front (ELF)

    ELF migrated from Europe to the United

    States The alliance has been responsible for

    more than six hundred criminal acts

    since 1996

    Its tactics include sabotage, tree spiking,

    property damage, intimidation, and

    arson

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    Ecoterrorism, Animal Rights, and

    Genetic Engineering Ecoterrorism today

    Most violence associated with ecoterrorism has

    taken place in the American West

    From 1995-1999, damages total $28.8 million

    ELF activities have increased each year since

    1999

    Ecoterrorists are uncompromising, illogicalextremists just like their right-wing

    counterparts; They use ecology as a surrogate

    religion

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    Murrah Federal

    BuildingOklahoma City25 June 1994

    168 Dead 490 Injured

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    Terrorist tactics have been

    admired in the past American Revolution

    Was the Boston Tea Party an act of terrorism?????

    What about the French Resistance that fought againstGermany in WWII?

    Russian and Spanish Guerrilla warfare vs. Napoleon????

    Terrorist or Freedom Fighter????

    Are we Terrorists?

    Bombing of other countries when they do something we dontlike?

    Iraq

    Libya

    Panama

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    Why Terrorism???

    Terrorism and guerrilla warfare

    Ability to compete with superpowers

    Legitimate form of warfare? Applicability of Laws of war (legitimate nations at a

    disadvantage?)

    Terrorists have advantage of surprise and initiative

    What methods may be used to combat terrorist/guerrillaattacks? Advantages and disadvantages of each (loss of

    innocent life, collateral damage, etc.)

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    Why Terrorism? Because It Works

    The anthrax case:

    3 teaspoons worth of anthrax

    $27,500,000 to clean up Senate Office Building $300,000,000 to clean up postal facilities

    Two pounds of anthrax would saturate all of

    Manhattan. 9/11- 19 Hijackers killed thousands and caused

    Trillions of dollars in economic damage.

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    Terrorist Profiles: Three

    Views Hacker one of first criminal profilers

    Hackers three types of terrorists:

    Criminals

    Join terrorist groups for payoff or vengeance

    Crazies

    Join terrorist groups for thrills of lifestyle Crusaders

    People who believe deeply in a cause

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    Creating Terrorist

    Organizations Pyramid Organization:

    Support is most common job in terrorist groups

    Fraser and Fultons hierarchy of terrorist group: Smallest group at the top is responsible for

    command

    Second level is active cadrepeople who carry outorganizations mission

    Third level is most important: active supporters

    Fourth level is passive supporters; largest group

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    Terrorism Support Base

    Actual

    terrorists

    Active supporters

    Passive supporters

    Sympathizers

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    Suicide Terror Attacks are . . .

    inexpensive and effective; extremely favorable per-casualty cost benefits for

    the terrorists

    less complicated and compromisingno escape plan needed, and successmeans no assailant to capture and interrogate

    perhaps the ultimate smart bomb this weapon can cleverly disguiseitself, use various modes of deception, and effect last minute changes intiming, access, and target

    a strategic communication devicesuccessful attacks are virtually assuredmedia coverage

    effective because the weaker opponentacts as coercerand the stronger actor

    is the target Key difference from other attacks: The target of suicide campaign cannot

    easily adjust to minimize future damage

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    Suicide Terrorism: Where?

    Three types of attacks are most likely to occur: High value, symbolic targets involving mass casualties

    Important government buildings, installations, or landmarks

    Major means of personal or commercial transportation

    High value, symbolic targets against specific persons

    Political assassinations (e.g., head of state, regional governor, etc.)

    Deliberately lethal attacks targeting the public

    Bus, train, subway bombings; attacks on shopping malls, cinemas, sportsstadiums, public gathering spaces

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    Suicide Terrorism

    The use of suicide terrorism as a tactic has changed thenature of terrorism and the war in Iraq.

    In most cases, the use of suicide terrorism has tendedto improve the success of terrorists and frustrated their

    more capable, better-resourced enemies (i.e., US, EU) This analysis is based on Robert Papes article in the

    Aug. 2003American Political Science Review (vol. 97,no. 3, 343-361)

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    Suicide Terrorism

    Suicide terrorism was seldom used but notunknown before 1980

    The 1983 attack on the US Marine barracks in

    Lebanon was a spectacular early use of thistactic

    Since that time its use has risen sharply

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    Suicide Attacks

    Against Israel

    Suicide Attacks Thwarted by

    Israeli Forces

    2000 4 4

    2001 35 56

    2002 60 171

    2003 26 209

    2002 15 3672005 5 96

    2006 2 187

    Source: Jewish Virtual Library.org

    Suicide Terrorism

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    Types of Suicide Terrorism

    Suicide attack on foot, explosive belt -- numerous Iraq

    Attempted suicide attack with a plane as target -- Richard Reid on American

    Airlines Flight 63

    Suicide car bomb -- numerous Iraq

    Suicide attack by a boat with explosives -- USS Cole bombing

    Suicide attack by a submarine with explosives (human-steered torpedo) --

    Kaiten, used by Japan in WWII

    Suicide attack by a plane with explosives -- kamikaze

    Suicide attack by a hijacked plane with fuel -- 9/11

    Suicide attack by diverting a bus to an abyss -- Tel Aviv Jerusalem busMassacre

    Suicide attack with guns -- Kashmiri insurgents on the Indian Parliament in

    December 2001 killing 15 people.

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    Profile of Suicide Terrorists

    The original descriptions of characteristics of suicideterrorists pointed to depressed, isolated, uneducated,embittered loners carrying out attacks, motivated by asense of powerlessness

    The rising numbers of suicide attacks has made thisprofile obsolete

    Suicide terrorists may be young, middle class, well-educated, female

    Religion seems to be a significant motivation in manycases, but not all (e.g., Tamil Tigers, Sri Lanka)

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    5 Principles of Suicide Terrorism

    1. Suicide terrorism is strategic-- Groups announce their goals and cease attacks whenthose goals are met

    2. Designed to coerce modern democracies, usually

    over territorial claims-- Every suicide terrorist attack since 1980 has beendirected against a democratic form of government

    3. Suicide terrorism has been rising for the past 25

    years because it is often partially successful-- Palestinian management/control: West Bank, Gaza

    -- Regional autonomy negotiations for Tamil Tigers in SriLanka

    -- Limited toleration for Kurdish minority in Turkey

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    4. More ambitious, large-scale attacks are unlikely toprove increasingly successful

    -- Large democratic states have little political incentive toconcede when the stakes are very high -- public support

    5. The most promising tactic for reducing suicideterrorism is by reducing the terrorists confidence infurther success

    -- Border control, increased internal security

    -- Military action alone is unlikely to create this effect

    5 Principles of Suicide Terrorism

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    Terrorists have a choice of tactics to use dependingon the desire effect

    Demonstrative Terrorism Used mainly to gain publicity, recruit activists

    May announce their action in advance (bomb threat)

    Destructive Terrorism More aggressive, seeks to coerce enemies

    Balance between effect of act and the potential to alienatepotential sympathizers

    Suicide Terrorism Most aggressive

    May alienate the terrorists own community

    Types of Terrorism

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    Two factors related to the news media are crucial Projection of an image of being unstoppable

    Projection of an image of being very numerous

    Suicide terrorism is an aspect of asymmetricalwarfare, where the terrorist organization is weakerthan their enemy

    Their actions are a punishment for not acceding toprevious demands

    Fear is intensified by the credible threat of additionalfuture attacks

    Types of Terrorism

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    Selected Suicide Terror Campaigns

    TerroristGroup

    Terrorists Goals Target Behavior

    Apr-Dec

    1983

    Hezbollah US/France out of

    Lebanon

    Complete Withdrawal

    Nov 1983-Apr 1985 Hezbollah Israel out of Lebanon Complete withdrawal

    Apr 1984-

    Dec 2006

    Hamas,

    various

    Israel out of Palestine Complete withdrawal from

    Gaza, partial withdrawal

    from West Bank

    1996-2003 Al Qaeda US out of ArabianPeninsula

    Complete withdrawal

    2000- Chechen

    Rebels

    Russia out of Chechnya TBD

    2003- Al Qaeda,

    various

    US out of Iraq TBD

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    Analysis of Religious

    Terrorism Religious fanaticism and technology Terrorists behave differently from regular

    criminals, religious terrorists behave

    differently from political terrorists

    Religious terrorists are not constrained by

    the same factors that inhibit other types of

    terrorists

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    Holy Terror vs. Secular Terror

    Secular terrorists operate within a dominant

    political and cultural framework

    Secular terrorists would rather make allies than

    indiscriminately kill their enemies

    Holy terrorists see the world as a battlefield

    between the forces of light and darkness

    Holy terrorists see killing as a sacramental act.

    Examples can be found in:

    The Koran

    Christian Old Testament

    Hebrew Bible

    Analysis of Religious Terrorism

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    True believers

    Religious terrorists dismiss the religious

    views of others When a person becomes a true believer and

    a religious doctrine sanctions the use of

    violence, deified terrorism results, that is,

    the act of terrorism itself is made sacred andholy

    Analysis of Religious Terrorism

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    Analysis of Religious Terrorism

    Other dangerous trends in holy terror

    Religious terrorists are not utilitarian;

    that is, they are not a person seeking thegreatest amount of good for the greatest

    number of people. Religious terrorist

    seek the greatest good for themselves

    Religious terrorists demonize theirenemies; that is, they equate their

    enemies with the ultimate source of evil

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    The Social Characteristics of Terrorists:

    Juergensmeyers Terror in Gods Mind

    Holy warriors The call to violence is a call to purify the

    world from the nonbeliever and the

    incorrect interpreters of tradition in a

    holy war

    Those who do not stand with the holy

    warrior are evil

    If the holy warrior falls, the warriorbecomes a martyr for hope; if the holy

    warrior is successful, it is a victory for

    the deity

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    After the Sept 11 attacks

    The clash of civilizations theory suddenly

    gained new prominence in the west

    Originally put forward by Bernard Lewis, anAmerican historian of the Middle East in 1990.

    Expanded and given prominence by Samuel

    Huntington of Harvard University in an article in

    Foreign Affairs, later expanded into a book.

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    Bernard Lewis: Islam an ancient rival againstour Judeo-Christian heritage.

    Traces the rivalry back to the time of the Islamicinvasion of Spain, the western Crusades, theOttoman invasion of eastern and central Europe,and the European defeat of the Ottomans afterWW1.

    The Muslim has suffered succesive stages ofdefeat.It was too much to endure, and theoutbreak of rage against these alien, infidel andincomprehensible forces that subverted his

    dominance.was inevitable.

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    Bernard Lewis ideas have influenced importantmembers of the Bush administration, includingvice president Cheney

    Their assumptions:

    - Islamic societies are fundamentally antidemocratic and repressive.

    - Islamists are resentful and hate the freedom andliberty they see in the US, and want to destroy it.

    - If Islam and the west are to live together, Islamiccountries need to be democratized and

    modernised: this is the project in Iraq.

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    Huntingtons thesis

    The fundamental source of conflict..will not beprimarily ideological or economic. The greatdivisions among humankind will be cultural.

    The fault lines between civilizations will be thebattle lines of the future.

    He divides the world into seven or eight majorcivilizations: Western, Confucian, Japanese,Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin American.

    Huntington saw the main source of conflict in theworld as being between western and Islamiccivilization

    Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations

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    Huntington s Clash of Civilizations

    and Espositos Response

    Huntingtons Thesis

    International peace will be threatened in torn

    countries. These are regions where more than

    one civilization exists within an area

    John Esposito

    Disagrees with Huntington on Two Levels:

    Culture or civilization is defined by more

    than religion

    There is no Islamic civilization

    Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations

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    Huntington s Clash of Civilizations

    and Espositos Response

    Daniel Pipes

    When looking at Islam, the major clash is not

    between civilizations, but rather within Islamic

    civilization

    Thomas Barnett

    Believes Huntingtons clash comes between

    economic rather than cultural civilizations

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    Islamic extremists too believe in

    a clash of civilization The West and Islam will constantly be

    enemiesIslam must win and westerners

    will be destroyed. But we dont have tomake then enemies if they allow Islam tocontinue to grow so that in the end they willprobably agree to be under Islam. If they

    refuse to be under Islam there will be chaos.If they want to have peace, they have toaccept to be governed by Islam. Abu-BakrBashir, head of Jemaah Islamiyah in

    Indonesia.

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    Huntingtons and Lewis ideas have been

    vigorously criticised

    Confuses the thinking of a small Islamic

    fundamentalist fringe, with the majority of

    Muslims Does not distinguish between Arab Muslims

    and non Arab Muslims

    Are civilizations that distinct and are theybased on religion?

    Know Your Enemy

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    Know Your EnemyIf you know yourself but do not know your enemy,

    you will sometimes meet with victory, sometimes with defeat.

    If you know your enemy but do not know yourself,you will sometimes meet with victory, sometimes with defeat.

    But if you know yourself and you know your enemy,you will be victorious on a hundred occasions.

    Sun-Tsu(The Art of War)

    Muslims look forward todeath the way Americanslook forward to life.

    Osama bin Laden

    (Islamic Terrorist)

    Global War on Terrorism--Who is the

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    enemy?

    The enemy consists of various extremist Islamic groups that espouse the use of

    violence to achieve their ideological aimsal Qaida being the mostdangerous. Characteristics are:

    No state, no uniform, lives among the population

    Believes religion is under attack and calls upon Muslims to defend Islam

    Even support by 1% of the Muslim population would equate to over 12

    million enemies While we may view his beliefs as dangerously misguided.

    He is absolutely committed to his cause

    His religious ideology successfully attracts recruits

    He has a sufficient population base from which to protract the conflict

    Terms

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    This briefing refers to ISLAM and ISLAMIC to refer generally to the broadrange of religious, cultural and socio-economic values and assumptions that areshared among the diverse adherents to the Islamic faith.

    This briefing refers to ISLAMISTS (Islamic Fundamentalists,Fundamentalists, Extremists) ) and requires that these terms be understood torefer to thoseIslamic extremists who have, by their words and actions, definedthemselves as the enemies of all that is NOT in agreement with their view and arecurrently executing a violent campaign against those who do not share their agendaprimarily the U.S. This term doesNOTrefer to all Muslims nor Muslims of anyparticular denomination or sect of the broader religion of Islam. It refers ONLYto

    those Muslim extremists who are engaged in using violent means to expand theinfluence of their particular view of Islam. Some of these religious, and socio-political views are shared among most or even all Muslims. However, those viewswhich have motivated Islamist, Fundamentalist Extremists to violent action aregenerally shared ONLY by those groups.

    JIHAD is an Arabic term that is used for any struggle INCLUDING warfare. It

    is frequently interpreted in a religious context as Holy War but CAN meanstruggle as in a struggle to overcome a personal limitation or a struggle tounderstand a new point of view.

    JIHADI is one who struggles or fights. In the context of a religiously inspiredHoly War, a Jihadi is a Holy Warrior.

    Islam Today????

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    Islam (modernists, traditionalists and orthodox 80-85%?)

    Ancient religion of 1.5 billion people

    Diversity of beliefs, practices, and politics

    Islamism (salafi Islam, fundamentalism) (15-20%?)

    Islam must have political power and a state

    Response to European colonialism

    Modernism and the turn to Islam

    But no unanimity about democracy

    Jihadism (salafiyya jihadiyya) (

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    Historical Perspective

    I Islam spread very quickly by conversion

    and by developing empire.

    Mohammed was at once a prophet, religiousleader, military leader, and governmenthead.

    Crusades were a direct attack on this empire

    that included many lands outside of theMiddle East. Focus is on Christianatrocities.

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    Historical Perspective

    II Place of Christians and Jews in the early

    Islamic State and Mohammed's last wishes.

    Holy Land is for Muslims only: Arabia,Medina, Mecca

    With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire

    the Caliphate (Islamic Leader) ended(1924).

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    The Al Qaeda Manual I

    After the fall of our orthodoxcaliphates on March 3, 1924 and after

    expelling the colonialists, our Islamic

    nation was afflicted with apostaterulers who took over in the Moslem

    nation. These .rulers turned out to bemore infidel and criminal than the

    colonialists themselves.

    Al Qaeda Manual II

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    Al Qaeda Manual IIColonialism and its followers, the

    apostate rulers, then started to openlyerect crusader centers, societies, and

    organizations like Masonic Lodges, Lions

    and Rotary clubs, and foreign schools.They aimed at producing a wasted

    generation that pursued everything that is

    western and produced rulers, ministers,leaders, physicians, engineers,

    businessmen, politicians, journalists, and

    information s ecialists. Some general things to consider

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    g g Many in the Mid-East see the West as the cause of many of their

    problems. We (USA) are now THE representative of the West. Even though the Mid-East is rich in oil, the average person is not rich.

    Many dictators and kings have become rich while their people havesuffered. Guess who helped to put many of these people into power???

    These monarchs and dictators have used brutality and violence to keeptheir own people in line.

    Education is very limited. Even those that are educated are notallowed/encouraged free thought. (Women)

    Even educated men have a hard time finding jobs in many Mid-Easterncountries. Lack of economic opportunities leads to anger.

    Many religious schools teach students to recite the Koran, but not whatit means. (Arabic)

    Many view themselves as Muslim first, a citizen of their country second! Islam is a multinational and multiracial religion. Only a small minorityof Muslims are Arab.

    Radicals like bin Laden and others see this as a holy war, a literal battlefor world domination. Many radicals have the attitude convert, or die.

    People like bin Laden represent a small, but growing, minority of the 1

    billion worldwide Muslims.

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    Problems with Islam today

    No Church hierarchy. (Pope)

    No official Islamic Doctrine

    Teachings based on various Imams. Some very radical.

    Much illiteracy. Since most Muslims arent Arab, and the word of God is onlyrevealed in Arabic, it makes sense that most Muslims dontknow what the Koran says. Therefore they rely on theinterpretation of the imams.

    Every Muslim who passes away without a gun in his handfaces Allah with the sins of abandoning fight I stronglybelieve that there is no difference between who does not fight ,and he who does not fast, pray or pay zakat (tithe). I believe noMuslim is excused from abandoning Jihad. Shaykh Azzam

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    Worldview

    Jewish Conspiracy Banking

    Influence/Pulling the strings US World Position

    Leader and therefore responsible regardless ofproof

    Support of Israel The Final Proof

    (How many Arab countries have accepted the

    right of Israel to exist at all?)

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    Globalization

    Forcing a secular western culture on a

    traditional Islamic culture

    Extolling: music, morals, sex, values andmaterialism

    Importing to them low paying jobs.

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    The Appeal to A Dangerous Socio-Political Element

    The Poor

    The Politically Disenfranchised

    The Youth Bulge

    The Impact of Islamist Worlds Economics*& Socio-demographics*

    The Virtuous Poor

    The Corrupted and

    Apostate Rich

    * TP525-2-60, pp 30, 36

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    In the Islamic system of values and from the point of viewof Muslim fundamentalists, religion cannot be separatedfrom any aspect of life.

    Religion is omnipresent in every aspect of a Muslimindividual's private and social life from the economy tosocial relations.

    What does harm to the society is not religion - it is the wayin which some of the rulers take advantage of religion

    DR MEHDI KHAZALI, Iranian cleric

    Role of Islam in Society

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    Understanding Islam

    Islam Christian West

    Role of

    religionfor the

    believer

    The defining

    doctrine regulatingall aspects of

    personal behavior,

    family, political

    and economic life.

    An expression of

    private personalbelief.

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    Understanding Islam

    Islam Christian West

    View of

    government

    The world consists

    of one true faith

    divided into nations(Lewis,xx). There is

    no meaningful

    difference between

    political andreligious

    communities.

    Dualism -- The

    world is split into

    two spheres,political (secular)

    and religious. Since

    the Enlightenment:

    religion should notbe too prominent in

    politics.

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    Understanding Islam

    Islam Christian West

    View of

    religion

    The Quran is a single book

    written by one man. There are

    no rituals, sacraments or

    ordinations that can only be

    performed by priests -- no

    mediation between man an

    God.

    The Bible is the work of

    numerous men over a

    considerable time. There

    is a religious caste

    (priests) who either

    mediate for believers or

    perform certain holy rites.

    The Church is aninstitution that preserves

    the dogma of the faith.

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    Understanding Islam

    Islam Christian West

    View of

    society

    There is a polity that carries

    out the necessary functions of

    civic life, but it is also founded

    on principles derived from the

    Quran. This mirrors the

    practice of Muhammad, who

    was both a prophet and a

    political leader, merging twotraditions, the one authoritarian

    and quietest, the other radical

    and activist. (Lewis, 11)

    Society is a broad

    community of people in

    voluntary association who

    pursue common interests,

    preserve common ways of

    life and belief. Religion is

    only one of many factors

    that bind people together;numerous social sub-

    structures also support and

    nourish civic life.

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    Understanding Islam

    Islam Christian West

    View of

    the

    individual

    The individual is bound by a

    strict duty to observe

    religious law, participate in

    the great evangelistic work of

    the faith, and defend the

    honor of Muhammad, the

    Muslim faith and all those

    who profess them.

    Individuals may choose to

    bind themselves to a

    religious faith, or to no

    religion at all. Individuals

    should respect each

    others rights.

    most Muslim countries are still profoundly Muslim in

    a way and in a sense that most Christian countries are no

    longer Christian. (Lewis, 16)

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    What is Islamism?

    Literalism of Quran to all of society

    Islamic world decline due to loss of religious observanceand caliphate

    Moral and religious law enforcement Islamic state

    Western culture breeds materialism, atheism, selfishness,and decadence

    Separate from the west

    State of Israel is illegitimate and should be removed All Muslims should enroll in jihad to achieve these goals.

    Glorify martyrdom

    Islamist Perceptions &

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    Islamist Perceptions &

    Motivations?

    How would YOU feel if this was

    Kansas City, MO.?

    How would YOU feel if this was

    Cincinnati, OH?

    Baghdad, April 2003

    Baghdad, April 2003

    Are Islamist Motivations Different

    From Ours?

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    Madrassas/Wahhabism

    Wahhabi: 1750s reformer to an earlier

    purer Islam. Embraced and propagated

    by Saudi Arabia today in their educationsystem home and abroad. Saudi Arabia

    Academy in Alexandria, VA.

    Unity of Religion, Government, Military Examples: Pakistan, Egypt, Sudan

    Strong Fundamentalist Movements

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    Jihad Means Struggle.

    Jihad of the heart/soul is an inner struggle of good against evil in themind.

    Jihad by the tongue is a struggle of good against evil waged by writingand speech.

    Jihad by the pen and knowledge is a struggle for good against evilthrough scholarly study of Islam.

    Jihad by the hand refers to a struggle of good against evil waged byactions or with one's wealth, such as going on the Hajj pilgrimage (seen asthe best jihad for women), taking care of elderly parents, or politicalactivity for furthering the cause ofIslam.

    Jihad by the sword refers to qital fi sabilillah (armed fighting in the wayof God, or holy war), the most common usage by Salafi Muslims andoffshoots of the Muslim Brotherhood.

    5 Kinds of Jihad, but we mostly only hear about the last!

    J i i th Jih d Th

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj
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    Joining the Jihad: The

    conventional wisdom Do ideas cause people to join the jihad? People join terrorist organizations because they are:

    Poor

    Broken family background

    Ignorant (uneducated) Immature young men

    No skills

    No family or job responsibility

    Weak minds, vulnerable to brainwashing (madrassas, family or directappeal)

    Mentally ill

    Criminals

    Religious fanatics

    Evil

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    Joining the Jihad: The evidence

    Based on 400 subjects:

    2/3 from solid upper or middle class background

    Vast majority from intact caring family

    60% had some college education

    Average age was 26 years 3/4 were professional or semi-professional

    3/4 were married & most had children

    Half were religious children, only 13% were madrassa educated

    Only 1% had thought disorder (global base rate). Very littleevidence of personality disorder.

    Only European 2nd generation, immigrants & converts were pettycriminal

    The vast majority was not religious in early adulthood.

    J i i th jih d Wh t ll

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    Joining the jihad: What really

    counts

    Alienated from society 70% expatriates

    10% excluded second generation or immigrants

    Pre-existing social bonds Friendship: 68% bunch of guys making alienated

    young Muslims into fanatics joining together

    Kinship: 20%

    Worship: 10%

    Discipleship: 8%

    Bottom up activity: no top down recruitmentprogram

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    Becoming an Islamist terrorist

    Upwardly & geographically mobile people

    Mostly from religious caring & middle class families

    International people, conversant in 3 or 4 languages

    Skilled in computer technology Separated from traditional bonds & culture

    Homesick, lonely, marginalized sought new friends

    Drifted to mosques for companionship, not religion

    Moved in together, formed cliques (Bunch of Guys)

    Th M ti ti f th I di id l Jih di

    Inside The Jihadi Mind

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    Various and Complex

    Nothing to Lose

    Religious Duty

    Only Guarantee of Paradise

    The Motivation of the Individual Jihadi

    The Brutal Present The Idyllic Future

    http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/020814/170/21dk9.html
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    Goals of Islamists andJihadists

    Objective 1: Expel America andEstablish an Islamic Authority in Iraq

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    Establish an Islamic Authority in Iraq

    America departs Iraq prior to sufficient Iraqicapacity to provide security.

    Insurgents step up attacks against the

    government and make religious claims forregime change.

    Extremists overthrow the democraticgovernment of Iraq and replace it with aTaliban-like regime.

    United Nations issues a resolution, but doesnot commit to action.

    United States does not re-enter the conflict

    Attacks against the

    West Continue

    Extremists now have anEmirate in Iraq that serves

    as a base of operations from

    which they can revive the

    Caliphate.94

    Objective 2: Extend the Jihad Wave to NeighboringCountries

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    Extremists export their message and terroristacts throughout the middle east.

    Violence and extremist ideology underminegovernments of Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia,Kuwait and Egypt.

    Moderate governments collapse; Taliban-likeregimes take their place.

    Baghdad becomes the capital of the Caliphate.

    The revived Caliphate

    now turns its attention

    to the destruction of

    Israel

    Would Israeljoin the conflict?

    Would the U.S.

    re-enter the conflict?

    Attacks against the

    West Continue

    95

    Objective 3: Destroy Israel

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    j y

    Attacks against Israel intensify. United Nations issues resolution to stand down. Caliphate gains support within the Muslim world Caliphate attacks Israel

    At what point does

    the U.S. return

    to Middle East?

    Allies?

    Attacks against

    the West continue

    Extremists now poised

    to re-establish the

    historical Caliphate

    Might nuclear

    weapons be

    employed?

    96

    Objective 4: Establish thehistorical Caliphate

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    historical Caliphate

    This would require the defeat of the U. S.; how could that happen?

    The Caliphate calls for an uprising within the

    remaining Islamic states to join the restoration. Remaining Islamic states collapse from within.

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    Iraq has become the

    focus of the enemys

    effort. If they win

    in Iraq, they have a

    base from which to

    expand their terror

    Significant militant Islamist attacks against Americans

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    What was our response?

    We proved to the Middle East that we are weak.

    This, along with the defeat of the USSR in Afghanistan ledto the rise of Al Qaeda.

    OBL considers America a paper tiger that would after afew blows run in defeat. (TOEE, 149.)

    OBL is quoted as saying that the Marine withdraw fromBeirut signaled the decline of the American governmentand the weakness of the American soldier who is ready to

    wage cold wars and unprepared to fight long wars.

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    Al Qaeda's World View (1)

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    Al Qaeda s World View (1) Islam in mortal danger from the West; jihad a duty

    Recent events confirm al Qaeda's interpretation--Americans are the new Mongols:

    U.S. troops still in Saudi Arabia

    U.S. remains in Afghanistan U.S. establishing bases in the Middle East, Gulf,

    Central and South Asia

    Pakistan, America's puppet, has abandoned true

    path to join the oppressors

    Al Qaeda's World View (2)

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    Al Qaeda s World View (2) U.S. occupies Iraq, threatens Syria, Iran

    Palestine occupied--supported Zionists

    Western corruption threatens Muslim souls

    Jihad is the antidote

    U.S. is thus a threat and an opportunity--hostile to Islam,supports local tyrants, but also provides common enemy and

    basis for unity

    Action will awaken, demonstrate, instruct, inspire, bring about

    spiritual revival, foster unity

    A powerful message whose appeal thrives on failure,

    humiliation, and anger

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    Introduction to Al Qaeda Thought

    12-12-2001 statement (Ayman al-Zawahiri)

    The need to inflict the maximum casualties against theopponent, for this is the language understood by the West,no matter how much time and effort such operations take.

    Tracking down the Americans and Jews is not impossible.Killing them with a single bullet, a stab, or a device madeup of a popular mix of explosives, or hitting them with aniron rod is not impossible. Burning down their property

    with Molotov cocktails is not difficult. With the availablemeans, small groups could prove to be a frightening horrorfor the Americans and Jews.

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    The ruling to kill the Americans and their

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    gallies -- civilians and military -- is an

    individual duty for every Muslim who cando it in any country in which it is possibleto do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa

    Mosque and the holy mosque [Mecca]from their grip, and in order for theirarmies to move out of all the lands of

    Islam, defeated and unable to threatenany Muslim. World Islamic Front Statement 23 Feb 1998

    Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

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    This is in accordance with the words ofAlmighty Allah, "and fight the pagans alltogether as they fight you all together,"

    and "fight them until there is no moretumult or oppression, and there prevail

    justice and faith in Allah."

    World Islamic Front Statement 23 Feb 1998

    Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

    Past Terrorist Attacks by Al Qaeda

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    yFebruary 26, 1993

    New York City, New YorkWorld Trade Center Bombing

    Kuwaiti man, Ramzi Yousef, andat least three other menplanted a car bomb in the

    garage of the World TradeCenter, hoping that the blastwould topple one tower intothe other as well as spreadcyanide gas across town

    killing thousands.

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    Ramzi Yousef

    After being captured in Pakistan, he was flown intoStewart Airport in Newburgh, New York, and thentransferred to an FBI helicopter for the trip to theMetropolitan Correctional Center next to Federal Plaza in

    Lower Manhattan. Two huge guys carried him off theplane, shackled and blindfolded After we got airborneand were flying down the Hudson River, one of the SWATguys asks me, Can we take off his blindfold? It tookYousef a minute to focus his eyes. Ironically, thehelicopter was alongside the World Trade Center. TheSWAT guy gives him a nudge and says, You see, its stillstanding. And Yousef says, It wouldnt be if we hadmore money. (The Looming Tower, pg. 357. Emphasis

    Added)

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    1993 WTC Bombing

    Rationale: Leader of a terroristcell heeding the call of Jihadon the U.S.

    Result: 6 people dead, 1000injured, Towers stayedupright and the cyanide gasevaporated in the heat of theexplosion.

    Ramzi Yousef wassentencedto life in prison on January 8,1998

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    Past Terrorist Attacks

    August 7, 1998

    Kenya and Tanzania

    American Embassy Bombings

    Suicide bomb attacks at twodifferent embassieshundreds of miles apart, butwithin minutes of each other.

    First recognized acts of AlQaeda, a network of

    terrorists led and supportedby Osama bin Laden, aSaudi Arabian millionaire.

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    Embassy Bombings

    Rationale: Response to acall for Jihad on theU.S.

    Result: 12 people dead,224 injured

    Osama bin Laden becamea recognized name and

    hit the FBIs Top TenMost Wanted Men

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    Past Terrorist Attacks

    October 12, 2000

    Yemen naval port

    Bombing of the U.S.S. Cole

    Two men, later linked to Al Qaeda,

    sailed a small boat full ofexplosives next to the U.S.S.Cole, detonating the bomb.

    Leaving a 20 x 40 foot hole in theside of the ship.

    Rationale: Goal was to sink the

    ship and lower U.S. moraleResult: 17 sailors dead, 39 injured

    No one has been held accountable,added to the list of grievancesagainst and crimes of Osama binLaden

    1. The Events of 9/11

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    On a beautiful clear day in September

    1. The Events of 9/11

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    On a beautiful, clear day in September . . .

    Four planes hijacked; three flown into office buildings in NYC and DC

    NYC attacks (2nd plane crash) shown on live television; American attention riveted;other tv shows replaced by 9/11 coverage

    All airplanes grounded; schools closed; sports cancelled

    WTC towers collapse, shown on live television

    Close coverage of whereabouts of Pres. Bush, other national leaders

    Lots of commentary and questions; few informed answers; lots of emotion,Congressional Representatives spontaneously singing patriotic songs on the steps ofCapitol Hill

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    2. The Psychological Impact of 9/11

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    http://www.newyorkmetro.com/news/articles/wtc/gallery/18.htm
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    Common Themes in the Research on 9/11 Psychological Impact

    2. The Psychological Impact

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    Living closer to the attack scene, direct personal loss, and children were more likelyto exhibit symptoms of PTSD

    Sadness was the most frequent reaction among New Yorkers, followed byanxiety and fear

    Almost 20% of Americans across the country reported symptoms of distress

    constant news coverage, replays of video footage showing the second plane

    hitting the World Trade Center, helped all Americans feel closer to the event

    Americans did not withdraw from others

    Stress and uncertainty produces social behaviors: people seek out others,perhaps to enhance social support, or to help to affirm ones cultural view of theworld and the threat (Brandon & Silke)

    Increased participation in religious services, memorials, vigils

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    3. The Economic Impact of 9/11

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    Confusion/Disagreement on Total Economic Impact

    3. The Economic Impact

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    g p

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    NY City Economic Impact

    Total Loss $83 billion(NYC partnership & Chamber ofCommerce: Nov 2001)

    Total Cost $54 billion(NY Governor: Oct 2001)

    WTC Replacement Cost & Cleanup$25~29 billion

    (FEB NY: April 2002) Total Cost $83 billion (quoting

    NYCP-COC) but $67 billion coveredby Insurance(US GAO: May 2002)

    NY City Jobs Lost 108,500, 115,300, 105,200, 125,000,84,000, 78,200, 129,000.

    NY State Jobs Lost

    99,000 in 2001, 78,000 in 2002,77,000in 2003(NYS Senate Finance Committee:DRI-WEFA: January 2002)

    Resulted at peak loss of78,200(DRI-WEFA: March 2002)

    50,000 immediately, 70,000 in 4th

    Quarter Much of this loss is likelylinked to WTC attack(FEB NY: April 2002)

    Immediate and Short-Term Economic Impacts

    3. The Economic Impact

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    Immediate and Short Term Economic Impacts

    Financial Sector 40% of WTC casualties NYSE, NYME closed

    Aviation Sector planes grounded for a week or more 20% drop in passengers

    100,000 jobs lost; several airlines went bankrupt

    Insurance Sector loss of life and property estimated at $40-$50 billion

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    Immediate and Short-Term Economic Impacts

    3. The Economic Impact

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    Immediate and Short Term Economic Impacts

    Other industries were also badly affected, such as hotels, tourism,automobile rentals, travel agents, and civilian aircraft manufactures.

    Hotels reported higher vacancy rates and employment in the sector asa whole fell by 58,000 (about 3%) in October and November, 2001

    Nearly 18,000 businesses were dislocated, disrupted or destroyed bythe attacks

    Also, over 300 firefighters and nearly 100 policeman were killed

    while trying to evacuate the World Trade Center before it collapsed

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    Longer-Term Economic Impacts

    3. The Economic Impact

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    Longer Term Economic Impacts

    Federal Reserve cut interest rates aggressively

    Special financing incentives offered by the automobile companies ledto record motor vehicle sales for October 2001

    Securities market was only closed for four days, opening again afterthe telecommunications network in lower Manhattan becameoperational.

    Stock market re-opened on September 17th; within 19 trading days,

    the S&P 500 index had bounced back to its pre-September 11th level

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    Longer-Term Economic Impacts

    3. The Economic Impact

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    Longer Term Economic Impacts

    New York City lost a significant amount of its office space and anumber of businesses ceased to exist.

    Close to 200,000 jobs were destroyed or relocated to other cities

    34.5 million square feet of office space lost

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    Longer-Term Economic Impacts

    3. The Economic Impact

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    City-wide impact; airports and midtown hotels not just south of Canal Street

    Low-income workers bore the brunt (60%)

    People of color and immigrants (56%) hard hit

    Chinatown, economic ground zero, and other poor communities heavily affected

    Insurance costs have risen on average 33% since 2001

    Diversion of resources and capacity toward security-related products and services

    Short-term direct impacts were not as significant as the financial costs of the long-term response that is still underway

    AB95-5.PPT//##

    3. The Economic Impact

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    Bottom Line

    9/11 events inflicted severe and immediate physical impacts to all businesses,government offices, and other organizations located in and around the WTCcomplex.

    This event involved dead, injured, missing, physically displaced and traumatized

    employees, losses of data, information, and institutional knowledge, and anunprecedented uncertainty in market behavior

    AB95-5.PPT//##

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    Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two

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    Different Worlds

    December 7, 1941

    The purpose of the Japanese attack on

    Pearl Harbor was to destroy U.S.

    military capabilities in the Pacific

    Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two

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    Different Worlds September 11, 2001

    The 9-11 attacks were designed for drama. They

    were a tragedy performed on a subnational level,

    with the purpose of murdering thousands of people

    to create an aura of fear The goal of the September 11 terrorists was not

    one of conventional military strategy. Its purpose

    was to create so much feat that Western institutions

    would change their behavior

    The terrorists of September 11 were attacking

    globalization while America was defending state

    power

    Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two

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    Different Worlds

    The new style of conflict

    Jihadists are not attacking state power;

    they are attacking the idea of Western,

    and particularly American culture

    Modern terrorism is aimed at the

    infrastructure of everyday life and the

    symbols that define that structure

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    Madrid

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    Madrid

    London July 2005

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    London July 2005

    The 7 July 2005 London bombings were a seriesof coordinated bomb blasts that struck London'spublic transport system during the morning rushhour.

    At 8:50 a.m. three bombs exploded within 50seconds of each other on three LondonUnderground trains.

    A fourth bomb exploded on a bus nearly an hour

    later. 56 people, including the 4 bombers, were killed

    About 700 people were injured

    August 2006 England

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    August 2006 - England

    Great Britain arrested more than 20individuals

    Plotting to detonate liquid explosivesaboard flights from the United Kingdom tothe United States.

    They planned to bring the components of

    their explosives on board in their carry-onluggage, disguised as bottled drinks andelectronic devices.

    July 2007 England

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    July 2007 - England

    Failed terrorist attempts (carbombings) in Glasgow and London Eight have links with the British National

    Health Service. The BBC indicated thatseven are doctors, medical students and alaboratory technician.

    The eight people who have been arrestedin Australia, England and Scotland allworked in National Health Hospitals.

    Why?

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    Why?

    The 1998 Fatwa

    Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

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    Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

    The fatwa lists three "crimesand sins" committed by theAmericans:

    1. U.S. military occupation ofthe Arabian Peninsula.

    2. U.S. aggression against the

    Iraqi people.3. U.S. support of Israel

    1. U.S. Military Occupation of the

    Arabian Peninsula

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    Arabian Peninsula.

    First, for over seven years the United States has beenoccupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, theArabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to itsrulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, andturning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead throughwhich to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples.

    If some people have in the past argued about the fact ofthe occupation, all the people of the Peninsula have nowacknowledged it. The best proof of this is the Americans'continuing aggression against the Iraqi people using thePeninsula as a staging post, even though all its rulers are

    against their territories being used to that end, but they arehelpless.

    -1998 Fatwa, February 23, 1998

    2. U.S. Aggression Against the

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    Iraqi People. Second, despite the great devastation inflicted on

    the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance,and despite the huge number of those killed,

    which has exceeded 1 million... despite all this, theAmericans are once against trying to repeat thehorrific massacres, as though they are not contentwith the protracted blockade imposed after the

    ferocious war or the fragmentation anddevastation.

    -1998 Fatwa, February 23, 1998

    3 US Support of Israel

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    3. US Support of Israel

    Third, if the Americans' aims behind these wars arereligious and economic, the aim is also to serve the Jews'petty state and divert attention from its occupation ofJerusalem and murder of Muslims there. The best proof of

    this is their eagerness to destroy Iraq, the strongestneighboring Arab state, and their endeavor to fragment allthe states of the region such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt,and Sudan into paper statelets and through their disunionand weakness to guarantee Israel's survival and the

    continuation of the brutal crusade occupation of thePeninsula.

    -1998 Fatwa, February 23, 1998

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    Why study Bin Laden?

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    Why study Bin Laden?

    OSB is responsible for multiple attacks on US targetsat home and abroad

    OSB is not the leader of all Islamic extremists, but he

    has become an inspiration to many of them

    OSB has given us many concise statements as to his

    grievances

    OSB wants to kill YOU!!!!!

    He is more dangerous that most countries. If theyattack we know where to get them, not so for OBL

    Main Themes of Bin Ladens Rhetoric

    1 Th U i d S i h i f

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    1. The United States is the main enemy of

    Islam.2. Islam has been betrayed from within by

    Muslim governments who have beencorrupted.

    3. The Jihad is self defense!

    4. Bin Laden is a motivator of all Muslims, nottheir leader.

    5. All weapons are on the table.

    -Taken from Through Our Enemies Eyes: Osama bin Laden,

    Radical Islam, and the Future of America,

    Osama bin Laden

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    Osama bin Laden

    Saudi born

    One of 52 Sons and Daughters fathered

    by Mohammed bin Laden with 22

    different wives. (Wright, The Looming

    Tower, 82)

    Heir to bin Laden construction company

    Westernized until his teens

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    Bin Ladens war: the

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    beginnings 1979-Soviet forces arrive in Afghanistan to

    support communist forces who had taken power ina coup a year earlier.

    Resistance against the Soviet forces soon becamea jihad, a holy struggle to evict an atheistinvader from a Muslim country

    Pakistan and Saudi Arabia were the largest

    backers of this jihad. The Saudis provided thefunds, and Pakistan provided the training camps.Thousands of youth from across the Muslim worldflocked to join this jihad

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    Among them was Osama Bin Laden, the

    son of a wealthy construction industry

    businessman.

    Bin Laden, born in 1957, was the 17th of

    his fathers 57 children. He studied business

    administration and then Islamic studies at

    King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah.

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    Bin Ladens father was one of many who providedfunds for the Afghan mujahideen, and Bin Ladenbegan visiting the area in 1980.

    By 1982, he settled down in Peshawar, Pakistan,the main centre for the Afghan mujahideen. Hebrought in engineers from his company, and builtroads and other buildings for the fighters

    The CIAs role

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    The CIA s role

    By the early 1980, the CIA had begun funding andarming the mujahideen against the Soviet Union.

    The CIA, with the help of the Pakistaniintelligence services and Saudi money, set uptraining camps, poured large amounts of moneyand weapons into the region.

    In 1986, his company built a huge CIA financedunderground tunnel and storage complex for the

    mujahideen Between 1982 and 1992 an estimated 35,000

    young Muslims from all over the world weretrained in these camps.

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    I settled in Pakistan in theAfghan border region. There Ireceived volunteers who camefrom the Saudi kingdom andall over the Arab and Muslimcountries.

    I set up my first camp where

    these volunteers were trainedby American and Pakistaniofficers. The weapons weresupplied by the Americans, themoney by the Saudis.

    Osama bin Laden in an interviewto AFP, 27 August 1998

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    1989, Bin Laden forms his own group, known as AlQaeda, or the base. Using his own money,as well asmoney from Saudi Arabia, the organisation grows, andattracts Arab militants

    In 1990, after the Soviet withdrawal, Bin Laden returns toSaudi Arabia and works in the family business. He alsosets up a welfare organisation for Arab veterans of theAfghan war.

    Most importantly, OBL returned home with an addressbook containing the names of everybody who was anybodyin Islamic activism and guerrilla warfare in his pocket.(TOEE, 117.)

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    In 1991, after Iraqs invasion of Kuwait Bin Laden

    wanted the Saudi royal family to create a force of Afghanwar veterans to fight Saddam. Instead, the Saudis allowedUS forces to be based in Saudi Arabia

    Bin Laden was furious about US troops would be based

    so closed to the sacred sites of Mecca and Medina. Hecriticized the Saudi royal family for allowing nonMuslims to be based in the country.

    His view is widely accepted in the Arab world.

    Never has Islam suffered a greater disaster than thisinvasion. OBL

    The Saudi royal family revokes Bin Ladens citizenship

    Bin Laden in Sudan and Afghanistan 1992, Bin Laden moves to Sudan, where he helps an Islamic revolution

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    punder Hassan Turabi.

    He uses his money to fund Islamic militants and gets together more Arabveterans from Afghanistan and runs construction projects.

    OBL funds Muslim fighters in Somalia and sends at least 250 of his ownmen to aid in the fight against the US.

    Somalis received some expert guidance [on the use of rocket propelledgrenades] from Islamic soldiers smuggled in form Sudan, who had

    experience fighting Russian helicopters in Afghanistan. (Mark Bowen,Black Hawk Down)

    By now, he has begun the attract the attention of the US as a financier ofterrorist organisations

    Saudi Arabia and the US put pressure on Sudan to give Bin Laden up. He

    leaves for Afghanistan in 1996, where he is welcomed by the Taliban 1998 Bin Laden issues a call for jihad against the US in the middle east

    By 1999 he is on FBIs 10 Most Wanted List

    Did Bush and Clinton drop the

    b ll?

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    ball? We had many chances to kill OBL in the 1990s, but chose not

    to.

    February 2001, the director of the CIA told Congress that OBLwas the USs top national security threat.

    Some Bush insiders say that Bush was only concerned withIraq and Iran and never paid any attention to the threat posedby OBL and other terrorists.

    August 6, 2001- President Bush received a briefing entitledBin Laden determined to strike in US.

    Even by the standards of the terrorist involved, the scale ofassault [on September 11, 2001] was unimaginable. The point,though, is that we didnt even try to find out what was headedour way. Robert Baer, See No Evil.

    Character Traits of Bin Laden

    http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/10/august6.memo/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/10/august6.memo/
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    From Through Our Enemies Eyes

    Personal Responsibility- He truly feels he is doinghis job by waging Jihad against America.

    Piety- OBL is a devout Muslim. Gave up a life ofriches to live with commoners and wage jihadagainst us.

    Professionalism- Businesslike in running AlQaeda. His looks make us think he is anuneducated, anti-modern, crazy man, when this is

    the exact opposite. Courageous- Wounded at least twice fighting in

    Afghanistan

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    How is OBL viewed today?

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    How is OBL viewed today?

    Many throughout the world, notjust Muslims, respect OBLbecause he has not backed down.

    He has become one of the greatwarriors in the history of Islam.

    Wherever Muslims are introuble, it seems, Usama BinLaden will be there, slayingenemies, real or perceived. Amodern nightmare really- a bigscreen villain, a free-lancer withthe resources of a state, butwithout all the nasty obligations.(John Miller as quoted in TOEE,189.)

    The West has pretty muchdecided that bin Laden is aserious threat only because he isa trigger-happy nut,psychopath, or violence proneyoungster who never grew up.TOEE, p. 300

    Muslims The West

    Excerpt from Through Our

    E i E 196

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    Enemies Eyes, pg. 196. Bin Laden, however has no fixed address. When American military

    might comes calling the odds are Bin Lade, like Muhammad Ali,will float like a Muslim butterfly and live to sting another day likethe prophets bee. All this is to say that it is counterintuitive forHizballah and Iran- and Sudan and Iraq, for that matter- to

    deliberately put their heads on the chopping block with al Qaedawhey they derive the same benefit by doing nothing. Al Qaedaalready has killed Americans, embarrassed Washington by forcingU.S. leaders into a war of words with a Saudi they cannot find,increased anti-Americanism among Muslims, caused the UnitedStates to spend $1.4 billion for security upgrades for its embassies

    and double its counterterrorism budget in five years, and put USforces in Saudi Arabia into isolated desert cantonments at aprolonged and enervating state of alert. All this is in the interest ofHizballah and Iran and, to date, they have benefited at no cost tothemselves.

    Bin Laden is not crazy!

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    Bin Laden is not crazy!

    Americans feel we areright and do not seeourselves as a threat.

    When someonedoesnt like us or ourpolicies, we considerthat they must be

    demented.

    Bin Ladens publicstatements have beenclear, concise and

    logical. In other words, he has

    basically told us whathe will do (not

    specifically) and why. Yet we continue to

    ignore his threats!

    What our government doesnt tell us! Why did bin Laden attack us? Most important his words

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    Why did bin Laden attack us?

    Many times, government officials say

    that bin Laden attacked us because ofwho we are, how we live and what webelieve in.

    Americans are asking, why do theyhate us? They hate what we see righthere in this chamber -- ademocratically elected

    government. Their leaders are self-appointed. They hate our freedoms --our freedom of religion, our freedomof speech, our freedom to vote andassemble and disagree with eachother. President Bush, September20,2001

    This is a blatant lie. Bin Laden attacked us for what wehave done, not who we are.

    Most important, his wordsleave no room to doubt that

    Americans are beingattacked for what they doin the Islamic world, notfor how they think, live orgovern themselves.-

    Scheuer, TOEE, pg. x. The focused and lethal

    threat(comes) from theirplausible perception thatthe things they love and

    value- God, Islam, theirbrethren, and Muslim landsare being attacked byAmerica. Scheuer, IH, 9.

    Bin Ladens threat.

    Even though most of us had If he had the wherewithal to

    kill Americans and attack

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    Even though most of us hadnever heard of OBL before

    9/11/01, the CIA, FBI, and manyother government agencies wereaware of him and his threat.

    Besides 9/11, OBL has beenbehind many attacks on USinterests throughout the world.

    In response, the United Statesnever seemed to take bin Ladentoo seriously, let alone accept thefact that our nation was in thepath of real danger. (Scheuer,

    xvii.)

    kill Americans and attackU.S. targets he would do so,

    but he doesnt..Hes seriousabout wanting to killAmericans, but as long as hesin Afghanistan, as long as hedoesnt have access to a cell

    phone,. His ability to planand conduct terroristoperations is extremelylimited.Anonymous US

    official, 1999.

    He is responsible for attackson US interests all over theworld.

    We are the enemy! The Christian West is Islams

    main enemy. The Islamic world, just like 1,000

    years ago stands at a critical

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    main enemy.

    We are the leader of an unholy

    alliance that includes manyEuropean countries, India,China, etc.

    Bin Laden portraysAmericans and their allies as

    inhuman creatures that thirstfor Muslim blood, delight ingore, and aim to annihilate theIslamic world. (Scheuer, 47)

    Calls us Crusaders. Trying

    to rekindle Muslim memory ofCrusades in the Middle Ages.

    years ago stands at a criticaljuncture in history, threatened by

    a phased plan by the Judeo-Christian conspiracy togradually de-Islamicize andoccupy the Muslim holy places inthe Arabian Peninsula.-Professor Manstorp.

    According to OBL and others,

    there is no difference between youand a US Soldier.

    The [Americans] are a peoplewhose president becomes morepopular when he kills innocent

    people If the majority of people

    support their dissolute president,this means the American peopleare fighting us and we have aright to target them. OBL, 1999.

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    Self Defense OBL sees Islam and the

    Muslim world are beingF ili ???????

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    w a gattacked by a more modern,

    powerful, and predatoryversion of the medievalCatholic Crusaders(Scheuer, 54)

    Therefore it is everyMuslims duty to fight todefend their religion andculture. (Total War)

    According to OBL it is the

    duty of every Muslim tokill Americans and destroyor steal their property andmoney. (Scheuer, 60)

    Familiar???????

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    Alls Fair! Bin Laden is looking for a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon

    (CBRN).

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    (CBRN).

    I would say that acquiring (CBRN) weapons for the defense of Muslims is a

    religious duty. OBL Bin Laden is not interested in using a CBRN weapon to terrorize his foes; he isseeking a first strike capability. (Scheuer, 72.)

    Killing Muslim civilians is an unfortunate, but acceptable effect of using a CBRNagainst the Crusaders.

    Killing them with a single bullet, a stab, or device made up of a popular mix ofexplosives or hitting them with an iron rod is not impossible. Burning down their

    property with Molotov cocktails is not difficult. With the available mean, smallgroups could prove to be a frightening horror for the Americans and the Jews.-Ayamen Zawahiri

    Osama bin Laden sees heroin as a powerful new weapon in his war against theWest that is capable of wreaking social havoc while generating huge profits.Washington Times, 1998.

    OBL sees our dropping of atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki asexamples of Americas disregard for human life. (Scheuer, 49.)

    Did the U.S. forget.. what it did to the residents of Hiroshima andNagasaki?- OBL

    Bin Ladens Followers

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    Why are many young peoplewilling to killthemselves to strike America?- David P. Baugh,defense attorney for African Embassy bomber.

    Because they believe in bin Laden and they agreewith his message the Islam is under attack by the

    West. They too see American as the Evil Empire.

    Bin Laden has become a pan-Arab hero becausethe Arab and Muslim peoples are yearning to any

    voice that says no to the United States.- Muntasiral-Zayyat

    Strategy and Recruitment

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    gy Recruitment and propaganda efforts

    Video and audio tapes, CD-Roms, DVDs and the Internet

    Key themes of al Qaeda recruitment:

    The West is implacably hostile to Islam

    Only language the West understands is violence

    Jihad is the only option

    9/11 was a tremendous victory (U.S. economy was destroyed and the

    course of history was changed)

    U.S. is a paper tiger on the verge of financial ruin and total collapse

    Patience and steadfastness are required

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    War on Iraq

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    q Our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors

    or enemies, but as liberators. ... It is [not] the wish of [our]government to impose upon you alien institutions. ... [It is ourwish] that you should prosper even as in the past, when yourlands were fertile, when your ancestors gave to the world

    literature, science, and art, and when Baghdad city was one ofthe wonders of the world. ... It is [our] hope that the aspirationsof your philosophers and writers shall be realized and that onceagain the people of Baghdad shall flourish, enjoying their wealthand substance under institutions which are in consonance with

    their sacred laws and their racial ideals. -- General F. S. Maude to the people of Mesopotamia, March 19,

    1917

    War on IraqTh t f I d th f t f t

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    q The government of Iraq, and the future of your country,

    will soon belong to you. ... We will end a brutal regime... so that Iraqis can live in security. We will respectyour great religious traditions, whose principles ofequality and compassion are essential to Iraq's future.We will help you build a peaceful and representative

    government that protects the rights of all citizens. Andthen our military forces will leave. Iraq will go forwardas a unified, independent, and sovereign nation that hasregained a respected place in the world. You are a goodand gifted people -- the heirs of a great civilization thatcontributes to all humanity.

    -- President George W. Bush to the people of Iraq,April 4, 2003

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    America's Invasion of Iraq Is a Gift (2) How long can the Americans stay? It took a

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    decade to convince the Soviets, but American's

    have even less spine or stomach for losses.Will they last until 2013 with 6,000 dead?

    Once they depart to live in angry isolation,

    chaos will ensue in Iraq giving jihad new space

    The apostate regimes of the Gulf will trembleand fall

    Proves to many non radical Muslims that the

    U.S. is greedy and is just out to plunder the

    resources of the Muslim world.

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