islam&science (1)

8/8/2019 Islam&Science (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/islamscience-1 1/24

Quranuran and Modernnd ModernSc iencec ience

Dr. Al Zeiny, Ph.D. in Civil EngineeringDr. Al Zeiny, Ph.D. in Civil Engineering

KoranicKoranic School GraduateSchool Graduate

Assistant Professor of Civil EngineeringAssistant Professor of Civil EngineeringUniversity of EvansvilleUniversity of Evansville



The Pioneerhe Pioneer

The first person thatThe first person thatexplored this subjectexplored this subjectwas a Frenchwas a Frenchscientist calledscientist called

MauriceMaurice BucailleBucaille ““The Bible, theThe Bible, the

Qur'anQur'an and scienceand science:: the Holy Scripturesthe Holy Scriptures

examined in the lightexamined in the lightof modernof modernknowledgeknowledge””



The Shape of Mount a inshe Shape of Mount a ins

All ancient books and dictionaries define mountains as either a pile ofrock on the earth or a wrinkle in the earth crust

Quran is the only ancient book that defines the shape of mountains asPegs "Have We not made the earth as a bed and the mountains its

pegs?" (The Qur'an, 78:6-7)

1/3 of themountain heightis above thesurface of theearth

2/3 is below thesurface of theearth

This crosssection is fromthe USGS website



Role of Mount a inso le of Mount a ins

Where continents are thicker, as in mountain ranges, the crust sWhere continents are thicker, as in mountain ranges, the crust sinksinksdeeper into the mantle. Reference (General Science, Carolyn Sheedeeper into the mantle. Reference (General Science, Carolyn Sheets,ts,Robert Gardner, Samuel F. Howe;Robert Gardner, Samuel F. Howe; AllynAllyn and Bacon Inc. Newton,and Bacon Inc. Newton,Massachusetts, 1985, s. 305)Massachusetts, 1985, s. 305)

This role of the mountains is pointed out by a comparison with "This role of the mountains is pointed out by a comparison with "pegs"pegs"



The Role o f Mount a inshe Role o f Mount a ins Theory of tectonic platesTheory of tectonic plates

defines the role of mountainsdefines the role of mountainsis to stabilize the earth crustis to stabilize the earth crust

Mountains clench the plates inMountains clench the plates inthe Earth's crust together bythe Earth's crust together by

extending above and beneathextending above and beneaththe Earth's surface at thethe Earth's surface at theconjunction points of theseconjunction points of theseplates. In this way, they fix theplates. In this way, they fix theEarth's crust, and prevent itEarth's crust, and prevent itfrom drifting over the magmafrom drifting over the magma

stratum or among its plates.stratum or among its plates.Briefly, we may likenBriefly, we may likenmountains to nails that keepmountains to nails that keeppieces of wood togetherpieces of wood together

This fixing function of the mountains is described in scientificThis fixing function of the mountains is described in scientific literatureliteratureby the term "by the term "isostasyisostasy““

IsostasyIsostasy is the general equilibrium in the Earth's crust maintained by ais the general equilibrium in the Earth's crust maintained by ayielding flow of rock material beneath the surface under gravitayielding flow of rock material beneath the surface under gravitationaltionalstress. (Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary, 2. editionstress. (Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary, 2. edition

""IsostasyIsostasy", New York, s. 975)", New York, s. 975)



Role o f Mount a inso le of Mount a ins

"We placed firmly embedded mountains on the earth, so it would n"We placed firmly embedded mountains on the earth, so it would not move underot move underthem..." (Thethem..." (The Qur'anQur'an, 21:31), 21:31)

““And He has set up on the earth mountains standing firm, lest itAnd He has set up on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shakeshould shakewith you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves (Thwith you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves (Thee Qur'anQur'an, 16:15), 16:15)

Other places in theOther places in the QuranQuran (13:3, 15:19, 27:61, 31:10, 41:10, 50:7, 27:77)(13:3, 15:19, 27:61, 31:10, 41:10, 50:7, 27:77)



Subduct ionubduc t ion Zoneone

and Dec rease ofnd Dec rease of

Landand Land is decreasing due to theLand is decreasing due to the

movements of tectonic platesmovements of tectonic plates

DonDon’’t they See that We graduallyt they See that We graduallyreduce the land from its outlyingreduce the land from its outlyingboundaries? Where God commands,boundaries? Where God commands,there is none to put back His commandthere is none to put back His command((QuranQuran 13:41)13:41)

Indeed we gave the good things of thisIndeed we gave the good things of thislife to these men and their fathers untillife to these men and their fathers untilthe period grew long for them; donthe period grew long for them; don’’ttthey see our ability in reducing the landthey see our ability in reducing the landfrom its outlying borders? Is it then theyfrom its outlying borders? Is it then theywho will win? (who will win? (QuranQuran 21:44)21:44)



Tec t onic Plat esec t onic Plat es



Dark ness in t he Oc eansark ness in t he Oc eans

and Seasnd Seas

The darkness in deep seas andThe darkness in deep seas and

oceans is found around a depthoceans is found around a depthof 200 meters and below. At thisof 200 meters and below. At thisdepth, there is almost no light.depth, there is almost no light.Below a depth of 1000 metersBelow a depth of 1000 metersthere is no light at all. (Elder,there is no light at all. (Elder,

Danny; and JohnDanny; and John PernettaPernetta, 1991,, 1991,Oceans, London, MitchellOceans, London, MitchellBeazley Publishers, s. 27)Beazley Publishers, s. 27)

"Or like the darkness of a deep"Or like the darkness of a deep

sea which is covered by wavessea which is covered by wavesabove which are waves aboveabove which are waves abovewhich are clouds, layers ofwhich are clouds, layers ofdarkness, one upon the other. Ifdarkness, one upon the other. Ifhe puts out his hand, he can nothe puts out his hand, he can notsee it" (Thesee it" (The Qur'anQur'an, 24:40), 24:40)



The Seas Not Ming l ing Wi t hhe Seas Not Ming l ing Wi t h

One Anot herne Anot her This property of the seas, that they comeThis property of the seas, that they come

together yet do not mingle with onetogether yet do not mingle with oneanother at all, has only very recently beenanother at all, has only very recently beendiscovered by oceanographers. Becausediscovered by oceanographers. Becauseof the physical force called "surfaceof the physical force called "surfacetension", the waters of neighboring seastension", the waters of neighboring seasdo not mix. Caused by the difference in thedo not mix. Caused by the difference in thedensity of their waters, surface tensiondensity of their waters, surface tensionprevents them from mingling with oneprevents them from mingling with oneanother, just as if a thin wall were betweenanother, just as if a thin wall were betweenthem. (Davis, Richard A., Jr. 1972,them. (Davis, Richard A., Jr. 1972,Principles of Oceanography, Don Mills,Principles of Oceanography, Don Mills,Ontario, AddisonOntario, Addison--Wesley Publishing, s. 92Wesley Publishing, s. 92--93.)93.)

There are large waves, strong currents, and tides in the MediterThere are large waves, strong currents, and tides in the Mediterranean Searanean Seaand the Atlantic Ocean. Mediterranean Sea water enters the Atlanand the Atlantic Ocean. Mediterranean Sea water enters the Atlantic bytic byGibraltar. But their temperature, salinity, and densities do notGibraltar. But their temperature, salinity, and densities do not change, becausechange, becauseof the barrier that separates them There are large waves, strongof the barrier that separates them There are large waves, strong currents, andcurrents, andtides in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Mediterratides in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Mediterranean Seanean Seawater enters the Atlantic by Gibraltar. But their temperature, swater enters the Atlantic by Gibraltar. But their temperature, salinity, andalinity, and

densities do not change, because of the barrier that separates tdensities do not change, because of the barrier that separates themhem



Mar ine Bar r iers in t hear ine Bar r iers in t he Quranuran

"He has let loose the two seas, converging together, with a"He has let loose the two seas, converging together, with a

barrier between them they do not break through." (Thebarrier between them they do not break through." (The Qur'anQur'an,,55:1955:19--20)20)

It is He Who has let free the two bodies of flowing water: oneIt is He Who has let free the two bodies of flowing water: onepalatable and sweet, and the other salt and bitter; yet has Hepalatable and sweet, and the other salt and bitter; yet has Hemade a barrier between them, a partition that is forbidden to bemade a barrier between them, a partition that is forbidden to bepassed (Thepassed (The Qur'anQur'an 25:53)25:53)

Who has made the earth firm to live in; made rivers in it; setWho has made the earth firm to live in; made rivers in it; set

thereon mountains to stabilize it, and made a separating barrierthereon mountains to stabilize it, and made a separating barrierbetween the two bodies of flowing water? Can there be anotherbetween the two bodies of flowing water? Can there be anotherGod besides Allah? Nay, most of them know not (TheGod besides Allah? Nay, most of them know not (The Qur'anQur'an27:61)27:61)



Breat h ing Get s Morereat h ing Get s More

Di f f ic u l t as You Fly Higheri f f ic u l t as You Fly Higher

As you fly higher, the air has less andAs you fly higher, the air has less andless oxygen and breathing gets moreless oxygen and breathing gets moredifficult. You may feel that your breast isdifficult. You may feel that your breast is

constrainedconstrained And Those Whom God wants to keepAnd Those Whom God wants to keep

astray, He makes their breast close andastray, He makes their breast close and

constricted, as if they had to climb up toconstricted, as if they had to climb up tothe skies; this is the penalty of those whothe skies; this is the penalty of those whorefuse to believe (refuse to believe (QuranQuran 6:125)6:125)



The Region That Cont ro lshe Region That Cont ro ls

Our Movem ent sur Movem ent s The motivation and the foresight to plan andThe motivation and the foresight to plan and

initiate movements occur in the anterior portion ofinitiate movements occur in the anterior portion ofthe frontal lobes, the prefrontal area. This is athe frontal lobes, the prefrontal area. This is aregion of association cortexregion of association cortex……(Seeley, Rod R.;(Seeley, Rod R.;Trent D. Stephens; and Philip Tate, 1996,Trent D. Stephens; and Philip Tate, 1996,Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2. edition,Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2. edition,St. Louis,St. Louis, MosbyMosby--Year Book Inc., s. 211;Year Book Inc., s. 211; NobackNoback,,

Charles R.; N. L.Charles R.; N. L. StromingerStrominger; and R. J. Demarest,; and R. J. Demarest,1991, The Human Nervous System, Introduction1991, The Human Nervous System, Introductionand Review, 4. edition, Philadelphia, Lea &and Review, 4. edition, Philadelphia, Lea &FebigerFebiger , s. 410, s. 410--411)411)

In relation to its involvement in motivation, the prefrontal areIn relation to its involvement in motivation, the prefrontal area is also thought toa is also thought to

be the functional center for aggressionbe the functional center for aggression……(Seeley, Rod R.; Trent D. Stephens;(Seeley, Rod R.; Trent D. Stephens;and Philip Tate, 1996, Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2. edand Philip Tate, 1996, Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2. edition, St.ition, St.Louis,Louis, MosbyMosby--Year Book Inc., s. 211)Year Book Inc., s. 211)

"No indeed! If he does not stop, We will grab him by the foreloc"No indeed! If he does not stop, We will grab him by the forelock, a lying, sinfulk, a lying, sinfulforelock." (Theforelock." (The Qur'anQur'an, 96:15, 96:15--16)16)



The Sex o f t he Babyhe Sex o f t he Baby

Until fairly recently, it was thought that a baby'sUntil fairly recently, it was thought that a baby'ssex was determined by the mother's cells. Orsex was determined by the mother's cells. Orat least, it was believed that the sex wasat least, it was believed that the sex wasdetermined by the male and female cellsdetermined by the male and female cells

togethertogether TheThe QuranQuran is the only ancient book that statesis the only ancient book that states

that sex is determined by the spermsthat sex is determined by the sperms

"He has created both sexes, male and female"He has created both sexes, male and femalefrom a drop of a sperm which has beenfrom a drop of a sperm which has beenejected." (Theejected." (The Qur'anQur'an, 53:45, 53:45--46)46)



Order o f Form at ion o f t herder o f Form at ion of t he

Hum an Bodyum an Body

Embryology is the branch of science that studies theEmbryology is the branch of science that studies the

development of the embryo in the mother's womb. Until verydevelopment of the embryo in the mother's womb. Until veryrecently, embryologists assumed that the bones andrecently, embryologists assumed that the bones andmuscles in an embryo developed at the same time.muscles in an embryo developed at the same time.

Recent research proved thatRecent research proved that ““During the seventh week, theDuring the seventh week, the

skeleton begins to spread throughout the body and theskeleton begins to spread throughout the body and thebones take their familiar shapes. At the end of the seventhbones take their familiar shapes. At the end of the seventhweek and during the eighth week the muscles take theirweek and during the eighth week the muscles take theirpositions around the bonepositions around the bone forms.(Mooreforms.(Moore, Developing, DevelopingHuman, 6. edition,1998.)Human, 6. edition,1998.)

““We then formed the drop into a clot and formed the clot into a lWe then formed the drop into a clot and formed the clot into a lumpumpand formed the lump into bones and clothed the bones in flesh; aand formed the lump into bones and clothed the bones in flesh; andndthen brought him into being as another creature. Blessed be God,then brought him into being as another creature. Blessed be God, thetheBest of Creators!" (TheBest of Creators!" (The Qur'anQur'an, 23:14), 23:14)



St ages o f Baby Form at iont ages o f Baby Form at ion ““We did create the human from a clay product; Then we placed aWe did create the human from a clay product; Then we placed a

drop of sperm (drop of sperm (NutfahNutfah) in a place firmly fixed; Then we made the) in a place firmly fixed; Then we made the

sperm into a leach structure (sperm into a leach structure (‘‘AlaqahAlaqah); Then of that leach we made); Then of that leach we madea cheweda chewed--like structure; then we made out of that chewedlike structure; then we made out of that chewed--likelikestructure bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then westructure bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then wedeveloped out of it another form of creationdeveloped out of it another form of creation”” ((QuranQuran 23:1223:12--14).14).

This verse from theThis verse from the QuranQuran identifies the stages of preidentifies the stages of pre--natalnataldevelopment as follows:development as follows:

1.1. NutfahNutfah, which means, which means ““a dropa drop”” oror ““small amount of watersmall amount of water””;;

2.2. ‘‘alaqah,whichalaqah,which means ameans a ““leechleech--like structurelike structure””;;

3.3. mudghahmudghah, which means a, which means a ““chewedchewed--like structurelike structure””;;4.4. ‘‘idhaamidhaam, which means, which means ““bonesbones”” oror ““skeletonskeleton””;;

5.5. kisaakisaa ulul idhamidham bilbil--lahamlaham, which means the clothing of bones with, which means the clothing of bones withflesh or muscle,flesh or muscle,

6.6. alal--nash'anash'a which meanswhich means ““the formation of distinct fetusthe formation of distinct fetus””..



The reference book isThe reference book is

““The Developing HumanThe Developing Human””

Professor Moore is theProfessor Moore is theauthor of the book entitledauthor of the book entitled

““The Developing HumanThe Developing Human””..He is Professor EmeritusHe is Professor Emeritusof Anatomy and Cellof Anatomy and CellBiology at the UniversityBiology at the Universityof Toronto, Canada,of Toronto, Canada,where he was Associatewhere he was AssociateDean of Basic Sciences atDean of Basic Sciences atthe Faculty of Medicinethe Faculty of Medicineand the Chairman of theand the Chairman of the

Department of Anatomy.Department of Anatomy.He is the J.C.B. GrantHe is the J.C.B. GrantAward from the CanadianAward from the CanadianAssociation of AnatomistsAssociation of Anatomists



Three Vei ls o f dark nesshree Vei ls o f dark ness

It was not until the 1970s when the operation ofIt was not until the 1970s when the operation oftube babies started that scientists discoveredtube babies started that scientists discoveredthat if the mixing of the sperm and the egg tookthat if the mixing of the sperm and the egg tookplace in light, the resulting fetus will deformplace in light, the resulting fetus will deformand dieand die

““Allah Created you in the womb of yourAllah Created you in the womb of yourmothers, one form of creation after another, inmothers, one form of creation after another, inthree veils of darknessthree veils of darkness”” ((QuranQuran 39:6)39:6)

The three layers are understood as theThe three layers are understood as theabdominal wall, the uterine wall, and theabdominal wall, the uterine wall, and themembranesmembranes



Ex panding Universex pand ing Universe

Until the dawn of the 20th century, the only viewUntil the dawn of the 20th century, the only view

prevailing in the world of science was that "theprevailing in the world of science was that "theuniverse has a constant nature and it has existed sinceuniverse has a constant nature and it has existed sinceinfinite time". The research, observations, andinfinite time". The research, observations, andcalculations carried out by means of moderncalculations carried out by means of modern

technology, however, have revealed that the universetechnology, however, have revealed that the universein fact had a beginning, and that it constantlyin fact had a beginning, and that it constantly"expands""expands"

"And it is We who have constructed the heaven with"And it is We who have constructed the heaven withmight, and verily, it is We who are steadily expandingmight, and verily, it is We who are steadily expandingit." (Theit." (The Qur'anQur'an, 51:47), 51:47)



I ron d id not Form inron d id not Form in

Our Solar Sys t emur Solar Syst em

Modern astronomical findings have disclosed that the iron foundModern astronomical findings have disclosed that the iron found

in our world has come from the giant stars in outer space.in our world has come from the giant stars in outer space.

The heavy metals in the universe are produced in the nuclei ofThe heavy metals in the universe are produced in the nuclei ofbig stars. Our solar system, however, does not possess abig stars. Our solar system, however, does not possess asuitable structure for producing iron on its own. Iron can onlysuitable structure for producing iron on its own. Iron can only bebe

produced in much bigger stars than the Sun, where theproduced in much bigger stars than the Sun, where thetemperature reaches a few hundred million degrees. When thetemperature reaches a few hundred million degrees. When theamount of iron exceeds a certain level in a star, the star can namount of iron exceeds a certain level in a star, the star can noolonger accommodate it, and eventually it explodes in what islonger accommodate it, and eventually it explodes in what iscalled a "nova" or a "supernova". As a result of this explosion,called a "nova" or a "supernova". As a result of this explosion,

meteors containing iron are scattered around the universe, andmeteors containing iron are scattered around the universe, andthey move through the void until attracted by the gravitationalthey move through the void until attracted by the gravitationalforce of a celestial body.force of a celestial body.

""……And We sent down iron in which there lies great force andAnd We sent down iron in which there lies great force andwhich has many uses for mankind...." (Thewhich has many uses for mankind...." (The Qur'anQur'an, 57:25), 57:25)



Posi t ions of St arsos i t ions o f St ars Because stars are many Millions of light yearsBecause stars are many Millions of light years

away from us, we do not see the actual star butaway from us, we do not see the actual star butwe see the position of the star Millions of yearswe see the position of the star Millions of yearsago. Sometimes the star no longer existsago. Sometimes the star no longer exists

TheThe QuranQuran did not refer to the stars themselvesdid not refer to the stars themselvesbecause many of them do not exist and what webecause many of them do not exist and what wesee is their positionssee is their positions

““I swear by the positions of starsI swear by the positions of stars”” ((QuranQuran 56:75)56:75)



The Sun has I t s Ow n L ight buthe Sun has I t s Ow n L ight but

not t he Moonot t he Moon

The sun has its own light but the moon doesnThe sun has its own light but the moon doesn’’tt

““And (see) how He has made the moon a light andAnd (see) how He has made the moon a light andthe Sun a lamp.the Sun a lamp.”” ((QuranQuran 10:5)10:5)

““Blessed is He Who has placed in the heavensBlessed is He Who has placed in the heavensgreat stars and placed therein a great lamp and agreat stars and placed therein a great lamp and a

Moon giving light.Moon giving light.”” ((QuranQuran 25:61)25:61)

““It is He who made the Sun a lightIt is He who made the Sun a light--giving objectgiving objectand the Moon a light.and the Moon a light.”” ((QuranQuran 71:16)71:16)



For Fur t her Researc hor Fur t her Researc h

http:// http:// www.miraclesofthequran.comwww.miraclesofthequran.com / /

islam&science (1)

Documents