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Island-Type Smart Community Demonstration in Miyakojima City

Eco-Island Promotion Division, Planning Department, Miyakojima City

Miyakojima City

Copyright Miyakojima City 2016

• Background

Entire-island EMS demonstration project

• Overview of the demonstration project

• Results of the demonstration project

• Perspective of the business model

Kurimajima RE 100% self-support demonstration project


• Results of the demonstration project

• Direction from now on

Table of contents

2


Miyakojima City

Overview of Miyakojima City Miyakojima City

Miyakojima is an island located approximately 2,000km from Tokyo, approximately 300km from Naha, and midway between Japan and Taiwan.

Approx. 300km

Approx. 2,000km

3Copyright Miyakojima City 2016

Diagram of the location of Miyakojima City

Location of Miyakojima City

Miyakojima City

Okinawa’s main island

Miyakojima City

Tokyo

Osaka

Ishigakijima

Cross-section of Miyakojima

（overview）

MiyakojimaSpring

Well

Sloped

well

SpringRyuku

limestone

Shimajiri mud stone layers

(clay)

Freshwater

FaultFault

Freshwater

SeawaterSeawater

Sugarcane

field

Ikemajima Ogamijima

Irabujima

Shimojijima

Kurimajima

Population:Approx. 55,000 people

Area:Approx. 205km2 (of that, 80% is Miyakojima)

Climate:Subtropical climate

Temperature:Annual average of 23.3C

Rainfall amount:Annual average of 2,000mm

Humidity: Annual average of 79%

Maehama

Beach

Scenes of Miyakojima City

It is a flat island surrounded by the ocean on all four sides and formed by raised coral reefs. There are no large

rivers, and it has a harsh natural environment that is easily affected by typhoons and draughts.

Spring

water from

a mountain

river

Higashihennazaki

（government-

designated site of

scenic beauty）

Overview of Miyakojima City


Miyakojima City

Overview of multiple-well systemFarm pondMain watercourse

Irrigation channel Underground dam

Pump building

Water level

AqueductIntake channel

Intake facilities

Well

PumpCut-off wall

Lim

esto

ne

Sluice gate

Aquifer


Groundwater watershed boundary

Current direction of groundwater

Spring

Minafuku

underground dam

Fukuzato

underground dam

Nakaharabasin

Sunagawa underground dam

Shirakawa spring

Miyakojima is in a harsh natural environment, and in the past it has suffered heavy damage from things such as droughts. Therefore, we are aiming to break away from waterless agriculture by using its abundant underground water, and we have built water storage dams by using underground water-stopping walls made of Ryukyu limestone, which is very permeable, and we have developed water resources. (Construction began in 1987 and was completed in 2000 and 2002.)

Project to prepare underground dam irrigation

Pinfu Peak FP Milk Crest FP Nakao Crest FP Higashiyama

FPNohara Peak

FP

Kurimajima

FP

・FP = Farm pond

5

Miyakojima City

• Background



• Purpose of the demonstration project

• Progress of the demonstration project





Table of contents

6


Miyakojima City

Overview of the projectFor the purpose of making the most efficient use of the island’s renewable energy such as solar power and wind power, we are aiming to clarify the state of the entire island’s demand for electricity, to build a system that will bring about faceted management of energy by doing things such as making electricity consumption visible and controlling demand for electricity, and at the same time to build a system by which it will be possible for regions to be the main parties conducting operations throughout the future.Project period: Fiscal 2011 – fiscal 2017 * Operation began in October 2013Implementation system: Implementing body: Okinawa Prefecture

Consigned party: Miyakojima City (overall control)Re-consigned party: SMA ECO Co. (promotion of commercialization, system

development, etc.)Promotion committee: Professor Kenji Iba, Meisei University (committee

chairperson)Professor Hitoshi Aida, The University of TokyoAssociate Professor Junpei Baba, The University of TokyoProfessor Tomonobu Senju, University of the Ryukus

(1) overview of the Miyakojima entire-island EMS verification project

～Island-type smart community demonstration project～


Miyakojima City

CEMS： Local energy management system

AMI systemadvanced metering infrastructure

・・・200 households

Measurement device

Tablets

MDMS serverMeter Data Management System

BEMS

Places of large-scale demand・・・5 business places

Small and medium-scale monitors・・・20 business places

Information G/W equipment

Integrated BEMS serverBuilding Energy Management System

Agriculture EMS server

Pump buildings: Places holding pumps

Existing water management system

Terminal that makes things visible

Terminal that makes things visible

Entire-island EMS Collection of performance informationPrediction → Planning functions

Overview of the systemHome sector: 200 householdsBusiness place sector: 25 business places（Places of large-scale demand: 5 business places; places

of small and medium-scale demand: 20 business places）Agricultural sector: 19 pump buildings (places containing underground dam water pumps)

Commonly-used name: “SMA ECO Project”: Let’s live on the island in a smart way.

(1) Overview of the Miyakojima City entire-island EMS verification project

～Island-type smart community demonstration project ～

8


Miyakojima City

• Background









Table of contents

9


Miyakojima City

Purposes of the project① Reduction of the degree of reliance on energy from outside the island

＝ Security measure

・Reduction of the total amount of energy consumption

・ Maximum use of renewable energy

② Reduction of social costs for energy supply

＝Stabilization of citizens’ daily lives

＝Reduction of daily life costs

③ Creation of a business model for social implementation

(2) Purposes of the demonstration project（SMA ECO project）～Entire-island EMS demonstration project～


Miyakojima City

Structure of supply costs

～Reasons why electricity supply costs are high on remote islands～

Fuel costs(influenced by the consumption amount)

・On Miyakojima, diesel power generation is dominant.

・Heavy oil C, which is more expensive than coal, is the main fuel.

・Transport costs are necessary.・There is a significant influence by the cost of crude oil.

Facility costs (peak times have an influence)・Because it is a small-scale system, reserve power is made comparatively large

・Economy of scale does not work, and it is difficult to recover facility costs.

However, because it is universal service, it is a state in which independent operation by remote island areas is difficult.⇒In comparison, the effects of introducing renewable energy are high. ⇒It is possible to build a cooperative relationship with Okinawa Electric Power Company！？

(2) Purpose of the demonstration project（SMA ECO project）～Entire-island EMS demonstration project～

⇒This will be the first example of a smart community that coordinates supply and demand (the real thing)！！

Energy

conservatio

n

Cutting use

at peak

times

Renewable

energy


Miyakojima City

State of demand (fiscal 2011 results) Electricity demand peak: Approx. ５２ＭＷ（summer） Electricity demand bottom (daytime)： Approx. ２２ＭＷ

（winter）* Application of 30-day rule→２５．６ＭＷ

Total amount of annual electricity consumption: ２６２，４１９ＭＷｈ

* The peak is around 8 p.m. (civilian demand)

Reference: The state of Miyakojima’s electricity system～Island-type smart community demonstration project ～* Created by using materials made public by Okinawa Electric Power Company as a reference

12

State of power generation facilities (as of March 31, 2015) ＤＥＧ power generation（heavy oil Ｃ）: ６５ＭＷ（７ facilities）ＧＴ power generation（heavy oil Ａ）：１５ＭＷ（３ facilities）

● Thermal power generation total: ８０ＭＷ

Wind power generation：４．８ＭＷ Solar power generation: ４ＭＷ（mega-solar） Sunlight on the demand side:１９．７１ＭＷ（connectable

amount）● Renewable energy facility total: Approx. ２８．５ＭＷ

Calculation of RE ratio* Calculation based only on

ordinary use ratiosSunlight 12%

23.7×8760 h×12％＝Approx. 25,000MWh

Wind power 25%4.8×8760×25％

＝ Approx. 10,500MWh

RE total / Total amount of consumption

Approx. 35,500/ Approx. 262,500MWh

RE ratio13.5％


Miyakojima City

• Background









Table of contents

13


Miyakojima City

(3) Progress of the demonstration project（SMA ECO project）～Entire-island EMS demonstration project～

① Reduction of the degree of reliance on energy from outside the island(expansion of renewable energy)

The problem of connection hold for solar power generationThe need to increase daytime demand in the winter⇒ It is not possible to use it wastefully. ＝ A demand shift is

necessary.14

On the island, there is increasing introduction of large amounts of PV through FIT, and a situation is near at hand in which, in times of clear weather in the winter, the cost of reducing the amount of production of power plants’ diesel generators will be eliminated.

Daytime load: Approx. 25.6MWIn contrast,PV connectable amount：19.71MW

(announced by Okinawa Electric)It is not possible to reduce DEG more than this.


System load

Generator output

Solar power generation

Generator output lower limit (supposed)

Image for a time of clear weather in winter.PV introduction amount equivalent to 15MW (Even in winter, PV of 2/3 is output when weather is clear.)

Miyakojima City

Overview of multiple-well

system

Farm pondMain watercourse

Irrigation channel Underground dam

Pump building

AqueductIntake channel

Intake facilities

Well

PumpCut-off wall

Lim

esto

ne

Sluice gate

Aquifer

Reference: Mechanism of water supply from underground dams～Entire-island EMS demonstration project～

15

Doing the following for the timing of drawing up water:

○ Shifting from the peak hours of the entire island’s electricity

demand

○ Shifting to the hours of solar power generation

Summer: There is a lot of use of water, and it is necessary to operate them within the extent that they do not become empty.

Winter: There is little use of water, and it is necessary to operate them within the extent that they do not overflow.

Watering fields through

natural downward flow


Full water level

Impermeable basement

(shimajiri mud stone layers )

Miyakojima City

(3) Progress of the demonstration project （SMA ECO project）～Entire-island EMS demonstration project～

16

As a result of demonstration, it was found that because there are limits to expansion of the connectable amount, it is necessary to control facilities for which a demand shift (accumulated energy) is possible for equipment on the demand side.

From now on, we will proceed with various types of investigations and reviews in order to bring about energy management that utilizes things such as the following:

○ＨＰ-type water heaters○Electric automobiles

① Reduction of the degree of reliance on energy from outside the island (expansion of renewable energy)


Miyakojima City



Power generation costs are lowered by realizing load leveling through coordination of timely and appropriate demand and improving system load factors.

17

As a result of simulations, it became clear that, in aiming to reduce social costs for supply, measures for cutting use at peak times are effective and lead to bottom-up power generation cost reduction.

Miyakojima model Conventional EMS business / New electricity business

AVE

Power

generation

capacity

AVE

Power

generation capacity

Inefficient

Load factor improvement

(Reduction of power

generation costs)

Electricity

business

EMS

business

Electricity

business

EMS

business

←Competition→→Cooperation←

Bottom up

Cutting use

at peak hoursOnly cutting use

at peak hours


Miyakojima City


18

As a result of demonstrating demand response thus far, it was revealed that because ordinary homes and business places do not have facilities by which large load control is possible, even if we have them respond to requests by e-mail, etc. it is difficult to obtain valid effect size.

From now on, we will proceed with various types of investigations and reviews in order to bring about energy management that utilizes things such as the following:

○HP-type water heaters○Electric automobiles

In the same way as with measures for the connection hold problem, popularization of controllable load and realization of remote control will be important tasks from now on.



Miyakojima City

19

Sustainable social system

（≒ Creation of business）

Energy benefits

（１）Tasks for DR implementation

（Supply and demand cooperation）

（２）Tasks for service

（Energy services）

Non-energy benefits

（３）Tasks for service

（Added-value services）




Miyakojima City

Overview of the business modelBy conserving energy and realizing DR by making energy visible through entire-island EMS, we aim to create a business model and form a social system.

Entire-island EMS company

Home sectorBusiness place

sector

Energy conservation services through creation of visibility

（Lower effects）

Electricity charge reduction service through cutting use at peak hours

Agricultural sector

a) Energy conservation services by making electricity consumption visible for parties on the demand side ＝Lower effects

A service model developed by obtaining counter value for energy conservation services such as making the energy consumption situation visible to the demand side and conducting energy diagnoses

Service charges

20



Miyakojima City

Entire-island EMS business

Home sectorBusiness place

sector

D.R. request

Agricultural sector

b) Optimization of supply and demand through demand response (DR) ＝Upper effectsThrough electricity consumption adjustment requests (demand response = DR) to the demand side, we will realize optimization of supply that includes efficient use of renewable energy, and ensure initiatives for effects (upper effects) for electricity businesses.

D.R. incentives

Electricity company

Improved system operation efficiency through optimization of supply and demand

（Upper effects）

21



Miyakojima City

Concluding an MOU with an EMS businessIn the future, concluding an MOU with SMA ECO Co., which is an EMS business that is responsible for business.We will participate in a project promotion system from now on and conduct things such as the following:

System operation and evaluation Overall consideration of business models Scheme for popularizing controllable loads

Addition of functions to control systems

22




Miyakojima City

• Background









Table of contents

23


Miyakojima City

Project overviewWith the purposes of ensuring energy security and contributing to reduction of CO2 emissions by building a “use model” that uses renewable energy in the most efficient ways in local areas, we aim to install solar power generation and local storage cell facilities on the demand side and build a “model of a remote island with 100% renewable energy” that will combine with the wind power generation data of Miyakojima’s existing facilities to cover all consumed power on the island with renewable energy. Project period: Fiscal 2011 – fiscal 2016 * Operation began in January 2014.

Implementation system: Implementing body: Okinawa PrefectureConsigned party: Miyakojima City (promoting party and overall

control)

System (re-consigned party): SMA ECO Co. (evaluation verification, consideration of expansion models)

Overview of Kurimajima RE 100% self-support demonstration project



Miyakojima City

Overview of Kurimajima Population: Less than ２００ people（less than １００ households） Electricity demand: More than 200kW at the summer peak, approximately

50kW at the winter bottomSystem overview Power generation facility: Solar power generation system of approx. 380kW Storage cell facilities: １００ｋＷ－１７６ｋＷｈ × ２ sets Current measurement / Kurima EMS

Kurima EMS Electrical

charge / Electrical

discharge

Command

control

Time of power generation

surplus: Electrical charge command

Time of power generation

insufficiency: Electrical discharge command

PV panels

Measurement

device

Kurimajima

Power

generationConsumption

Automatic calculation

System server

Homes

School

Remote

island center

Group homeRealization of local production and local consumption through cooperative initiatives↓Realization of 100%independence

Local

storage cell

Overview of Kurimajima RE 100% self-support demonstration project



Miyakojima City

• Background









Table of contents

26


Miyakojima City

(2) Progress of demonstration～Kurimajima RE 100% self-support demonstration project～

27

Renewable energy 100% self-support demonstration

On remote islands that have extremely small-scale independent systems and remote islands that are supplied by ocean floor cables, it is thought that power generation costs will become more expensive, and therefore we are conducting technical verification of systems in which supply is not hindered even if there is no internal-combustion power and, in light of the trend of cost reduction for solar power generation and storage cells, we are continuing to consider expansion to small-scale remote islands.


Miyakojima City

・Solar power generation only Capacity Ratio of f acility use Power generation cost

Power generation f acility PV：2.0MW 4.9%

Storage f acility Lead storage battery ：7.5MWh

・Solar power generation + Wind power generation

PV：1.0MW 5.4%

WT：245kW 15.6%

Storage f acility Lead storage battery : 6.0MWh

JPY 107.5

Power generation f acilityJPY 89.1

(2) Progress of demonstration～Kurimajima RE 100% self-support demonstration project～

28

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

Po

wer

(kW

)

Batt

ery

Sta

te o

f C

harg

e (

%)

AC Primary Load

PV Pow er

Excess Electricity

Battery State of Charge

● In the case of aiming for 100% by sunlight alone:PV2000kW（existing 380kW+1620kW）Lead storage battery: 7.5MWh


Miyakojima City

(2) Progress of demonstration～Kurijima RE 100% self-support demonstration project～

29

● In the case of aiming for 100% by sunlight + wind power:PV1000kW（existing 380kW+620kW）245kW One tilting wind millLead storage battery: 6.0MWh

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

Po

wer

(kW

)

Batt

ery

Sta

te o

f C

harg

e (

%)

AC Primary Load

PV Pow er

Vergnet gev-MP275

Excess Electricity

Battery State of Charge


Miyakojima City

Verification of facilities’ optimal capacityRatio of renewable energy･･･Ratio of supply of electricity derived from renewable energy indicated in electricity demand on the island

Using microgrid simulation software (HOMER) that can conduct optimization analysis for 8,760 hours a year, we input the previously mentioned data for demand on the island, solar radiation amount data, and wind speed data, and conducted simulation analyses.

For solar power generation we set ordinary specifications, and for wind power generation we set 245kW tilting wind mill specifications.For storage cells, we used 15% charge and discharge loss by lead storage batteries.

As a result, the facility composition that is necessary for 100% independence are the regions enveloped in red and written in red numbers.

PV

(kW)WT

(kW)Storage cell (MWh)

0 0.75 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.0

0 0 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.8% 0.9% 1.2%

400 0 31.7% 46.5% 51.1% 51.8% 51.9% 52.1% 52.3% 52.5% 52.8%

800 0 38.8% 62.6% 76.7% 86.9% 91.0% 93.6% 95.3% 96.1% 96.9%

1,000 0 40.4% 66.1% 81.9% 92.4% 96.7% 98.8% 99.6% 99.9% 100.0%

2,000 0 44.1% 74.6% 92.5% 98.9% 99.8% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

3,000 0 45.3% 77.2% 95.6% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

4,000 0 45.9% 78.2% 96.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

0 245 41.9% 51.5% 54.3% 57.8% 60.0% 61.4% 61.9% 62.2% 62.6%

400 245 56.4% 79.0% 85.8% 89.2% 90.6% 91.4% 92.0% 92.4% 93.0%

800 245 58.9% 84.5% 93.4% 98.0% 99.3% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1,000 245 59.5% 85.7% 94.8% 98.8% 99.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2,000 245 61.0% 88.7% 97.8% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

3,000 245 61.5% 89.4% 98.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

4,000 245 61.7% 89.8% 98.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

0 490 55.8% 71.3% 75.1% 79.3% 81.7% 82.8% 83.6% 84.5% 85.6%

400 490 63.8% 86.4% 92.4% 95.5% 96.6% 97.5% 98.1% 98.6% 99.1%

800 490 65.3% 89.4% 96.2% 99.2% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1,000 490 65.7% 90.2% 97.0% 99.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2,000 490 66.6% 91.8% 98.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

3,000 490 66.9% 92.2% 99.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

4,000 490 67.1% 92.5% 99.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Kurimajima renewable energy 100% self-support


Verification of facilities’ optimal capacity

Introduction cost

Regarding introduction costs, for the scale of each facility we calculated JPY 400,000/kW for solar power generation, JPY 200,000,000 per mill for 245kW tilting wind mills, and JPY 100,000,000/MWH as system counter value for storage cells.

(JPY 100,000,000)

PV

(kW)WT


0 0.75 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.0

0 0 0.0 0.8 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.0

400 0 1.6 2.4 3.1 4.6 6.1 7.6 9.1 10.6 13.6

800 0 3.2 4.0 4.7 6.2 7.7 9.2 10.7 12.2 15.2

1,000 0 4.0 4.8 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 13.0 16.0

2,000 0 8.0 8.8 9.5 11.0 12.5 14.0 15.5 17.0 20.0

3,000 0 12.0 12.8 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0

4,000 0 16.0 16.8 17.5 19.0 20.5 22.0 23.5 25.0 28.0

0 245 2.0 2.8 3.5 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.5 11.0 14.0

400 245 3.6 4.4 5.1 6.6 8.1 9.6 11.1 12.6 15.6

800 245 5.2 6.0 6.7 8.2 9.7 11.2 12.7 14.2 17.2

1,000 245 6.0 6.8 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 18.0

2,000 245 10.0 10.8 11.5 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.5 19.0 22.0

3,000 245 14.0 14.8 15.5 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.5 23.0 26.0

4,000 245 18.0 18.8 19.5 21.0 22.5 24.0 25.5 27.0 30.0

0 490 4.0 4.8 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 13.0 16.0

400 490 5.6 6.4 7.1 8.6 10.1 11.6 13.1 14.6 17.6

800 490 7.2 8.0 8.7 10.2 11.7 13.2 14.7 16.2 19.2

1,000 490 8.0 8.8 9.5 11.0 12.5 14.0 15.5 17.0 20.0

2,000 490 12.0 12.8 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0

3,000 490 16.0 16.8 17.5 19.0 20.5 22.0 23.5 25.0 28.0

4,000 490 20.0 20.8 21.5 23.0 24.5 26.0 27.5 29.0 32.0




Power generation cost

We set twenty years as the number of operation years for all facilities, and 1% of construction expenses per year for maintenance costs, and then calculated electricity generation costs.

Electricity generation costs =（Construction expenses（no subsidies）+ Operation costs (1% of construction expenses for twenty years)）÷（（PV scale *PV facility use ratio +WT scale *WT facility use ratio）*8760*20 years）

The things that will become inexpensive within the scope of 100% independence are PV2MW + storage cell 7.5MWh or PV1MW + WT245kW + storage cell 6.0MWh.

If electricity generation costs by ordinary diesel electricity generation are set at JPY 50/kWh, it can be appraised that the regions enveloped in green and written in red numbers have economical efficiency.

(JPY/kWh)

PV

(kW)WT


0 0.75 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.0

0 0 - - - - - - - - -

400 0 31.4 33.5 40.5 59.6 79.0 98.4 117.8 137.2 176.1

800 0 51.4 42.6 41.8 49.0 58.3 67.8 77.5 87.7 108.4

1,000 0 61.7 48.7 45.9 52.2 60.7 69.9 79.8 90.0 110.6

2,000 0 113.0 80.5 70.8 77.1 86.9 97.1 107.5 117.9 138.7

3,000 0 164.9 113.7 97.6 104.4 114.6 125.0 135.4 145.8 166.7

4,000 0 217.1 147.7 125.3 132.0 142.5 152.9 163.3 173.7 194.6

0 245 33.3 41.1 50.1 67.8 85.1 102.7 121.3 140.1 177.4

400 245 42.9 41.2 44.7 55.7 67.4 79.1 90.9 102.7 126.3

800 245 58.7 52.3 53.3 62.3 72.7 83.4 94.5 105.7 128.0

1,000 245 66.8 58.3 58.6 67.7 78.2 89.1 100.2 111.4 133.6

2,000 245 107.8 89.5 86.7 96.1 107.0 118.1 129.2 140.2 162.4

3,000 245 149.4 121.5 115.8 125.2 136.2 147.3 158.3 169.4 191.4

4,000 245 191.0 153.7 145.2 154.4 165.5 176.5 187.5 198.6 220.6

0 490 50.2 52.6 58.1 70.2 82.9 96.2 109.4 122.4 148.8

400 490 60.7 57.3 60.0 70.4 81.7 92.9 104.4 115.7 138.8

800 490 75.9 69.0 70.1 79.7 90.8 102.3 114.0 125.6 148.9

1,000 490 83.7 75.2 75.7 85.4 96.7 108.3 119.9 131.5 154.7

2,000 490 123.1 107.1 105.2 115.4 126.9 138.5 150.0 161.6 184.6

3,000 490 163.1 139.8 135.6 145.8 157.3 168.8 180.3 191.8 214.9

4,000 490 203.1 172.5 166.2 176.2 187.7 199.2 210.7 222.2 245.2




PV facility use ratio

PV

(kW)WT


0 0.75 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.0

0 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

400 0 8.7% 12.0% 13.1% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2%

800 0 5.3% 7.9% 9.6% 10.8% 11.3% 11.6% 11.8% 11.9% 12.0%

1,000 0 4.4% 6.7% 8.2% 9.2% 9.6% 9.8% 9.9% 9.9% 9.9%

2,000 0 2.4% 3.7% 4.6% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9%

3,000 0 1.7% 2.6% 3.2% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3%

4,000 0 1.3% 1.9% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5%

0 245 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

400 245 5.0% 7.4% 8.3% 8.7% 8.9% 9.0% 9.1% 9.2% 9.3%

800 245 3.4% 5.1% 5.9% 6.2% 6.4% 6.4% 6.4% 6.4% 6.4%

1,000 245 2.9% 4.4% 5.0% 5.3% 5.4% 5.4% 5.4% 5.4% 5.4%

2,000 245 1.7% 2.6% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0%

3,000 245 1.2% 1.8% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1%

4,000 245 0.9% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6%

0 490 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

400 490 1.5% 2.9% 3.5% 3.8% 3.9% 4.0% 4.1% 4.1% 4.2%

800 490 1.2% 2.3% 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0%

1,000 490 1.1% 2.0% 2.4% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6%

2,000 490 0.7% 1.3% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6%

3,000 490 0.5% 0.9% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1%

4,000 490 0.4% 0.7% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9%


As a result of simulations, for the surplus power that cannot be absorbed even by storage cells we made allocations in accordance with each output scale of solar power generation and wind power generation.That resulted in a reduction of the facility use ratio.

In the case of solar power generation, PCS output control is technically possible, but because special specifications are necessary we think that under current standard technology it is desirable to realize 10kW-PCS unit number control (ON-OFF).



WT facility use ratio

As a result of simulations, for the surplus power that cannot be absorbed even by storage cells we made allocations in accordance with each output scale of solar power generation and wind power generation.That resulted in a reduction of the facility use ratio.

In the case of wind power generation, it is assumed that output control will be conducted by pitch control.

PV

(kW)WT


0 0.75 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.0

0 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

400 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

800 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

1,000 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

2,000 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

3,000 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

4,000 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0 245 16.8% 18.7% 19.5% 20.6% 21.4% 21.8% 21.9% 21.9% 22.1%

400 245 15.2% 17.5% 18.4% 18.9% 19.1% 19.2% 19.3% 19.3% 19.4%

800 245 13.6% 15.2% 16.0% 16.4% 16.5% 16.6% 16.6% 16.6% 16.6%

1,000 245 13.1% 14.5% 15.2% 15.5% 15.6% 15.6% 15.6% 15.6% 15.6%

2,000 245 11.9% 12.7% 13.1% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2%

3,000 245 11.4% 12.0% 12.2% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3%

4,000 245 11.1% 11.6% 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 11.8%

0 490 11.1% 12.6% 13.2% 13.9% 14.3% 14.5% 14.7% 14.9% 15.0%

400 490 11.7% 13.1% 13.7% 14.0% 14.1% 14.2% 14.2% 14.3% 14.3%

800 490 11.3% 12.4% 12.9% 13.1% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2% 13.2%

1,000 490 11.2% 12.2% 12.6% 12.7% 12.8% 12.8% 12.8% 12.8% 12.8%

2,000 490 10.8% 11.4% 11.7% 11.7% 11.7% 11.7% 11.7% 11.7% 11.7%

3,000 490 10.7% 11.1% 11.3% 11.3% 11.3% 11.3% 11.3% 11.3% 11.3%

4,000 490 10.6% 10.9% 11.0% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1%



• Background





Kurima RE 100% self-support demonstration project




Table of contents

35


Miyakojima City

(3) Direction from now on～Kurimajima RE 100% self-support demonstration project～

36

By demonstrating renewable energy 100% independence, the difficulties and possibilities of efficiently using renewable energy become clear as actual data.

Costs are expensive for 100% renewable energy, but because the supply cost per kWh is extremely high on remote islands that have a smaller scale than Miyakojima and that have independent systems and on small-scale remote islands that conduct supply by ocean floor cables, there is a possibility that future cost reductions for solar power generation systems and storage cell systems will generate competitive edges for expanding this model to such small-scale remote islands.

Because Kurmajima’s system is connected to Miyakojima, there is little risk of things such as power outages due to the effects of demonstration, and because it is possible to measure the interconnected line current, it is an environment in which, after conducting maximum introduction of RE, it is possible to conduct verification based on actual changes of seasons and solar radiation, as well as residents’ actual daily life environments.We think that there is value in utilizing such characteristics as a base for researching and demonstrating the many independent system remote islands that exist in Okinawa Prefecture.


Miyakojima City

37

Thank you for your attention.


Miyakojima City

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