ISN Page 119ISN Page 119: : Reconstruction Title PageReconstruction Title Page

Standard: 8-5Standard: 8-5Indicators: 8-5.1, 8-5.2, 8-5.3Indicators: 8-5.1, 8-5.2, 8-5.3- 3 Words and Pic with Color- 3 Words and Pic with Color

8-5 Standard8-5 Standard::The student will understand The student will understand the impact of Reconstruction, the impact of Reconstruction, industrialization, and industrialization, and Progressivism on society and Progressivism on society and politics in SC in the late politics in SC in the late nineteenth and early nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.twentieth centuries.

8-5.1 Indicator8-5.1 Indicator::Analyze the development of Analyze the development of Reconstruction policy and its Reconstruction policy and its impact in SC, including the impact in SC, including the presidential and the presidential and the congressional reconstruction congressional reconstruction plans, the role of black codes, plans, the role of black codes, and the Freedmen’s Bureau.and the Freedmen’s Bureau.

8-5.2 Indicator8-5.2 Indicator::Describe the Describe the economic impact of economic impact of Reconstruction on Reconstruction on South Carolinians in South Carolinians in each of the various each of the various social classes.social classes.

8-5.3 Indicator8-5.3 Indicator::Summarize the successes and Summarize the successes and failures of Reconstruction in failures of Reconstruction in SC, including the creation of SC, including the creation of political, educational, and social political, educational, and social opportunities for African opportunities for African Americans; the rise of Americans; the rise of discriminatory groups; and the discriminatory groups; and the withdrawal of federal protection.withdrawal of federal protection.

Essential Questions We Will Answer!

Essential Questions We Will Answer!

How did Reconstruction attempt to resolve problems left from the Civil War?

How did Reconstruction affect people in South Carolina?

What political eventsoccurred in SC thatwere related to the Constitution of1868 ?

What were the successes andfailures in SCRelated to Reconstruction ?

• Secession is illegal.Secession is illegal.

• States’ Rights can exist States’ Rights can exist but the federal (US) but the federal (US) government is sovereign government is sovereign – has ultimate authority.– has ultimate authority.

• Slavery is ended.Slavery is ended.

Effects of the Civil WarEffects of the Civil War• Almost Almost 620,000 620,000 Americans Americans lost their lost their lives, more lives, more then all then all other US other US wars in our wars in our history.history.

• Thousands Thousands of soldiers of soldiers were were permanently permanently injured (lost injured (lost arms or arms or legs)legs)

The South After The South After the Civil Warthe Civil War

• Because of Because of Sherman’s March, Sherman’s March, farmland farmland produced below produced below levels, railroads levels, railroads couldn’t transport couldn’t transport food or goods, food or goods, bridges & roads bridges & roads destroyed - destroyed - prevented prevented transportation.transportation.

• Southern Southern economy & banks economy & banks were in ruins - were in ruins - many people many people couldn’t pay couldn’t pay taxes & debts. taxes & debts.

• Land, homes, public buildings destroyed.Land, homes, public buildings destroyed.• Charleston in ruins from shelling.Charleston in ruins from shelling.• Columbia in ruins from fire.Columbia in ruins from fire.• Confederate money worthless. Confederate money worthless. • SC people / government broke.SC people / government broke.• 35% of White male population dead.35% of White male population dead.• Struggling freed slaves – no homes, Struggling freed slaves – no homes,

money or education.money or education.

1. Eleven year (1865-1876) process 1. Eleven year (1865-1876) process of rebuilding the South following of rebuilding the South following the Civil War.the Civil War.2. Federal (US) government was 2. Federal (US) government was more concerned with rebuilding the more concerned with rebuilding the South South politically and sociallypolitically and socially..3. Federal (US) government 3. Federal (US) government expected the South to rebuild expected the South to rebuild itself itself physically and economicallyphysically and economically..

C: What needed to be rebuilt?1. POLITICALLY:Who will run theGovernment now?3. SOCIALLY:How will formerslaves be helped?How will Whites dealwith a new social class?

2. PHYSICALLY:How can SC affordto rebuild homes,buildings, railroads,when theyhave no money?

4. ECONOMICALLY:What will plantersdo without slave labor?What jobs will formerslaves find?

ISN Pg. 122: 8-5.1 Tri-Fold ChartISN Pg. 122: 8-5.1 Tri-Fold Chart• Heading, Side 1:Heading, Side 1:

8-5.1: 8-5.1: ReconstructionReconstruction – rebuilding – rebuilding South politically and socially and South politically and socially and reunification of the United Statesreunification of the United States

• Labels: Labels:

1. 1. Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln’s Plan

2. 2. Johnson’s Plan Johnson’s Plan

3. 3. Congressional Congressional PlanPlan

ISN Pg. 122: 8-5.1 Tri-Fold ChartISN Pg. 122: 8-5.1 Tri-Fold Chart::• Heading, Side 2:Heading, Side 2:

8-5.1: 8-5.1: Goal of Reconstruction Goal of Reconstruction amendmentsamendments: Equal treatment : Equal treatment for all American citizensfor all American citizens

• Labels: Labels:

1. 1. 13th Amendment 13th Amendment

2. 2. 14th Amendment 14th Amendment

3. 3. 15th Amendment 15th Amendment

8-5.1 Tri-Fold Chart Guide…8-5.1 Tri-Fold Chart Guide…

To help guide your Dash Notes, Side1 (Plans):To help guide your Dash Notes, Side1 (Plans):1. What are the plan guidelines / rules / goals?1. What are the plan guidelines / rules / goals?2. Who supports this plan?2. Who supports this plan?3. Is this plan harsh on Confederacy or lenient 3. Is this plan harsh on Confederacy or lenient (easy) on the Confederacy?(easy) on the Confederacy?

To help guide your Dash Notes, Side 2 To help guide your Dash Notes, Side 2 (Amendments):(Amendments):1. Guidelines of the Amendment (can summarize)1. Guidelines of the Amendment (can summarize)2. Who did this Amendment affect?2. Who did this Amendment affect?3. Reaction to this Amendment – did everyone 3. Reaction to this Amendment – did everyone follow the rules of this Amendment? If not, follow the rules of this Amendment? If not, explain.explain.

• Lincoln’s Plan – Reunited U.S. ASAPLincoln’s Plan – Reunited U.S. ASAP

10% Plan

* Replace high level Confederate officials with “loyal rule”. Pardoned ALL but highest ranking Confederate officers.

* Slavery prohibited (Adopt 13th amendment).

* 10% of a state’s voting population had to take loyalty oath and establish a new govt.

* Lenient / easy on the South.

• Lincoln’s plan was not finished Lincoln’s plan was not finished before he was assassinated.before he was assassinated.

• April 14, 1865: He was shot in April 14, 1865: He was shot in Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth.Booth.

• Booth was a southern sympathizer Booth was a southern sympathizer who thought he was helping the who thought he was helping the south by killing Lincoln.south by killing Lincoln.

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President of the United States..President of the United States..

President Andrew Johnson

President Andrew JohnsonBecame President

when Lincoln died.

Democrat.

Anti-Aristocrat.

White Supremacist.

Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.

Johnson’s PlanJohnson’s Plan• Appointed new governors for each Appointed new governors for each

Southern state.Southern state.

• Pardoned many ex-Confederates. Pardoned many ex-Confederates. (Wealthy had to pay fee for pardon)(Wealthy had to pay fee for pardon)

• Each state had to approve 13Each state had to approve 13thth amendment.amendment.

• Was lenient on the SouthWas lenient on the South

• BUT, Johnson DID NOT want African BUT, Johnson DID NOT want African Americans involved in Reconstruction.Americans involved in Reconstruction.

ISN Page 123: 8-5.1 Presidential ISN Page 123: 8-5.1 Presidential Reconstruction NFW:Reconstruction NFW:

Draw a Basic Venn Diagram contrasting Draw a Basic Venn Diagram contrasting the Reconstruction Plans of President the Reconstruction Plans of President

Lincoln and President Johnson.Lincoln and President Johnson.

13th Amendment13th AmendmentRatified December, 1865.

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, (except as punishment for crime…), shall exist within the US…

1313thth Amendment Amendment

1414thth Amendment Amendment- Recognized citizenship of Recognized citizenship of

African Americans: Overturned African Americans: Overturned Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

–Gave all citizens Gave all citizens equal equal protection protection under the law and under the law and due process (court)due process (court)

–SC refused to ratify the 14thSC refused to ratify the 14th

The 14The 14thth Amendment Amendment

Congress Breaks with the President

Congress Breaks with the PresidentCongress does not

allow Southern Congressional delegates into Congress.

Committee on Reconstruction created.

President Johnson vetoes everything so Congress gets MAD!

Congress passed bills over Johnson’s vetoes

President Johnson’s Impeachment

President Johnson’s Impeachment President Johnson continued to fight

Congress and appointed people to positions without Congressional approval.

The House impeached Johnson by a vote of 126 – 47 but did not vote to remove him from office.

Congressional ReconstructionCongressional ReconstructionLed by Radical Republicans.

Military occupation of states.

-Divided into 5 districts. SC=#2

Required new state constitutions that ratified 13th and 14th Amendments / right to vote for blacks. (1867)

1515thth Amendment Amendment- - Gave Gave ALLALL male citizens right to male citizens right to vote regardless of race, creed, or vote regardless of race, creed, or previous condition of servitudeprevious condition of servitude

–This helped Republican party This helped Republican party increase their political power in increase their political power in the South and get Grant elected the South and get Grant elected in 1868in 1868

–SC refused to ratify the 15SC refused to ratify the 15thth

1515thth Amendment Amendment

ISN Page 124: 8-5.1 SC Constitution of 1868ISN Page 124: 8-5.1 SC Constitution of 18681. How and Who1. How and Who? ?

– Congress forced SC to elect new state Congress forced SC to elect new state delegates and write new constitutiondelegates and write new constitution

– Most delegates were Blacks and recent Most delegates were Blacks and recent immigrants (Northerners)immigrants (Northerners)

2. Provisions (Guidelines)2. Provisions (Guidelines)::– Based representation in state legislature Based representation in state legislature

on population alone (not $$$)on population alone (not $$$)– Abolished property qualification to hold Abolished property qualification to hold

officeoffice– Gave right to vote to ALL malesGave right to vote to ALL males– Provided for public educationProvided for public education

ISN Page 125: 8-5.1 Freedmen’s BureauISN Page 125: 8-5.1 Freedmen’s Bureau1. 1. Established by Congress during WarEstablished by Congress during War

2. Helped poor freedmen and Whites:2. Helped poor freedmen and Whites:

– Obtain food, clothing, medical care, Obtain food, clothing, medical care, education, jobs, protectioneducation, jobs, protection

– Establish over 1,000 schools in SouthEstablish over 1,000 schools in South

– Tried to give freedmen confiscated land, Tried to give freedmen confiscated land, but President Johnson returned it to but President Johnson returned it to plantation owners…claimed he had to plantation owners…claimed he had to respect their property rightsrespect their property rights

– BUT…social programs cost $$$ - taxes BUT…social programs cost $$$ - taxes increaseincrease

The Freedman’s BureauThe Freedman’s Bureau

Freedmen’s Bureau School

Freedmen’s Bureau School

The Freedmen’s Bureau fell shortThe Freedmen’s Bureau fell short• Promised “forty Promised “forty

acres and a mule” to acres and a mule” to freed blacks, but freed blacks, but could not deliver could not deliver this.this.

• Did not provide Did not provide money to teach new money to teach new professions to freed professions to freed blacks.blacks.

• Did not have enough Did not have enough funds to provide for funds to provide for all.all.

SharecroppingSharecropping• Sharecropping - when landowners Sharecropping - when landowners

provided land, tools, & supplies provided land, tools, & supplies while the sharecropper provided while the sharecropper provided the labor. the labor.

• At harvest time, the sharecropper At harvest time, the sharecropper paid the landowner with crops & paid the landowner with crops & what was left over was the what was left over was the sharecropper’s to sell for a profit.sharecropper’s to sell for a profit.

• Sharecroppers hoped to save Sharecroppers hoped to save enough money to own their own enough money to own their own land. This rarely happened. land. This rarely happened.

Landowner / Sharecropper Contract:Landowner / Sharecropper Contract:• Partner Work – Complete the contractPartner Work – Complete the contract

– One of you is the sharecropper; one of you is the One of you is the sharecropper; one of you is the landownerlandowner

• Answer all four questions completely – the Answer all four questions completely – the number in parentheses next to the question number in parentheses next to the question indicates how many responses you should indicates how many responses you should have to that question.have to that question.

• You must TAG ALL questions.You must TAG ALL questions.

• You may answer questions on the back of the You may answer questions on the back of the worksheet or on a separate sheet of notebook worksheet or on a separate sheet of notebook paper.paper.

Tenancy & the Crop Lien System

Tenancy & the Crop Lien SystemFurnishing

MerchantTenant Farmer Landowner

Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop.

Farmer also secures food, clothing, andother necessities oncredit from merchant until the harvest.

Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt.

Plants crop, harvests in autumn.

Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent.

Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant inpayment of debt.

Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop.

ISN Pages 42-43ISN Pages 42-43::8-5.2 People Notes8-5.2 People NotesThe Effects of The Effects of

Reconstruction Reconstruction on Daily Life…on Daily Life…

Purpose of Black Codes and Segregation:

* Laws that only Blacks had to obey

* Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated

* Restore socialsystem of slave days

* Keep former slaves in “their place”

Reading:Reading:• Jim Crow Laws and Jim Crow Laws and Segregation – Segregation –

• (10 Note minimum). Answer (10 Note minimum). Answer questions 1 and 2 at the questions 1 and 2 at the bottom of the page.bottom of the page.

• Images on following slides.Images on following slides.

Segregation & Jim CrowSegregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim CrowSegregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim CrowSegregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim CrowSegregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim CrowSegregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim CrowSegregation & Jim Crow

Progress forProgress forAfrican AmericansAfrican Americans

• Republican party offered full Republican party offered full participation participation

• Land Commission gave land to a fewLand Commission gave land to a few

• Fourteenth and fifteenth amendments Fourteenth and fifteenth amendments granted citizenship and voting rightsgranted citizenship and voting rights

• Freedmen’s Bureau helped with Freedmen’s Bureau helped with immediate reliefimmediate relief

• Public schools were establishedPublic schools were established

TERRORIST GROUPS: TERRORIST GROUPS: WHITE BACKLASHWHITE BACKLASH

• The The Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan was organized shortly was organized shortly after the war.after the war.

• Created to intimidate blacks and keep Created to intimidate blacks and keep them from voting.them from voting.

• Also targeted carpetbaggers and Also targeted carpetbaggers and scalawags.scalawags.

• The Klan used intimidation, violence, and The Klan used intimidation, violence, and fear to preserve the power of Southern fear to preserve the power of Southern whites.whites.

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

Why weren’t vigilante / terrorist groups Why weren’t vigilante / terrorist groups stopped?stopped?

– U.S. Government needed to save $$$ so in U.S. Government needed to save $$$ so in 1868, U.S. troops began withdrawing from 1868, U.S. troops began withdrawing from South so the Ku Klux Klan and Red Shirts South so the Ku Klux Klan and Red Shirts began to harass, intimidate and murder began to harass, intimidate and murder African Americans and White RepublicansAfrican Americans and White Republicans

– President Grant sent more troops to SC President Grant sent more troops to SC and encouraged prosecution of KKKand encouraged prosecution of KKK

– Some Klansmen were brought to trial, but Some Klansmen were brought to trial, but this had little effect – too much secrecy this had little effect – too much secrecy and lack of witnessesand lack of witnesses

Northern Support Wanes

Northern Support Wanes President Grant has

lots of scandal / corruption in his administration.

$$$ a concern:

Congress worried about a depression.

No $ for programs.

Westwardexpansion and Native American wars.

The Failure of Federal Enforcement

The Failure of Federal EnforcementFocus shifts

from South to U.S. Govt.

Southern Democrats begin to gain political power.

Republicans begin to lose power in mid 1870s

• DemocratsDemocrats nominated former nominated former Confederate General Wade Hampton III to Confederate General Wade Hampton III to run for governor.run for governor.

• RepublicansRepublicans nominated Daniel nominated Daniel Chamberlain to run for governor.Chamberlain to run for governor.

• BOTH parties used terror tactics to get BOTH parties used terror tactics to get people to vote for them.people to vote for them.

• Terrorist groups kept Blacks from having Terrorist groups kept Blacks from having full rights and voting Republicanfull rights and voting Republican

Chamberlain & HamptonChamberlain & Hampton

• DemocratsDemocrats formed a terrorist group formed a terrorist group called RED SHIRTScalled RED SHIRTS

• Democrat Democrat HamptonHampton promised blacks promised blacks equality to appeal to those that did equality to appeal to those that did manage to vote. (Total Lie!)manage to vote. (Total Lie!)– Reminder…No Real Media to Spread the News!Reminder…No Real Media to Spread the News!

• Both parties claimed a victory at the Both parties claimed a victory at the polls and started setting up their polls and started setting up their governments.governments.

• The SC General Assembly had to The SC General Assembly had to determine who won…determine who won…

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1876PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1876• Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won

electoral votes but Democrat opponent won electoral votes but Democrat opponent won popular vote.popular vote.– Compromise of 1877: Hayes named President Compromise of 1877: Hayes named President

if he promised to remove federal troops from if he promised to remove federal troops from South.South.

• Federal troops leftFederal troops left South in 1877. South in 1877.• DemocratDemocrat Hampton = SC Governor. Hampton = SC Governor.

– Supporters called themselves Redeemers!Supporters called themselves Redeemers!

• Reconstruction officially ended! Bye, Bye Reconstruction officially ended! Bye, Bye Republican Power in SC…Republican Power in SC…

1876 Presidential Election

1876 Presidential Election

Hayes PrevailsHayes Prevails

Benefits from Republican Party Benefits from Republican Party Reconstruction PoliticsReconstruction Politics

1.1. Reconstruction AmendmentsReconstruction Amendments

2.2. African Americans gain right to African Americans gain right to vote and hold political officevote and hold political office

3.3. Established social services for Established social services for blind and deafblind and deaf

4.4. Health care a concernHealth care a concern

5.5. Established public schools for Established public schools for ALLALL children children

Writing PromptWriting Prompt::

Describe two benefits Describe two benefits of Republican Party of Republican Party Reconstruction Reconstruction PoliticsPolitics..

ITEMS TO KNOW FOR YOUR TEST ITEMS TO KNOW FOR YOUR TEST TOMORROW ON TOMORROW ON

RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION• What did the South Carolina What did the South Carolina

Constitution of 1868 include?Constitution of 1868 include?

• Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau

• Jim Crow and Black CodesJim Crow and Black Codes

• Black SharecroppingBlack Sharecropping

• Women’s role in southern Women’s role in southern society during reconstructionsociety during reconstruction

• Carpetbaggers & ScalawagsCarpetbaggers & Scalawags

• President GrantPresident Grant

• Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877

• South Carolina governor South Carolina governor election of 1876election of 1876

• The Purpose of The Purpose of ReconstructionReconstruction

• The 13The 13thth 14 14thth and 15 and 15thth amendmentsamendments

• Race relations during Race relations during ReconstructionReconstruction

• Lincoln’s ten percent planLincoln’s ten percent plan• Johnson’s PlanJohnson’s Plan• Congress’ PlanCongress’ Plan• Who was chosen to rewrite Who was chosen to rewrite

South Carolina’s Constitution?South Carolina’s Constitution?