iso exhibition 2009 · was found that sugar gliders are nocturnal and very agile. the final...

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PPRROOJJEECCTT AABBSSTTRRAACCTTSS PRIMARY SCHOOL SECTION

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 1

Nathanael Goh Kai-Jun Anglo-Chinese School (Primary)

A SOCIAL STORYBOOK FOR HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISTIC CHILDREN The project aimed to produce a social storybook to help high-functioning autistic children assimilate better in mainstream schools. These children have high intellect but cannot cope in mainstream classes due to behavioural difficulties. They face mounting social pressures trying to integrate and their peers may fail to understand them. An interview was conducted with a parent who uses social stories for her daughter with the same condition. Information from the interview and research showed that social stories can be used to help high-functioning autistic children fit better into mainstream schools, and that children who read social stories show improved behaviour in school. The final product of the project was a social storybook for autistic children in Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) that focused on school routines and aspects of schooling experience in Anglo-Chinese School (Primary). Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chui Yuen Phun

2 Nikolas Lim Gene Min Anglo-Chinese School (Primary)

TOY MAZE FOR SUGAR GLIDERS The aim of the project was to design a toy for sugar gliders – small marsupials native to Australia and Indonesia – that provides them with physical and mental stimulation. It was observed that most toys available in the pet shop for small animals usually consist of pipes or wheels. Such toys merely provide an outlet for the small animals to play and exercise but are not able to stimulate their brains through exploration. Through Internet research, field observations and an interview with an expert, it was found that sugar gliders are nocturnal and very agile. The final prototype was a darkly-painted toy maze designed to stimulate the sugar gliders both physically and mentally. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Karen Wong

3 Kevin Ong Jit Eng Anglo-Chinese School (Primary)

EDUCATIONAL MATHEMATICS GAMES The aim of the project was to find out how to create interesting and educational Mathematics games. An interview was conducted with a Mathematics teacher who uses games to teach Mathematical concepts. This teaching method resulted in his students showing great interest for Mathematics and performing well in their Mathematics exams. Information from the interview and Internet research suggested that there are guidelines and processes to follow when developing such games. The final product of the project was the creation of an educational Mathematics game, which made use of the four basic arithmetic operations to solve equations. The game was tested on five Primary 1 pupils and modified based on the feedback given. It was observed that the pupils showed improvement in their timing and accuracy in solving the equations at the end of the tests. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chui Yuen Phun

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 4

Chang Tse Hwee Catholic High School (Primary)

EFFECTS OF MILK ON PLANT DISEASES The project aimed to find out whether high-fat or low-fat milk would be more effective in treating fungal disease in lime plants. Their effectiveness was compared with that of an anti-fungal spray. This was to find an alternative environmentally-friendly treatment for common fungal disease. An experiment was conducted on three groups of lime plants which were sprayed respectively with high-fat milk, low-fat milk and anti-fungal spray for two weeks. The results showed that low-fat milk was more effective than high-fat milk in treating plants. However, it was not as effective as anti-fungal spray. Low-fat milk is the cheapest among the three, so it is a more environmentally-friendly yet cost-effective alternative to treating fungal disease in lime plants. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Anne Goh-Wong Mei Leng

5 Maximilian Lim Yong Siang Catholic High School (Primary)

YOUNG CHEF PROGRAMME The aim of the project was to arouse interest in cooking among upper primary pupils. This helps pupils with working parents who are unable to cook lunch for them on weekdays. Research showed that most Singaporean upper primary and secondary pupils do not eat home-cooked lunch on weekdays as their parents are not home. Information about the type of food most pupils like and their culinary abilities were collected through a survey of 46 pupils. The end-product of this project was a self-created cookbook comprising healthy, simple and tasty recipes. 108 pupils sampled the dishes from the cookbook and their feedback was collected and analysed. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Anne Goh-Wong Mei Leng

6 Collin Teo Jun Kai, Lim Wei Liang, Tse Jim Yu & Lim Kenzho Catholic High School (Primary)

HERITAGE OF CHINATOWN IN SINGAPORE The aim of this project was to find out how and why Chinatown is changing. Through interviews with Professor Kwa from the National University of Singapore and Mr Kelvin Ang from the Urban Redevelopment Authority and field trips to the Chinatown Heritage Centre, it was clear that Chinatown is changing because of the changing needs of society. Through this project, we hope to raise awareness among the younger generations, and encourage people to preserve Chinatown’s rich heritage. The end product of our project was a blog which explored various perspectives of Chinatown. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Thum Chuay Lin

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 7

Siew Zheng Shuen Ryan Catholic High School (Primary)

LIFE DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION The Japanese Occupation of Singapore is often considered a dark period in Singapore’s history, when Singaporeans lived in fear and oppression under Japanese rule. The objective of this project was to gain insights into life during the Japanese Occupation. The research adopted a two-pronged approach through history books and interviews with two individuals who lived through the Japanese Occupation. Life was indeed full of hardship and frugality during the period. The peace and harmony in Singapore should not be taken for granted and must be maintained collectively. In addition, the project illustrated that many fascinating personal details which are not reflected in history books can be gleaned from personal accounts. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Cheng Kwang

8 Lee Yu Tse Catholic High School (Primary)

COCKROACH COVER (IvP Project) In public housing estates, household trash is commonly disposed through the rubbish chute. Cockroaches may crawl or fly out from the rubbish chute into the flats. The aim of this project was to find an innovative solution to this pest problem. A prototype was built with the following features: a rubbish chute with a peep hole for the user to check the amount of rubbish inside the rubbish chute, a pesticide for the user to spray to keep cockroaches from the rubbish chute, a cover to prevent cockroaches from entering the rubbish chute, a remote-controlled motor to pull up the cover, and a string which connects the motor to the cover. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Jasper Kuan

9 Ng Jing Chun Henry Park Primary School

HOMESCHOOLING IN SINGAPORE Homeschooling is the process of educating one’s children at home instead of enrolling them in school. The objectives of this project were to find out more about the experiences of homeschoolers and their perceptions towards homeschooling in Singapore. Data was collected via two online surveys from 46 parents and 41 children, and face-to-face interviews with homeschoolers and their parents. The results showed that parents who did not homeschool their children generally thought positively about homeschooling. However, they were not prepared to adopt homeschooling and cited the lack of opportunities for socialisation as one of the main reasons. On the other hand, children who were homeschooled, as well as their parents, did not feel deprived of such opportunities. The study revealed that the perceptions of parents are the main driving force behind homeschooling initiatives. Teacher-supervisors: Mrs Chong Khim Ling & Mdm Mashita

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 10

Sean Lee Kian How Henry Park Primary School

HENRY PARK PRIMARY SCHOOL: FROM BROWN TO GREEN? The Green Movement is a collective term that describes the efforts made by individuals and organisations to protect the environment. The aim of this project was to find out what Henry Park Primary School has been doing to promote the Green Movement and to explore other initiatives which could be adopted to support this cause. A survey of 150 pupils and an interview with a teacher in Henry Park Primary School were conducted to gather views on the Green Movement. The results showed that respondents felt that more could be done to complement the existing measures in the school. The findings of this project could be used to identify new initiatives and programmes to help Henry Park Primary School intensify its conservation efforts. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Yip Yew Fei

11 Nah Sze Perng Nan Hua Primary School

NEWATER Singapore’s agreement with Johor to regulate the supply of water from Malaysia will expire in 2011. As such, Singapore’s options are to buy water from other countries or to introduce a higher percentage of NEWater in the public water system. This project aimed to find out how pupils in Nan Hua Primary School felt about an increase in the percentage of NEWater in the public water system. A survey was conducted with Primary 5 TAG (Talented and Gifted) pupils in Nan Hua Primary School on their perspectives. A taste test was also conducted to see if pupils could taste the difference between NEWater and regular water from the water cooler. Most of the pupils who took the test could not distinguish between NEWater and water from the water cooler through the taste test. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Karen Haw & Mrs Jarina Peer

12 Glen Goh Wee Zhuan Nan Hua Primary School

REACTING BICARBONATE OF SODA AND VINEGAR TO PUT OUT A FIRE Fire extinguishers are essential in any household. However, many of us may not have a fire extinguisher in our home. In order to design a homemade fire extinguisher, I carried out an experiment using various amounts of vinegar and bicarbonate of soda. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the amount of vinegar and bicarbonate of soda required to put out a fire in the shortest amount of time. The experiment revealed that as the amount of vinegar in the mixture was increased, the time taken to put out the fire would decrease. Conversely, increasing the amount of bicarbonate of soda in the mixture increased the time taken to put out a fire. However, it was found that too much vinegar with too little bicarbonate of soda would not put out a fire. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Jarina Peer

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Brendan Goh Hong Yi Nan Hua Primary School

DANGERS OF SOUND We are exposed to sound everywhere but most people might not be aware of the dangers of constant exposure to loud sounds around them. This project aimed to find out the dBa (DeciBels Adjusted – a measurement of sound pressure level) in Nan Hua Primary School and identify places with high dBa within the school. A data logger was used to record the levels of sound at different places within the school at different times. It was found that the sound levels at the assembly area in the morning, in the canteen and during P.E. were very high. Through this project, we hope to create an awareness of the dangers in the sound levels around us. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Jarina Peer

14 Wu Yan Long & Zhang Pei Ting Nan Hua Primary School

EAZEE CAREE (IvP Project) It is difficult for students to carry big and bulky arch files to and from school as both hands are needed to hold the files. The gadget that we have invented serves to free up students' hands so that they can carry other things with their hands while also carrying files. The gadget invented, the Eazee Caree, is small and light and has various adjustable velcro straps and metal rings, making it suitable for carrying many files of a different thickness. Teacher-supervisors: Mdm Karen Moh & Mdm Winnie Chua

15 Tan Qi Zhong Eddrick Nanyang Primary School

THE QUALITY OF SOYA BEAN MILK Soya bean milk is a beverage widely available in Singapore. Its nutritional protein content makes it a good substitute for cow’s milk. This project aimed to determine if there are differences in the protein content of several types of soya bean milk available in the market. Ten samples of soya bean milk were tested for protein using a biochemistry food test using the Sodium Hydroxide and Copper II Sulphate solution method known as the Biuret Test. The experiment showed all samples to contain protein. However, the protein content was found to vary greatly among the samples with the biggest difference measuring as much as 150%. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Kelvin Tan

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Helen Lin Jia Qi Nanyang Primary School

IMPACT OF THE BASE OF A STRUCTURE ON ITS STABILITY The design of a building must be structurally sound to ensure its stability. Factors contributing to this stability include height, materials used, the type of ground on which the structure is built and the shape of the foundation. This project was a preliminary investigation to find out how different bases of a structure can affect its stability. Through researching the science of building and carrying out experiments with JENGA® building blocks, it appeared that the base of a structure is one of the most important factors in enhancing its stability. The end product was a prototype of several bases of structures to compare their strengths and weaknesses. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Mok Pei Terk

17 Jason Rohan Cheong Zhi Jian Nanyang Primary School

A STUDY ON THE LIFE SPAN OF AA BATTERIES The aim of the project was to determine which brand of AA battery is most cost-effective. Batteries are a common household need and are used to power many household appliances. Advertisers for various batteries have claimed their products to have the longest battery life, but consumers have little way of verifying these claims. To find out whether batteries last as long as they claim, an experiment was set up to test the power of different batteries using a torch. It was revealed that the Eveready Gold battery was the most cost-effective. The findings from this project will guide consumers in selecting the most value-for-money batteries. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Sharon Nathan

18 Yang Jie Rui Jerry Nanyang Primary School

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DESIGN OF PAPER AEROPLANES AND ITS FLIGHT DISTANCE AND SPEED The project aimed to find out which design for paper aeroplanes best enhances its flight distance and speed. Paper plane makers have many designs to choose from and the best design is usually the result of a series of trial-and-error tests. An experiment involving modified paper aeroplanes was carried out with the help of a paper aeroplane launcher. After conducting the experiment, a number of factors were found to enhance a plane’s flight. The end-products of the project were two paper aeroplanes – one designed for speed and the other for distance. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Kelvin Tan

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Tan Yan Zhen, Natalie Nanyang Primary School

THE DESIGN OF BUS STOPS IN SINGAPORE The aim of this project was to research the different designs of bus stops in Singapore and make recommendations to improve the current designs. Based on observations, shortcomings in the current designs of bus stops include inadequate shelter from the elements and insufficient safety features. 71 commuters were surveyed to gather their views on the current designs of bus stops. The data was analysed in conjunction with background research done on bus stop designs in other countries. The end product was a 3-D model (made from eco-friendly materials) of a newly-improved bus stop design which incorporated safety and commuter-friendly features. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Serene Yeo

20 Emma Danny He Raffles Girls’ Primary School

EFFECTS OF BIODEGRADATION OF PLA ON GREEN BEAN PLANTS Are biodegradable plastics really eco-friendly? The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Polylactic Acid (PLA), a type of biodegradable plastic used for making “green” food ware, on the growth of plants. Green beans were planted in soil that contained different concentrations of PLA. The growth of the plants was monitored using the average length and number of leaves, the time taken for the flowers to appear and the number of pods on each plant. The results showed that the presence of high concentrations of PLA in the soil produced a significant negative effect on the growth of plants. To play our part in saving the Earth, we should use fewer products made with PLA. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ng Chen Hia

21 R. Jeyavani Raffles Girls’ Primary School

EMERGENCY AND NON-EMERGENCY NUMBERS IN SINGAPORE In Singapore, there are different telephone numbers for emergency and non-emergency situations. The aim of this study was to gather information about the opinions of the general public on our telephone system for emergencies and also to find out if they preferred a single emergency telephone number for all emergencies and another single non-emergency telephone number for the various government agencies. From the data collected, it was found that the general public would prefer to have different telephone numbers for emergency and non-emergency situations so as to save on time, resources and manpower. I hope that my project will generate a greater awareness of our local telephone numbers for emergency and non-emergency situations. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Marie Therese Loe

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Bianca Udella Djongianto Raffles Girls’ Primary School

WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER A FUN COMPUTER GAME? Computer games come in different genres which appeal to children. The aim of the study was to identify the common characteristics of computer games which make them popular. As different factors appeal to different age groups, the research focused on the likes and dislikes of children in Primary 4 classes. From the survey conducted, it was found that children enjoyed adventure games, and games that come with many colourful characters. I hope that the results of my findings can help game designers to create more popular games that are attractive to children. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ng Chen Hia

23 Tan Li Xian Amy, Wong Jie Yi Chloe, Loh Li Ann, Lee Hwee Sze Joycelyn & Low Faye Reis Raffles Girls’ Primary School

THE SILVER GENERATION (SDMA Project) The aim of the project was to find out more about the elderly living in one-room rental flats in Singapore. It is commonly perceived that these elderly lead sad lives and there is not enough support for them. Observations of the elderly in rental flats were made and interviews were conducted with two elderly persons and four volunteer social workers. These perceptions were proven wrong as these elderly were found to be generally non-materialistic and happy. The social workers shared that they enjoy helping the elderly who in turn are grateful towards them. In conclusion, the elderly living in one-room rental flats can lead happy lives and there is adequate support provided for them. Nevertheless, the public can do more to help. A video to raise the public awareness was produced. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ang Peng Peng

24 Goh Su Ning, Carla Andrea Lim Mosqueda, Janelle Lee Hui Qin, Chow Yan Tong Rachel & Allison Mak Su-Lyn Raffles Girls’ Primary School

SINGAPORE, OUR HOMELAND (SDMA Project) The aim of the project was to find out the public opinion of National Day and the National Day Parade, and what these mean to the general public. National Day marks the date of Singapore’s independence and the National Day Parade is a celebratory parade held on this day when Singaporeans gather to commemorate their country’s birthday and reflect on the progress of their country. The video produced is a collection of interviews conducted with people from all walks of life. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Kim Kiam

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Muhammad Ilyasaq Bin Abdul Jalil Rosyth School

WHO DO PRIMARY 5 PUPILS TURN TO WHEN THEY ENCOUNTER PROBLEMS? Who do Primary 5 pupils in Rosyth School turn to for help when they face problems? Almost all schools are served by at least one Full-time School Counsellor, but this will not help the pupils if they are averse to seeking help from these counsellors when they need to. This project aimed to identify the main sources of help for Primary 5 pupils when they face problems related to schoolwork, family or peer issues. A survey was conducted with the Primary 5 pupils in Rosyth School and the results showed that most pupils would first turn to their parents as their source of help. The possible reasons why pupils choose not to approach counsellors are also discussed. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Shannen Koh

26 Hari Kope Rosyth School

LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN THE AFTERNOON SESSION This project aimed to find out whether pupils studying in the afternoon session lack sufficient physical play time. It has been observed that these pupils often reach home between 6.30 p.m. and 7 p.m., or later. As they may not have time for outdoor physical activities, they may turn to other forms of recreation like playing electronic games or watching television programmes. Information from interviews with parents of lower primary pupils also suggested that pupils in the afternoon session had little time for outdoor activities. This may result in obesity or related illnesses. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Shannen Koh

27 Isaac Tham Rosyth School

AN INQUIRY INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLAYING WITH LEGO AND MATHEMATICAL ACHIEVEMENT OF PRIMARY 5 PUPILS IN ROSYTH SCHOOL Lego is a well-known toy used to boost creativity and mathematical ability. The aim of this study was to find out if there is a relationship between playing with Lego and Mathematical achievement of pupils. A survey was conducted with 45 Primary 5 pupils in Rosyth School and five of the pupils were interviewed. A statistical analysis on the data collected was carried out and it was found that there was no correlation between playing Lego frequently and higher Mathematical achievement. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Esther Koh

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Alex Tan Kian Hye, Goh Shu Ling Doreen, Ng Shoon Phing Jarret , Ng Wei Keane Neville, Lim Ee Sing & Tricia Goh Jia Xin Rosyth School

P.E.T.S. (CmPS Project) Our group, P.E.T.S., is made up of dog lovers. After looking at statistics from the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), we discovered that the number of dogs abandoned yearly is very high. P.E.T.S. was formed to raise awareness of abandoned dogs among Rosyth pupils. We interviewed the Education officer from SPCA to find out more about the situation of abandoned dogs. Surveys were conducted in the neighbourhood to identify the underlying problem and a website was set up to educate the public on caring for dogs. We intend to give out a quiz to Primary 4 and 5 Rosyth pupils before and after the mini-exhibition in school to assess the effectiveness of the solution. Through education, we hope to convey the message of the importance of taking care of dogs to the Rosyth school community. We strongly believe and hope that all Rosyth pupils will learn to be responsible dog owners so that the number of abandoned dogs would decrease in the years to come. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Lim Lee Ping

29 Cheri Wee Jin Ting, Shannon Phuah Hui En, Michelle Chong Tian Hui, Abdul Lateef B Mohd Nasim, Sarthak Panwar, Mudzakkir B Aziz & Jaron Eng Kian Siong Rosyth School

LOVE WRAPPERS (DI Project) The Destination Imagination programme aims to teach pupils critical and creative thinking skills needed for success in the 21st century. There is a strong emphasis on developing creative problem-solving skills and teamwork in the course of the programme. One of the team challenges this year was to present a reinterpretation of Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" in a six-minute music video skit. The team had to carry out research on the literature and theatrical styles of Shakespearean stage play and then modify it to fit a modern music video. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Agnes Toh

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Arif Shehabbuddin St Hilda’s Primary School

CYBERBULLYING IN SINGAPORE The aim of this project was to determine the extent of cyberbullying in St Hilda’sPrimary School and a secondary school. A survey conducted by TOUCH Cyber Wellness & Sports showed that Singapore had the second highest number of cyberbullying cases in the world. The majority of the victims were secondary school students. A survey conducted on all Primary 4 to Primary 6 St Hilda’s GEP pupils and 21 Secondary 2 students, together with an interview with a St Hilda’spupil, found that many of the victims came into contact with the cyberbullies through online gaming. However, most of the cases were considered relatively mild in nature. The study also revealed that although many students knew what precautions to take, they did not act accordingly. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Boon Tee

31 Justin Chew Hanyi St Hilda’s Primary School

IN SEARCH OF A BETTER WAY TO TEACH FINANCIAL LITERACY The aim of the project was to find out whether the board game MoneyTalk® is useful in imparting concepts of financial literacy to pupils. A pre-test for 18 Primary 5 and 6 GEP pupils found that they were not financially literate. The board game was then played by nine of the pupils and a post-test was administered to them. Pupils who had played the game scored better in the test. In conclusion, the board game MoneyTalk® appeared useful in teaching financial literacy to pupils. Other creative and experimental approaches to promote financial literacy among young people were also explored. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Boon Tee

32 Jonathan Edward Wangsakentjana & Joshua Thambiah St Hilda’s Primary School

LIGHT POLLUTION The aim of the project was to determine the extent of light pollution in some areas in Tampines. Light pollution is defined as any adverse effect of artificial light including sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and energy waste. The main culprit of light pollution is unused lights that are not pointed downwards, but towards the sky, which creates a layer of reflected light. The reflected light causes disturbance or shuts off visibility of the moon, the stars and other heavenly bodies. Through a simple exercise of counting the number of stars in different places in Tampines, it was found that fewer stars could be observed in places which were more brightly lit. Hence, it can be concluded that light pollution was more serious in these areas than in areas which were less brightly lit. Some recommendations to minimise the problem are made. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Boon Tee

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Oh Jian Yong Tao Nan School

VERMICULTURE AND THE FOOD WORMS LIKE Worms are used in worm bins to recycle food waste into useful humus. The aim of the project was to find out which type of scrap food is most effective for raising worms used in worm bins. Rubbish bins are often overflowing with leftover scrap food that can be recycled by worms into humus known as vermicompost. An experiment was conducted in which worms were fed different types of scrap food. It was observed that worms preferred coffee and tea powder and gained the most weight when fed with these. An information booklet describing the steps one could take to construct a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) worm bin was produced. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Ngoh Sze Wei

34 Jordan Kow Tao Nan School

WHAT IS THE GEP PUPIL’S PERCEPTION OF TUITION? The project aimed to find out the perception of GEP pupils of tuition. It was observed that despite being highly gifted, many GEP pupils attended tuition classes. A survey of the GEP pupils in Tao Nan School was conducted to better understand their reasons for having tuition. It was found that the GEP pupils in Tao Nan attended tuition classes because they wanted to do better in their studies and not due to their inability to cope with their school subjects. It was also found that among the GEP pupils in Tao Nan, those who had tuition did not necessarily perform better than their peers in school examinations. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Lee Chin Min

35 Darryl Chow Tao Nan School

WEATHER FORECAST The aim of the project was to investigate the accuracy of the weather forecasts by Tao Nan School’s weather station as compared to the actual weather in Singapore. Over a four-week period, data on the weather forecast was collected from the weather station in Tao Nan School and compared with the forecast by the National Environmental Authority (NEA) posted on the Internet over the same period. The actual weather over this four-week period was also recorded. The study revealed that Tao Nan School's weather forecasts are not as accurate as the NEA's. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Fiona Soh Yoh Leen

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Yeong Qian Hui Tao Nan School

WUSHU IN TAO NAN SCHOOL The aim of the project was to determine if the pupils of Tao Nan School would better appreciate wushu and Tao Nan Quan if more information was given to them. A deep passion for wushu led to the exploration of the history of wushu and the thematic relevance of Tao Nan Quan. Much valuable information was derived from an interview with Tao Nan School’s chief wushu coach, who was the creator of Tao Nan Quan. An information booklet on wushu was produced and pre- and post-surveys were conducted with some Primary 3 students in Tao Nan School. Many of the respondents credited the booklet for providing them with more information on wushu and Tao Nan Quan, enabling them to better understand and appreciate these martial art forms. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Fiona Soh Yoh Leen

37 Joshua Chan, Ong Kang Wei, Shi Jing Lin & Wang Shang Yew Tao Nan School

SHARE (CmPS Project) Many pupils are sleep-deprived. Our survey of 500 pupils in the upper primary level in Tao Nan School revealed that 62% of them do not get sufficient amount of sleep. Sleep deprivation has severe negative effects both physiologically and psychologically. From our study, we found that sleep deprivation among our peers is partly due to lack of discipline or time management skills which result in them having to stay up past their bedtime. Parents, teachers and school leaders may also be responsible in some ways. Our project, “SHARE” (Sleep Healthily And Refresh Everyday), aims to raise the awareness of sleep deprivation among teachers, parents and pupils. This will be carried out through assembly talks, briefings, talks for parents and a “Sleep Fair”. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Goh Sheu Beng

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Joel Nee I-Loong Tao Nan School

5-FOR-3 (IvP Project) When drying laundry in the sun on bamboo poles, one might find that it is difficult to dry all the laundry in the desired time because of the insufficient number of bamboo pole holders available in government flats. The 5-for-3 invention effectively solves this problem. Made from aluminium and stainless steel, the 5-for-3 is strong, sturdy and durable. To use it, all one has to do is to slide it over the current existing three bamboo pole holders, making sure that they go through the three U-bolts underneath. The three U-bolts underneath would hold the 5-for-3 in place. Once in position, one may tighten the nuts so as to keep the 5-for-3 there permanently. When completed, two extra bamboo poles can be fitted in. Teacher-supervisors: Mr Matthew Ngiam, Mr Michael Kao, Mr Allan Wong, Ms Ng Den Mui, Mr Clifton Lim

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PROJECT ABSTRACTS SECONDARY SCHOOL SECTION

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 1

Frederick Widjaja & Kenneth Chee Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR THE ELECTRICAL OCTET METHOD TO MAKE EARTHWORMS SURFACE This project investigated the effect of different variables on the number of earthworms surfacing when electricity is passed through the soil through eight metal poles in an octagon. These variables included the physical factors of depth and zone in which the earthworms appear. Biological factors affecting the number of earthworms that surfaced included organic content of the soil. Results revealed that the optimal conditions for making earthworms surface using the electrical octet method are when poles are driven down 30cm into the ground. We also found out that most earthworms surfaced at the area of 15cm in and out of the electrical octet while more earthworms are present in soil with higher organic content than in soil with lower organic content. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ali Basheera

2 Ian Ong Yi En, Lyndon Seow Ling Neng & Chee Yong Hui Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF PALM OIL AND ITS USE IN LYE SOAP The aim of our study was to look at the potential of palm oil as an active ingredient for use in lye soap. A bag of palm oil fruits was used in this study. A very dilute solution of palm oil was extracted from the fruits and subjected to many tests. The study yielded consistently positive results against a culture of E. Coli bacteria. Following the verification of the anti-bacterial properties of self-extracted oil, we proceeded to produce soap with commercially available concentrated palm oil extract which continued to yield positive results. Further innovations to the final soap product such as the “one use cuboids” concept also overcame the ancient household trauma of mushy and unappealing hyper-hydrated soaps. Teacher-supervisor: Mr See Boon Tiam

3 Chern Jie, Chung Jia Qi & Teh Wen Jin Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

CGE CHARGER (School-Initiated Project) Our CGE Charger will overcome the problem of a battery running flat during emergencies when there are no power sockets around. The Clean, Green and Emergency Charger (CGE Charger) makes use of a handheld dynamo which powers and charges the phone with kinetic energy generated by the user as he or she cranks the device. This product, which is targeted at teenagers and middle-aged people who tend to take part in camps or outdoor activities more often, is portable and an environmentally-friendly alternative to conventional charging methods. We surveyed a small group of people to find out if our product would be successful and the majority of them gave positive feedback. The responses from those surveyed also contained valuable suggestions for improving our product. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Jeffery Tan

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 4

Low Jing Wen & Paul Chow Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

WORLD AT RISK (WAR) (School-Initiated Project) Our product World at Risk is a modification of the existing battle game RISK© without the long playing time and waiting time for the opponent’s turn. In addition, it has the following advantages: firstly, this is an expansion set, which means, astronomically low prices; secondly, this product comes with an innovative new system – five heroes with the abilities to turn the tide of the battle no matter how deep the situation one is in; thirdly, new rules can be implemented based on how long one wants the game to last; and finally, players can learn basic background information on each of the five heroes, who are all influential World War II figures. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Au Pui Fun

5 Loh Yan Tong Jacalyn, Low Mei You, Ng Qi Jing Regina, & Wong Tze Pei Valerie Dunman High School

MARINA BARRAGE PUBLIC ART PROJECT (School-Initiated Project) The aim of this project was to help keep the rivers, drains and canals in Singapore free of pollution, so as to sustain the use of Marina Barrage as a reservoir for future generations. We consulted websites to gain background knowledge of Marina Barrage and water pollution problems that Singapore faces. As many people are unaware about the consequences of water pollution, we plan to raise awareness on the importance of not polluting water bodies in Singapore by visiting primary schools to educate students about the effects of water pollution. At the same time, eye-catching banners will be displayed in public places to influence Singaporeans not to pollute water sources. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Koh Swee Ling

6 Regina Ng Si En, Sun Zeqi, Joey Jiang Yixuan & Ng Gi Wen Dunman High School

TASTE AND NUTRITION – THE CHOICE BETWEEN MOCK MEAT AND NORMAL MEAT Our aim was to investigate the tastiness and nutritional value of mock meat and meat. Much land is cleared annually for the rearing of animals to meet the growing demand for meat and this contributes to global warming. If mock meat was proven to be comparable to meat in both nutritional value and taste, it could encourage more people to opt for mock meat. Through a taste survey, we found that people generally preferred meat. The Benedict’s Solution Test was conducted and it appeared that mock meat contained more reducing sugars. Lastly, the brown paper test was used to test for the amount of oil in the meats and it was found that the mock meat contained less oil. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Han Yaohong Royston

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 7

Isabella Lee, Ong Zishan, Png Qi Hui, Sim Yi Jie Dunman High School

INVESTIGATION OF MOST EFFECTIVE FOOD ACID FOR STAIN REMOVAL The aim of the project was to find out which common food acid is the most effective in removing stains on clothes. Due to the increasing ill-forces of global warming, it is essential for household products like detergents to be more environmentally-friendly than ever before. Through experiments on the effectiveness of different acids on cloth stains, it appeared that citric acid (present in grapes) and gluconic acid were the most effective food acids for stain removal. Our discovery that juice from rotten grapes is effective in stain removal was an encouraging find that should spur many to further research into this field and would lead to reduced food wastage from rotten grapes in the near future. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Han Yao Hong Royston

8 Chester Yeoh Fu Soon, Chua Zong Xuan, Jonathan Pang Zhi Xian & Lee Jiaqi Arthur Dunman High School

LOCATIONS OF TOOTHBRUSHES IN TOILETS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ACTIVITY WHICH AFFECT MICROBIAL GROWTH The research was conducted to find out the most ideal location to place toothbrushes in toilets with different levels of activity. As a toothbrush is a daily necessity used to clean teeth, it is important to ensure that there is minimal microbial contamination. Toothbrushes were left in two toilets of different activity levels for 15 days, which was followed by a microbiological analysis. The results revealed that toothbrushes placed in toilets with a higher level of activity will result in more microbial growth. Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Rozana Abdul Razak

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No. PUPIL PROJECT 9

He Shujun & Tan Shu Ying Dunman High School

HOW PERCEPTIONS OF CHOCOLATE BRANDS AFFECT CONSUMERS’ CHOICES

10 Chin Kee Yong & Lieu Zheng Hong Hwa Chong Institution

i-FOUR: THE INTERACTIVE COMIC i-Four is an interactive comic that aims to educate the public about environmental conservation and the positive and negative uses of technology. Through this engaging hybrid of comic and animation, we hoped to make the two relevant and important topics presentable and interesting to people today. i-Four: The Interactive Comic was made using Adobe Flash CS4. We felt that Flash was the best software to use to create an interactive comic to illustrate our points, especially as we were experienced with the software. During the making of this comic, the storyline was frequently updated in order to keep abreast with current affairs. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Kent Cheong

11 Lim Jing Yuan, Justin, Poh Zhen Wei, Aloysius, Chiang Wei Kiat & Wong Jin Hien Hwa Chong Institution

E BOOK ORGANISER E Book Organiser is an invention that aims to minimize the problem of disorganized bookshelves and to help those in need of a way to classify and arrange books. Existing "book stoppers" were found to be not ideal as users had to remove some books before slotting in the stoppers. It was also inconvenient for users to move books from one place to another, as sometimes, they could not move all the books at the same time. E Book Organiser is an extendable device that can be adjusted to fit the books and the invention is versatile enough to be used in libraries, book stores, schools, offices and homes. Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Kok Kim

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Samuel Lim Zong Sheng, Koh Shun Xiang & Wee Ting Yit Hwa Chong Institution

INVESTIGATION OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ESTROGEN RECEPTORS AND ESTROGEN RESPONSE ELEMENTS USING PLASMON RULERS Plasmon rulers are gaining popularity for their simplicity, sensitivity and effectiveness in characterising nanoscale activity. These are useful in investigating molecular machines and protein-binding activity. In this study, the production of Plasmon rulers (two gold nanoparticles (NPs) attached to each end of a hybridized DNA) outside glass slides was optimised. Samples were heat-shocked and mixed at different gold NP to DNA ratios, and then investigated under darkfield microscopy to observe the products formed. Individual gold NPs (monomers) will scatter green colour light, while coupled gold NPs (dimers) will scatter light at a yellow to red colour range. The percentage of dimer yield was then tabulated. The findings may be used to optimise dimer production (in bulk) processes to cut resource usage. Teacher-supervisors: Mrs Har Hui Peng, Mr Chen Kok Hao, Dr Tan Yen Nee & Dr Su Xiao Di

13 Loh Zheng Yi, Lee Choon Kiat, Ng Boon Hian Hwa Chong Institution

DRIP-PROOF (IvP Project) Our invention aims to heighten one’s experience when consuming an ice-popsicle by reducing the potential mess created from the drips. In our survey with 150 members of the public, more than half of those surveyed hesitated to eat ice-popsicles due to the mess from the drips, and most were willing to pay more for their ice popsicle if this problem was solved. As a result, we came up with a low-cost and efficacious way to contain the drips by integrating a non-permeable paper within the ice-cream wrapper. As the consumer removes the wrapper, he or she will unfold the attached cone-shaped, non-permeable paper to contain the drips. We have since approached a prominent F&B company with our idea and they have expressed great interest in our invention. Teacher-supervisors: Ms Vivien Sim, Mdm Tham, Mr Chia

14 Lee Zi Xin & Ho Ying Na Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary)

2-IN-1 STEAMBOAT LADLE (IvP Project) The aim of our project was to invent a dual-purpose steamboat ladle that effectively substitutes two conventional steamboat ladles in the market: one with holes, and the other without. Our target audience was steamboat restaurant owners and Chinese families who have steamboat meals. Many people find it troublesome to alternate between the two types of ladles. Hence, by using the principle of axial rotation, the 2-in-1 ladle was invented. It comprises three layers, one of which is a sliding layer with a small extension. By pushing the extension with a pair of chopsticks, this layer can be rotated to cover the holes of the layer below.

Teacher-supervisor: Mr Kenneth Lui

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V. Ramya, Ng Si Yuan, Lim Wen Ting & Koh Shu Hui Lisa Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary)

A STUDY ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF DRAGONFLIES AT DAIRY FARM NATURE RESERVE The aim of this project was to study the biodiversity and abundance of dragonflies in Dairy Farm Nature Reserve (DFNR). Despite dragonflies playing an important role in our ecosystem and having positive impacts on human society, not many studies have been conducted on them. The research team carried out field studies at specific sites in DFNR. They identified and made observations of the species of dragonflies there by studying the dragonflies’ body parts, especially the wings that are distinctive of each species. To date, a total of six species of dragonflies have been identified through the observations. The team will continue this research to observe the behavioural patterns of dragonflies at DFNR over one year. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Lydia Tan

16 Lim Kar Min Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary)

THE DARK KNIGHT ILLUMINATES: A STUDY OF VENGEANCE AND VIGILANTE JUSTICE IN THE BATMAN UNIVERSE This project explored the concept and implications of superheroism, with an emphasis on the well-known comic figure Batman, who toes the murky line dividing superheroism and anti-superheroism. This project aimed to understand the philosophical issues of vengeance and vigilante justice in the context of the Batman universe. It also strived to draw historical and cultural parallels from these issues to our lives and to examine the arguments justifying their prevalence in the streets of Gotham City. Through critical readings of a variety of primary and secondary source materials, this project found that, despite Batman's complex moral ambiguity with regard to vengeance and vigilantism, he is able to rise above his flaws and prove himself to be a true superhero worthy of our admiration. Teacher-supervisor: Dr Sakhar Nair

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Gan Yu-Jia, Samantha Soong Xinyi, Ong Zhen Ci Gloria, Lee Yu Jin, Brenda Thng Ai Xuan, Samantha Lee Si Min, Shen Jiayi Talia & Seet Shwen Lee Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary)

PROJECT G.R.E.A.S.E. (CmPS Project) Despite increasing global and national emphasis on recycling, liquid waste recycling, such as recycling used cooking oil (UCO), is often overlooked in Singaporean households. Moreover, this UCO is often inappropriately poured down the sink. Project GREASE conceptualised a three-tier approach: firstly, spread a self-formulated oil-to-soap recipe; secondly, encourage UCO collection; and lastly, educate others about proper UCO disposal. Outreach programmes and presentations were organised to raise awareness about the proper method of UCO disposal and gather workshop signups. Soap-making workshops were conducted. We also implemented a six-month pilot UCO collection drive, GREASE-ycle, to actively involve households in contributing their UCO. Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Lee-Lim Chyn

18 Tan Chern Wei, Stephanie Lin Wen, Wong Mei-Yin Eenette, Loh Hui Yi Emily, Eunice Chong Pei Qi, Tan Yi Hui & Sim Pei Yin Dayna Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary)

MONKEY BUSINESS (CmPS Project) The Monkey Business Team (MB) aims to promote greater understanding among residents of Singapore about one of its native species, the Long-Tailed Macaques, so that both humans and macaques can co-exist harmoniously at Singapore’s Central Catchment Areas. The MB Team has employed an educational outreach approach with the community and public. This includes the display of posters, interactive signboards, monkey cut-outs, and illustrations through Picturebooks as well as on-site contact. The MB Team has collaborated with various agencies and received financial grants from organisations to make its cause possible. The MB team believes that by working closely with the community, the goals of this project can be achieved. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Mariette Ong

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Vishnu R Menon, Saksham Gandhi, Zhang Ren, Ibach Tizian Raffles Institution (Secondary)

THE EFFICIENCY OF EGG SHELLS IN THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL IONS IN WASTE WATER The project investigated the efficiency of chicken eggshells in the removal of lead (II) ions from water. Experiments to study the effect of the factors, which included contact time and dosage of eggshell, were conducted. In addition, an eggshell filter prototype was constructed and its effectiveness of lead (II) ion removal from contaminated water was studied. All samples were analysed with an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The results which showed the effectiveness of eggshells for lead (II) removal support its implementation as part of a filtration system. Teacher-supervisor: Miss Liew Li Pin

20 Benjamin Mak Jia Ming, He Zhiyuan & Huang Jinghao Jarret Raffles Institution (Secondary)

PEDRA BRANCA This project aimed to explore the theme of peaceful dispute settlement using the case study of the Pedra Branca dispute between Singapore and Malaysia. This dispute was resolved at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) with the prior consent of both parties, and was a key step towards encouraging more fronts for diplomatic engagement between Singapore and Malaysia. Three issues were addressed in this paper. First, what is the Pedra Branca dispute? Second, what has the Pedra Branca dispute resulted in? Third, how can the Pedra Branca dispute relate to the wider world? Teacher-supervisor: Mr Eric Koh

21 Ervin Scott Seow Yi-Wen, Li Kewei & Lin Sen Raffles Institution (Secondary)

RELIABILITY AND INTERFACE PROPERTY OF LOW K-STACKS This project investigated the mechanical response of low-dielectric constant (k) thin films to thermal aging. Multilayer thin film structures were subjected to thermal aging at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius for varying periods of time up to 500 hours. Four kinds of multilayer thin film structures were tested. The samples were made up of different dielectric and insulator materials of which two were coated with two conductive layers of copper. The samples were tested for their hardness when the aging was completed. A three-point bending test was used to characterise mechanical properties of the multilayer stacks. Samples without conductive layer showed exponential decrement in their hardness, while samples with conductive layer showed negative trends. Teacher-mentor: Mrs Eunice Tay Expert-mentor: Asst Prof Zeng Kaiyang

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Ng Jie Hiu, Teo Zhi Seng Alex, Yeo Boon Kiat Brandon, Choo Jun Qiang, Yoong Joon Wei Aaron, Goh Zhong Xian Lionel, Lai Ming Kang, Loh Yu Jan Rayner & Yap Yao Sheng Nick Raffles Institution (Secondary)

SCIENCE CAMP @RI – A RI-SCIENCE HUB OUTREACH PROGRAMME (School-Initiated Project) This is a pilot Science service-learning project that aimed to enhance the experience of learning Primary Science. The group brainstormed ideas, approached primary schools to propose their plan and executed their plan over a span of four months. The group was trained in lesson planning skills and various pedagogical strategies such as inquiry learning. The three-day camp comprised a series of enrichment activities, quizzes and an amazing race. Through this project, the group developed various skills like communication, leadership and organisational skills while the primary school pupils gained higher order scientific knowledge in a fun way. Teacher-supervisor: Ms Low Siew Hsien

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Deepak S Warrier & Sum Jia Jun Sean Raffles Institution (Secondary)

IMPROVING ACCESSIBILITY IN REFRIGERATOR DESIGN – THE COOL REFRIGERATOR (IvP Project) This project aimed to design solutions to problems dealing with refrigerator design. There were two problems identified – the hindrance caused by automatically-closing doors, and the difficulty faced in accessing items at the back of the refrigerator. An opinion poll was conducted to verify the significance of these problems and to seek public opinion on the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The proposed solutions were then modified accordingly and a final solution was designed. A sliding door and rotating, circular shelves were to solve the two problems respectively. The refrigerator design was made circular to maximize space. Thus, The Cool Refrigerator prototype design– a revolutionary cylindrical refrigerator with rotating, circular shelves and a sliding door – was constructed. Teacher-supervisors: Mr Teo Chai Yaw & Mr Gideon Choo

iso exhibition 2009 · was found that sugar gliders are nocturnal and very agile. the final...

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