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The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, and International Water Association (IWA), London, signed an MoU with the following objectives:

The capabilities and technical expertise of both organizations to be used that will allow a more efficient and effective sharing of ideas and information between the respective constituencies;To enhance knowledge development and integration of research, practice and policy towards the overall goal of improved water and sanitation for all, with specific emphasis on un-privileged or poor people in developing countries;Co-hosting technical events and workshops;NEERI's participation in IWA's task force;Support of IWA in Technology Park at NEERI;Opportunities for NEERI scientists to be in editorial board of IWAP Journals;NEERI as a collaborating centre of IWA.

IWA's mission is to connect water professionals worldwide to lead the development of effective and sustainable approaches to water management, and to create and foster a global network of leading-edge water professionals through the provision of services and products to members, including conferences, publications and support for member groups; and in addition, to represent the views of members in international forums and to project key messages to the sector at large, aimed at advancing best practice in sustainable water management.

ISSN 0409-7467

CSIR NEWS130130130130130

Germplasm Registration andNational Identities for

Novel Rootstocks of Rosa

At the Institute of HimalayanBioresource Technology (IHBT),

Palampur, evaluation of domesticatedwild roses was done for their rootingperformances, compatibility andflower production. Based on thisstudy, four potential IHBT accessionshave been awarded national identitynos viz., IHBT-WR-24 (IC549905),IHBT-WR-16 (IC549906), IHBT-WR-23 (IC549907) and IHBT-WR-21(IC549908) at the XVII meeting of

National Germplasm RegistrationCommittee, National Bureau of PlantGenetic Resources of ICAR, NewDelhi, on 16 February 2008. Thesestrains have the potential to beutilized as rootstocks and forbreeding as these are easy to multiply,compatible to scion and producehigher number and better height offlowering shoots as compared to R.indica var. odorata (standard rootstock)under Palampur conditions.

IHBT signsAgreement with

M/s EthioAgri-CEFT,Addis Ababa

The Institute ofHimalayan Bioresource

Technology (IHBT),Palampur, signed anagreement with M/s EthioAgri CEFT PIc, a member ofthe MIDROC group ofcompanies from Ethiopia on27 June 2008. Dr P.S. Ahuja,Director, and Dr Anil Sood,Scientist, IHBT, visited AddisAbaba, Ethiopia in January2008 on an invitation of thecompany to acquaintthemselves with the activitiesof the company and to explorethe areas of collaboration. InJune, Mr Yilma Yemane-Berhan, Gen. Manager andDr Tadele Worku, Sr Expertof Ethio Agri-CEFT visitedIHBT to sign the agreement.

IHBT would providetechnical support forpromoting cultivation of rose,geranium, stevia and someherbs in Ethiopia and also setup processing facilities forextraction of essential oils.The institute would alsofacilitate establishing a state-of-the-art facility for qualityanalysis of essential oils andpesticide residue analysis. Itwould also train the companytrainers both at IHBT andEthiopia.

MoUs/R&D HighlightsMoUs/R&D HighlightsMoUs/R&D HighlightsMoUs/R&D HighlightsMoUs/R&D Highlights

IHBT-WR-24: Rosa multiflora INGR 08066 IHBT-WR-16 : Rosa brunonii INGR No. 08067

IHBT-WR-23 : Rosa cathayensis INGR No. 08068 IHBT-WR-21 : Rosa alba INGR No. 08069

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There are several pottery orceramic industries in India

which produce pottery wares orsanitary wares. In making of theseceramic materials, lot of gypsumplaster is used to make potterymoulds. After few castings thepottery moulds are discarded andstockpiled near the ceramic plants.At present, the pottery moulds haveno use or little amount is consumedin cement manufacture. The mouldwaste is available to the extent ofhalf a million tonne per annum inIndia. The Central BuildingResearch Institute (CBRI), Roorkee,made concerted efforts to makevalue-added plasters/buildingmaterials from the pottery mouldwastes.

During the studies two samplesof gypsum waste were collected forthe purpose from pottery industriesfrom Gujarat. The gypsum crystalsare a jumble of subhedral toeuhedral prismatic, needle andtabular shaped crystals withpresence of occasional twinning(Figs 1-2). On wet sieving of the

gypsum samples (60 mesh), theimpurities present in gypsum wastewere reduced and the purity ofgypsum was improved by CBRIresearchers.

Regeneration throughHemihydrate Route

The ground gypsum samples(passing 150 micron IS sieve) werecalcined at 150-1600C to form Plasterof Paris (β-hemihydrate). It wasfound that after beneficiation, thesetting and strength values ofplasters are improved as perstandard requirements.

Regeneration throughAnhydrite Route

Regeneration of pottery gypsumhas been also studied throughanhydrite route by calcinations ofpottery gypsum lumps (0.25-0.50″)at 5000C, 7000C and 9000C. AtCBRI, the calcined gypsum sampleswere ground to the fineness of 400-430 m2/kg (Blaine), blended withchemical activators and compressive

strength of the plaster was determinedup to the period of 28 days. It wasfound that with 2% sodium sulphateactivator, the anhydrite cubesdevelop compressive strength of 10.7MPa (5000C), 30.8 MPa (7000C) and40 MPa (9000C) after 28 days ofhydration, respectively. The bulkdensity of cubes was 1.5, 1.72 and1.875 g/cc at 50000C, 70000C and9000C after 28 days of hydration,respectively. DTA showed anincrease in endotherms of doubledehydration of gypsum andexotherm for inversion of solubleanhydrite into insoluble anhydritewith increase in curing period. Theendotherms at 620-6300C and 760-7800C are due to lattice change ofclay mineral and decomposition ofCaCO3 present in pottery gypsumas the earthly impurities. Theintensity of endotherms was morepronounced at 9000C. The findings,based on studies made at CBRI,showed that 9000C is the optimumtemperature of inversion of potterygypsum into anhydrite.

The pottery gypsum regeneratedby hemihydrate and anhydriteroutes has great potential as buildingmaterial. The β-hemihydrateplaster is eminently suitable forceramic grade plaster, dental, cementmanufacture or building applications.The anhydrite plaster is suitable foruse in plastering (base and finish coat)in place of ‘Neeru or Birla putty’ oras high strength plaster for use inkitchen slabs and building blocks.These studies are entirely new andwill help in utilization of gypsum ofceramic industry procured fromwaste pottery moulds.

Fig-1: SEM of Pottery Gypsum SamplesMadhusudan Ceramics, Gujarat

Fig-2: SEM of Pottery Gypsum SamplesMondavi pottery, Gujarat

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Regeneration of Waste-pottery Gypsum at CBRI

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Dressing-up Nanoparticles with Antibiotics &their Concurrent Bimodal Growth at Infancy

Serendipitous discovery ofpenicillin marked the beginning

of the development of anti-bacterialcompounds, saving countless livesever since. The ‘prolonged use’,‘excessive use’ and ‘misuse’ ofantibiotics have given birth to arising fearsome species of multi-drugresistant microorganisms. After-all,‘Nature finds its way’!

In an effort to control andovercome this problem of antibiotic-resistance, scientists from NationalChemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune,(www.ncl-india.org) employednanoscience and nanotechnology todevise a new path of deliveringantibiotics. Thus, they used the ideaof dressing up or cappingnanoparticles with antibiotics.Cephalexin, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic was used for thein situ reduction and capping ofgold nanoparticles. Amine and thiolsare known to have greater affinityto gold surface. An NCL team ledby Pankaj Poddar from Physical andMaterials Chemistry Division,found that the sulphur moiety of theantibiotic is involved in thereduction and binding to the goldsurface using NMR and XPSstudies. They also found that themorphology is bimodal anddependent on a narrow window ofconcentration of chloroauric acid.This led them to further probe thenucleation and growth stages duringsynthesis, which fortunatelyprovided a slow-enough reactiontime to capture the nanocrystals atbirth and infancy.

According to Dr Poddar, “it is a

nightmare for chemists andphysicists to capture the ultrafastnucleation and growth events in situby using the available experimentaltechnique with accuracy. Owing tothese time-scales, so far, the studyof chemical pathways and thephysics involved in the formationof nanoparticles in the solutionphase have been most challengingand often unsuccessful.” To capturethe growth events at an early stage,the antibiotic mediated synthesisapproach adopted by NCL teamproved to be an excellent modelsystem due to its inherent slowreaction kinetics unlike most of thenanoparticle synthesis approacheswhere the reaction rate is quite fastand experimentally it becomesdifficult to follow the growth of thenanoparticles. In view of thepotential of one-pot synthesismethod adopted for the antibioticcapped gold nanoparticles, theNCL researchers used the in situdynamic light scattering (DLS)technique. Their initial DLS studiesgave themq u i t es u r p r i s i n gresults onthe growth ofb i m o d a ldistributionw h i c hhinted theexistence ofboth the sizer e g i m e sstarting fromthe earlystage of the

reaction. The NCL researcherswent ahead to collaborate with Prof.Martin Muschol’s group at theDepartment of Physics, Universityof South Florida, (USF) USA, to usetheir advanced DLS set-up. Workingwith Prof. Muschol and graduatestudent, Mr Avanish Singh Parmerat USF, the DLS equipment atUSF could validate the previousobservation of NCL team of theunusual nucleation and growthkinetics of gold nanoparticlessynthesized in the presence of theantibiotic cephalexin at differenttemperatures. The in situ DLSstudies in conjunction with in situUV-vis absorption measurementsand transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) gave someremarkable results where theyobserved the concurrent growth oftwo different sizes for the first timein solution phase.

Gold nanoparticle is a very wellstudied sol-system since the time ofMichael Faraday. However, aconcurrent growth of bimodal

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Note the

bimodal

growthOne pot synthesis of gold nanoparticlesmediated by antibiotic cephalexin

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distribution has not been reportedbefore in solution phase; a unique twopopulations of gold nanoparticles,throughout the growth period, atdifferent temperatures. Onepopulation is small, comprising of 1-3nm particles in size and the othercomprises large particles, 25-30 nm.Also within each temperature range,the scientists made unique anddifferent observations using differenttechniques.

As the total number of particlesize increases for both of the sizeregimes, their mean size and relativefrequency remained essentiallyconstant. The coupled growth of twodistinct populations of nuclei, theirtight control of size but rapid increasein overall numbers present novel andintriguing facets of this antibiotic-mediated solution growth of goldnanoparticles. Also, the size evolutionof the Mie-frequency exhibits anoticeable blue-shift in the UV-Visspectrum as the temperatureincreases, correlating with theroundness of the particle/bimodaldistribution.

This study can be an excellentmodel system to relook at the growthof the nanocrystals in solution phase.Apart from this, the antibioticscapped gold nanoparticles can befurther used in biomedicalapplications and cellular biologywhere the desired target molecule canbe tagged on the surface through thechemical moieties present. This is agreen approach, providing easy to usenanoparticles for bio-applications.

This work was highlighted at theNature India online.

For further information, contact:Dr Pankaj Poddar / Dr AsmitaPrabhune

Determination of Sugars and Picrosides inPicrorhiza species Using

Ultrasonic Extraction and High-performance Liquid Chromatography

Sugars play a critical role in regulating overall cellular metabolismin plants growing at high altitude. These plants have been found

to have high levels of sugars which enhance their tolerance to abioticstresses such as drought and freezing temperature i.e. at the timewhen little or no growth occurs in these plants. The sugars and sugaralcohols help to maintain the favourable ionic and osmotic balances inthese plants. Pamita Bhandari, Neeraj Kumar, Bikram Singh, andVijay K. Kaul of the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology(IHBT), Palampur, developed and validated a simple, sensitive,selective and reliable HPLC-ELSD method based on ultrasonicextraction and evaporative light scattering detection for simultaneousdetermination of important sugars (xylose, xylitol, mannitol, glucoseand sucrose) and picrosides (picroside-I and picroside-II) in two speciesP. kurroa and P. scrophulariiflora. The method was validated foraccuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantification according tothe guidelines provided at International Conference on Harmonization(ICH). The method showed good reproducibility for the quantificationof seven analytes in Picrorhiza species with intra-and inter-day variationof less than 2.0%. Their work has been published in the : Journal ofChromatography A (2008)- 1194: 257-261.

The study shows that in all the six samples of Picrorhiza species inwhich the developed HPLC method was applied to analyze sevenanalytes, glucose was recorded in large amount (1.32-3.57%) followedby sucrose (0.50-1.68%), xylose (0.33-1.39%) and mannitol (0.24-0.48%).However, xylitol was not detected in any of the samples. The totalpicrosides content showed significant variation in both Picrorhizaspecies. P. scrophulariiflora was found to contain larger amount oftotal picrosides (4.38-5.49%) than that present in P. kurroa (2.16-3.76%).P. scrophulariiflora collected from North Sikkim (4000m) showed thehigher amount of picroside-II (4.76%) and total picroside content(5.49%). It was found that in P. kurroa picroside-I was present inhigher amount (1.21-1.34%) as compared to picroside-II (0.88-1.36%).P. kurroa collected from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh (4100 m) was foundto contain larger amount of picroside-I (2.40%) and total picrosidescontent (3.76%) along with highest amount of glucose (3.57%), xylose(1.39%) and sucrose (1.68%). The simplicity of the proposed methodallows for application in laboratories that lack sophisticated analyticalinstruments, such as LC-MS or GC-MS.

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R&D Facilities/SymposiaR&D Facilities/SymposiaR&D Facilities/SymposiaR&D Facilities/SymposiaR&D Facilities/Symposia

In an endeavour to meet the Internationalstandards for development and commercialization

of herbal and Indian Ayurvedic drugs, biomoleculesand a wide range of organic compounds, a highlysophisticated and advanced LC/MS/MS facility hasbeen created at the Institute of Minerals & MaterialsTechnology (IMMT), Bhubaneswar. The system isconsisting of two components viz. Ultra PerformanceLiquid Chromatography and a high resolutionSYNAPT Mass Spectrometer. The instrument is themost powerful tool as of today for finger printing,quantification, exact mass determination, elemental

c o m p o s i t i o n ,characterization ofmolecules andp h a r m a c o l o g i c a lapplications.

The facility isopen for competitivecollaborations withreputed R&Dorganizations andIndustries.

For moreinformation contact:uvmavadani@immt.res.in/uvmavadani@yahoo.com.

Second National Symposium onAnalytical Sciences

The Indian Society of Analytical Scientists (ISAS) –Delhi Chapter and Institute of Himalayan

Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, organizedthe Second National Symposium on Analytical Sciences(NSAS) on the theme ‘Analytical Innovations for Processand Technology Development’ at IHBT, during 23-25November 2008.

ISAS – Delhi Chapter is a very dynamic scientificforum with its headquarters at Indian Oil CorporationLtd, R&D Centre, Faridabad. The sponsoring agenciesof the symposium were: Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,IHBT, Authentix (UK), Blue Star Limited, AdvanceScientific Equipments Pvt Ltd, Labindia InstrumentsPvt Ltd, and National Physical Laboratory (NPL),New Delhi. The symposium was organized with theaim to bring analytical experts dealing with the diverseaspects of analytical sciences in various researchdisciplines of Science & Technology together, andprovide a common platform for the academicians,researchers and technologists.

The symposium was inaugurated by Shri AnandKumar, Director, Indian Oil Corporation R&D. DrP.S. Ahuja, Director, IHBT, delivered the welcomeaddress.

Dr O.P. Sharma, Scientist-in-Charge, IVRI Centreat Palampur, delivered the keynote address on theemerging area of nanoparticles. Shri S. Makhija,Chairman, ISAS-DC delivered the welcome addresson behalf of ISAS-DC. The activities of ISAS-DC werebriefed by Dr A.S. Sarpal, Secretary, ISAS-DC andDGM R&D. Dr Ahuja inaugurated the Poster session.The vote of thanks was proposed by Dr Bikram Singh,Convener of the symposium.

Six posters were adjudged best by the panel ofexperts comprising Dr O.P. Sharma, Dr Ashu Gulati,Dr V.K. Kaul and Dr K.A. Suri, and were givencertificates along with cash prize of Rs 2000/- each.The symposium had nine invited lectures, 100 posterpresentations and 13 oral presentations.

UPLC CoupledSYNAPT MS Systeminstalled at IMMT

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The National Institute ofHydrology (NIH), Roorkee,

organized a National Seminar onConservation and Restoration ofLakes (CAROL – 2008) incollaboration with the NationalEnvironmental EngineeringResearch Institute (NEERI),Nagpur, during 16-17 October 2008at NEERI, Nagpur. The seminarwas inaugurated by Shri SatishChaturvedi, the then Minister forTextiles, Government of Maharashtra.

Speaking at the inauguralfunction, Shri Chaturvedi said thatas lakes play an important role inecosystem, scientists should workcollaboratively to conserve andrestore the lakes. Citing examplesof various lakes located at Nagpur,he urged the scientists to work forthe betterment of these lakes forimproving the quality of life of thepeople living in their vicinity, inNagpur. Shri Chaturvedi reiteratedthat Nagpur is famous for its manylakes. He informed that a Mumbaibased non-government organization(NGO) is conducting an ecologicalstudy of the city’s water bodies. Thestudy has been commissioned by theNagpur Municipal Corporation(NMC) as part of the city’s stormwater drain master plan. “A three-dimensional digital map of the city’swater bodies is being prepared bythe NGO,” he added. Shri

Chaturvedi said that the studycovers six lakes—Ambazari,Telangkhedi, Sonegaon, Gorewada,Sakkardara and Gandhisagar andNag and Pili rivers. It is not limitedonly to the water bodies but alsotheir catchment areas, he said. TheNGO will not only suggest ways forthe NMC to beautify water bodiesin an eco-friendly way and increasetheir accessibility but also identifythe spots where people could accessthe water bodies, and the time oftheir visit.

Speaking on the occasion, DrS.R. Wate, Head, EnvironmentalImpact and Risk AssessmentDivision, NEERI, said that lakesand coastal wetlands play a vital rolein the global ecosystems. Theirimportance has been recognized inthe maintenance of biodiversity,ecology, hydrology and recreation.

He said that “lakes provide habitatfor the wide variety of flora and faunaand help maintain the life cycle ofmany species. Many of world’s lakesand coastal wetlands havedeteriorated owing to exploitativeuse and improper management,causing irreparable damage to theexisting ecosystems and the life andculture of people living around,” headded. In such grim scenario, DrWate emphasized, that there is anurgent need to conserve and restorelakes for the improvement of life andhe assured that this seminar wouldbe immensely helpful in thisdirection.

Er P.S. Kelkar, Head, Geo-Environment ManagementDivision, NEERI, said that freshwater quality deteriorationand scarcity are threateningmany forms of life and may haveserious consequences for humans.“Realizing the ongoing andimpending threats to the lakes in theAsian region, region-wise initiatives,such as ‘Asian Wetland Inventoryand Asia Pacific MigratoryWaterbird Conservation Strategy’,have already begun,” he informed.However, it has been recognizedthat the human and financialresources currently allocated for theconservation of lakes and wetlandsin the Asian region are not sufficientand need to be strengthened,” he

Shri Satish Chaturvedi, the then Minister forTextiles, Government of Maharashtra,

speaking at the inaugural function

National Seminar on Conservation and Restorationof Lakes (CAROL – 2008)

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tourism etc.,” he added. Dr Choubeinformed that many lakes in thecountry have undergonequantitative and qualitativedegradation in the last few decades.They are under increasing stress togrowing demands, urbanization andhuman interference in thecatchments. Dr Choube cautionedthat many lakes are showing impactof elevated levels of pollution and,as a result, nutrients from thesewaters are becoming highlyunsuitable for many uses. “Sincebehaviour of the lake ecosystemdepends to a large extent on itshydrological regime, understandingthe hydrological regime of the lakesis very significant for developingstrategies for their conservation,restoration and management,” hesaid. Dr Choube said that CAROL– 2008 is very important as it wouldpersue the issues related toconservation, restoration andmanagement of lakes and the viewsand ideas would be exchanged ondifferent aspects of lake hydrology,limnology, etc. by bringingtogether of various researchers/scientists, academicians/scholars,engineers, bureaucrats/policymakers, planners, managers andnon-governmental organizations(NGOs), on single platform.

Shri Omkar Singh, Scientist EI,NIH, and Dr P.R. Pujari, Scientist C,Geo-Environment ManagementDivision, NEERI, also spoke on theoccasion. They said that the mainobjective of the seminar is to provide

added. Er. Kelkar said thatsuccessful conservation of lakes,and wetlands greatly depends on theproper management of theirwatersheds, but there areconflicting interests in the use oftheir resources. Therefore, it isvery important to have involvementof all of those concerned in theprocess of restoration, conservationand management of lakes,” headded. He said that there is animminent need to promote regionallinkages, develop strategicpartnership and follow goodpractices in the conservation andmanagement of lakes. It is alsoessential to establish new, andstrengthen ongoing regionaland international cooperation,linkages and strategic partnershipbetween governments, internationalagencies, universities, researchinstitutions, non-governmentalorganizations, local communities,private sectors and individuals, headded.

Dr V.K. Choube, Scientist F,NIH, Roorkee, said that theincreasing demand for fresh waterowing to ever growing populationcalls for proper conservation andmanagement of all the availablefresh water resources, includinglakes. “Lakes need special attentionas they are quite often the catalystsin the development of the region bysupplying water for variety of uses,such as drinking and civil watersupply, industrial supply, irrigation,aqua-culture, recreation and

a platform for all concerned to worktogether to conserve and wisely uselakes for the present and futurebenefit of mankind. They also threwlight on various hydrological aspectsrelated to conservation andrestoration of lakes.

During the two-day seminar,scientists/engineers from variousorganizations delivered theirlectures in different technicalsessions. The lectures weredelivered under the followingmajor themes: science of lakes/basichydrological and limnologicalprocesses in lake ecosystems; lakewater quality problems: monitoring,assessment and remediation; role ofnew technologies in lake studies(isotope application, remotesensing and GIS, modeling andDSS, etc.); impact of humaninterference in lakes/catchments ontheir ecosystems (land use changes,industrialization, urbanization,agricultural activities);conservation, restoration andmanagement strategies for lakes andsocial and economic aspects, peopleparticipation/mass awareness, etc.for sustainability of lakes.

Issues relating to commonlake problems, impaired uses,and possible causes of the problem,the importance of lake and itswatershed relationship, bestmanagement practices, variouslakes restoration techniques, etc.,were discussed in the seminar citingvarious problems.

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The National EnvironmentalEngineering Research Institute

(NEERI), Nagpur, organized a one-day seminar on 31 October 2008 tofelicitate Dr P. Nema, Scientist Gand Head, Air Pollution Control(APC) Division, who retired onsuperannuation on the same day. DrS.S. Gokhale, Director, VisvesvarayaNational Institute of Technology(VNIT), Nagpur, and Dr V. A.Mhaisalkar, Professor, Departmentof Civil Engineering, VNIT,delivered the lectures on thisoccasion.

Dr Gokhale’s lecture was on‘Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) Modelling and Its SpaceApplications’. He said thatComputational Fluid Dynamics isthe science of determining anumerical solution to the governingequations of fluid flow whilstadvancing the solution throughspace and time to obtain anumerical description of thecomplete flow field of interest. Therehas been considerable growth in thedevelopment and application ofCFD to all aspects of fluid dynamicsleading to CFD becoming astandard modelling tool widelyutilized within industry. There is aconsiderable demand for specialistsin the subject, to apply and developCFD methods throughoutengineering companies and researchorganizations, he added. DrGokhale covered all aspects of fluid

Dr S.S. Gokhale, Director,VNIT, Nagpur,

delivering his lecture

dynamics,particularlyt h o s erelevant toaerospaceapplications.He alsob r i e f e da b o u tb a s i cr e s e a r c h

and development to applied andadvanced technology, includingnovel experimental andcomputational observations. He alsogave information about theoretical,experimental, and numericalapproaches and also stated aboutinnovative concepts and analyses,especially new insight into flowphysics. Dr Gokhale urged scientiststo carry out novel research relatedto low and high speed flows,instability, transition, turbulence,vortex dynamics, and variousaspects of flow control. He alsoemphasized on the need of closesynergism and interaction betweena broad range of research disciplinesin fluid dynamics. Dr Gokhale saidthat CFD is a tool for engineeringapplications, providing excellentcareer opportunities. He informedthat CFD covers various areas, suchas from aerospace, turbo machinery,multi-phase flow and heat transfer,to microflows, environmental flowsand fluid-structure interactionproblems.

Speaking on air-space pollution,Prof. Gokhale expressed concernregarding it and explained thephenomenon of space pollution,technologies available forcounteracting the space pollutionand air traffic management. He saidthat the space has become crowdedowing to unlimited launches ofremote sensing satellites,communication satellites, weathersatellites, increasing air traffic andvarious space missions. Thissituation has created the spacepollution posing impacts on ourenvironment. Prof. Gokhaleemphasized the need for setting-upan effective action plan for variouslaunches so as to minimize the spacepollution. He urged the scientists toadvance science and technology tocombat the space pollution, andadvised the scientists to developsuch spacecrafts that can usehydrogen as the fuel, which wouldbe effective in reducing spacepollution. Prof. Gokhale said that theexhaust gases released byspacecrafts may cause hazards tothe earth; even these gases may formacid rain after reacting with watervapour. This kind of pollution hasnot been frequently noticed in ourcountry, since there have been veryfew launches and take-offs in thecountry compared to the developedcountries, he added. To save theozone layer, Prof. Gokhale stressedthe development of such eco-friendly

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Seminar to Felicitate Dr P. Nema at NEERI

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i n s t i t u t edeveloped aninventory ofevaporativeemissions ofhydrocarbons( m e t h a n eand VOCs)from varioussources in

Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai andChennai to assess the portion ofevaporative emissions of totalambient hydrocarbons and to designsuitable control measures, he added.Dr Chakrabarti informed that toassess the contribution of vehicularemissions to total air emissions,ambient air quality monitoring andemission source apportionmentstudies for Delhi were carried outunder his leadership. During thetenure of Dr P. Nema, NEERImade important contributions tominimize air pollution fromindustries and power stations, DrChakrabarti said.

On this occasion, variousscientists from Air Pollution ControlDivision and other Divisions ofNEERI expressed their viewsabout R&D contributions of Dr P.Nema for society and industry.Dr P. Nema also spoke on thisoccasion. He briefed about hisR&D experiences achieved whileworking in various capacities atNEERI and thanked the entire staffof NEERI for cooperation. Dr C.V.Chalapati Rao, Director GradeScientist, proposed the vote ofthanks.

combustion devices for spacecraftsas are being widely used inautomobiles to reduce the pollutionlevel. He further informed that theparticulate matter present in theexhausts of spacecrafts can interactwith the passage of sunlight andpromote cloud formation. To resolvethis problem, scientists are makingefforts to develop eco-friendlypropellents that will be able toreduce the particulate matter in theexhausts of spacecrafts. Prof.Gokhale advocated that noisepollution related to the spaceactivities should also be minimizedby using appropriate technologies inthe spacecrafts. He suggested thatcertain ecological indicators i.e.population, flora and fauna shouldbe taken into consideration whilelaunching the space missions. Itshould be ensured that the spacemission gets capsized in the sea incase of an accident, Prof. Gokhalealerted.

Delivering his lecture on‘Optimization of EnvironmentalManagement Systems’, DrMhaisalkar said that it is veryimportant to comply with laws andregulations, and other requirementsstipulated to protect theenvironment. Even regularenvironmental monitoring is verymuch required to take preventivemeasures in the country, he added.Dr Mhaisalkar emphasized on theneed to promote the protectionactivities related to the environmentat national and global levels. Whilebriefing about environmentally

sound technologies, he said that itis necessary to create new eco-friendly products usingenvironmentally sound technologiesonly. Industries should realizeenvironmentally compliantbusiness, he added. Dr Mhaisalkarsaid that there should beappropriate control of chemicalsubstances in products and thereshould be reliable compliance withglobal environmental regulations.He advocated that there is need tomake the existing environmental

managementsystem moreeffective. Her e i t e r a t e dthat suchp r o d u c t sshould bemanufacturedwhich areuseful for thepeople andenvironment.

He spoke about promoting the plansto prevent global warming. DrMhaisalkar urged scientists toenlighten, educate and createawareness among the people forenvironment protection.

Earlier, in his welcome address,Dr T. Chakrabarti, Acting Director,NEERI, mentioned about thesignificant contributions made byDr P. Nema during his tenure atNEERI. He said that under his ableguidance, NEERI maintained andupdated the national database on airquality of ten major Indian citiesfrom the last two decades. The

Dr V.A. Mhaisalkar,Professor in Environmental

Engineering, VNIT,delivering his lecture

Dr T. Chakrabarti, ActingDirector, NEERI delivering

the welcome address

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The National EnvironmentalEngineering Research

Institute (NEERI), Nagpur,organized a one-day UNIDO-MoEF sponsored stakeholdersworkshop on ‘Development ofNational Implementation Plan inIndia on UnintentionallyProduced POPs Dioxins andFurans Covering Western andCentral States of India’ in therecent past. The workshop wasinaugurated by Dr TapanChakrabarti, Acting Director,NEERI. Representatives fromvarious Organizations/Institutes/Units, such as UNIDO, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests (MoEF),Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB), State Pollution ControlBoards (SPCBs), National Institute ofOceanography (NIO), Goa,Conservator of Forest, Nagpur,Government Medical College,Nagpur, Biomedical Disposal Facility,Hazardous Waste Incinerators, NGOsand related industries of cementworks, ferrous and non-ferrous,textiles, copper etc. attended theworkshop.

In his welcome address, DrChakrabarti, emphasized on the use ofchlorine dioxide instead of chlorine inpulp and paper industries. There is aneed to address the problemsassociated with control of dioxins andfurans emitted by cement kilns, headded. Dr Chakrabarti stated that thestudy related to implications ofPersistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

should be undertaken right at thoseplaces where these are generated. Healso suggested to the MoEFrepresentatives that these issues needto be incorporated in policy makingand a comprehensive epidemiologicalstudy needs to be carried out fordioxins and furans, since POPs havepernicious toxic qualities and maycause endocrine disruption. Therelease and formation of suchcompounds are restricted in manycountries including India underStockholm Convention, which iseffective since 17 May 2004, DrChakrabarti informed.

During the workshop,representatives from variousOrganiza t ions /Ins t i tu tes /Uni tsexpressed their views on the subject.In the national interest, it was opinedthat since India is a party to theStockholm Convention on PersistentOrganic Pollutants (POPs), in order tomeet the requirements under this

Convention, the Government ofIndia will have to prepare andsubmit the National ImplementationPlan to the Secretariat of theConvention. It was informed thatMoEF is the nodal agency of theGovernment of India for theStockholm Convention, which isexecuting the project titled‘Development of NationalImplementation Plan in Indiaon Unintentionally ProducedPersistent Organic Pollutants’. Itwas also mentioned that underthis project a database on

unintentionally produced POPs isbeing prepared for the country. Forthis, three organizations, viz. CPCB;NEERI, Nagpur and National Institutefor Interdisciplinary Science &Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram,have been assigned the tasks ofsampling and data collection forpreparing a database on industrial andnon-industrial sources of dioxins andfurans.

Dr Y. P. Ramdev, Asstt RegionalCoordinator, UNIDO, gave a briefintroduction to Stockholm Conventionon POPs and development of nationalimplementation plan in India. Duringthe workshop, Dr Anupam Sarkar,Scientist, NIO, talked about POPs inenvironment and their toxicologicalaspects. Dr Neeta Thacker, Scientist andHead, Analytical Instruments Division,NEERI, mentioned about the role ofstakeholders for preparing nationalinventory on POPs and coordinatedthe proceedings of the workshop.

Workshop in progress: Dr Y.P. Ramdev giving the openingremarks; Dr Tapan Chakrabarti, Acting Director, NEERI

(in middle), and seated on his left: Dr (Mrs) N.P. Thackerand Dr (Mrs) Asha A. Juwarkar

WorkshopsWorkshopsWorkshopsWorkshopsWorkshops

Workshop on Development of National ImplementationPlan in India on Unintentionally Produced Persistent

Organic Pollutants (POPs)

CSIR NEWS140140140140140

NSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD Celebrations

National Science Day (NSD) is celebrated every year, through out the country, to commemorate thediscovery of the “RAMAN EFFECT” by Sir C. V. Raman. As in the past, this year also several CSIR

institutes organized special programmes on this occasion.

National Science Day celebrations at CIMAP, NAL, NCL, NEIST and NGRI:

Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow

On the occasion of the NationalScience Day at the Central Instituteof Medicinal & Aromatic Plants(CIMAP), Lucknow, a debatecompetition on ‘Role of Science inthe Context of Economic Recession’was organized in which about 20Research Students, Project Fellowsand Graduate Trainees participated.The winners of the debatecompetition are : Graduate TraineesCategory: Archana (First), Abhinav

Trivedi (Second), and Rishi RajShukla (Third). Shiv ShankarPandey and Stuti Sinha got theConsolation Prizes.

In the Research FellowsCategory: Shikha Upadhyay Mishra(First), Sudhakar Tiwari (Second),and Gaurav, and Raj Dwivedi (Third),Vishal Singh got the Consolation Prize.

In the forenoon CIMAPobserved ‘Open Day’ for generalpublic including students. On the

occasion, students of variouscolleges including IT College, AmityUniversity, Rameshwaram Collegeand other visitors went around thevarious labs of the institute and gotthemselves acquainted with thevarious ongoing research activities.The poster exhibition in theExpression Gallery and livedemonstration of experiments andinstruments were the majorattractions.

National Science DayNational Science Day

Clockwise: (Clockwise: (Clockwise: (Clockwise: (Clockwise: (top lefttop lefttop lefttop lefttop left) Panel of the Judges () Panel of the Judges () Panel of the Judges () Panel of the Judges () Panel of the Judges (from leftfrom leftfrom leftfrom leftfrom left) Dr Seema Javed, Dr G. C. Uniyal and Dr U.C. Lavania; and Visitors at the Expression Gallery) Dr Seema Javed, Dr G. C. Uniyal and Dr U.C. Lavania; and Visitors at the Expression Gallery) Dr Seema Javed, Dr G. C. Uniyal and Dr U.C. Lavania; and Visitors at the Expression Gallery) Dr Seema Javed, Dr G. C. Uniyal and Dr U.C. Lavania; and Visitors at the Expression Gallery) Dr Seema Javed, Dr G. C. Uniyal and Dr U.C. Lavania; and Visitors at the Expression Gallery

15 MAY 2009 141141141141141

National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore

The National AerospaceLaboratories (NAL), Bangalore,celebrated National Science Day byorganizing the National Conferenceon Recent Advances in SurfaceEngineering (The conference was apart of NAL’s Golden Jubileecelebrations) at the S R ValluriAuditorium, on 27 February 2009.Dr M. R. Nayak welcomed thegathering and introduced the ChiefGuest Prof. H. P. Khincha,Vice Chancellor, VisvesvarayaTechnological University (VTU),

Belgaum. Prof. Khincha delivered the

National Science Day Lecture on‘Creativity and Entrepreneurship inEducation’. His lecture focused oncreativity, inspiration for innovationsand entrepreneurship culture. Hesaid that higher education is themarket place of ideas. We need tohunt for new science, newtechnology, new innovationprocesses, new technology transferand connect science and technology.

Earlier, Dr A. R. Upadhya,

Director, NAL, in his Presidentialremarks said that Prof. Khincha isat the helm of affairs of the largesttechnological university so he is theright person to talk about Creativityand Entrepreneurship in Education.He further said that the Universityis a store house of knowledge wherethe creativity and innovation spiritbuilds up.

The programme concludedwith a vote of thanks by Dr M. N.Sathyanarayana, Jt. Head,KTMD.

National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune

At National ChemicalLaboratory (NCL), Pune, Prof. N.Kumar, Homi Bhabha DistinguishedProfessor, Raman ResearchInstitute, Bangalore, delivered alecture on ‘Viewing Raman ThroughHis Effects’ on the occasion of theNational Science Day.

Prof. Kumar initiated his lectureby briefing the audience on thephenomena of scattering of light andon Raman Effect. He conveyed thespirit and excitement associatedwith the work of Prof. C. V. Raman,a Nobel Prize winner in 1930 for hiswork on the scattering of light. SirC. V. Raman made the epoch makingdiscovery on the “MolecularDiffraction of Light,” on 28 February1928, a date permanently etched inthe annals of the Indian Science.

Prof. Kumar described Prof.Raman as a person for whom thereal inspiration of science camefrom the love of Nature. He said that

Prof. Raman could sense science ineveryday life. He was curious onquestions like ‘why is the sky blue’,‘why is the deep sea blue’ etc., andthis was what led Prof. Raman intohis exploration of the study ofinteraction of light with matter.According to Prof. Raman’s findingsthe blue colour of the sea was dueto the light scattering from themolecules of water and the bluecolour of the sky was due to thescattering of light by the differentmolecules present in theatmosphere. Prof. Kumar discussedRaman’s work on the polarizationeffects and on fluorescence. He saidthat it was possible to see the starsthrough a polarizer at a particularangle from the Sun’s rays. Prof.Kumar briefed the audience on Prof.Raman’s paper of light scatteringand viscosity of light that waspublished in Nature in 1938. Prof.Kumar also highlighted Prof.

Raman’s work on the acoustics ofmusical instruments. Prof. Ramanwas the first to investigate theharmonic nature of sound of the

Prof. N. Kumar, Homi BhabhaDistinguished Professor, Raman Research

Institute, Bangalore, deliveringa lecture on ‘Viewing Raman Through

His Effects’ on the occasion ofthe National Science Day

NSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD Celebrations

CSIR NEWS142142142142142

Prof. Kumar is a distinguishedalumnus of NCL, having worked asa Scientist and doing his doctoralresearch at NCL under thesupervision of Prof. K. P. Sinha.

On the occasion, posters ontopics of interest were displayed byresearch scholars and projectassistants. There were more than140 posters on display for two days,out of these 18 posters wereawarded.

The award for best researchpaper published during 2008 andScience Day Posters awards, wereannounced by Dr Sourav Pal,Chairman, Students AcademicCommittee and Head, Physical andMaterials Division. Prof. Kumardistributed the awards. KeerthiSangoram Endowment Awards for“Best Research Scholars” for theyear 2008 was given to seven

Indian drums like tabla etc. Prof.Kumar ended his lecture with adramatic illustration of aphenomenon for which he said thereis no satisfactory explanation as yet.He spun a small coin on a glassplate. As the coin slowly came to ahalt, the sound caused by spinningreached a high pitch (crescendo).The question was why was the pitchof sound increasing when the rateof spinning was reducing.

Earlier, Dr S. Sivaram, Director,NCL, in his welcome remarksintroduced Prof. Kumar to theaudience and gave his credentials.Prof. Kumar, former Director,Raman Research Institute,Bangalore, and a distinguishedphysicist, has a number of awardsto his credit including the Bhatnagaraward in 1995 in Physical sciences.Dr Sivaram pointed out that

students; Nanai Natu Award for‘Best Publication’ in organicchemistry with the highest impactfactor for the Scientists to Dr V.R.Pedireddi, scientist, OrganicChemistry Division for his paperand Dr Rajappa Award for ‘BestPublication’ in organic chemistrywith the highest impact factor for theresearch scholars to Mr Amit Delori.

Maneckji & ShirinbaiNeterwala Foundation NCL RFScientist of the Year Award Lecturewas delivered by Dr P. A. Joy,Scientist, Physical and MaterialsChemistry Division, and Dr C.Ramesh, Scientist, Polymer Science& Engineering Division. Dr R. A.Mashelkar Endowment Fund NCLRF Scientist of the Year AwardLecture was delivered by Dr B. L.V. Prasad, Scientist, Physical andMaterials Chemistry Division.

North East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST), Jorhat

The North East Institute ofScience & Technology (NEIST),Jorhat, celebrated the NationalScience Day on 2 March 2009(instead of usual 28 February onaccount of it being a holiday). Thecelebration function was presidedover by Dr R. C. Barua, NEIST.The Chief Guest Prof. KankanBhattacharyya of Indian Associationfor Cultivation of Science, Kolkata,delivered the National Science Daylecture on ‘Rise of Modern Sciencein India’. The function was largelyattended by invited dignitaries,distinguished scientists, students,teachers, science fans and othersbesides the scientific fraternity ofNEIST, both old and new.

Welcoming the Chief Guest DrP. Sengupta, Scientist, NEIST spokeabout the importance of the day. DrBarua, in his Presidential Addressmentioned some of achievements ofthe NEIST in recent times.

Prof. Bhattacharyya in hislecture recalled the devotion,dedication and patriotism of theIndian Scientific geniuses like DrMahendralal Dutta, Dr J. C. Bose,Dr P. C. Roy and Dr S. A.Ramanujan, who against all odds,steadfastly pursued research,established themselves as worldclass scientists and built thefoundation for the Indian Science.He implored the young scientists tobe patriotic, dedicated and devoted

to the research work and make thecountry proud. He also mentionedabout the remarkable achievementmade in India by way of GreenRevolution, White Revolution,Medicine, Poultry, Diamond Cuttingby Laser, Textile, Software and‘Nano’ car of the present day.Towards the end he mentioned aboutthe progress of research on LASER,chemical reaction dynamics,breaking and movement of chemicalbonds and estimation of thedynamics in femtosecond. Thefunction concluded with the vote ofthanks by Dr Puja Khare, Scientist,NEIST.

Earlier, the day was declared as‘Open Day’. Nearly 1000 students

NSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD CelebrationsNSD Celebrations

15 MAY 2009 143143143143143

from various nearby schools and colleges along withteachers visited the laboratory and interacted with thescientists.

National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI), Hyderabad

Shri P.K. Bhowmick, Group General Manager andHead, KDMIPE, ONGC, Dehra Dun who was the ChiefGuest during National Science Day function at theNational Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI),Hyderabad, delivered the Science Day Lecture on ‘Searchfor New Hydrocarbons in Natural and Semi-natural basins’.Shri Bhowmick stressed on the need of oil recovery andalternative energy sources such as Coal Bed Methane andGas Hydrates while reviewing the present scenario of oiland gas exploration in the Indian context.

On this occasion, the Annual Report 2007-08 of NGRI,the Research Output 2008 and Contributions of Gravityand Magnetic Studies Group 1997-2006 were also releasedby the Chief Guest.

Earlier, Dr V.P. Dimri, Director, NGRI, welcomed thedistinguished gathering.

Dr Y.J. Bhaskar Rao, Director Grade Scientist,proposed a vote of thanks.

NSD Celebrations/Honours & AwardsNSD Celebrations/Honours & AwardsNSD Celebrations/Honours & AwardsNSD Celebrations/Honours & AwardsNSD Celebrations/Honours & Awards

Shri P.K. Bhowmick, releasing one of the publications ofNGRI on the occassion

Dr Sudesh KumarYadav, Scientist,

Institute of HimalayanBioresource Techno-logy(IHBT), Palampur, hasbeen conferred by theCouncil of the IndianNational Science Academy,the INSA Medal for YoungScientist-2008 for hisoutstanding contributions in measuringmethylglyoxal (MG) in plants for the first timeand demonstrating the importance of MGdetoxification by glyoxalase pathway inconferring stress tolerance in plants.Methylglyoxal (MG), the primary substrate ofglyoxalase pathway, is produced through variousroutes inside the cell of living organismsincluding plants. However, a certain level ofMG that varies from species to species isimportant for the normal development andgrowth of plants. Under abiotic stresses, MGlevels increase resulting in cellular toxicity. Toovercome this, genetic engineering of glyoxalasepathway comprising two enzymes glyoxalase Iand glyoxalase II, has been found to be animportant strategy in ameliorating the effect ofabiotic stresses. Overexpression of glyoxalaseenzymes protect plants from oxidative damagethrough direct degradation of increased MG aswell by maintaining GSH redox homeostasiswhich otherwise gets disturbed in plant cellsupon their exposure to environmental stresses.The work was carried out at ICGEB, NewDelhi, as a part of his postdoctoral work underDBT Fellowship.

Dr Sudesh joined IHBT as Scientist C in2004. He is a BOYSCAST Fellow. He has 25publications so far in journals of internationalrepute.

Dr Sudesh Kumar YadavConferred INSA Medal-2008

CSIR NEWS144144144144144

Honours & AwardsHonours & AwardsHonours & AwardsHonours & AwardsHonours & Awards

Prof. Samir K.B r a h m a c h a r i ,

Director General,CSIR, has beenselected for Shri OmPrakash BhasinAward for Scienceand Technology for2008, in the field ofBiotechnology. TheAward carries a cash prize,a citation and a plaque. The awards are givenevery year, by Shri Om Prakash BhasinFoundation for Science and Technology, inthe fields of: Agriculture and Allied Sciences(including Animal Husbandry, Horticulture,Forestry, Fisheries, Bio-mass Production);Biotechnology (including Modern Biology,Microbiology and Immunology); Electronicsand Information Technology; Engineering(including Energy and Aerospace); andHealth and Medical Sciences.

The Awards are given for significantcontributions of a pure or applied nature oroutstanding scientific leadership in variousfields of Science and Technology. The workshould have made (or have the potential tomake) a significant impact on nationaldevelopment, or bring renown to thecountry.

The Award will be formally presentedat an Awards Presentation Ceremony, laterthis year.

Dr Madhukar Onkarnath Garg,Director, Indian Institute of

Petroleum (IIP), Dehra Dun, has beenelected a Fellow of the Indian NationalAcademy of Engineering (INAE) inrecognition of his distinguishedcontribution to “Engineering”. Hisfellowship will become effective from1 January 2009.

Founded in 1987, INAE comprises India’s mostdistinguished engineers, engineer-scientists and technologistscovering the entire spectrum of engineering disciplines. Itfunctions as an apex body to promote and advance the practiceof engineering and technology and the related sciences anddisciplines in India and their application to problems ofnational importance. INAE also encourages inventions,investigations, and research in pursuit of excellence in the fieldof Engineering. The Academy is registered under the SocietiesRegistration Act 1860 and is an autonomous institutionsupported partly through grant-in-aid by Department ofScience & Technology, Government of India. It is the onlyengineering Academy in India and is recognized as a Scientificand Industrial Research Organisation (SIRO) by theDepartment of Scientific and Industrial Research, Governmentof India. INAE is a Member of the international Council ofAcademies of Engineering and Technological Sciences(CAETS). INAE honours Indian and foreign nationals whoare elected by peer committees in recognition of their personalachievements in engineering which are of exceptional meritand distinctive eminence in new and developing fields oftechnology. The fellows on election to the Academy are entitledto use abbreviated title “FNAE”. Upto 50 Fellows fromAcademia, Research & Development, Industry, Governmentand others may be elected each year from nominations madeby Fellows of INAE affiliated to various Engineering Sections.The total number of Fellows at any one time may not exceed800. The Academy as on 1 January 2008 had 589 Fellows fromIndia and 44 Foreign Fellows on its rolls divided into tenEngineering Sections.

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Subscription Complaint No: 25843359

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Prof. S.K. Brahmachariselected for

Shri Om Prakash BhasinAward for Science and

Technology (2008)

Dr M. O. Garg elected a Fellow of INAE