issn: 0975-766x available online through research article ... · sangu parpam was prepared by the...

V.N. Meena devi *et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology

IJPT | Sep-2010 | Vol. 2 | Issue No.3 | 634-641 Page 634

ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through Research Article

www.ijptonline.com STANDARDIZATION OF SIDDHA DRUG ‘SANGU PARPAM’ USING

INFRARED SPECTRUM V.N. Meena devi * 1 P. Nagendra Prasad 2 & K. Kalirajan 3

1 Department of Physics, Noorul Islam University, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari Dist – 629 180, Tamilnadu. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli Dist. -627412.

3 PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi,TamilNadu. India. a Department of Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi,TamilNadu. India.

Email: [email protected] Received on 29-07-2010 Accepted on 12-08-2010 Abstract The traditional medicine is widely used for various human ailments in which plant products are

largely used for drug preparation. In Indian medicine till now there is not a single method for the

standardization of drug. In the Siddha medicine Sangu parpam is widely used for the treatment of

indigestion, acidity, hyperacidity, ulcer, carminative and piles. It is used externally for various skin diseases,

pimples and skin crack. Sangu parpam is a product is taken in this present study for standardization by using

IR spectrum.

Keywords: IR Spectrum, Sangu parpam, Siddha drug, Standardization, Traditional medicine Introduction The traditional medicine is widely used for various human ailments. The usage of herbal medicine

could be even traced right from the beginning of mankind. Man tried to know about the plants around him to

satisfy his basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing1. All plants in this planet are important because of

its medicinal qualities. Traditional system of medicines has become significantly more popular all over the

globe because of the effective and curative nature for chronic disease with less toxicity. The medicinal plant

contains one or more active principles to cure the diseases2.



In India mainly there are four types of medical systems namely Siddha, Ayurvedic, Unnani and

Homeopathy3. In all these above systems the plant is used as a main drug to cure the various ailments4.

Siddha system of medicine is one among the great heritages of India especially in Tamilnadu. In Siddha

system of medicine the drugs sources are mainly obtained from plants and some from the animal products,

minerals and metals. The various parts of the plants namely roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and nuts or the

entire plant is used as drugs. In the Siddha system there are different types of drugs like decotion

(Kasayam), parpam (mixture of plant and animal in powder form), chendhuram (mixture of plant products

and metals), lekayams (paste) and mathirai (tablets). In Indian medicine till now there is not a single method

for the standardization of the preparation. Sangu parpam is a product is taken in this present study for

standardization.

Sangu Parpam is prepared by mixing the animal product Sangu (Bivalvae Shells) and the plant parts

like leaf, flower and whole plant. In the Siddha medicine Sangu parpam is widely used for the treatment of

indigestion, acidity, hyperacidity, ulcer, carminative and piles. It is used externally for various skin diseases,

pimples and skin crack.

Materials and methods

Sangu parpam was prepared by the methods prescribed in the Siddha literature. In the Siddha

literature, Sangu parpam can be prepared by using the marine shell (Bivalvae shells) and any one of the

plant juice namely Borriea hispida (Nattaichurai), Nelumbium speciosum( Tamarai leaf) and Pistia stratiotes

(Agasatamarai). In this present study three samples of Sangu parpam were prepared by mixing the plant

juices separately with Bivalvae shells. Another three samples of Sangu parpam were obtained from the

pharmacuteecial companies namely Lakshmi Seva Sangam (Gandhigram), IMCOPS (Chennai) and Gopal

Assan (Nagercoil). The physical properties like solubility, colour and pH of sample were analysed. The

Infrared spectroscopic analysis of these samples was done. From the spectrum the functional groups were

identified and they are correlated with the curative nature of the drug.



Result and Discussion

All the six samples are partially soluble in water and pH ranges and the physical nature of the sample

are given in table 1. The IR spectrum for shell with Nattaichurai, sample 1 was given in fig 1. The IR

spectrum for shell with Tamarai leaf, sample 2 was given in fig 2. The IR spectrum for shell with

Agasatamarai, sample 3 was given in fig 3. The IR spectrum for samples obtained from Lakshmi Seva

Sangam (Gandhigram), sample 4, IMCOPS (Chennai) sample 5 and Gopal Assan (Nagercoil) sample 6 were

given in fig 4, 5 and 6 respectively.

Table 1: Physical parameters

Sl No. Colour pH value

1 Milky white 8.2

2 Yellowish orange 8.0

3 Very light ash 8.5

4 Light ash colour 7.2

5 Light white 10.2

6 Very light yellow 9.2

Figure 1: The IR spectrum for shell with Nattaichurai - sample 1.



Figure 2: The IR spectrum for shell with Tamarai leaf - sample 2.

Figure 3: The IR spectrum for shell with Agasatamarai - sample 3.



Figure 4: The IR spectrum for shell with Lakshmi Seva Sangam (Gandhigram) - sample 4.

Figure 5: The IR spectrum for shell with IMCOPS (Chennai) - sample 5.


IJPT | Sep-2010 | Vol. 2 | Issue No.3 | 634-641 39

Figure 6: The IR spectrum for shell with Gopal Assan (Nagercoil) - sample 6.

The pH value of all the samples ranges from 7.2 to 10.2 which correspond to the alkaline range.

The main functional groups of all the samples are alkane, hydroxyl group, amine, imine, amide,

phosphate and phosphorous compounds, silicon and secondary amines.

The presence of functional group like silicon and phosphorous compounds, acid anhydrides is

confirmed by the IR specrtrum. The partially soluble nature and the alkaline pH (8-9) of all the samples also

confirm the usage of Sangu parpam for the treatment of indigestion, ulcer and hyperacidity.

The functional groups like amines, imines and alkane residues make the Sangu parpam effective for

the skin disease, skin cracks and pimples.

The phosphate compound present in these samples makes the product as a main source of energy,

which is used in the ATP synthesis, oxidation of food through respiratory cycle.



There is no appropriate technique for the standardization of Indian medicine especially for the

Siddha drug 5. The different pharmaceutical companies and the village physicians prepare their medicine

based on same ancient literature available in the palm leaves. The preparation varies from place to place

according to the availability of the main raw materials particularly the plant materials.

In the modern system of medicine, every drug in the market has been standardized on the basis of

the active principles present in that drug which is more useful for curing the specific ailments. This is

lacking in the Indian system of medicine. In order to overcome the difficulty a novel attempt has been made

to standardize the Siddha drug by using the simple and well known Infrared spectral method.

Infrared spectroscopic studies of different samples of Sangu parpam clearly indicates that the final

product is identical in all the cases irrespective of mixing the different plant juices available in the different

regions used for the preparations. Moreover the spectral analysis helps to speculate the functional groups

present in the drugs. From the nature of the functional groups, the curative property of the drug can be easily

determined scientifically.

Any number of samples available in the market can be tested for the quality of drug by using the IR

spectroscopic analysis and it is a potential tool for testing the quality of Indian medicine in the market.

Acknowledgement:

One of the authors Dr. P. Nagendra Prasad is thankful to the University Grants Commission for the

financial support. (F.No.35-25/2008 (SR))



References

1. P.V. Sharma. Siddha medicine. In History of Medicine in India (Ed.) P. V. Sharma. New Delhi: The

Indian National Science Academy, 1992, 445-450.

2. Pulok K Mukherjee, Sujay Rai , V Kumar , Kakali Mukherjee, P.J Hylands , RC Hider. Expert

Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2(5), 633-657 (2007).

3. Premalatha Balachandran, Rajgopal Govindarajan. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery. 2(12), 1631-

1652 (2007).

4. B. V. Subbarayappa.. Chemical practices and alchemy. In A Concise History of Science in India

(Eds.) D. M. Bose, S. N. Sen and B. V. Subbarayappa. New Delhi: Indian National Science

Academy. 315-335 (1971).

5. A.T. Elamthuruthy, C.R. Shah, T.A. Khan and P.A. Tatke. Journal of Pharmaceutical and

Biomedical Analysis 37(5), 937-941 (2005).

For correspondence* V.N. Meena devi * Email: [email protected]

issn: 0975-766x available online through research article ... · sangu parpam was prepared by the...

Documents