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ISSN 1206-4394

The Heritage Gazette of the Trent ValleyVolume 6, number 3, November 2001

Table of Contents

The Heritage Gazette of the Trent Valley / Trent Valley Archives 2Trent Valley Archives / Trent Valley Ancestral Research 2Membership 3Books Fairview Heritage Centre 3Glory Days: Glendon Hall, the Wood's country seat on the edge of the city, has alwaysset a high architectural standard John P. M.. Court 4The Wood family John P. M.. Court 4Queries Bill Amell and Marguerite Young 6 Carey / Carew ; Mathews

Census Takers Qualifications 7Parish registers in the Anglican Diocese of Toronto Elwood H. Jones 7Don Cournoyea Collection Peterborough’s Deer Hunters off to their Favourite Trails Peterborough Examiner 9Fifty Years Ago: Firefighters and the Zacks Fire, 1951 Don Willcock 10Howard Pammett’s Peterborough Irish : serialization, part 7 11 Chapter 7 Locating and Settling the Emigrants Howard Pammett 11Martha Ann Kidd Collection Liquor Licenses, Peterborough County, 1876 Peterborough Review 23 Peterborough, 1851 Canada Directory 24 Robert Nicholls Sells Property, 1876 Peterborough Review 26A New Index for TVA Material Fraser Dunford 27Anson House Book a GreatSuccess 28Historical Maps of Canada 28Other Recent Works 29 Cole, This Blessed Wilderness; Mackenzies, Obituaries from the Peterborough Examiner; Manson, House Calls

In Memorian: James L. Moloney Keith Dinsdale and Elwood Jones 29Osborne Collection Fraser Dunford 30Passing Comments on Recent Events 30 Heritage Pavilion Productions; Lech Furriers

Manager’s Report Keith Dinsdale 31Trent Valley Archives / Trent Valley Ancestral Research / Heritage Gazette 32

Cover photo: Ashburnham pioneers John W. Wood and Jane Porter Wood about 1906, proudly reflecting a close-knit and

increasingly prosperous family, hosted a celebration with their surviving grown children at their newly constructed 404 BelmontAvenue residence, designed by the renowned Toronto firm of Sproatt & Rolph Architects, and built by William Langford ofPeterborough. Back row (left to right): Edward Rogers Wood, George Wood, Roland (Roly) Wood; Middle row: Eleanor (Nell)Wood, Mrs. Jane P. Wood, John W. Wood, Annie Wood; Front row: Wallace Wood, Frank Porter Wood.. This photo, ca.1906(photographer unknown, likely a Peterborough studio) courtesy of the Wood Family descendants and historian John P.M. Court.

Fairview Heritage Centre567 Carnegie Avenue

Peterborough Ontario K9L 1N1

(705) 745-4404 [email protected]

www.trentvalleyarchives.com

The Heritage Gazette of the Trent Valley Volume 6, number 3, November 2001 2

The Heritage Gazetteof the Trent Valley

ISSN 1206-4394

Fairview Heritage Centre567 Carnegie Avenue

Peterborough ON K9L 1N1(705) 745-4404

[email protected]


Editor:Elwood Jones, [email protected]

Editorial Board:Keith DinsdaleAndre DorfmanFraser Dunford

Rae FlemingDon Willcock

Advertising accepted

The Heritage Gazette of theTrent Valley is published by theTrent Valley Archives, for itsmembers.

We welcome articles relating tolocal and family history, and toarchives, or to the methods bywhich one may pursue these.Reviews of books or institutionsare encouraged. We also includeinformation about the activitiesof our various committees andprojects.

The information and opinionsexpressed are those of thecontributors and not necessarilythose of the Trent ValleyArchives or its directors.

©2001 Trent Valley Archives

Any copying, downloading oruploading without the explicitconsent of the editor isprohibited. Classroom use isencouraged, but please informthe editor of such use.

Trent Valley ArchivesTrent Valley AncestralResearch

Your five counties archives centreArchives * Heritage * Genealogy

Fairview Heritage Centre567 Carnegie AvenuePeterborough ON K9L 1N1(705) [email protected]


Trent Valley Archives wasfounded in 1988, and incorporated in 1989. It is apublic advocacy group promotingthe preservation, identificationand care of archives. It has alsoadvocated more liberal access toarchival collections, and arecognition that freedom ofinformation laws should beexactly that. In particular itfavours the development ofpublic regional and countyarchives, or barring that strongmunicipal archives. It realizesthat reo rganizat ions o fgovernments lead to inadvertentdestruction of records and offershelp in meeting such difficulties.

It encourages businesses andorganizations to include archivingas a part of their recordsmanagement programs. It assistsindividuals in keeping archives orfind-ing suitable homes. It hasaccepted archival documents andfonds when necessary and themove to the Fairview HeritageCentre was partly prompted bythe need to make its holdingsaccessible.

Our holdings include microfilmrecords of the Roman CatholicDiocese of Peterborough, StJohn’s Anglican Church Archives,and the censuses of the fivecounties for 1871 and for allcensus years in Peterborough

county, 1851 to 1901.

Other significant collectionsinclude Lakefield newspaperssince 1949, the radio archives ofFrank Schoales, and the personalarchives of Howard Pammett, J.Alex Edmison, Archie Tolmie,Albert Hope, and others.Recently, we have been addingthe following archival records:Del ledone co l lect ion onLakefield’s history; the AnsonHouse archives, 1862 to thepresent; the Dyer family papersrelated to the history ofPeterborough, recreationalactivities (including a magnificentarchive related to pigeon racingin the 1960s and 1970s). Thereare now 35 collections of archivalrecords relating to variousaspects of Victoria andPeterborough counties.

In addition to the Research RoomLibrary, the Trent Valley Archiveshas books, journals andnewsletters relating to archivalorganizations, the history andfunction of archives, and issuessurrounding freedom ofinformation, legislation relatingto municipal government,Hansard for the 1980s, Journalsof the House of Commons andSenate, for the 1980s, and otherbooks relating to farming, publichistory, architectural and otherissues.

The Trent Valley ArchivesAncestral Research Committeeoversees our many ventures infamily history, and researchingthe many queries that wereceive. Our Reading Roomhouses a significant library oflocal books, cemetery records,family histories, and some of ourmicrofilm collections.Our growing Genealogy Programcomputer database contains over132,000 names, main lyconnected to original families ofthe Trent Valley.


The Irish Heritage ResearchCentre has a fine and growingcollection of pamphlets,magazines and other materialsrelating to research on Irishmigration and family history onboth sides of the Atlantic.The Trent Valley Archives nowhas holdings that relate to childmigration, as well.

Membership

The reading room is open tomembers from Monday toFriday, 10 to 4:30, and othertimes by appointment. Annualmemberships, $40. Special ratesfor university students can bearranged.. The major benefits ofmembership are unlimited useof the reading room at theFairview Heritage Centre,subscription to Heritage Gazetteof the Trent Valley, invitations tos p e c i a l e v e n t s , a n dopportunities to help in thediverse work of the Trent ValleyArchives, of the Trent ValleyArchives Ancestral Researchcommittee, of the Irish Heritagecommittee and various otherheritage activities.

Board of Directors

William AmellKeith DinsdaleAndre DorfmanRonald Doughty Fraser Dunford Robert Dunford

Rae FlemingElwood Jones, President

Martha Ann Kidd.Dr John Martyn

Jim MoloneyDon Willcock

Marguerite Young

Books on Genealogy and Local History and

general interest

We carry an amazing array ofbooks and other items related to local history, family history and genealogy. We have some out-of-print titles and we are alwayswilling to help those seeking anelusive title. Browsers welcome.

We are happy to announce thatwe are selling many new titles,including hot-off-the-press, TrentUniversity’s History 475 students,Anson House: a refuge and ahome, edited by Elwood Jonesand Brendan Edwards. The booksells for $20, and is loaded withnames of people associated withPeterborough’s history.

We are also proud to be sellingmany of the recent Ontariohistorical atlases which havebeen reprinted.

Our members get the best pricepossible on new titles and also ontreasures from the past to whichwe have access.

Among the titles currently beingsold in our reading room (withprices for members) are:• Nelson’s Falls to Lakefield, a

history of the village (1999) • The Past is Simply a beginning:

Peterborough Doctors 1825-1993, by Dr John Martyn(1993), $30

C Mizgiiyaakwaa-tibelh : Lake-field ... a look at its heritage,Gordon Young, ed. (1999), $50

C A History of North MonaghanTownship, by Alta Whitfield(1989) a super special at $15

C The Peter Robinson Settlementof 1825, Bill LaBranche.(1975), $5

• Historical at lases forPeterborough, Victor ia,Hastings & Prince Edward,Carleton, York, Lennox&Addington

• Martha Ann Kidd, Sketches ofPeterborough, $20

• Maps: Birdseye Peterborough1875, Douro & Dummer 1840,Smith early settlers.

• William Ogilvie, Way DownNorth and 49th Parallel, only $5each

• A.O.C. Cole, VictorianSnapshot

• Trent University’s History 475Class, Anson House: a refuge &a home, $18

• Sherrell Branton Leetooze,Durham County History, 7vols; and other writings

and many other titles. If you are looking for something,let us know.Ask us about archival supplies forthe preservation of your photos,letters and memorabilia. We alsocarry titles not listed and willsearch for others.

Trent Valley Archives BooksFairview Heritage Centre567 Carnegie AvenuePeterborough ON K9L 1N1

(705) [email protected] www.trentvalleyarchives.com

Trent Valley Archives is pleasedto announce:

Obituaries from the PeterboroughExaminer Peterborough OntarioCanada for the years 1992 to2000

collected and transcribed by Don,Marianne and Alice Mackenzie(Peterborough, 2001 GroupDigital Media, 2001) CD Rompublication only $25ISBN 0-9687957-1-4


Glory DaysGlendon Hall, the Wood's countryseat on the edge of the city,has always set a high architectural standardby John Court

[Michael Bliss, the prominent Canadianhistorian, once observed that Torontopassed Montreal as Canada’s greatestcity because Montreal did not have aPeterborough ninety miles away. Theallusion was to the Cox, Flavelle andWood connection from Peterboroughthat defined important aspects ofVictorian Toronto. John Court capturesthat theme nicely. This article appearedin the York University alumni magazineand is published here by permission ofJohn Court, a Toronto-based archivist.]

When most of us became familiar withthe Glendon Campus, we assumed fromthe profusion of woodlands and parklandthat the Wood Family had carved theirestate out of the primeval wilderness. Infact, the land had been cleared over theprevious 104 years before they arrived toserve as pioneer farmers. Only two areasof original, old-growth forest remained --portions of the east valley slope on thefar side of the river, still preserved todayas part of the "Glendon Forest"Environmentally Significant Area (ESA)and, on the upland plateau, the westwoodlot adjacent to Bayview Avenue,known from a neighbouring 19th centuryfarm family as "Lawrence's Bush" (fromwhence Lawrence Ave. derives itsname).

Creating the other groves and the long-established appearance of an ancientcountry seat was actually accomplishedin just the first few years of the Woods'occupancy. A 1926 Canadian Homes &Gardens magazine feature described thenewly-arrived, mature trees amid thespacious lawns as "eloquent of themarvels of transplanting; one CorsicanPine which took four horses to move istypical of the work involved." Anarchitectural journal was similarlyimpressed a few months later: "Thewhole outlay of the estate is marked byan air of spaciousness and freedom, andhas developed an appearance of age andfinish in a marvellously short time."

The centrepiece, then as now, was theGlendon Hall manor -- two years in theplanning, two more years inconstruction(1922-24), and thenexquisitely furnished and landscaped. Theinitial master-planning stage involved anarchitect and a firm of landscapearchitects laying out the new propertyplan, installing infrastructure such as theinternal roadways and a sophisticatedstorm drainage system, early landscaping,tree transplants and similar preparations,all in close consultation with the Woods.The structural architects were thenselected -- the Toronto firm ofMolesworth, West & Secord -- and workwas begun on the manor and the estateoutbuildings. The latter were built instyles and colours that harmonized withthe main house, and included: the gatecottage and head groundskeeper'sresidence (now the only survivingoutbuilding); the greenhouse and pottingshed (demolished in 1961 to make way forthe College's York Hall, "A" Wing); thegarage and head chauffeur's apartment(demolished in 1963 amid protests in thestudent paper, Pro Tem, to make way forthe power plant); a summer tea-housepavilion on the site of the College'sHilliard Residence; and in the valley, thefarm manager's residence, main barn andother farm-cluster buildings (demolishedby the private nursery schools thatsucceeded to ownership of that three-acresite).

The Glendon Hall manor's uniquearchitecture drew inspiration from anumber of styles, notably the ItalianRenaissance Villa school, British baronialrevival, and the grand estate homes ofHollywood and Florida. As to the latterinfluence, the renowned conservationistand architecture professor, Eric Arthur(Toronto: No Mean City), wrote soon afterGlendon Hall was built that: "TheArchitects for Mr. Wood's house havedone better than those people by a gooddeal, but it would be a pity, I think, if theinfluence from that particular quarter wereallowed to cross the border."

The house has an unusual, inwardly-angled front facade, derived from thebaronial stylistic influence. This addsvisual interest, varying as it does from themore familiar rectilinear plans. The angle

also served as a demarcation between theprincipal family wing on the right (south-east), and the servants' quarters. The latterwing nevertheless enjoyed the unheard-of,egalitarian treatment of its own front doorand entranceway, and a screened entranceporch also prominent on the west end..

The Wood Family When Agnes Euphemia ("Pheme") Wooddied in 1950, Toronto's news media paidtribute to a generous benefaction she andher husband made to the University ofToronto a quarter of a century earlier -- theelegant family mansion, Wymilwood. (Itwas later renamed Falconer Hall by theUniversity of Toronto). Wymilwood filleda desperate need for a university women'scentre. But at the time of Pheme's death,neither the public, the media, nor even theU of T were aware that the Woods hadoutdone themselves. Their long record ofgenerosity, and timely, imaginative support(to a host of institutions) was surpassed ina final, grand gesture through theunexpected bequest to the university oftheir suburban, country estate -- GlendonHall -- with its landmark manor house and84 acres of breathtakingly beautifulgardens, parkland and natural areas.Glendon Hall -- a glen on the west branchof the Don River -- was the name theWoods had given to both the estate itselfand their main family home. The latter isnow often called simply "the manor" (or lemanoir), to distinguish it from the WoodResidence which was built in 1965 as bothGlendon and York University's first studentresidence and named in the Woods' honour.But time passes, and memories are short.Indeed, York's first multi-million dollar giftwas, in fact, made in 1959 when, withprovincial backing, the U of T's boardoffered to turn over the Glendon estate toYork's new board, taking effect from 1961,as the home for its distinctive, residentialliberal-arts college. From 1924 to thepresent, then, for the Wood family and bothuniversities, the manor has stood as anattribute and symbol of this uniqueCanadian landscape. Approaching by themain driveway, or on foot from the openparkland opposite the house, this inwardstructural angle seems to offer welcomingfeelings of shelter and inclusion to thearriving visitor or resident. On closerapproach those feelings are sustained by the


elegant porte-cochèère that crowns thecentral doorway and extends across thedouble car-width, circular drive. Itssolid, wrought iron and glassconstruction anchored in the limestonetrim protects those arriving from theweather, while leaving the entrancewayopen to natural light. This treatment wasawarded second place in the "Details"category of the Ontario Association ofArch i tec t s ' To r o n t o C h a p t e rArchitectural Exhibition in 1927. Arthurcommented that "The entrance... is aclever combination of stone and ironwork which is both dignified andappropriate." Cladding the walls inwaterproof, pebble-dash stucco of a lightcream tone added more warmth andcharm to the exterior than the usual stoneor brick, with no loss of strength -- thewalls' inner construction was heavy brickbelow grade and hollow, terra cotta tileabove grade to add fire protection. Thisdurable structure was employed on all ofthe estate buildings, along with the two-coloured, Spanish roof tiles that are stillsoundly in place on the manor and gatecottage.

The interior layout was configured totake maximum advantage of the house'ssiting on the brow of the West DonValley. A long, screened terrace, a loggiawith large picture windows and thedining room offered breathtaking viewsalong this north-east vantage, whileproviding some daylight through to thecentral, lateral gallery. (Unfortunately,the two crude structural appendagesgrafted on by the U of T in 1956 formore floor space, although now put togood use as the bookstore and GallerieGlendon, have significantly reducedaccess to the exterior views and naturallight.) The living room and librarylooked out to the south and east on thetableland's gardens and parks, while thesecond and third floor rooms still enjoyviews in all directions.

Interior finishes in the principal roomswere lavish blends of walnut panelling,sometimes in conjunction with two-toned, silk damask walls, hand-mouldedplaster walls and ceilings, insetbookcases of black walnut in the library,and oak or marble floors. There are ahost of surprises and accents rangingfrom Dresden china door-handles to the

elliptical grand staircase, lit from above bya skylight with lighting fixtures installedbehind it for the same effect at night. Mostof these special features and finishes, builtto last, are still intact or at least evident,while a few rooms like the library havebeen substantially restored. Thefurnishings and artworks were not part ofthe property bequest, although severalportraits survive (at various locations)from the family series commissioned forGlendon Hall in the 1920s. In addition,Mrs. Wood bequeathed five historicEuropean portraits that hung in the manorto the Art Gallery of Ontario.

Formal gardens have been an integralaspect of country estates for severalcenturies -- celebrated in, and refinedthrough art and literature.

The Woods were interested in theprinciples and beauty of landscapegardening, beginning with the idea ofgarden design as a creative, decorative artform that celebrates the wonders of natureand ultimately, for religiously observantpeople like the Woods, the glory of God.Formal gardens were always locatedbeside the house as an outdoor extensionof its living space, and a first stageoutward to increasingly natural settings --grassy parkland, then on to wildernessspaces. Glendon's front entrancewaygarden and the east, formal garden (laterthe Rose Garden) that was linked to theliving room by a modest outdoor patiowere laid out as soon as the manor itselfwas completed. Then, about 1931, theWoods commissioned the renownedlandscape architecture firm of Dunington-Grubb and Stensson to execute a dramatic,more architecturally imposing makeoverof both areas. Happily, those two projectshave survived, substantially intact.

What also survives is much of the joy andfriendship that enlivened the home.Glendon students and alumni with fondmemories of the Caféé de la Terrace willnot be surprised to hear that that samelower-floor area (minus beer and wine,since the Woods were teetotallers) wasoriginally a combined ballroom, musicroom and billiard room. Then, as now, itopened onto the rear, outdoor patio withthe commanding view of the valley.Today's older generation of Wooddescendants have happy memories of

Edward and Pheme hosting convivialSunday evening dinner parties in thosespaces, with as many as 30 guests. Theywere also fond of hosting garden parties, ona much larger scale, and that custom hasalso been restored to the College. TheBruce Bryden Rose Garden, as it was re-dedicated in 1992 and subsequentlyrestored, is once again the scene of livelygarden parties in one of Canada's mostspectacular warm-weather settings.

But who were the Woods? In 1899, SirWilliam Mackenzie, then head of theCanadian Northern Railway (later part ofthe CNR), arranged for the newSaskatchewan village of Erwood to benamed after E.R. Wood. He was just 33-years-old at the time, and 17 yearsMackenzie's junior. In 1914 Wood wasmentioned in connection with vacancies forLieutenant Governor of Ontario andCanadian High Commissioner to Britain.By 1926, when the U of T conferred anhonorary LLD upon him, and North YorkTownship renamed Westbourne Avenue inthe Glendon neighbourhood as WoodAvenue, the Wood family was nationallyprominent and respected. Yet the Woods,consummately modest, never spoke ofthose accolades and they were quicklyforgotten.

Edward Rogers Wood (1866-1941) andAgnes Euphemia Smart (1868-1950) wereboth born in Peterborough to Northern IrishMethodis t fami l ies of averagecircumstances. Having migrated with twobrothers from Enniskillen, CountyFermanagh in 1847, Ed's father, John W.Wood, "was a prominent resident of thetown and had obtained a large measure ofsuccess as a teacher," according to a 1910account, although with a teacher'scustomarily modest level of income. In hisearly teens, while still in school, Ed Woodjoined the G.N.W. Telegraph Companyowned by Peterborough's Mayor GeorgeCox, where Joseph Flavelle, eight yearsWood's senior, was already learning theropes. Cox, Flavelle and the Woods werealso active in the George Street MethodistChurch and the temperance movement.Soon after completing school Edward wasmoved upstairs to Cox's financial firm,Central Canada Loan & Savings Company,established in 1884. This clearly wasWood's méétier, and in 1888 at the age of


22 he was summoned to join Cox andone of Cox's sons his own age, Fred, atthe firm's newly-opened Torontoheadquarters. Flavelle also relocated toToronto in those years, leaving Cox'semploy in the process and ultimatelyattracting fame, fortune and a spell ofconsiderable notoriety.

During their 35 years in Toronto beforemoving to Glendon Hall, the Woods'family life and socio-economic standingevolved through a number of discerniblestages, as they progressed from middlingcircumstances to enormous wealth and afair degree of public acclaim. The initialstage, following directly after Wood'searly years in Peterborough ofapprenticing under Cox as a telegrapherand then a bookkeeper, occurredbetween 1888 and 1896. During thisperiod he acquired an intricate base ofknowledge that allowed his acumen forbusiness and finance to flower as ajourneyman financier in the Cox group.Then from 1896, as Wood turned 30 andby then having ably proved himself, hisresponsibilities at Central Canada weregreatly augmented as Cox became aSenator, the president of both the Bankof Commerce and Canada Life, and anactive financial partner with otherleading entrepreneurs like Mackenzieand Mann.

Wood was fortunate that this career stageencompassed the economic boom period(with a few years of recession) between1896 and 1914, the year that SenatorCox died and the First World War brokeout, during which time Wood hadmatured as a leading financier whilebecoming a millionaire in his own right.In that era he first became active inphilanthropy and lifelong pursuits involunteer leadership roles for the U of T,hospitals, churches and the YMCA.Wood's next two career stages comprisedthe years of the First World War, duringwhich (by now around age 50 and tooold for uniformed service) he donated hisfinancial and managerial expertise forcritical civilian roles. After the war hereturned to the financial community withcontinued success, from 1919 untilnominally commencing formalretirement in 1929. From then until hisdeath in 1941, Wood retained his key

business directorships and apparently allof those in the voluntary, not-for-profitand charitable realms. Even while retiredhe was invited to join other importantboards, such as that of the giganticMassey-Harris farm machinery enterprisein 1937.

The Woods built and lived in Wymilwoodfrom 1902 to 1924, on a vacant, two-acrelot leased from the U of T. It abutted atthe rear a small ravine that was stillreserved (since 1852) for the university'sbotanical gardens. The property frontedon Queen's Park, which was then a quiet,two-lane stretch of tree-lined boulevardbetween Bloor Street and the familiar,oval-shaped park to the south. Althoughleases were granted to the Flavelles, theWoods, and for two other elegant homeswhere the Planetarium and Museum nowsit, the botanical garden reserve wasmaintained at the rear in a wooded ravinethrough which Taddle Creek had flowednot long before. The structural features,architecture and interiors of Wymilwood,during its initial period as a family homehave been well documented, especiallythrough an illustrated chapter (L.B.Martyn, 1980) that was enriched by thecollaboration of the Woods' seniorgranddaughter Beverly Gaby (whorecently died). Moreover this elegant,Elizabethan-style mansion of rose brickand limestone trim, along with theFlavelles' sumptuous Holwood (1901-2)next door to the south, are still largelyintact, although their grounds have faredless well. By 1920, when the Woodsbegan a four-year process of acquiring,laying out, building, and eventuallymoving to Glendon Hall, the popular andprofessional media had offered favourablejudgements of Wymilwood. ArchitectFrank Wickson commented favourablythat year in Construction, a leadingjournal of his profession, on the emergingquality of domestic architecture inToronto. "Such buildings as Sir JosephFlavelle's in Queen's Park, E.R. Wood's inQueen's Park (and five others) are worthyof being mentioned..."

QueriesBill Amell and Marguerite Young

We get many inquiries from ourmembers and we are happy tooblige in what-ever ways possible.When requested we pass thequestions to our readers in thispopular column. If you haveresponses to these queries wewould welcome hearing from youat the Fairview Heritage Centre, sowe can add the information to ourgrowing files. It is always great tohear from satisfied customers,too.

Direct your queries to BillAmell or Marguerite Young at theFairview Heritage Centre, 567Carnegie Avenue, PeterboroughON K9L 1N1.

Carey / Carew

During the past summer this memberattended a family reunion nearPeterborough. George and Redmond Carew/ Carey, two brothers, left Ireland a fewyears prior to the Great Famine and settledon farms near Keene. In census and parishregisters their surnames may appear asCarew or Carey.

George Carey married Catherine Logan in1845 at St Michael Church, Cobourg. Eightchildren were born between 1846 and1874: Ann, George, John, Catherine,Robert, Esther, Mary, Redmond, Margaret,Matilda, James, Agnes and Joseph.

The Logan sisters came from Ireland also.Note the children were given the samenames in both families. The two familiesresided on adjacent farms. The historicalatlas of Peterborough county places them atOtonabee Twp, Con IX, Lots 17 & 18.

These pioneers survived three score and tenyears. George Carew (1822-1893) andCatherine Carew (1827-1902) were interredat St Paul Cemetery, Norwood. His deathwas noted in the Keen news column of thePeterborough Examiner. Their surnamewas recorded as Carew in the RGO officialdeath registers. Redmond Carey (1825-


1905) and Ann Carey (1829-1905) wereburied at St Peter Cemetery,Peterborough.

This researcher is trying to unravel theheredity trait of same names fromgeneration to generation on the variousbranches.

Lois Edwards87 Cherryhill DriveKitchener ON N2E 1N5

Mathews

The grim circumstances in Irelandcompelled many young people to leavetheir native land. In mid 1830s PatrickMathews made his way to Lindsay ONwhere he met and married an Irishcolleen, Mary Fitzsimmons. Her parentsfarmed a few miles south of the village.The young couple settled nearby, also inOps township, and raised twelve childrenborn between 1837 and 1862.: Ann,John, Patrick, Thomas, Mary,Bartholomew, James, Bridget, Catherine,Edward Joseph, Henry, and Susan.

The Catholic registers for the region aremissing prior to 1841 when the St Maryparish was established at Lindsay. Theparish records record many baptisms andmarriages. During the 1881 census,Patrick Mathews, his wife Mary andthree children resided on a farm in Opstwp. The 1881 Atlas of Victoria Countyshows Pat Mathews at Ops Twp, Con II,lot 11. Ten years later, the parents and adaughter resided in town.

Patrick Mathews (1810-1898) and MaryMathews (1817-189) are buried in StMary’s Cemetery. Eventually, the sons,daughters and families moved away in alldirections.

This member seeks references about theIrish origins of his paternal Mathewsancestry.

John Mathews902 Park Avenue WBurlington ON L7T 1N6

C e n s u s T a k e r sQualifications

This explains why researchershave difficulties. Ed.

Job Description“I am a cencus taker for the cityof Buffalow. Our city has groanvery fast recent years and now,in 1865, it has becum a hard andtime consooming job to count allthe peephill. There is not menythat can do this werk, as it isnecesarie to have a ejucashun,which a lot of pursons still do nothave. Another atribeart neededfor this job is good speling, formany of the peephill to becaounted can hardle speekinglish, let alone spel therename.” (The editor added withtongue-in-cheek, “Pity the poorreserchers triing to reed theBuffalow centsus rekurds.”)

Parish registers int h e A n g l i c a nDiocese of Toronto

Elwood H. Jones

The Archives of the Diocese ofToronto are located at 135 AdelaideStreet East, Toronto ON M5C 1L8, andthe archivist is Mary-Anne Nicholls. The large collection of parish registers(births, marriages and deaths) areaccessible to researchers byarrangement. Contact the Archives at(416) 363-6021.

Many parishes continue to hold theirown records, and even those parisheswho have made deposits in theDiocesan Archives will have registerssubsequent to the dates noted below.The Diocesan Archives had continuedto acquire parish records since 1990,and this list does not reflect thatactivity. For example, the parish

records of All Saints’ Peterborough arenow in the Diocesan Archives. Thereare over 300 parishes in the Diocese ofToronto, and perhaps some 500 placesof worship over time. The following listmentions 90 parishes outside Metro,and 71 within Metro. To mark itssesquicentenary in 1989, the Diocese ofToronto produced an excellent historyof the Diocese which, among otherfeatures, contains an appendix listingall the parishes in the diocese andindicating the likely dates the parishoperated. Some complex parishes, suchas the parish of Cavan had as many asfive churches at one time. It is worthnoting that many parishes haveproduced fine histories that oftencontain useful references aboutparishioners. Among the especiallyambitious or helpful are those for StJohn’s Peterborough, the Cathedral ofSt James, St Thomas Huron Street, StMark’s Port Hope, and St Clement’sEglinton.

The following list has been compiledfrom the excellent Guide to the Holdingsof the Ecclesiastical Province of Ontario(Toronto 1990), which was the secondin a series of guides intended to drawattention to the holdings of the variousdiocesan archives in the AnglicanChurch of Canada. That project wasspearheaded by the most importantAnglican archives, the General SynodArchives, at 600 Jarvis Street, Toronto,ON M4Y 2J6. By arrangement with thediocesan archives, the General SynodArchives does not do genealogicalinquiries; these are done by thediocesan archives and researchersshould make arrangements directlywith the diocese in which they areinterested, or to the parish most likelyto have the pertinent records. If youwish to purchase a copy of this guide,or any of the others, contact theGeneral Synod Archives at (416) 924-9192, or by mail to the address notedabove.


The parish registers are only one aspectof what could be found in the diocesanarchives. They contain financialrecords, minutes of various groups,architectural records, photographs,newspapers and other publications andcountless other types of records. Evensome parishes can have large archivalholdings, reflected in the list below bythe microfilm records of parishes suchas St John’s Peterborough, St Peter’sErindale and the Cathedral of St James, and by the absence of some very largechurches, such as St John York Millsand St Paul Bloor Street.

This list is arranged by the titles usedin the Diocesan Archives, with a minorexception. In the Metropolitan Torontoentries, it is normal to append the labelin the geographical column, as done inthe previous paragraph. The parishesare listed alphabetically by geographyoutside Metro, and alphabetically bychurch name within Metro. Theinclusive dates are only for the parishregisters; the inclusive dates for thewhole fonds is usually much longer,but typically the earliest documents ina parish are its registers. For manyyears, these registers were effectivelylegal documents. The use of squarebrackets in the dates is meant to alertthe researcher that the dates may varyslightly. This is because the descriptionof the records sometimes lumps serviceregisters (information about the actualservices held in the church) with theparish registers (which are normallybirths, marriages and deaths, butsometimes include confirmations).

Allenwood St Thomas1905-42Alliston St Andrew1874-76Alnwick St James1910-47Batteau Christ Church1867-1981Beeton St Paul1889-1959Blackstock St John1838-1965Bolton Christ Church1844-1981Bondhead Trinity marriages, 1855-

57Boskung St Stephen1917-52Bowmanville St John1838-1926

Bradford Holy Trinity1849-1955Brighton St Paul1911-51Brock Township 1843-75Brooklin St Thomas1865-1949Buckhorn St Matthew[1901-73?]Caledon East St James, Albion1843-57;

1876-1962Cameron St George1873-1926Campbellford

Christ Church1849-1953Cannington All Saints marriages,

1858-1908Castlemore St John, Toronto Gore

1862-1965Cavan 1819-1950Clairville Christ Church1887-1925Coboconk Christ Church1942-62Cobourg St Peter1854-1951Colborne Trinity Church1874-1956Coldwater St Matthias1911-76Collingwood All Saints1855-1982Columbus St Paul1873-1922Cookstown St John1859-1959Dixie St John1907-76Elmvale Wycliffe Church1873-

1975Emily St James / St John[1840-

1987]Erindale St Peter1827-1975

microfilmFenelon Falls St James[1902-73]Gore’s Landing St George [1908-48]Grafton St George[1844-1963]Grahamsville St James baps 1862-85Haliburton St George1869-1986Hastings St George1862-1947Haultain Holy Trinity1908-73Holland Landing

Christ Church / StAlbans1905-50

Ivy Christ Church1863-1947Kinmount St James1882-1976Lakefield St John1855-1941Lindsay St Paul1856-83Lorne Park St Paul1932-71Manvers St Mary1857-1967Maple St Stephens1833-1981Maple Lake St Peter1911-66Markham Grace1053-76Medonte St George[1883-1962]Midland St Mark1885-1963Mono St John marriages 1866-

69

Mono East St Paul1861-1951Mono Mills St John marriages 1896-

1921Mulmur [1892-1947]Newcastle St George1846-1955Newmarket St Paul1838-1920North Essa 1853-1947Oshawa Holy Trinity[1948-64]Palgrave St Alban1881-1958Penetanguishene

St James1835-78Perrytown St Paulmarriages 1905-

66Peterborough

St John1833-1917microfilm / TVA

PeterboroughSt Luke1853-1976

Pickering St George1850-1953Port Hope St John[1819-1985]Port Perry Ascension1871-1948Price’s Corners

St Lukemarriages 1899-1931

Rosedale St John1944-71Shanty Bay St Thomas1839-1936Stayner Good Shepherd1887-

1977Stony Lake St Peter1896-1951Stouffville Christ Church[1888-

1921]Streetsville Trinity[1921-39]Sunderland St Marymarriages 1897-

1925Tecumseth St John1833-94Thornhill Holy Trinity1831-1975Tottenham Christ Church1889-1959Tullamore St Mary1890-1951Unionville St Philip1819-1954Vespra Christ Church1873-

1913, 1956-70Waverley St John1905-69West Essa St Peter1874-1961West Mono 1874-1954Whitby All Saints1868-1979Whitby St John1842-1975Woodbridge Christ Church1850-82;

1941-74Wyebridge Good Shepherd1908-45Young’s Point

St Aidan[1925-58]


MetropolitanToronto

St Agnes,Long Branch 1920-81St Aidan 1906-87St Alban the Martyr 1887-1973All Saints 1872-1956All Souls Lansing [1951-76]St Andrew Todmorden

marriages 1920-36St Andrew-by-the-lake, Toronto

Island 1884-1957St Anne 1838-1988Ascension Don Mills 1954-75Ascension [1875-1934]St Augustine of Canterbury 1903-77St Barnabas Chester [1904-84]St Barnabas Halton [1940-56]St Bartholomew 1874-1946St Bede 1929-83Calvary [1917-70]Christ Church Deer Park 1871-1981Christ Church Mimico 1827-60;

marriages 1929-32Christ Church Scarborough 1843-1956St Clement Eglinton [1920-40]St Clement Riverdale 1889-1970Comforter 1925-71St Crispin [1921-61]St Cyrian 1891-1957St David Donlands [1906-12; 1941-70]St Dunstan 1923-82St Edmund-the-Martyr 1907-76St Edward the Confessor West Hill

1962-84Emmanuel, Hanlon’s Point Toronto

Island [1906-38]Epiphany Parkdale 1888-1983St George-the-Martyr 1847-1965St George-on-the-hill Islington 1890-

1969St George Scarborough[1953-83]St George Willowdale 1920-71Good Samaritan baptisms [1961-69]Grace-Church-on-the-hill lists 1941-60Holy Trinity 1846-1982Church of the Incarnation

Scarborough[1922-74]St James Cathedral 1800-1983 mfmSt John the Baptist Norway 1851-74

St John the Evangelist Garrison [1908-80]St John Weston [1968-81]St Jude the Apostle Roncesvalles 1890-

1977St Jude Wexford 1849-1975St Luke East York 1870-1972Spadina Avenue

St Margaret[1890-1907]West Hill St Margaret-in-the-Pines

1948-85Parkdale St Mark the Evangelist

1877-1947St Martin’s-in-the-field1891-1980St Mary the Virgin1888-1965

Bellwoods St Matthias1873-1960Church of the Messiah1889-1976St Michael And AllAngels 1908-51St Monica 1907-62Church of the Nativity1923-76

Birchcliff St Nicholas1912-68Newtonbrook

St Patrick1954-67microfilm

L’Amoreux St Paul 1843-1945Carlton Street

St Peter1923-76Scarborough St Peter1956-82

St Philip-the-Apostle1942-71

Etobicoke St Philip1831-70Spadina Ave St Philip1875-1946

Church of the Redeemer1871-1976

Reformed Episcopal Churchmarriages 1896-1942St Simon The Apostle1887-1973

Highland Cr St Simon[1925-84]St Stephen-in-the-fields1858-1984

Downsview St Stephen1954-79Agincourt St Timothy1912-86

Trinity East [1908-69]

Don CournoyeaCollection

Peterborough Examiner, 30 October 1909

PETERBOROUGH’S DEERHUNTERS OFF TO THEIRFAVOURITE TRAILS

Will be ready for the Opening of theSeason on Monday Morning – WhereLocal Enthusiasts Will Follow theMonarchs of the Forest

Monday, the first of November is theofficial opening of the deer shooting seasonwhich will be ushered in with the baying ofhounds and reechoing rifle reports in theunbroken wilds of the northern country.Peterborough’s sporting fraternity havebeen leaving in groups during the past fewdays and by to-night they will all be gone.A long cold drive and a rest to-morrow inpreparation for an early start on Mondaymorning and then with the dawn of themorrow the curtain will be wrung up. Theweather is inviting and the prospects are ofthe best. The nights, however, are too cold,and in consequence the creeks and bays ofthe lakes are frozen up every morning, andit is said the ice has not disappeared beforethe noon-day sun. A little finer weather andthe conditions could not be improved upon.

Battle Lake PartyOne of the happiest parties that leavePeterborough is that which makes itsheadquarters on the shore of Battle Lake. Itis composed on Dr C.H. Amys, Messrs GusCorcoran, M. O’Brien, Arthur Head, J.E.A.Fitzgerald, M. Blewett, W. Weatherlake,and J. Stabler. They not only have plenty ofsport but their evenings are spent pleasantlyand as a male chorus they would do creditto a Schubert production. Battle Lake stillre-echoes with last year’s favourite, “EveryLittle Bit Added, etc.” and this hist will beone of the most popular of the party’srather limited repertoire.

Mr J.B. Laroque has gone to Parry Soundwhere he will hunt with a Toronto party.They still go in for big game and allguesses are wrong if “Bat” does not bringdown a moose.


Ketchum LakeUp on the shore of Ketchecum Lake thereis a cosy lodge which has accommodatedthe usual party on many previousoccasions, and will again be the mecca of anumber of the “bunch.” Among those whowent back this year are Messrs G.W.Morrow, W.T. Hall, L. Hall, E.F. Mason,R. Munro, R. Gibbs, G.W. Burnett and R.Stuart.

Eastwood PartyMessrs W. Long, C. Harkimey, F. Sargent,H. Brundrette, T. Eastwood, and I.Eastwood left last night for Stoney Creekand expect to bring home as many of theantlered family as the law allows.

The Gladman Ray party and the R. Neillparty will hunt in the Parry Sound district.They are no on their way to their favouritehunting grounds.

To Eagle LakeMessrs Chas. Gunsolus, C. West, B. White,A.G. Carruthers, C. Gunn, and C. Mitchell,of the Eagle Lake Hunt Club left shortlyafter six o’clock this morning for EagleLake, where they will deer hunt for the nexttwo weeks.

The following licenses for deer huntinghave been issued by Col. Miller. Wm.Tedford, Jos. Tedford, R. Tedford, R.Hamblin, Steven Miller, Warsaw; J.Heskett, Lambton; J.M. Bradley, N.H.Bradley, Smith; L. Fife, Otonabee; R. Neill,G. Coleman, G.W. Henderson, Chas.Gladman, P.A. Kerr, S. Ray, T. Best, J.Bennett, N. Barnard, J.D. Collins, RobertMunroe, R. Waddell, W.H. Stroud; R.H.Jackson, F. Brownscombe, JohnBrightman, Andy Miller, Wm. Gill,Matthew Lambe, Peterborough; ArthurHendren, R. Bell, Warsaw; C. Curtis, A.E.Curtis, J.H. Maybee, R. Haw, Robert A.Miller, C. Norslick, H. Larocque, B.O’Dette, M. McFadden, J.S. Waldron,George Metcalfe, D. Evans, J.G. Bothwell,W. Bothwell, G. Morrow, J.A. Morrow,P e t e r b o r o u g h ; N . J . C u r t i s ,Northumberland; G. Bull, A. Bull, GeorgeHooey, H.C. Winch, E.F. Mason, Wm. J.Miller, Amos Sherin, Frank Sherin, LewisFowler, Chas. Butcher and A.G. Carruthers.

FIFTY YEARS AGO:FIREFIGHTERS ANDTHE ZACKS FIRE, 1951

Don Willcock

The Zacks Department Store fire, thesecond-deadliest blaze in Peterboroughhistory occurred fifty years ago, on 19 and20 May 1951.

Peterborough has had several notable firesincluding the Chartrain Saloon fire (1861);the Dickson Mill blaze that destroyed themill and 2 million feet of lumber (1855); theBlythe Mills complex burned twice (1864and 1873); the Quaker Oats disaster (1916);the Neill Shoe Co. fire (1918); the Zacksblaze (1951); the Empress Hotel fire (1958);the Trent University Bookstore blaze (1984).In the worst fire, the grain dust explosionand inferno that levelled the Quaker Oatsplant on 11 December 1916, killed 22workers.

At 5:30 a.m., Saturday, 19 May, PoliceConstable Douglas Farthing, on foot patrolin an alley behind George Street nearHunter, saw a second-storey window “blowout”, after which smoke and flames “spewedout into the alley and up the walls”. Hesounded the alarm and then rousedoccupants of the front apartments. Theconstable told the Examiner that an elderlylady tenant thought he was joking and wentback to bed; he then “just about knocked thedoor off waking her the second time”.

In My Town -- My Memories, Clare Galvin,who lived in an apartment across GeorgeStreet from the Zacks building, recalls beingawakened about 6 a.m. by a fire truck.“Within one hour, the entire fire brigade wason our block and the police had cordoned offthe area.” Russ Baer, CHEX radio manager,used the Galvins’ apartment as a base for histechnical crew, headed by TVA memberFrank Schoales. Frank’s stories of that dayare fascinating: the crowds (about 7,000 byday’s end); how a young boy on a bicyclewas his courier taking filled recording disksto the station (then at Hunter and Water) for“live” broadcast; hanging a microphone outa window to catch the fire scene sounds.Frank has donated some of those recorddisks to the TVA -- you can hear the firecrackling and firefighters yelling. The first

trucks on the scene were two aerial trucksand three pumpers. For two days, thewhole Peterborough Fire Department wasturned out and Smith Township’s newvolunteer brigade was on stand-by in caseof other fires. Peterborough Chief GeorgeSmith commented to the Examiner “Iwouldn’t ask any of my men to go where Iwouldn’t go.”, and he and Assistant ChiefStewart Foster led in the first hose line.

A thick grey-yellow smoke cloud, estimatedto be three miles wide, spread fromdowntown to the city’s northwest. The fire jumped a firewall and reached the upperfloors of the next-door Braund building. Aseries of “heavy explosions” rained glassand burning debris onto firefighters. Still,the fire was deemed under control by 9:30a.m.; only a couple of firefighters hadminor injuries. From the front, the brick,four-storey Zacks building appeared not tobe badly damaged; from the rear, it wasonly a shell.

As firefighters were “damping down” toprevent re-ignition from hidden pockets offire (within walls, under eaves, on rooves,etc.), tragedy struck! At 10 a.m.,“twocharred upper floors cracked and fell fromabove to where they were working on theground floor”. The force of the collapsesent glass across George Street, scatteringonlookers. Seven men -- firefighters andvolunteers -- were trapped on the groundfloor by 15 feet of debris. Three managedto escape or be rescued, but four werekilled: firemen Orville Rome, GroverDeck, George Reynolds, and Earl Spencely, a city florist.

As the ground was too unstable forearthmoving equipment, firefighters andcitizens formed chains to remove rubbleand recover victims. People even camefrom outside the city to help. The SalvationArmy, under the energetic direction ofMajor Cyril Everitt, was on handthroughout the fire and rescue. TheChurchill Restaurant contributed 125gallons of coffee throughout the day. Otherbusinesses sent over hamburgers anddoughnuts. Red Cross workers and churchvolunteers made forty loaves of sandwichesfor the rescue and recovery crews. Finally,Earl Spencely’s body was removed at 3:15a.m. on Sunday.On Tuesday, 22 May, the largest publicfuneral in this city’s memory was held for


the four dead men. St Paul’s PresbyterianChurch and its hall were both filled tooverflowing, and about 2,500 people stoodin Victoria Park listening on a PA speaker.City businesses closed. Workers buildingthe new City Hall laid down their toolsduring the funeral. The chimes of St John’sAnglican Church rang out and then weresilenced for the service. A procession of600 -- including Ontario’s Fire Marshal andDeputy Marshal, nine Ontario fire chiefs,and firemen from 24 Ontario and Quebecbrigades -- marched with the coffins toLittle Lake Cemetery. The Examinerreports that Peterborough was silent forone-half hour, except for the sound ofhundreds of feet marching and a lone piperplaying “Flowers of the Forest.” The threeinjured firefighters accompanied theprocession in a car.

Thanks to the generosity of local and out-of-town people, groups, and businesses,over $50,000 was raised to set up a trustfund for the Rome, Deck, Reynolds, andSpencely families. Firefighters, then asnow, were admired immensely.

Howard Pammett’s Peterborough Irish : serialization, part seven S c o t t ’ s P l a i n s a n dPeterborough

[The Trent Valley Archives is pleased toreprint Howard Pammett’s 1933 Queen’s thesis. The work remains the most solidstudy, and although much has happened inthe intervening 70 years, the rich archivaltexture of the work commands respect. TheRobinson papers are now in thePeterborough Centennial Museum andArchives. There has been considerablepertinent work on the study of immigration,settlement, family life, and Peterborough.We know consider-ably more about manyof the families that are usually referred toas the Peter Robinson settlers. The TrentValley Archives has sought ways tocelebrate the descendants of this famedmigration. TVA is the home to HowardPammett’s excellent historical library, and

also to some of his private papers. In this seventh excerpt, Howard Pammett

is concerned with the politics of supplyingrations and locating people on the land. Ifwe assume that those entitled to land arealso entitled to rations, we should expectsome similarities. Pammeett is also able tocompare what happened in the differenttownships, some tied to the earlier Robinsonmigration to Lanark county. Pammett alsoquestions both the quantity and the choicesof rations. He suggests that the British werenot very alert to the peculiarities of Irishculture. It is possible that Pammett is toocritical; much depends on which evidence ispersuasive. However, Pammett’s style is asground-breaking as his analysis.

Again, we are thankful to AliceMackenzie who has typed the entiremanuscript, and whose efforts have made itpossible to share Pammett’s thesis with awider audience.

The Trent Valley Archives plans topublish a fine edition of Pammett’s work andit is hoped that making parts of it availableto our readers in this way will spark interestin the bigger project and perhaps bringuseful comments from researchers andfriends. The numbers in parentheses willdirect the impatient to the pertinent page ofthe thesis. ]

Chapter Seven: Locating &Supplyingthe Emigrants {171}

The location of the emigrants, by far themost troublesome and laborious part of theservice, was completed before the wintercommenced, and I had a small log housebuilt for the head of each family on theirrespective lots...1

Robinson's official Report to the ColonialOffice fades away at this point into vaguegeneralities, without giving any particularsof this most important phase of thesettlement. For the first time, Robinsonshouldered the chief part of the burden ofadministration, as during the first 3 monthsColonel Borke and most of my assistantswere laid up with lake fever at Cobourg, andI had everything to see to. The surgeon(Reade) was obliged to remain there with thelargest party, and those engaged with me in

building had not even the advantage ofmedical advice... during the first 6 monthsafter I joined the emigrants in Canada, Iwas obliged to be so constantly with themand to attend personally to locating them,and to the laying out and opening roadsthrough the different townships, and to getin a supply of provisions for them...."2

Yet he had at least four assistants in theactual work of location: Rubidge,McDonell, and two surveyors, John Smithand John Huston. Due to the many delays,it was not until late in October thatRobinson reported to Horton thatsettlement of the emigrants upon their landswas well under way, in a letter to hisbrother of Oct. 21st.3 Most were located bythe middle of November, before the deepsnows began, fortunately, but too late foranything but hibernation for theinexperienced Irish. Delays and mistakeswere fast ruining the chances of success.

The location of the emigrants was and isshrouded in much mystery and little officialinformation can be obtained concerning it.Charles Rubidge was in charge of locationsin Otonabee:

In 1825 I assisted Mr. Robinsongratuitously in settling emigrants -- thetownship of Otonabee where I residedwas given up entirely to me to locate...4

Nine years later he expanded this somewhatbeyond the bounds of truth before theLords Committee of 1847 on Colonization,when he said: I assisted gratuitously and was allowed

by Mr. Robinson to fill up all vacantlocations in my own townshipOtonabee with part of his emigrantsand any other settlers that applied...5

John Huston, the surveyor, was in charge oflocations in Emily and {172} Ennismore(Gore of Emily), the hardest task of all. Thefollowing three letters from Robinson,found among the Huston papers, illustratedthe part he played:

John Huston, Emily. Smith, Sept.24,1825. Sir, I should be glad that youwould immediately begin to locate theemigrants in Emily. I shall send a smallparty to Cottenhams to meet you onMonday morning, and I will send byone of them the numbers of the vacantlots and such other information as Iposses.6


John Huston, Esquire, Monaghan, Dec.3rd, 1825.The bearer Daniel Fitzpatrick with 2 or3 more that were with you before, goout for the purpose of being located.These people are often misled by badadvisers, and no doubt in this instancethese people were. However, as theynow seem inclined to do something, itis best to encourage them. I am &c &c.Peter Robinson.7

John Huston, surveyor, Emily. Dec.... Dear Sir, Timothy Ryan, the bearer ofthis, says that his lot is bad, and he isdesirous of getting the lot DanielFitzpatrick and son were located on.They refused it as bad and have given itup. If you have not promised it to anyother person, I wish you to let him haveit....By the next trip of the scow I willsend you a good stove and crosscutsaw. Your obedt. servant, PeterRobinson.8

In Smith township a certain McKibbon ismentioned as having located emigrants. InAsphodel township Birdsall, the surveyor,located numerous families. In Douroprobably John Smith, surveyor, locatedmany of the Irish. Besides these, a numberof the former settlers who were hired tobuild shanties for the emigrants and totransport their baggage to these shantieswere given the duty of showing them theirlots also. No doubt the method of assigninglots to the emigrants varied in differenttownships, and no authoritative informationis available about it, but the followingaccount, by the son of one of the emigrantswho came out as a boy, is at leastinteresting:

The surveyor put the numbers of thelots on a blaze on the corner trees.Then Mr. Robinson put the numbers ofthe vacant lost on pieces of paper in atall hat, and the Oirishmen pulled outthe numbers of their lots one by one.When 5 or 6 were pulled out thus, theysent a guide with them thru the woodsover a blazed trail to their lots. Thispilot brought the immigrants to theirlots and said "That's yer lot, Pat."9

Naturally there was much bartering of lotsso that relatives and friends might have lotsclose together. Sometimes too a smallgroup was sent out with a guide, as Huston,and the latter was given a map on whichwere marked the lots which the emigrants

might settle, and then each was allowed tochoose his own. {173} Those who had beenwell recommended on the voyage toKingston were given the best locations: thebroken lots which were larger than theregular 100 acres, or on a road closer to townor on a good site by lake or stream. We shallnotice later some of the mistakes.

Each head of a family was given 100 acresupon which to do settlement duty, andusually the sons over 18 years were eachgiven the same amount, close to theirparents, so that of the 307 families broughtout to Canada, while only about 285 familieswere settled in the Newcastle District, 407locations were given in the district. Another12 locations were made in the Ottawadistrict, of the 67 who had been allowed togo there.10 The reason for giving land to allmen over 18 years can readily be seen, in thelight of future events. Horton was able totalk glibly to the Emigration Committees ofthe "415 families of Irish" rescued frommisery and settled in Upper Canada,11 and allwas seemingly successful. It gave theappearance of 415 families of about fivepersons each, a total of 2100 persons, thebasis upon which the calculations of expensewere made. Horton even had the audacity tospeak in Parliament in 1827 of the "1200families" induced to emigrate in 1825successfully!12 The cost of the expeditionwhen divided among the actual number offamilies brought from Ireland and settledupon lands in Upper Canada, about 290,presents a very different story from that sopersuasively told by Horton.

Roads were hastily cut through the forests tothe new townships surrounding the village,and a few teams of oxen and horses werepurchased by Robinson to transport theemigrants' baggage and utensils to theirshanties. Most of the teams were hired fromthe former settlers of the neighbourhood andof the townships south of Rice Lake, whoalso were given contracts to erect shanties onthe lots. Rubidge had already begun theconstruction of the first good road to thesettlement, from Bannister's Point on {174}Rice Lake, north through Otonabee and thepresent village of Keene(or a branch) up pastRubidge's property to the village ofPeterborough. Mrs. Stewart had written on5 April 1824:

We are much shut up by want of goodroads, but next winter the new onethrough Otonabee to Rice Lake will be

really finished... I understand a tide ofsettlers is to set in next autumn.13

On both counts she was a year ahead oftime, for the settlers did not come untilSeptember 1825, and the road was notfinished until the end of the year:

To Hon. P. Robinson. WoodlandCottage, Nov.10,1825. Dear Sir, Asthe Road is now advancing prettyrapidly toward you and is now ready tobe level'd in the neighbourhood of thesettlers just located, permit me torequest that they may be all warned toassemble on Monday next with spadesand shovels. As Mr. John Sargent (anemigrant) will be much benefited bythe road and is as forward as any of hisneighbours, you will probably with mesee the advantage of his being directedto oversee the party.14 I trust MrStewart will not fail us with his oxen. Iwill take the first safe opportunity ofreturning you the cash you were kindenough to pay for me. With muchregard, I am, Dear Sir, Very trulyyours, Charles Rubidge.15

In 1847 Rubidge mentioned this road..They had even to cut a road from myhouse up to Peterborough 9 miles to getprovisions up there but they had toconvey provisions up in winter whenthe waters were bound with ice, andthey depended on this road which wascut out after their arrival...16

This reveals the motive for completing theroad from Rice Lake before the winter icebound the Otonabee river.

Other roads were cut east through Douroand Otonabee. The former went northeastto the present village of Warsaw, and thelatter went directly east from Peterboroughthrough northern Otonabee and Asphodeltownships to the present village ofNorwood. A trail was cut north along thewest bank of the Otonabee river, whoseimpassable condition 7 years later reducedthe Traills almost to despair. TheCommunication Road northwest throughSmith to Chemong(Mud) Lake was alreadywell-established by the earlier settlers. Theemigrants located in Emily, Ops andEnnismore went to Chemong Lake over thisroad, and were taken across the lake toCottingham's landing in a second scow,built like the original one which plied upand down the Otonabee. Settlers for thenorth part of Smith were also taken out the


Communication Road and north by scowalong Chemong Lake to their {175}lots.Another trail was cut directly west fromPeterborough along Smith Street, runningalong the base line between NorthMonaghan and Smith townships. Farthersouth a road ran south and west throughMonaghan and Cavan and Emily. Thus 7roads and the southern reaches of theOtonabee river stretched forth like spokesof a wheel from the hub, which was thedepot at Scott's Plains, fast growing into athriving village. Besides these, there werethe concession roads branching off, cut bythe settlers on each lot as part of theirsettlement duties, which were opened outmore quickly than ever after the greataccession to the population of the district in1825.

Contracts were let by Robinson for thebuilding of a shanty on each lot for theemigrants. The average cost was $10 pershanty,17 and many of the formerexperienced settlers made much money atthis, as two experienced axemen couldbuild a shanty in two days. RobertHarrison, an early settler in Asphodel, toldhow they were built:

"Early in the summer of 1825 WilliamFortune had been awarded agovernment contract for erection of logshanties for the families of Robinson'simmigration, who were to be located inthe township of Asphodel. I was then inmy 10th year of age, and living withFortune, the owner of the only horse inAsphodel.... It was during the erectionof these log shanties that the knowledgeof how to feed, ride and drive a horsestood me in good stead, for as Fortunecut the log I with the faithful horsehauled everyone of them to their properplaces to be used in building, and withlong chains and a "rolling hitch"assisted on skids in placing them on thewalls of the shanties underconstruction..."18

This is the only statement asserting thatbuilding of shanties was begun before thearrival of the emigrants, and for that reasonis important, but it cannot be considered asauthoritative, as it was written in 1902,after a length of time in which the keenestmemory might falter. As we shall see ,contemporary observers complained that nopreparation was made for the settlers, andthat consequently too much had to be doneto support them until they could be started

on their way independently. This was one ofthe gravest causes of failure in the first andalso in the second Hortonian "experiments"in assisted emigration.

{176} Some of the more industriousemigrants, who had had previous experiencein carpentering and felling trees, either inIreland or in erecting the Governmentbuildings at the depot, built their ownshanties, and were given the $10 byRobinson as recompense19. P.G. Towns, aDouro descendant noted:

The first part of their work was to cleara small space to erect a shanty built oflogs and thatched with wild grass andbalsam boughs, which served for shelteruntil they could get something better.Later they put in a fireplace whichconsisted of a very large chimney withan arch at the bottom on which was acrane on which they hung a pot to dotheir cooking. Those who were fortunateto have a shanty large enough erected abed by boring two holes in the wall, thendriving stakes in them and proppingthem upon the outside, then coveringthem with homemade planks. On top ofthis they placed grasses and cedarboughs for a mattress, and made pillowsfrom down of bulrushes gathered from neighbouring marshes. This being done,they brought their wives and families...20

The standard shanty erected satisfied theminimum requirements of the settlementduty, viz.20 by 18 feet, but this rulle wasnever enforced strictly, least of all with theIrish emigrants. Captain Hall, visiting thesettlement in 1827 described a typicalemigrant shanty which was rather smaller.

The dimensions of this particulardwelling were 20 by 12 by 7 feet high.The roof was formed of logs split into 4lengths, then hollowed out and laid withthe concave and convex sides alternatelyupwards, so as to overlap like long tiles,sloping from the ridge to the eaves, sothat each alternate log formed a gutter tocarry off the rain. The openings betweenthe logs form-ing the walls were closedby mud and moss mixed together, andsometimes these shanties had a window,some-times not...The size of the shantiesput up at the expense of Governmentmay be conceived .... two menaccustomed to the use of the axe canmanage to cut down the trees, preparethe logs, put them up, roof the house,

and complete the whole in 2 days.21

Mrs Traill, writing of these shanties in1832, expanded the description:

The shanty is a sort of primitive hut inCanadian architecture, and is nothingmore than a shed of logs, the chinksbetween the round edges of the timbersbeing filled with moss, mud, and bits ofwood.... The eaves of this buildingresemble the scalloped edges of a clamshell; but rude as this covering is, iteffectually answers the purpose ofkeeping the interior dry; far more sothan roofs formed of bark or boards,through which the rain will findentrance. Sometimes the shanty has awindow, sometimes only an opendoorway which admits the light and letsout the smoke...A rude chimney whichoften is nothing better than an openingcut in one of the top logs above thehearth, a few boards fastened in asquare form, serves as vent for thesmoke; the only precaution against thefire catching the log walls behind thehearth being a few large stones placedin a half-circular form, or morecommonly a bank of clay raised against{177} the wall. Nothing can be morecomfort-less than some of theseshanties, reeking with smoke and dirt,the common receptacle of children,pigs and fowls. But I have given youthe dark side of the picture; I am happyto say that all the shanties were not likethese; on the contrary, by far the largerproportion were inhabited by tidy folks,and had one or even two smallwindows, and a clay chimney built upthrough the roof; some were evenroughly floored, and possessed similarcomforts with the small log houses..."22

Many of the Irish made their shanties morelike those in Ireland by putting sods aroundthe lower part of the outside walls and onthe roof, plastering the outside walls with athick coating of mud, and putting bark orbranches on the roof. David Conroy says:

When my grandfather built his shantyin Douro in 1825, he built it in ahollow, with troughs on the roof. Whenmy father built his own house on thesame lot after he married, he built it ona hill and roofed it with shingles.....23

That suggests the emigration was a successas far as the welfare of the emigrants wasconcerned. No settler could be successful


until he abandoned useless experiences ofother regions and humbly learned themodes suited to the new settlement; fromthe harshness of their previous experienceand existence the transition was easy for theIrish, and on the other hand the former easeand luxury enjoyed by the "gentlemen"settlers made them hostile to any change,and too conceited to learn from experiencedformer settlers. Fortunately for thePeterborough district, the efforts of thisclass to make it into a colonial version ofan English or Irish county of landed estateswith subservient peasant labourers failedcompletely. That failure, and theconsequent prosperity of the district, asopposed to the prosperity of a few largelandowners, is entirely to the credit of thepoorer more industrious settlers, especiallythe "turbulent" peasants "transported" fromIreland.

The actual location of the settlers upontheir lots was a very difficult affair, fromwhich in Robinson's confused and vagueaccounts it is almost impossible to drawauthentic conclusions. Many of the headsof families died, and the lots were locatedby sons or by the widow and family; othermen cheerfully changed their names forsome unknown reason, with no moreexplanation than the disappearance {178}of one name from the records and thesudden appearance of another; some sonsover 18 were given lots for themselveswhile others were not, with no reasonsattached; many of the men had identicalnames. Some of the men given lots wereapparently strangers picked up in Canada;some of the heads of families wanderedaway without getting locations, and cameback later to claim them; some of thoselocated left without settling upon them, andcame back later or sent their sone; some ofthem were put by mistake on pre-emptedlots or reserves and had to be given otherlots years afterwards; others were given lotstoo swampy for settlement, and had to begiven others later; some were given scripfor land which they either sold or chose inother parts of Upper Canada. There wereseveral conflicting lists of locations, andthe maps of the townships providealternatives with irritating frequency. TheIrish were often settled on lots alreadylocated and abandoned, for which theoriginal locatees had a disconcerting knackof turning up several years later andproving the lots legally theirs, attracted by

the improved value of lands in the districtafter 1825. Some idea of the complexity ofthe problem can be gathered from the factthat as late as 1836 at least one of theemigrants wrote asking Robinson to locatehim on a lot, and the other fact that the lastfiat(for patent) for a lot granted to an Irishemigrant of 1825 was issued in 1862.

A study of the location of the Irish emigrantsreveals thoroughly the real reasons whyRobinson's Report to the Colonial Officeended with a few vague generalitiesconcerning the location of the emigrants andtheir subsequent progress. The"Return ofIrish Emigrant Settlers sent to Upper Canadaat the Expense of His Majesty's Governmentand Located in the District of Newcastleunder the Superintendence of theHonourable Peter Robinson", was submittedby Robinson on 30 October1835, with thisletter:

Commissioner of Crown Lands Office,Oct.30,1835. Sir, I have the honor totransmit herewith to you, a list of theIrish emigrants located by me in the year1825, which I beg may be submitted tothe Honourable the Executive Council inorder that the necessary authority may begiven for the deeds to issue to therespective persons therein named. Allwere located as of date Nov. 24th,1825.... Peter Robinson. To HisExcellency the Lieut. Governor.24

{179} Carelessness and inefficiency andextravagance in the "experiment”nowbecame rampant. Wholesale deception anddeliberate fraud was widely evident. Thenumber of fraudulent locations casually andcarefully scattered through the list indicatethat deliberate attempts were made todeceive the British Parliament. WhileRobinson must bear the blame, there isevidence that Horton ordered these fraudsand that the provincial authorities in UpperCanada approved .

Four hundred and twenty-two locations weremade in November 1825, in the townships ofSmith, Emily, Gore of Emily, Douro,Otonabee, Asphodel, Marmora, Ops,Goulburn, Ramsay, and Huntley. They weredivided as follows:Heads of Irish Emigrant families inPeterboro district ..............................224Ottawa district..................................... 8... given Scrip Certificates................... 1 ---- 2 33

----Sons of Irish Emigrant families(with a fewbrothers)18 & over............................132 " 18 & over, given Scrip cert's...... 2 " 17 years of age, given lots............ 4 " under 17 yrs. in Pet. district........ 4 " " " " " Ottawa " . ..... 3 ---- 1 45 ----Widows of Irish Emigrant Heads ofFamilies, given lots............................. 0Others not brought from Ireland, or broughtunder false names................. 38 " " " " .given scrip certif. 1 ---- 3 9 ----Number of extra second lots given, to headsof families................................ 3 " " sons of emigrants............ 2 ----- TOTAL LOCATIONS............... 42225

Thus of the 307 heads of families broughtfrom Ireland, only 232 received regularlocations. Besides these, there were 132regular locations of sons of 18 years andover, with a few brothers. The 4 locationsof boys of 17 years might be consideredproper, supposing they had reached their18th birthday between May and November1825. Of 422 locations, therefore, only 368could be called regular and soundaccording to the terms upon which theemigrants were brought out.

Twelve of the locations were made in theOttawa district, 8 by heads of families, 3 bysons of emigrants below 17 years, and oneby {180} a non-emigrant, only the first 8being regular locations. Of the 54 irregularlocations, 7 were to sons of emigrantsbelow 17 years, 38 were to persons taken inin Canada or brought out under falsenames, 4 were scrip certificates for land,and 5 were for extra lots. The 75 heads offamilies who did not get locations were asfollows: 9 died before location, 9 widows,4 settled in Lower Canada, 4 deserted, 4given no locations but given fiats for lotslater without being located in 1825, 1 givenscrip certificate for land, 44 others notrecorded in any account. The last threegroups, consisting of 49 heads of families,who apparently either never reached theScott's Plain depot, or left soon afterarrival. Five later made claims for land; 4were given patents and one, a scrip


certificate.

Many of the "families" put together by theIrish landlords for purposes of emigrationnow quickly disintegrated. Some 132 sons18 years and over were given locations, but 44 others were not given locations. Theyprobably went to other parts of Canada orto the United States to get work. Of these,only seven later returned to obtain patentsfor lots, and two more were given script forland. In the absence of records, it seemsthey were not located because of desertion,death or crime; after all. Robinson had beenso eager to get enough locations to make upthe "415 families" that Horton demandedbe located in Upper Canada.

The fraud, as distinguished from mereinefficiency, becomes apparent when weturn to the 38 lots given to men not on thelist of emigrants brought from Ireland. It ispossible to identify that a few of these cameout under false names, in families whereperhaps they were betrothed to a daughter.For example, Maurice Casey, 26 years ofage, came out in James Casey's family andwas involved in a fight and dismissed, butturned up in the list of locatees as MorrisClancy, and was given a lot in Dourobeside James Casey; another man whocame out as {181}Michael Maddigan. Hebecame Bartholomew Kenely in Canadaand married Mary Maddigan, and wasgiven a lot in Emily beside his wife's father.John Regan with wife and two children,became in Canada Thomas Shenick, andone of his children who was brought out asa girl Abigail, and noted on the shiplists as"alias William, victualled as a female,suspicious" became in Canada a boyoutright! Another man who came out asMichael Sweeney, with wife and 6 children,became in Canada Michael Sullivan andwas given a lot; John Pope, who came outwith his brother's family married EllenFoley when her husband died, and took thename Patrick Foley and obtained 2 grants,one as John Pope and one as Patrick Foley,as well as the one which was given to Ellenas widow of William Foley. These were afew of the newcomers into the settlement.

Many others were men who joined theexpedition between Quebec and Cobourg,and were recorded as such. Most of thenewcomers, however, seem to have beeneither strangers picked up in Canada to fillup the required list of locations, or friends

of Robinson and other officials, or formersettlers in the neighbourhood who desiredlots, or merely names inserted in the lists toget the lots and to make up the requirednumber of locations. When some of the Irishdied, their widows wasted no time inmarrying other men, often former settlers,who thus obtained locations in the"experiment." For example, Norah Fowke,whose husband died in the autumn of 1825, married Timothy Cronin in June 1826, andhe was given a lot. It will be charitable toassume that most of these 38 fraudulentlocations were given to false emigrants, tofriends and relatives of the Irish emigrantswho managed to find passage money tocome out unassisted during the summer of1825,26 or to former settlers who marriedinto emigrant families. We cannot condonethe deception practised in including themamong the Irish emigrant families who weregiven locations, provisions, and supplies. Itwas intended to make the "experiment”{182} appear extremely successful toHorton's Emigration Committees.

It is improbable that Robinson would haveengaged in such fraud without beingexpressly ordered to do so by Horton. Hemade no attempt to cover up the deception inthe accounts, perhaps because he could notdo so, or else counted upon the apathy of thepublic. Canadian authorities were too deeplyconcerned in corrupt land speculation andpatronage themselves to object to a mere5400 acres falsely located in the name of theBritish emigration "experiment." Anyrumours of corruption were hushed longbefore they reached London. Mackenzie andthe few others who attacked the wholescheme, as we shall see, claimed many of theemigrants were deserting to the UnitedStates, and criticized the type of emigrantand the extravagance. Although theysuspected the whole land system of beingfilled with corruption, they had no inkling ofthis wholesale deception.

There are several other points on which thelocation of the emigrants may be criticizedand censured. Except for those who died ordeserted, all heads of families over 45 yearsof age, whose tickets of passage weredistinctly marked by Robinson "To get noland in Canada", were nevertheless givenlots. Of these 25 given locations, only halflived to get patents for their lots 9 years ormore later, and the lots went to their sons.Another direct violation of the Regulations

on which the emigration had been foundedconsisted of the locations given to 7 sons ofemigrants below the age of 17 years.Several other sons recorded as havingsettled in Lower Canada were also givenlots in the new settlement. Three heads offamilies were given two lots apiece forlocation, and two sons of emigrants thesame. Several others were given a whole lot(200 acres) instead of the regular half-lot of100 acres. {183} This was justified by theirassistance in saving the transport whichgrounded, manning the pumps, siding incooking and distributing provisions,erecting the government depot buildings,distributing rations and utensils, and othersuch duties. One head of a family was givena scrip certificate by which he could choosehis location anywhere in Upper Canada orsell it at will, and two sons of emigrantswere given the same privilege. These minorvariations from the general rule could becondoned if there had not been the largerfrauds. Other objectionable and question-able phases of the location will arise as therationing and patent-granting are discussedlater. There was an entire lack of method,impartiality, efficiency, and ability in thelocation and maintenance of the emigrantsof 1825, and in accounting for them. Thatone-seventh of the locations werefraudulent, with a corres-ponding increasein the rations, supplies and other assistancegiven , made the "exper iment"correspondingly expensive by just aboutthe same amount by which the total costexceeded the sums voted by Parliament forthe emigration of 1825. Thus Horton'strickery recoiled to the destruction of hisassisted-emigration scheme, in trying tobolster it up, and ended all chance of itswider application in the succeedingdecades.

The Irish settlers were located in townshipsas follows: Emily 142, Ennismore 67,Otonabee 52, Douro 60, Asphodel 36,Smith 33, Marmora 11, Ops 7, Ramsay 5,Goulburn 4, Huntley 3: TOTAL: 420.27 Thelast 12 locations totalling 67 persons, werein the three townships in the Ottawadistrict(Bathurst) where the 1823 emigrantshad located. The 408 locations in the eighttownships of the district north of Rice Lakewill be discussed in more detail bytownships, especially the five townshipswhich were later in Peterborough County:Smith, Ennismore, Douro, Otonabee, andAsphodel. Except for Marmora, somewhat


to the east, the other seven townships werenear the towns of Peterborough and {184}Lindsay. It is difficult to explain the 11locations in Marmora, when much vacantland was left after 1825 in the 7 townshipswhere the main body of emigrants werelocated.

In EMILY township 142 "families" werelocated, chiefly by John Huston, thesurveyor. They totalled about 604 persons,but in the absence of definite records ofdeaths, marriages, and births among theemigrants, no exact numbers can beauthoritatively compiled. There werenumerous settlers previous to 1825 in thefirst 6 southern concessions, chieflyProtestants from the north of Ireland. TheRobinson settlers were located mostly inthe back concessions from the 7th to the12th, only a few being placed in thesouthern half among the earlier settlers.They were mostly taken to their locationsout the Communication Road, up Chemongand Buckhorn Lakes, across Pigeon Lake,and down Pigeon Creek, by a Governmentscow.28 Most of the few Protestant familiesamong the Irish emigrants were located inthe southern concessions of Emily, to avoidreligious strife.29

In OPS township to the west of Emily, weresettled 7 "families" of about 30 persons.These were conveyed by the same route asthose settled in Emily, under John Huston,and were located in the 10th and 11thconcessions. There was little or no previoussettlement in this township, and none afteruntil 1829 under Colborne's regime, but theemigrants were close to the earlier settlersin Emily and Cavan. The townplot ofLindsay was later surveyed and settlementbegun, in the middle of Ops township.30

ENNISMORE township(until 1827 theGore of Emily) wherein were settled 67"families" of about 297 persons, was themost thoroughly Irish and Roman Catholicof any townships, as its first settlers wereRobinson's emigrants in 1825, it havingbeen surveyed for their settlementespecially in that summer. Except for clergyand crown reserves, {185} and surveyors'lands, it was settled first by the emigrants,who were taken out the CommunicationRoad through Smith and directly acrossChemong Lake by scow. They were locatedon all the concessions from the 2nd to the11th. As the Government scow touched the

Ennismore shore after its trip across the lakewith the first group of settlers, PatrickGallivan jumped to the bank and exclaimed:"Behold, gentlemen, I am the first settler inEnnismore!"31 the settler farthest to thenorth, Garratt Gallivan, was settled on thenarrows between Pigeon and BuckhornLakes, in the 11th concession. He and theother settlers in the northern end ofEnnismore found it most convenient to go toPeterborough down Buckhorn and ChemongLakes by boat, and along theCommunication Road. There was muchfriction caused in the early years by amistake in the township survey, as revealedin a petition later:"...there was a mistakecommitted in the survey of every lot in the4th conc. of said township, which left thesouth half of each lot more than 100acres...the mistake commences onpetitioner's half-lot, south of lot 1 in 4th, inthe manner laid down in the enclosed sketchof the lot. When the township was firstsurveyed, the conc. line between 3rd and 4thconcs run as the line D.H. being right at theboundary for about 30 rods towards B, thenit strikes off according to the dotted line tothe post at H. Then at the time of settlingsaid township, shanties had been built byGovernment on this mistaken tract, andsettlers placed in them, who knew very littleabout either ports or lines, only to commenceworking where they were stationed. Someyears after when this mistake wasdiscovered, and the surveyor brought toaccount for his mistake, he then came andsurveyed it the second time and run the lineas B.D., but as all the settlers' labour andindustry was on this mistaken tract, and itbeing no error of theirs, it was concluded tolet it remain as it was according to the firstsurvey...Petitioner always considered that asFirhey(Patrick Trihy on north half of lot 1 in4th con.) had his full hundred acres withoutany mistake, which was more than he waspromised or expected and an emigrant(?),that he should not encroach on any part ofhis, and if he had any right to any part of theoverplus of land, let him go to where it layfor it, and not meddle with that very identicaltract which petitioner's deed covers...JamesBrenan."32 These emigrants were located bysurveyor John Huston and other formersettlers. By comparing their progress withthat of emigrants settled in other townshipsamong English, and Scots, in a later chapter,we will be able to see whether the Irishprospered more when settled among othergroups.

In SMITH township only 33 "families" ofemigrants were settled, {186}about 135persons. This township, like Asphodel andOtonabee, was already partially settled, andso fewer emigrants were placed therein thanin Ennismore and Douro, which had few orno settlers before 1825. They were mostlyplaced in the northern concessions between11th and 13th, while a few were placed inthe south between 1st and 7th concessions.Several of them were placed on lots whichhad been located before and abandoned,and this caused much trouble later on as thefollowing letters indicate:

"To Wm. Chewett, Acting-Surveyor-General, York 12th Feb.1830. Sir, Ibeg to acquaint you that I located oneof the Irish settlers under mysuperintendence in 1825 on lot 20 in7th con. Smith in consequence offinding it with no settlement duty doneupon it. As James Roseborough waslocated on it originally and now claimsit, I am of opinion that he should beallowed to locate the south half of 26 in10th Smith as it appears vacant...P.Robinson."

"Hon. Peter Robinson, York. Cobourg 25th March 1828. My DearSir, Since writing you this afternoon, aperson has called on me who holds alocation ticket for the 35th lot in 12thconc. of Smith, on which one of theYoungs was located in 1825, althoughI find that Young has made hisimprovements on 36 and 37 on theriver, where he says he was placed thromistake of McKibbon, the personemployed to locate him. As Iunderstand the person holding thelocation ticket has gone to York to seeyou, I have thought proper to suggestthat lots 35-6-7 if disposable, bewithheld until Young, who is a verygood settler, should be confirmed in hislocation. Young intends erecting asawmill this summer. The locationticket is dated June 1826, some monthsafter our locating the settler...A.McDonell"33

Those in the northern part of Smith weretaken up to their lots up a trail cut northalong the west bank of the Otonabeethrough the thick forest, and others out theCommunication Road and up ChemongLake by boat to the same part. The mostnortherly was Patrick Bourke, a non-


emigrant settled as one of the Irish byRobinson, on the east half of lot 43 in 14thconcession, and who did not remain on hisland, like many others who were farremoved from the depot and from markets.

In DOURO township were settled 60"families" of about 254 persons. Thistownship, like Ennismore, had few settlersbefore the Irish came about the only onesbeing Thomas Stewart, Robert Reid, andtwo of their friends who came in 1824-5,Captain John Armstrong and SidneyBellingham. Stewart and Reid gave up theirmonopoly of the township {187}supposedly in 1825, that Robinson mightsettle emigrants therein, but this gesturewas not so disinterested as they alleged, asStewart and Reid in three years had donenothing to settle the township, and in 1825were almost decided to abandon their landsthere because of lack of schools andmarkets and civilization. Robinson evenrequested Stewart to give up one of his lotsthat two emigrant families might be settledthereon, a strange request when there wasthe whole township to settle them in:

"Major Hillier, York. Douro, June17,1827. Sir, When Mr. Robinsonarrived here in 1825 with the Irishemigrants, he requested me to give upa lot of land to accommodate twofamilies and lhe would apply foranother lot in lieu for me. On his goingto York from this the last time, I gavehim the number of a lot I wished tohave in place of the one I gave up, andrequested that he would have it settledfor me, but I suppose from his being somuch occupied in making preparationfor his departure for England he forgotit. The lot I gave up was 2 in the 10thconc., and I wish to draw the 3rd lot inthe 9th conc. May I beg you will havethe goodness to lay this before HisExcellency the Lieut.Governor. Ienclose the location ticket. I remain,Sir,&c &c., Thomas Stewart, M.L.C."34

The emigrants were settled in the southernmiddle part of the township chiefly, in thefirst 12 lots north from the front of thetownship, the best land in the township,centred in the present village of SouthDouro. The southwestern corner of thetownship, on the river and close toPeterborough, was in the hands of Reid andStewart, who held onto it as the mostvaluable land in the township, and madelarge profits. Although no record tells who

was in charge of locations in Douro, it ispossible that surveyor John Smith andRobinson himself handled the charge, anddid it more efficiently than most others;surveyors when they stood to gain nothing,would place the settlers in the best part.

In OTONABEE township were located 52"families", about 212 persons. These werelocated by Rubidge, and were more fortunatethan any of the others, being close to thedepot, reasonably close to the lakefront, andsettled amid experienced pioneers. Therewere numerous unsatisfactory locations,however, as the following indicate:

To His Excellency Sir John Colborne,York, Jan.21st,1830. The petition ofThomas Hallahan humbly sheweth thatYour Petitioner is one of the settlers sentout from Ireland by Government in 1825under superin-tendence of {188} P.Robinson and was located on east half of21 in 10th con. Otonabee, but it has beenlately discovered the persons employedto build his shanty and show him hisland, by mistake built the shanty andplaced him on the west half instead, andyour petitioner has remained on the westhalf ever since, whereon, exclusive ofabout 10 acres on the east half, he hascleared between 12 and 16 acres, anderected a house and other buildings...thatthe said west half has been deeded and isnow owned by one William Beevis, whohas also built and is now livingthereon...35

Honble. Peter Robinson, York. Otanabee,8th Feb.1830. My Dear Sir, Ihave examined lot 21 in 10th con.Otonabee and find that Thomas Hallahanlocated on the east half of said lot has bymistake cleared and fenced from 16 to18 acres on the west and belonging to aman named William Bevis, and that hehas erected on the same a verycomfortable log house, a small barn, agood root house, sheds &c and I thinkthe man highly deserving of the hundredacres which you recommend for himwhich is very good land...I am &c.Charles Rubidge.36

It is interesting to see how Rubidge puts theblame on the man himself for clearing thewrong lot, when the blame was on Rubidgefor locating him upon the wrong lot in thefirst place 5 years before.

Hon. Thomas Ridout, York. Peterboro,

19th July, 1828. Sir, David Long anIrish emigrant informs me that personsclaiming the west half of 18 in 9th havelately performed the settlement dutieswith the view of obtaning the patent---18 is I believe one of the lots for whichcertificate of non-preformance ofsettlement duties, were obtained fromthe proper person, as well as the date oflocation from the clerk of the LandBoard, proving the lot forfeited at thetime Long was placed upon it. I am &c&c. A.McDonell37

To Honble Peter Robinson, York. Otonabee, 2nd June, 1835. Yourpetitioner humbly sheweth that he waslocated on east half of 28th in 4th conc.in year 1825 on which he has sinceresided and improved to a large extentand after fairly trying the raising ofcrops find owing to the low andflatness of the ground that it is quiteimpossible for him to obtain alivelyhood from it. Your Petr. thereforeearnestly prays that you will take thesaid lot from him and give him inexchange 200 acres being west half lots28 and 29 in 4th conc.....For whichyour Petitioner will ever pray......JohnMcCoy.38

The troubles of the Irish settlers will bemore fully discussed later when narratingtheir progress after location. Most of themin Otonabee were located in the northernand western parts, close to the river, theRubidge road, and the depot atPeterborough.

In ASPHODEL township were located 36"families", about 196 persons. They werelocated by surveyor Richard Birdsall andother former settlers such as WilliamFortune, in the northern part of thetownship, on the lots from 10 to 20 invarious concessions. Like the settlers inEmily, Ennismore and northern Smith, theywere isolated from markets, {189} andfrom the depot by large tracts of unbrokenforest. One route to Peterborough was byRice Lake and the Otonabee river in a boat,which took a whole day each way. Therewas also a road east through Otonabee toAsphodel, branching east from Rubidge'sroad at lot 13, con. 10, and going eastthrough the site of Keene, on into southernAsphodel; this was built in the autumn of1825. Rubidge's road, as already described,


proceeded north from Bannister's Landingon Rice Lake, between the 10th and 11thconcessions of Otonabee, turning west atlot 28 into Peterborough. In townships suchas Otonabee, Smith and Asphodel in whichthere were numerous settlers before theemigrants, and in which speculators hadbeen allowed to accumulate large amountsof land, the Irish had to be content with theremaining lots, which naturally were thepoorest land in the townships thus settled.This tended to neutralize any advantagewhich might accrue to those Irish who weresettled among experienced former settlers;naturally, the said former settlers such asRubidge and Stewart, wanted this statewhich would increase their land values bythe toil of the poor Irish. Although the Irishhad been used to poor land in very smallfarms for many generations in Ireland, yetthey were not slow to complain bitterly ofthe poor lands upon which many of themwere located, and to demand more andbetter land, in the following 10 years.Robinson's appointment as Commissionerof Crown Lands in 1827 was thus notexactly a sinecure for him, although hailedwith joy by his 2000 Irish!

In MARMORA township, in the presentHastings county, east of Belmont township,which is east of Dummer and Asphodeltownships, were settled 11 "families", about53 persons. No reason was given nor canone be found for their settlement so farfrom the main body of the emigrants,through 35 miles of dense forest.

The 44 heads of families not given lands inthe autumn of 1825 nor the followingspring, and who may be presumed to havedied or deserted {190} before location,were divided as follows: 35 farmers, 5labourers, 2 nailors, 1 weaver, 1 slater.With these may be included the 9 widowsand wives, the latter being brought out totheir husbands. While we might haveexpected that most of those deserting wouldbe labourers and men in other industrialoccupations, the returns prove that fewer ofthese in proportion went unlocated than offarmers. Of the 4 heads of families recordedas deserting, 3 had been labourers and 1 afarmer, while of the 4 heads of familiessettling in Lower Canada, 3 had beenlabourers and 1 a farmer. If these figuresprove anything, they prove that (a)Thereturn of emigration were very carelesslymade out if not deliberately changed, to

give the impression that most of theemigrants were farmers in Ireland beforebeing selected by the landlords; (b)Thatthose who were designated 'labourers' wereusually in Ireland farmers hounded intoindustry by lack of farms and who desiredfarms above all else. Most of the labourersbrought out in 1825 went on the land andremained there, as many if not more inproportion than the farmers brought out. Alarge number of those brought out weredesignated as "farmer & labourer" or"labourer & weaver" or "farmer & weaver"etc; others were designated "farmer" on thetickets of passage and "labourer" on the ship-lists, and vice-versa, proving that there waslittle difference between the classes.

Not only were the deaths among farmerheads of emigrant families greater thanamong labouring heads, but desertions werealso much greater in number, among thosenot located on lands in Upper Canada. As norecord is extant of the further careers of thesemen and their families, save that contained inthe ration lists and patent lists, nothing canbe deduced concerning their destinations oroccupations after the autumn of 1825, exceptin a few isolated cases. Probably numbers ofthem drifted into the cities of Canada and theUnited States, while others changed theirnames perhaps, and took farms in UpperCanada {191} or the United States, closer tofriends and relatives, maintaining themselveswith money brought out from Irelandsecretly. Doubtless some of them had not thecourage and endurance to begin a pioneersettlement in the backwoods even with thebountiful aid of Government, and preferreda life of idle poverty in the towns and settleddistricts. Others were attracted to the publicworks such as the Welland Canal, andclamoured later for land locations from theweak Robinson. There were a number ofdismissals which are only hinted at in therecords, as we shall see. Others were givenrecommendations by the surgeons, anddisappeared to ply their trades elsewhere,such as John Doody (butcher) and others.While Robinson can hardly be censured forthe whole blame for the desertion of suchnumbers from his emigrants whom he didnot choose, yet he could by greaterefficiency and despatch in settling hisemigrants have given them less opportunityto complain and quarrel and listen toenticing rumours about land and work inother parts of Canada and the United States.

We have already studied something of therations issued to the Irish on board thetransports coming from Ireland to Quebec.Robinson submitted the schedule to theEmigration Committee of 1827:"Scheme of Victualling on Ship for 2weeks:(pds.unless stated)(each) Men: Women: Children

(under 14):Pease 3 ½ pd. 3 ½ 3 ½Bread 14 10 7Potatoes 9 9 9Spirits 1 3/4 pt. .... .....Beef 3 ½ 3 ½ 2 ½ Pork 3 ½ 3 ½ 2 ½ Sugar 14 oz. 14 oz. 14 oz.Tea 3 ½ oz. 3 ½ oz. 3 ½ oz.Cocoa 7 oz. ..... .....Flour 5 1/4 pd. 5 1/4 pb. 2 ½ pd.39

The Commissariat continued the samerations while conveying the emigrants toPrescott. At the town of Prescott, securingand issuing of rations was taken over theleaders of the expedition, Doctor Reade toKingston, Colonel Burke there, andRobinson from Kingston Aug. 10th. Theprovisions were continued until November24th, 1826, a period divided into 6quarters, the first being from the arrival atPrescott up to Sept.24,1825. From theseaccounts we can deduce the date at whicheach group of emigrants arrived at Prescott:83 families from Resolution {192} andBrunswick on June 14, 44 families fromFortitude on June 16, 52 families from Starand Regulus on June 17, 50 families fromAlbion and Amity on June 18, 32 familiesfrom Elizabeth on July 2, 40 families fromJohn Barry on July 8.40 These accounts,entitled "Statement of Provisions Issued toIrish Emigrant Settlers by Quarters fromJune, 1825 to Nov. 24, 1826", are the mostcomplete and accurate documentarymaterial compiled by the authorities incharge of the expedition. Besides the rationaccounts by families for each quarter, theycontain valuable records of births, deaths,and other events concerning the emigrants.They will be more fully examined laterwhen discussing the rationing of emigrantsfor the full 18 months; at present we areconcerned only with the first quarter toSept.24,1825, which brought the emigrantsto the depot, and the second quarter toDec.25,1825, which saw them located upontheir lots for the winter.

In the first quarter 311 families were


rationed, amounting to 2036 persons: 667men, 535 women, 475 children over 7years, 359 children seven and under.41 Thefamilies which deserted or settled in LowerCanada were struck off the lists at the datesof their leaving the expedition. Of the 307heads of emigrant families, DenisFitzgerald and family(8), William Foleyand family(5), James Hamilton and wife(2)and Daniel Shea and family(6), were notgiven rations from Prescott on, presumablybecause they deserted or stayed in LowerCanada. Patrick Ryan's family was dividedinto two families, one of 6 persons beingunder his son Timothy Ryan. Besides thisadditional family, 7 other "families" of non-emigrants were included from Prescott on,consisting of: Denis Fitzpatrick andfamily(6), Timothy Cronin (1), John Hodge(1), John Russell(1), John Twomy (1),Patrick Foley and family (5), and MaryO'Brien and sister (2), all of whom weregiven land later at the depot except theO'Brien sisters. These additions, with thebirths between Cork and Prescott, and thosejoining families in Canada, brought {193}the total number under care of DoctorReade at Prescott to 2036. Deaths anddesertions soon depleted this comfortingtotal, however, to an extent which noamount of manipulation of accounts andrecruiting of false settlers could hide.

In the second quarter, from Sept.24 toDec.24,1825, most emigrants who desiredlots were located upon them. 307 "families"were rationed in this quarter; 642 men, 542women, 464 children over 7 years, 335children under and of 7.42 These figuresmay be misleading, as all boys over 14were listed as men, and all girls over 14 aswomen. By September, the following wereofficially dropped from the ration accounts,having deserted or settled in Lower Canada,Kingston or Cobourg, John Lane andfamily(3), Patrick Lewis and family(4),William Horney and family(6), JamesGould and family(6), Patrick Lynam andwife (2), James Lee and family (6). DanielShea and family (6) were put on the rationlists again, being emigrant; also GeorgeByrne and family (3) were given doublerations, as their name appears twice in thelists for the second quarter. This brought adrop of 18 in the total number and the restof the drop to the total of 1983 in thesecond quarter is explained by thenumerous deaths between Prescott andScott's Plains especially at Kingston. The

assertion that there were no desertions up tothe time the emigrants arrived at Scott'sPlains, except the 3 officially recordedfamilies, would seem to be verified by theseaccounts. At the same time, they do notcorrespond with the official numberslocated, viz.1859 in the Newcastle districtand 67 in the Bathurst district, a total of1926 persons.43The fatality of Horton'smistake in not providing an efficientaccountant to manage the finance andaccounting of the expedition becomes moreand more evident as the location and rationaccounts of the expedition are studied.System, clarity and efficiency were as rare ascomplexities, vagueness and carelessnesswere common, even in covering up mistakesand frauds.{194}

Robinson was assisted by Wesley Ritchieand Captain John Armstrong in distributingthe rations to the emigrants. Usually some ofthe older boys and girls were sent in to thedepot once or twice weekly to get thefamily's rations, while the men of the familywere busy chopping and building andplanting, and the women busy tending thehouse, cooking the meals, and helping in thefields. The rations were chiefly of flour,potatoes, beef and salt pork, some of whichwere purchased from the former settlers ofthe district, but most of which were broughtin by scow from Cobourg, York and thelakefront, where the influential friends ofRobinson obtained very profitable contractsfor providing food. The original plan hadbeen to give rations for 12 months only, asstated in the 1824 prospectus and elsewhere;but the emigrants were practically pennilessand without crops until the end of July,1826, and so the rations were continued untilNov. 24th, 1826, 18 months after thedeparture from Cork.44 This was certainly done to keep the Irishwho HAD been located on their lands, sincea cessation of rations in May 1826 wouldsurely have driven many more from theirlocations to get work elsewhere, many ofwhom would not return, and thereby ruin thechances of presenting a favourable cropreport for the first year. Yet wages in thedistrict at that time were higher thanelsewhere in the province; Rubidge said:

During the time Mr. Robinson's settlerswere getting rations, labourer's wageswere higher than they had ever beenknown except through the war. Thiswould certain-ly not have been the case

if they had been less lavishly supplied.An able bodied man that is industriouswill never want for work in UpperCanada; and if he will work he will ina very short time get himself a cow,grain, potatoes, &c.&c.45

If rations had been cut off in May, 1826,most who did stay on their locations wouldhave probably stayed in that case, and goneout to work for part of the year as inIreland, leaving their numerous childrenand wife to manage the farm in theirabsence. It would have prevented theclearing of much land, and hence wouldhave prevented their sowing any crops in1826 except a small patch of potatoes, as inIreland. We {195}can see in this the desireof "gentry" like Rubidge, Stewart, Reid,and Strickland to get a class of tenantlabourers who would cheapen wages in thedistrict and be completely under theircontrol, as in Ireland; it is to Robinson'scredit that they were foiled in their plots.One hundred acres was of no more use toan emigrant than 10 acres if it was coveredwith forest, and they needed rations andunceasing labour on their OWN farms forthe first year in Canada, to get a sufficientarea cleared and fenced to raise food andmarketable crops. As we shall soon see, theformer settlers like Rubidge, Reid, Stewartand Strickland had little use forinexperienced Irish labourers, whom theyinstinctively disliked and despised. Theycould only get steady work by going to thecanal projects and other works at a distancefrom the Peterborough district, as many didat a later date.

The "Statement of Provisions by Quarters"when checked by the original accounts keptby Robinson and his clerks, "Families andRations by Townships", (of which there arethe actual account-book and a fair copy inthe Pet.Lib.Coll.), enable an exact andauthoritative study to be made of therations issued, in place of the severalconflicting scales proffered by variouswriters. Most writers have followedRubidge, than whom they could not get aless reliable guide, in stating the followingas the ration scale used to provision theemigrants:

"One pound pork a day and one or 11/2 pounds flour. They were tooliberally supplied and given food towhich they were entirely unused, and inconsequence they disposed of this for


whisky..."46

Elsewhere he expanded this; his desire toharm Robinson was very evident."All over 14 years of age: 1 pound flourand 1 pound pork daily.Children 5-14 years of age:1/2 " " 1/2" " " . " under 5 years: 1/4 " " 1/4 " " " ."47 There are severalvariations upon this by writers, such as:"daily rations of 1 pound pork and 1 poundflour for each adult, and half that amountfor children,"48 with a more liberal hand.Although the actual rations given werequite liberal, they were not quite so much{196}asopposition and ignorance wouldhave us believe. They were as follows, withsome minor variations:

Men and boys 14 yrs. & over, 1 poundflour and 1 pound pork daily. Womenand girls 14 yrs. & over, 1 pound flourand 1/2 pound pork daily. Children 7 to13 years of age, 1/3 pd. flour and 1/3pd. pork daily. Children up to 6 yearsof age, 1/4 pound flour and 1/4 poundpork daily.49

During the first quarter, women and girlsover 14 years received half a pound of flourand half a pound of pork daily, but afterSept.24th, 1825, they received 1 poundflour as above, once the depot was reached.No reason is given for this unnecessaryraising of the ration scale. Fully half theboys of 12 received women's rations, andhalf the boys of 13 received women'srations.50 These were perhaps more maturechildren, and those who had more work todo, being without as many men and womenof maturer age in their families. Some ofthem were given more rations by order ofDoctor Reade, as marked in the "Familiesand Rations by Townships", and others,who were more industrious and willing andobliging than usual, by order of Robinson.

Thus in an average family of 7, they wouldreceive 25 to 40 pounds of flour and 20 to35 pounds of meat per week, with theblessing of the British government, over aperiod of 18 months. Most of thecontemporary observers corroborate theverdict of historical analysis that theserations were twice as plentiful and half assuitable as the Irish needed, and indeed ofpositive harm to the emigrants. They werealso of negative harm in discouraging thrift,industry and endurance during the first yearon their farms, with the result that great

numbers left at the end of their rationedperiod, and never obtained patents for theirlands. Most of the emigrants, especiallythose with large families, found it easy tolive comfortably on HALF the rationsissued, since they were used to much poorerfare in Ireland. Harrison, an early settler inAsphodel, told of

"one immigrant intimately known to thenarrator who in the course of 2 years notonly fed {197} his own large family wellbut in the meantime sold sufficient of thepork and flour furnished him byGovernment to buy two cows..."51

The woods around abounded in rabbits,partridge, deer, bear, and other edible game,and with roots, berries, and edible plants inprofusion; the Kawartha lakes and rivers arestill famed for their plentiful and varied fish;what need had any settlers of excess coarseblack flour and tough beef and salt pork,which would ruin the strongest digestion, yetwas given for all emigrants down to thebabies? Many of the Irish did live on thehealthful food provided by the region, andsold the government rations:

Some of us with more foresight than thecommon Irishman is credited with, hadbrought our ancient flintlocks andmuskets with us. But sport lost half itscharm when we were confident that therewere no vigilant keepers around with aneye for poachers, but where we were freeto shoot all we could.....52

Yet this same emigrant said:"This food (the rations) was vastly morenourishing and wholesome than what wewere accustomed to, a diet of potatoesall the year round. There we never tastedmeat; to be sure, we made a specialeffort to have a piece to hang up in thecabin, and were expected to look at itwhile we ate our potatoes, and obtain allthe relish we could by that means. AsGoldsmith says, in describing a typicalIrish cabin: 'In some Irish homes, whenthings are so-so, A gammon of baconhangs up for a show; But as for theireating the thing they take pride in,They'd as soon think of eating the pan itwas fried in! The meat in an Irish cabinwas a thing to be admired from afar, athing for the district visitor to see, and anevidence of our thrift."53

It was no mere coincidence that Adam Scottstarted his primitive distillery in his house atthe depot in the summer of 1825. He sold his

impure and fiery whisky at 10-15c. agallon, or more often traded a gallon for apound of flour or pork.54 Stewart stated toHall in 1827:"Douro settlers are at presentall Irish, and though doing well yet fromtheir former indolent(sic) habits they havenot exerted themselves as much as theymight, being addicted to taking too muchwhisky and so losing a great deal oftime..."55

Rubidge, writing to Hall also in 1827,amplified this assertion:

"From observation, I think Governmentdid too much for those already sentout...they are not left to find resourcesfrom their own industry and energy.While the rations last many of theemigrants make little exertion, anddispose of food they have not beenused to, such as pork, for whisky,thereby injuring their constitutions andmorals, and fixing for a time habits ofidleness..."56

In 1838 he declared to Horton:"Generally speaking, emigrants sent outto Canada have been too well fed. Porkand flour for persons accustomed tolive on potatoes mostly, are very {198}injurious to the health..."57

We have already seen his solicitude for theemigrants' health in his remarks to theCommittee in 1847. But Rubidge didsupport Robinson in asserting that rationsshould be continued at least until the firstcrop was gathered, as in July, 1826:

Where the head of the family iscompelled by a stoppage of rations tosuspend his endeavours to make ahome for them, and to leave them in aforlorn state in search of work, that itbreaks down his spirit, he fears theworst from the undertaking he hasengaged in, and if he can he willremove his family altogether; whereas,if his rations are continued till the endof July of the following year, he willthen, having used common industry,have a good crop of potatoes at leastfor their support, whilst he takesadvantage to work out through theharvest to get a cow, and in wintertakes a job in threshing to supply themwith bread.....58

Thus many of the emigrants sold part or allof their rations, getting in return whiskyand food more congenial to their tastes,such as potatoes, rye flour and oatmeal,


milk and peas. "The principal diet of these earlysettlers was pea soup and pork, ryeflour bread, and butter...Some of thepoorer settlers were content withpotatoes, porridge and milk, andsometimes bran cakes...in place of flouror meal, they boiled whole wheat andcorn..."59

To this they added fish, vension, rabbit,wild roots, berries and other fruit, andmany wild foods which were morenourishing and inexpensive than flour andpork, and provided healthful sport as well.

The ration ledgers, incidentally, gave thefamilies as these came over on thetransports, not the "families" as locatedupon the land; all who came over as onefamily(with some false members certainly)obtained their rations under the name of thehead of that family, unless they were loctedfar distant from the head of the family, assome sons were, or were girls who marriedand received rations with the families oftheir husbands. It may be of interest tocompare the "families" located on lands,with the real families as brouth out fromIreland and rationed, in the varioustownships:

Locations RationsDOURO 60 39SMITH 33 19EMILY 142 89ENNISMORE 67 42OTON.ABEE 52 35ASPHODEL 36 31OPS 7 3MARM.ORA 11 4GOULBURN 4 3RAMSAY 5 4HUNTLEY 3 1 60

There were 422 "families" located in thetownships, but only 270 {199} real familiesas brought from Ireland and rationedthroughout.

The same loquacious Irishman who hasbeen quoted before may be quotedconcerning the supplies given by abountiful Providence, in the rather unusualform of Government, to the Irish settlers of1825:

How delighted the women were withthe houses! They were so neat andclean, and furnished with everythingnecessary for a plain mode of living.No, true for you, we couldn't gaze far;the stumps and trees were too thick.

But what of that? Hadn't we stronghearts and willing hands, and oxenbesides? We received also a cow, an axe,an auger, a handsaw, a hammer, 100nails, 2 gimlets, 3 hoes, a kettle, a fryingpan, an iron pot, 8 quarts of Indian cornto plant, and Joy of joys, 5 bushels ofseed potatoes. This surely was a landflowing with milk and honey, or rather,what is better, potatoes and pork.....61

These stores and supplies were given afterthe location upon lots, as on Jan.12th,1826,Robinson wrote his brother from Monaghan,saying that he had been delayed in visitinghim in York "awaiting the arrival of somestores from Kingston, the delay being causedby bad roads."62 These supplies, with thespades, shovels, muskets, furniture and otherutensils which some of the Irish broughtfrom home, equipped them better than theordinary poor settlers for the difficulties ofpioneer life, and obviated some of theobstacles which their inexperienced andundernourished state magnified. Theprovision of supplies was one of the mostsensible and efficient phases of the entiresettlement. The utensils and seed given werewell chosen, and the gift of a cow to eachfamily gave them a sense of propertyownership which 100 acres of wild forestcould not convey, besides being verybeneficial for the children in giving milk,cheese and butter.

The number of oxen distributed is uncertain,but one of those bought for the conveyanceof emigrants was bestowed upon each groupof settlers or "community", for the commonuse of all in their heavy work, after they hadall been transported to their land. These oxenwere mainly used thereafter in haulingsupplies and rations from the depot for thegroup, in dragging stumps out of the roadallowances and first fields, and in othercommunity work and "bees". They were{200} of invaluable aid to the settlers, beinghardier and requiring less shelter and carethan horses; at least one old pioneer of Smithtownship, William Brown, still prefers oxento horses in his farm work.63

The Government bounty, bestowed with alavish hand by Robinson, did not even restthere, as all previous writers have taken forgranted. The "Families and Rations byTownships" records the supplying of 294blankets to 108 families betweenDec.20,1825, and May 30,1826, mostly by

order of Doctor Reade. These varied innumber from one to 5 per family accordingto the need, being given to the poorer andmore sickly families as follows: Dec.20,1825:3 blankets to 1 family, Dec.21: 25 blankets to 7 families; Dec.22: 29 blankets to 13 families; Dec.23: 21 blankets to 7 families; Dec.27: 5 blankets to 2 families; Dec.28: 22 blankets to 8 families; Dec.29: 11 blankets to 4 families; Dec.30: 20 blankets to 7 families; Dec.31: 32 blankets to 9 families; Jan.2,1826: 17 blankets to 6 fams; Jan.3: 7 blanktets to 3 families;Jan.4: 7 blankets to 2 families; Jan.5: 24 blankets to 9 families; Jan.6: 15 blankets to 5 families;Jan.7: 2 blankets to 1 family; Jan.9: 5 blankets to 1 family; Jan.10: 3 blankets to 1 family; Jan.11:25 blankets to 10 families; Jan.12: 6 blankets to 2 families;Jan.15: 6 blankets to 2 families; Jan.16: 2 blankets to 1 family; Jan.20: 4 blankets to 1 family; Jan.28: 3 blankets to 1 family; Feb.13: 3 blankets to 1 family; Apr.11: 2 blankets to 1 family; Apr.12: 1 blanket to 1 family; Apr.26: 2 blankets to 1 family; May30th: 2 blankets to 1 family.64

The period of most distress and coldweather was between Dec.21, 1825, andJan.11, 1826. The issuance of theseblankets also had a relation to theprevailing fever and ague which swept offnumbers of emigrants in the autumn andwinter of 1825.

Basil Hall, writing in 1827, said:Each of the families sent out byGovernment in 1825 when located ontheir land were supplied with variousnecessary articles to assist them, whichcost, independently of the expenses ofthe passage out and all other incidentaloutlays, about £12 per head, or £60 for

a family of a man, a woman, and 3

children....65

Aside from the fact that the families sentout and the families rationed and suppliedwere not of the above average proportions,there is not an iota of accuracy or authorityin this statement. In the sketchy accounts ofthe expedition, there was an item of£1199,18s.6d. "for stores supplied to the


emigrants of 1825", which implies that thesupplies given to each of the 422 "families"located cost about £2,17s.2d. Thisprobably does not include the cow and the{201} ox and the blankets and the seed, butcould purchase all the UTENSILS given, atthe current prices. This amount of£1199,18s.6d. was given to the Board ofOrdnance, which would confirm theprevious statement that these stores werepurchased from the Ordnance, being leftover from the previous military settlements.Some of them had been shipped in the JohnBarry, while others were collected inCanada, mostly from the militaryauthorities at Quebec and Kingston.

The giving of utensils and the type ofutensils given were very valuable aids tothe emigrants; but the actual utensils givenwere not so useful, although relished by theunparticular Irish. These utensils had beenrusting away in storehouses of the militaryfor a decade, and now in 1825 theOrdnance Board saw a golden opportunityof getting rid of them for money anddamaging the assisted emigration with oneblow, and forced Robinson to buy them ata high figure. The quality of them isrevealed by a letter of Byham(in theOrdnance) to Horton on Feb.16,1828,sending a list of stores in charge of theOrdnance storekeeper, sent out to Canadafor settlers and not required for publicservice, as the issue of such stores had beendiscontinued for years;

The Board are desirous of receivingLord Bathurst's propositions as to theirdisposal". Horton added a note to theletter before passing it on to Bathurst,"The tools are generally inferior inquality and unsuited for the use ofemigrants, so that their acquisition isinexpedient if payment is required. Itmight be well to distribute them toemigrants without charge as a gift, butif sold by auction they could only besold as old iron.....66

Yet the Ordnance did not give up theirefforts to dispose of this "old iron" for aprofit, as they wrote to Robinson in 1830,he being in charge of lands and settlementin Upper Canada:

Sir, Ordnance Office, Quebec,14Jul.30 There being a considerablequantity of settlers' stores, which arenot required, at Montreal, we have thehonour to request you will be pleased

to inform us, if you require stores of thisdescription, and would purchase themfor use of persons settling upon land inUpper Canada. If you will agree to takethem we will cause their being sent toKingston. We request you will also statethe price you are disposed to give fort h e m. . . E . W . D u m f o r d , C o l .Commanding Royal Engineers, M. Gore,D'y .Storekeeper. 7500 scythes withhandles, complete with 1 rag and 1rubstone each: {202}3600 reapinghooks, 10000 garden hoes, 2000 gardenrakes, 1400 spades, 7900 pitchforks,6000 harrow teeth, 2000 brush hooks,5000 hand bills, 4500 hand saws, 500augers of sixes, 900 iron wedges, 1200felling axes, 600 carpenters' knives,1200 coopers ' kn ives . . .Mont .Jan.18,1830.67

With such an assortment to choose from, itwas a wonder that Robinson in 1825 choseonly the utensils which he did give to eachfamily; but a reaping hook and a pitchfork ortwo per family would have been good.

Col. Talbot's "Outline of a Plan of Emi-gration to Upper Canada" was laid before theAgricultural Committee in 1822, and wasused extensively by Horton and Robinson; itstated £3 to be the proper amount to pay perfamily for utensils, and £4,10s. for eachcow68(2). Since the first was the actual sumexpended per family for utensils, we mayconclude that the second sum wasapproximately that paid for each of the cowsgiven to the emigrants; Talbot lived himselfon the shore of Lake Erie in Upper Canada,and had shrewd knowledge of prices there.

Claims have been made that the Irish ate alltheir seed potatoes before the spring of 1826,but these seem groundless when we studythe crops raised in that first year: From 2100bushels of seed potatoes given out, therewere raised 67,799 bushels in 1826; from3360 quarts of seed corn, there were raised10,438 1/2 bushels of corn in the first year.69

Only an experienced farmer is authoritywhether or not these are fair yields forinexperienced settlers in their first year, onfields filled with stones and stumps, newly-broken and uncultivated, where rabbits wereplentiful and the hoe and spade were theonly utensils possessed by the emigrants.

Thus while much criticism was expressedand was justified concerning the

wastefulness and unfitness of the rations,no adverse criticism was expressed orjustified concerning the supplies issued byRobinson, although they might have beenpurchased more cheaply elsewhere. Everyitem on the list, from the cow to the fryingpan, was very helpful and even essential tothe emigrant in his battle with the woods.The axe was vitally necessary in choppingland and building house, {203} stable,barn, furniture, and even in cutting fuel.The auger, handsaw, hammer, nails andgimlets were necessary in buildingfurniture, partitions, floors etc. in their newhouses, in constructing snowsleds anddrags and harrows and other implements,and in a hundred places around the farm.The hoes were very necessary for plantingand cultivating, in the absence of ploughsand cultivators and other implements whichno modern farmer could do without;especially in the growth of potatoes werehoes needed, to provide the emigrants overthe next winter 1826-7, when rations werestopped. The kettle, fryingpan, and iron potwere the essential kitchen utensils, forboiling water and potatoes, cooking meat,etc. The iron pot, which had often been theonly utensil in an Irish cabin, wasindispensable to Irish housewives in theearly years in the backwoods, whenpotatoes were still a staple part of everymeal.

The Irish were grateful for the suppliesgiven them, as indeed they were grateful atany time for favour or advantage. One ofthem has already been quoted at somelength; another exclaimed to Hall in 1827:

Even to the value of that gimlet we areobligated to the King--God bless him!and we shall bring up our children toknow what has been done for us andfor them--and to be loyal subjects ofHis Majesty, whatever happens, like aswe ourselves--and good reason too, forwe have been taken from misery andwant, and put into independence andhappiness....70

Cornelius Sullivan felt the same, as Hallrecounted:"I wished to know if he feltgrateful to Government for having sent himand his family out to Canada free ofexpense, and given him so much land andprovisions gratis? He was completely takenaback by the directness of the appeal, andexclaimed in a sort of shout:"Och, yes, tobe sure I am! We owe everything in the


world to the Government--that is, to theKing, His Majesty, long life to him!...."71

We shall see later how far these feelingsand words went in actions.

Thus we find the "experiment" welladvanced by the end of November, 1825, 7months after it was begun, with most of theemigrants located on lands, provisionedand settled and supplied. From theirshanties, erected by Government, theycould look out over 100 acres of forestwhich was theirs to cultivate and fromwhich to create prosperity {204} forthemselves and their children. Everythingwas done for them except the actualclearing and planting of the land. Theylived in Government shanties, eatingGovernment rations brought out often inGovernment sleighs and wagons drawn byGovernment oxen, and cooked inGovernment kettle, pot and pan. Their firsttask was to build a log stable for theirGovernment cow, and then to constructfurniture and partitions for their shantieswith their Government saw, hammer,gimlets, augers and nails. They spent theirwinter cutting down trees with aGovernment axe, and dragging them tocabins or piles with the aid of Governmentoxen. When they were sick or cold, theywent to see Doctors Reade or Connin andwere given Government medicine andblankets. It was a situation which madethem entirely dependent on Government,and while valuable in giving them a fairstart in the bush, it was no test of theirability or industry or perseverance underpioneering conditions, as compared to lifein Ireland.

The real test came when Doctor Reade leftin the spring of 1826, and rations stoppedin November 1826; the real measure oftheir industry is in comparison of theirachievements in the first and later years,compared with earlier unassisted settlers,and later assisted emigrants of 1829 and1831. The crop report which Robinson andHorton triumphantly shook in the faces ofcritics in Parliament and the EmigrationCommittees, was no true index of what theIrish could do unassisted from their ownindustry and ability in a pioneer life,although it might support Horton's theoryof assisted emigration. The dependencewhich over-assistance continued in theIrish, the fawning and servility inculcatedby generations of Irish landlordism, made

the growth of a snobbish colonial "gentry" inthe district easy and inevitable, and we shallsee the results in the succeeding decades. Itwas not until pride of ownership andprosperity made the Irish realize theirequality with any in the district in industryand independence, that they disregardedcolonial "squires" rich on stolen lands.

[end part 7]

LIQUOR LICENSES,PETERBOROUGHCOUNTY, 1876

Peterborough Review, 5 May 1876

HOTELS

PeterboroughAllan Huffman, Huffman HouseMrs Morgan, Commercial HouseWilliam Croft, Smith HouseEdward Phelan, Phelan’s HotelRobert Roddy, Stewart HouseJohn Dunlop, Revere HouseJoseph Brault, Montreal HouseJohn Wilson, Royal OakJohn Sullivan, Peterborough HouseA.P. Morgan, Chambers HouseN. Prenevau, Railroad HotelJohn Moloney, Caisse HouseG. Berabee, Faucher’s HotelT. Cavanagh, American HotelM. Halpin, Dublin House

SmithM Hetherman, BridgenorthJ.E. Kearney, Young’s PointStephen Nicholls, Hall’s BridgeRichard Northey, Selwyn

LakefieldGeorge German, Midland HouseMrs Purser, Blakely’s HotelJ.C. Carveth, Carveth’s Hotel

North MonaghanMrs Scott, Scott’s Corners

EnnismorePatrick Grady, Lehane’s Hotel

AshburnhamGeorge Rickey, Tremont HouseW. Swanston

Asphodel

Hugh Beckett, NorwoodMrs Brennan, NorwoodA. Hill, NorwoodGeorge Galvin, Westwood

OtonabeeJohn Gall, KeeneJohn McLaughlin, KeeneA. Erskine, Wallace PointJohn Smith, Indian River

BelmontJ. Purdy, Blairton

BurleighJ. Holmes, Burleigh BridgeA. McImoyle, Apsley

DummerH. Myers, WarsawJames Lynn, Warsaw

SHOPS

PeterboroughWilliam Harty & Co., George StreetMcKelver & Hogan, Hunter StreetGeorge Snyder, George StreetJohn Garvey, George StreetRush, Rubidge & Co., George StreetJohn Cameron, George StreetThomas Chambers, Water Street

AsphodelR. Hall, Norwood

There were no applications for licensesfrom Douro, Harvey or Galway.

If you have enjoyed reading the HeritageGazette of the Trent Valley, why not shareit with your kith and kin. Annualmemberships only cost $40 and includefour issues of the most informative serialpublication serving the area fromHaliburton to Trenton, from AlgonquinPark to Oshawa.

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Martha Ann Kidd Collection

THE

CANADA DIRECTORYCONTAINING

THE NAMES OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS MENOF EVERY DESCRIPTION, IN THE

CITIES, TOWNS, AND PRINCIPAL VILLAGES OF CANADA:TOGETHER WITH

A COMPLETE POST OFFICE DIRECTORYOF

THE PROVINCE;A DIRECTORY TO PUBLIC OFFICES, OFFICERS AND INSTITUTIONS;

A VARIETY OF STATISTICAL AND COMMERCIAL TABLES,EXHIBITING

THE POPULATION, TRADE, REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, IMPORTS, EXPORTS, PUBLIC WORKSETC., ETC., OF CANADA,

AND A VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION.BROUGHT DOWN TO NOVEMBER, 1851.

_______ BY ROBERT W.S. MACKAY

-------

MONTREALPRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET.

1851.

PETERBOROUGHThe COUNTY TOWN of the County of Peterborough, issituated on the Otonabee River, in the TOWNSHIP ofMonaghan, C.W. - distant from Cobourg, 30 miles - usualfare, by stage and steamboat, in summer, 5s usual stagwfare u\in winter, 5s. - distant from Port Hope, 30 miles -usual fare, by stage and steamboat, in summer, 5s., usualstage fare in winter, 5s. Population 2000.

______

PUBLIC OFFICERS.Hall, G.B., judge for the county and surrogate courts.Hall, James, M.P.P. for Peterborough.Conger, W.S., sheriff.Wrighton, W.H., clerk of the peace and deputy clerk of

the crown.Rubidge, Charles, county registrar.Fortye, Thomas, clerk county court and registrar

surrogate court.Crawford, Walter, crown land agent.Millburn, Thomas, revenue inspector.Short, Thomas, warden of the county, Keene.Hudson, Charles, mayor of Peterboro'.Carver, S.J., postmaster.

Vizard, W.H.J., town clerk.Ferguson, Frederick, county treasurer.Hall, J.J., clerk of division court.Sheridan, Walter, clerk, county council.Reed, John, county engineer.Nicholls, R. town treasurer.Norton, Henry, jailor.

AGENCIES OF ASSURANCE COMPANIES, BANKS, &c.Bank of Montreal, Robert Nicholls, agent.Canada Life Assurance Company, Charles Rubidge, agent.Colonial Life Assurance Company, Robert Nicholls, agent.National Loan Fund, Life and equitable Fire Assurance

Companies of London, W. H. Wrighton, agent,Court-house.

Provincial Mutual Fire Assurance Company, James Hall,agent, Hunter st.

Mutual Fire Assurance, Newcastle district, Robert Nicholls,agent.


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PROFESSIONS, TRADES, &c.ALBRO, JOHN., dealer in dry goods, groceries, hardware,

crokery, &c., and country produce, George st.BETHUNE, ALEXANDER, dealer in groceries, crockery,

glass and country produce, George st.BRADBURN, THOMAS, dealer in dry goods, groceries,

hardware, crockery, &c., George st.BURNHAM, ELIAS, barrister and attorney at law, George BUTLER, REV. John, Roman Catholic.CONGER, W.S., sheriff of the county, George st.COULTER, WILLIAM, chemist and druggist, George st. -

paints, oils, dye stuffs, perfumery, books, stationary,&c., for sale at moderate terms.

CRESWELL, WILLIAM, Victoria Inn, Hunter st. - travellersor permanemt boarders will find goodaccommodations and moderate charges; good yard and stabling attached to the premises.

DENNISTOUN, ROBERT, barrister and attorney at law,master extraordinary in chancery, and notary public,Market square.

EASTLAND, William, dealer in dry goods, groceries,hardware, crockery and produce, George st.

EDMISON, HENRY, general smith and steam engineer -steam engines manufactured, and every dsecription ofrepairs executed in the best manner, and upon reasonable terms.

FISHER, THOMAS J., Albert house, stage house, liverystables, and steamboat office, George st. - travellerswill find this a comfortable house and chargesmoderate.

HALL, JAMES, tannery, Hunter st.HASLEHURST, GEORGE, printing office, George st.NICHOLLS, ROBERT, dealer in dry goods, groceries,

hardware, crockery and country produce, corner ofSimcoe and Water sts.

PERRY. Dr. EGERTON, M. D., George st.PERRY, CHARLES, dealer in dry goods, groceries,

hardware, china, glass, &c., and lumber merchant,corner of George and Hunter sts.

SNYDER, WILLIAM, dealer in dry goods, groceries,hardware, crockery and country produce, George st.

TYRE, GREENE, & CP., dealers in dry goods, groceries,liquors, hardward, crockery and country produce,George st.

VIZARD, WILLIAM H.J., attorney at law, George st.WEEKLY DESPTCH, newspaper, G. Haslehurst, George stWHITE, Thomas, boot and shoe store, George st. - a good

stock of boots and shoes constantly onhand or made toorder, of the best quality and at reasonable prices.

WINCH, RICHARD, butcher, Simcoe st.

Allan, George, smith and machinist, George st.Allan, George, blacksmith, George st.Almond, Francis, watchmaker, George st.Armstrong, F.H., storekeeper, George st.Arnott, William, baker, George st.Ayres, P.J., axe factory, Scotch village.

Bailey, G.W., accountant and general agent, Water st.Baxter, William, innkeeper, George st.Beatty, Thomas, innkeeper, George st.Beatty, R.P., tailor, George st.Beavis, Thomas, shoemaker, Simcoe st.Bell, James, general store, George st.Bell, William, chemist and druggist, Hunter st.Bigelow, J.R., tin and copper smith, Hunter st.Blackstock, Robert, saddler and harnessmaker, George st.Brown, Templeton. watchmaker, George st.Brown, James, tailor, George st.Burnham, Dr. George, Water st.Cathcart, Andrew, hardware, Hunter st.Chambers, Thomas, commercial hotel, corner of Water and

Hunter sts.Chartrain, Gabriel, cabinet maker, George st.Cragie, J., carpenter and builder, Scotch village.Cluxton, William, general store, George st.Crothers, David, blacksmith, George st.Curry, William, dry goods. George st.Davey, John, baker and grocer, George st.Davis, John, mason and bricklayer, Simcoe st.Dickson, Samuel, saw mill, River side.Dunsford, George, barrister and attorney at law, Water stEdwards, James, storekeeper, Hunter st.English, John, machinist and smith, Charlotte st.Fleming, Robert, dry goods, George st.Gilmour, Rev. J., Baptist. Green, Benjamin, storekeeper, Water st.Hagart, John, tailor, Hunter st.Hall, john, grist and saw mills, River side.Hall, William, saddler, George st.Haney, James, iron foundry and machine shop, Scotch

village.Hartley, Samuel. mason and bricklayer, South Town hill.Hamilton, james, foundry, Georgs st.Hay, Dr. Thomas, Brock st.Heard, John, mason and bricklayer, Brock st.Henthorne, James T., baker, George st.Hogan, Michael, innkeeper, George st.Daniel Hopkins, plasterer, Water st.Hope & Sanderson, planing and saw mills, George st.Howard, Rev. Isaac B., Wesleyan.Hudson, Charles, storekeeper, Hunter st.Hunter, Robert W., grocer, George st.Hurley, Rev. Robert, Bible Christian.Hurley, James, cabinetmaker, George st.Hutchinson, Thomas, blacksmith.Jenkins, George, tailor, George st.Johnson, Hugh, farrier, Hunter st.Johnson, William, tailor, Water st.Keele & Wright, boot and shoe makers, George st.Kelly, Thomas, grocer, George st.


Kempt. A.W., druggist, George st.Kennedy, John, painter and glazier, Water st.Kingdon, William, cooper, Simcoe st.Leach, William, blacksmith, Scotch village.Lannin & Finley, shoe store, George st.Law, Aexander, chemist and druggist, George st.Lathrop,______, shingle factory, River side.Leonard, Thomas, shoemaker, George st.Lundy, William, grocer, George st.Lundy, William, distiller and grocer, George st.McBurney, William, saddler and harnessmaker, George st.McDonald, John, tailor, Scotch village.McDonald, Dincan, blacksmith, George st.McGregor, William. carpenter and builder, Scotch village.McGregor, L., shingle factory, River side.McNab, Dr. John, Hunter st.McNeil, Alexander, storekeeper, George st.Marshall, Christopher, baker, George st.Malcolm, William, iron foundry and carriage-maker, Simcoe

st.Marshall, R.L., shingle factory, River side.Might, John, Saddler and harnessmaker, George st.Miller, Mrs., grocer, George st.Mowry, John, iron foundry and machine shop, Scotch village.Moffat, John, grist and saw mill, 1 mile north of town.Neimeier, Dr. George, Simcoe st.Nesbitt, E.J., saddler and harnessmaker, Hunter st.O'Beirne, Ivan, barrister, Water st.Palmer, R.D., hotelkeeper, George st.Patterson, James R., bookseller and stationer, George st.Peck, Arthur, brewer, Scotch village.Poole, Thomas, cabinet maker, George st.Reid, john, land surveyor, Hunter st.Ridley, R., storekeeper and druggist, George st.Roberts, Rev. E., Baptist.Roe, William, carpenter and builder, George st.Roger, Rev. J.M., Free Church.Russell, Thomas, shoemaker, Water st.Rogers, R.D., miller and grocer, Scotch village.Roy, John, tannery, George st.Ryan, Patrick, tannery, George st.Shaw, Joseph, tailor, George st.Spalding, Clark, brewer and distiller, George st.Stalker, Joseph, shoemaker, Water st.Stevenson, James, tin and copper smith, George st.Stinson, Robert, shoe store, George st.Sperry, _____, rakemaker, 1 mile from town.Tanner, Robert, boot and shoemaker.Tasker, William, shoemaker, Scotch village.Taylor, Rev. R.J.C., M.A., Church of England.Taylor, D., carpenter and builder, Scotch village.Towns, Robert, woollen factory, Scotch village.Thompson, Robert, general store, Gerge st.Waddell, Robert, carriage maker and blacksmith, George stWalton, R. Saddler and harnessmaker, George st.Wortzer, Napoleon, carding and fulling mills, Peterboro'

East.

Martha Ann Kidd Collection

Robert Nicholls sells property,1876

FOR SALE: VALUABLE PROPERTY IN THE TOWNOF PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough Review, 10 March 1876Brick store on George Street, occupied by Mr HymanBrick store on George Street, occupied by Mr W.G.ThompsonBrick store on George Street, occupied by P. Connal &Co.Brick house and lot no. 1, east of Water and north ofMacdonald StreetHouse and lot, west ½ lot 2, north of Murray and east ofWater StreetThree brick buildings on Lot 1, south of Hunter and eastside of Water StreetTwo houses on lot 5, north side of London StreetHouse and lot 6, north of Macdonald and west of GeorgeStreetLot south-west corner of George and Dublin StreetsLot north west corner of Water and Hunter StreetsLot 12, south of Hunter and west of George StreetHouse and Lot 13, south of Hunter and west of GeorgeStreetLot 13, south of Simcoe and west of George StreetLot 13, north of Charlotte and west of George StreetPart of lot 11, south of Simcoe and west of George StreetLot 16, south of Dublin StreetLot 1, east of George and north of Perry StreetHouse and lot 1, north of Elizabeth Street, AshburnhamLots in the English settlement13 lots north side of Smith and west of George Street30 acres, part of lot 1 on east side of CommunicationRoad18 acres adjoining residence of Alex Smith, EsqPart of lot 3 in 12th and 3 in 11th concession of Douro, 127acres

For particulars, apply to R. NICHOLLS

Peterborough Review, 1 September 1876IMPORTANT TO CAPITALISTS – SALE OF VERYVALUABLE TOWN PROPERTY BY PUBLIC AUCTIONThe undersigned, to close the estate of Nicholls & Hall,will sell by Public Auction, at the New Building, nextHall, Innes & Co, on Wednesday, 6th of September, at Teno’clock, a.m. THE FOLLOWING VALUABLE REALESTATE.


IMPORTANT AUCTION SALEPeterborough Review, 8 September 1876On Wednesday [6 September] MrCharles Stapleton sold by auction thetown property of the late firm ofNicholls and Hall. There was a largeattendance and very satisfactoryprices were realized. The whole of theproperty was not sold, and the salewas adjourned until further notice.The lots still unsold are very valuableproperty. The following are theprincipal lots sold with the pricesgiven for them:Brick store on George Street, occupiedby S. Hyman, bought by Mr A.P.Poussette for $4,550brick store on George Street, occupiedby W.G. Thomson, bought by Mr P.Connal for $6,000brick store on George Street, occupiedby P. Connal, bought by him for$6,350three brick stores on Water Street,called Robinson property, bought byMr Richard Hall for $2,600double brick dwelling house onGeorge Street, near Baptie’s planingmill, bought by Mr Richard Hall for$1,950Dwelling house on Water Street andvacant lot adjoining, bought by MissNicholls for $5,026house and lot on west side of LondonStreet, bought by Mr G.A. Cox for$1,050house and lot adjoining the last,bought by Mr John Walton for $900three houses and corner lot onHarvey and McDonel Streets, boughtby Mr Robert Darling for $1,025twenty-eight feet frontage north ofHunter and West of Water Street,bought by Mr John Walton for $54per foothalf acre vacant lot south of Hunterand west of George Street, bought byMr John Walton for $3,400house with one acre on RubidgeStreet, occupied by Mr Richard Hall,bought by him for $4,900various other lots of less importancewere also sold for sums ranging from$600 down to $180

The gross amount realized was about$45,000.

A New Index forTVA Material

Fraser Dunford

NameIndex is a simple listing ofnames of people found in thematerial at the Trent ValleyArchives, and the location ofeach name. It is, solely, anindex, pointing to where moreinformation can be found. Wewill continue to expand its scopefor we know it will greatly assistin researching the family andhistorical inquiries. Naturally, material that is reasonablyaccessible through indexes andfinding aids will not be in thisindex.

The current emphasis is to indexbooks that do not have their ownindexes, newspapers andphotographs. The Index has20,000 entries and is growingrapidly.

We intend to include MarianneMackenzie’s indexes to thefollowing books, and greatprogress has already been made.

Brunger, Alan G (ed) - HarveyTownshipan Illustrated History

Cole, Jean Murray - The LoonCalls (Chandos Twp)

Duff, Garth, Hazy Days inDummer

Edmison, J Alex (ed) - Throughthe Years in Douro

Illustrated Historical Atlas,Peterborough County 1825-1875

Nelson, D Gayle (ed) - Forest toFarm: Early Days in Otonabee

Poole, Dr TW – A Sketch of theEarly Settlement ofPeterborough County

Suggitt, Gladys M - Roses andThorns (Somerville Twp)

Thomas, WD - Bobcaygeon, TheHub of The Kawarthas

Austin, Leona M - As the CrowFlies (Wooler)

Boyce, Gerald M - HistoricHastings (Hastings County)

Carr, Mrs Ross N (ed) - 0ps,Land of Plenty

Carr, Mrs Ross N (ed) - TheRolling Hills (ManversTownship)

Cole, AOC & Cole, Jean Murray(eds) - Kawartha Heritage

Craig, John - By the Sound ofHer Whistle

Dean, RA - The Friendly Town(Norwood)

Dobbin, FH - Our Old HomeTown

Farmer, Samuel - On theShores of Scugog

Fleming, Rae, EldonConnections: Portraits of ATownship

Haliburton: Village 1864 - 1964 County 1874 - 1974

A History of North MonaghanTownship

Irwin, Ross W - Mariposa: TheBanner Township

Kirkconnell, W., CentennialHistory, County of Victoria

“Nathaway Nan” - Yesteryear AtYoung's Point


Norwood, Then & Now

Pammett, Howard T - Lilies andShamrocks (Emily Twp)

Reeve, Harold - The History ofthe Township of Hope

Reynolds, Nila - In Quest ofYesterday: Haliburton Highlands

This particular initiative alsoincludes the photographs in theOsborne Collection, and theDummer News.

Because this is a new index, youshould ask the staff person tosearch it for you. Plans are tomake it self-serve next summer.

Anson House Book AGreat Success

Trent University’s History 475 Class,Anson House: a refuge and a home(Peterborough, Anson House MillenniumCommittee,2001) Pp x, 164.Illustrations, index. Edited by Elwood H.Jones, assisted by Brendan F.R. Edwards Available from the Trent Valley ArchivesBookroom, Fairview Heritage Centre, foronly $20 [$18 for members].ISBN 0-9688776-0-5

This history of Anson House, aPeterborough Home for The Aged, and itspredecessors, the Peterborough ProtestantHome and the Peterborough ReliefSociety provides a fairly thorough historyof the organization and people throughthe 1930s, coupled with commentarieschanging views on aging, reflections onchanging government policies withrespect to social welfare, health and agingand their impacts, as well as modernopinions on what was enduring about theworld of Anson House and its volunteers. The appendices identify those who havechaired the organization, been volunteerssince 1970, who resided in the Home in1895-1891, 1931-1935, and 1995. Theindex does not include the various lists ofnames, but captures all the names thatappeared in the text. The aggregate

information on the residents, 1886-1956,and on the receipts and expenditures,1882-1932, also appears in theappendixes. The book is copiouslyillustrated.

This is a great tribute to what is possibleby co-operation. The book was a projectfor a history class at Trent University.The Anson House volunteers ensured thatthe historical records were gathered, andarranged for many people to share theirviews on various aspects of the work. TheTrent Valley Archives houses the recordsof Anson House and its predecessors andits facilities were freely open to thestudents. Peter Adams, MP, helped inmany ways and the federal governmentmillennium grant ensured the book wouldbe published. The co-operation wasunusually close, as members of the AnsonHouse committee made several visits tothe history class , actively participated indiscussions, invited students to specialevents, gave guided tours, and assistedactively in the final editing of the book.By all accounts, this excellent book willbe treasured.

Historical Maps ofCanada

Michael Swift, Historical Maps ofCanada (London, PRC Publising[Prospero Books] 2001) Pp 144Available from Chapters, on remainder, at$16.99.ISBN 1 55267 133 X

This is an interesting sampling of 100maps related to the history of Canada thathave been culled from the vast holdingsof the British governments ColonialOffice, War Office and Foreign Office inthe Public Records Office in KewGardens, London. Michael Swift, the penname of an historian with an MA fromOxford, offers minimal commentary.However, there is some valuableinformation to be gleaned from a closereading of the maps, even using the TrentValley region as a focus.

The earliest map showing this area is“North America c. 1695.” Hills and treesare evident, and there are streams from

what is recognizably Georgian Bay.“Canada 1745 / 1752” almost reaches thearea. “Ontario 1785" has poorproportions, but Rice Lake is clearlylabelled and the Kawarthas appears as“Hauteur des terres.” “Canada 1796" wasdrawn on a scale of 20 miles to the inch,and Durham and Northumberland aremarked on it. “Upper Canada 1800"surprisingly shows a New Talbot Roadfrom Yonge Street to Kingston whichtraverses north of Rice Lake. The map“Great Lakes 1800" has Mississauganames on lakes in the Kawarthas:Cheboutequion and Wabuscommough.“Canada 1813" labels the lakes betweenRice and Simcoe as the Shallow Lakes.“Otonibee 1828" is Richard Birdsall’splan for the Town Reservation on theOtonabee township side of the mouth ofthe Otonabee River. It shows several lotslaid out along Rice Lake, and showsCaptain Anderson with a choice 600acres. Point Charles is identified onAnderson’s property. Sturgeon Lake andShebouticon Lake appear on “Canada1844," Arrowsmith’s great map of BritishNorth America . On the map “Canada1848"someone has superimposed canoeroutes from Montreal to Hudson’s Bay.One of the most interesting maps is“Grand Trunk Railway of Canada 1857"with amendments to 1861 highlightingstrategic considerations with respect todefending Canada from the United States,then on the verge of Civil War. WhatSwift labels “Upper and Lower Canada1862" is a map titled “Canada Canals &Lakes” which actually shows railwaysvery nicely. A detail from “Canada 1865" is loaded with place names, all too smallto read. “Canada 1878" shows naturalresources and identifies the northernreaches of Red Cedar, White Oak, Beech,hard Maple, White Cedar and Pine. Thereare several maps on “Canada 1880"which show physical attributes: summerrains, summer droughts, geologicalfeatures, etc. One starts to realize thatBritish officials could have known quitea bit about Canada. And we can learnquite a bit about the context of our historyif we spent a little time with some terrificmaps.


Other Recent Works

Jean Murray Cole, ed. This BlessedWilderness: Archibald McDonald’sLetters from the Columbia, 1822-1844(Vancouver, UBC Press, 2001)

Jean Murray Cole, perhaps best knownfor her local histories, and the HistoricalAtlas of County of Peterborough, has infact carved out quite a reputation as a fur-trade historian. This book blends herinterests. The letters from ArchibaldMcDonald (one of her ancestors) while achief factor in the Columbia region wereintended in part to gather informationabout what was happening in UpperCanada. The letters are filled withfascinating details that will be of interestto our readers.

Obituaries from the PeterboroughExaminer Peterborough Ontario Canadafor the years 1992 to 2000 collected and transcribed by Don,Marianne and Alice Mackenzie(Peterborough, 2001 Group DigitalMedia, 2001) CD Rom publication ISBN 0-9687957-1-4 only $25

This fascinating labour of love runs toover 1400 pages, and every itemrepresents the work of three devotedpeople who saw the need for keepingtrack of the obituaries appearing in thePeterborough Examiner. They give all thenames associated in the original deathnotices and other information to help youknow if you have found the right person.One cannot begin to appreciate theamount of time and energy in producingthis gem.. This item is only available tomembers of the Trent Valley Archives,and the copyright conditions prevent any duplicating or distributing of this item.

Ainslie Manson, House Calls: the truestory of a pioneer doctor (Vancouver,2001) ISBN 0-88899-329-3 Pp 56,illustrated, ages 8 to 12.

This a child’s story that tells about DrJohn Hutchison, of Peterborough. AinslieManson is a great-great-granddaughter ofHutchison, whose life is part of the

mandate of Hutchison House Museum inPeterborough. The book launch was held30 September, and the book is availableat Hutchison House and elsewhere.

In memoriam:James L. Moloney

Keith Dinsdale and Elwood Jones

James L. Moloney, a descendentof an original Peter Robinsonsettler family, passed away onSunday morning, 23 September,aged 84.

He was born 9 September 1917,and grew up on a farm in theheart of Douro. He wasnicknamed “Paul Revere”because he rode horseback toLakefield High School, fromwhich he graduated in 1935, amember of its first Grade XIIIclass. After graduating from thelocal teacher’s college, he taughtin the SS #8 school, Douro,1937-40. He earned certificationwith the AACI and MIMA andbegan a long career in realestate assessment and apprais-ing. He spent thirteen years asCounty Assessor, County ofLennox and Addington, beforereturning to be AssessmentCommissioner, County ofPeterborough. After his retire-ment, he continued to be a con-sultant on real estate appraisals.

Jim Moloney was one of thefounders of the Trent ValleyArchives, and remained a strongboard member until his untimelypassing. He was a strongadvocate for regional archives, particularly as part of a system-atic effort to preserve thearchives of townships andcounties in eastern Ontario. Hewas also a proponent of forminga Peter Robinson Society, oper-ating along the lines of theMayflower Society. The excellent

history of his family will be alasting memorial to his commit-ment to the history of his family,and of Douro. He had a keeninterest in family history, and theTrent Valley Archives remains astrong centre for the study ofgenealogy and family history, aswell as for the advancement oflocal history, and the advocacyof regional archives.

He recently donated some of hispersonal papers to the TrentValley Archives. These areespecially pertinent to his careerin appraisals and assessment,and are rich in survey plans andmaps of east central Ontario, aswell as interesting books relatedto his teaching days.

Jim Moloney was a key facilitatorin the acquisition of the FairviewHeritage Centre, since 1997 thehome of the Trent ValleyArchives and the FairviewCommunity Access Program forcomputers. He, in fact, chose thename Fairview, because he wasso pleased that we had landed ina former school, which had alsofor many years housed the Smithtownship offices. We think hewould have liked his namealways associated with this placewhich identifies with the manythings he has done. The Board ofDirectors plans to findappropriate ways to honour hismemory. One appropriate stepwould be to name the former1899 school wing, the James L.Moloney wing.

Out of respect to Jim Moloney,the Trent Valley Archives and theFairview Heritage Centre wasclosed on 27 September, the dayhis funeral was held at St Anne’sRoman Cathol ic Church,Peterborough.

Alison and Paul Moloney haveadded some very interestinginsights. “As you may know, Dadwas dedicated to the ideal of


family pulling together throughgood and bad. He was proud ofhis ancestors’ drive and tenacityin carving out a new life inDouro. He himself was nostranger to the challenges, andtalked of working in the fields,shoulder to shoulder with hisDad, neither exchanging a worduntil the day was done.

“I believe his interest in thearea’s history gew out of respectfor the people who came beforehim; his extended family, theirfriends and neighbours, and whatthey had achieved.

“He demonstrated that respectby working to build a record forthe benefit of future generations.Many thanks to you and yourcolleagues for helping him in thatcause.”

Jim Moloney will be truly missed,but he built well.

Osborne CollectionFraser Dunford

The Osborne Photographer fondsconsists of 30,000 negatives and15,000 prints, (but not hiswedding photos) 1971 to 1989.Most prints are colour although asubstantial minority are blackand white. The colour negativesare 35 mm, the black and whiteare 4" by 5". The prints aremostly 4" x 5" with somesmaller.

The collection represents awonderful cross-section of theresidents of PeterboroughCounty in that time period. Mostare portraits, including well-known names and ordinarypeople, families, individualportraits of whole graduatingclasses from Civic Hospitalnurses, St Josephs Hospitalnurses, and EPBC, as well as

many Trent grads, and youngpeople entering the military orRCMP. Interesting is a completeset of the passport photos of themembers of a PCVS trip to Chinain 1975. Also interesting is alarge set of business photoscovering the whole range ofPeterborough business. Thenon-portrait photos includegroup pictures of churchfunctions, masonic, sportsteams, and entertainers. Thereare legal pictures, such asbroken jaws and damagedrestaurants.

So far we have archived theportraits from 1971 to 1979 andthey are indexed in ourNameIndex (our new index ofproper names). There is also thephotographer’s index whichprovides some guidance to therest of the collection. We havenot yet started work on the non-portrait part of the collection.

Passing Commentson Recent Events

H e r i t a g e P a v i l l i o nProductions

Ed Schroeter has gathered akeen group of volunteers led byErik Burns, Ray Henderson andKerry Lynn Parsons and otherswho are producing historicaldramas at the Heritage Pavillionbeside the Peterborough Cen-tennial Museum and Archives.These have found audiences withschool groups, but have alsoplayed to other demandingaudiences. Most recently, they competed with the unseasonablywet and cold weather of October;one performance scurried to theMarket Hall Theatre. Happily,productions and workshops aretaken to schools and classroomswhere close attention goes into

issues of how history getstranslated into books and drama.History is sometimes moreinteresting than students think,and there are always questionsabout where one draws linesbetween what is known and unknown, what is important ornot important.

The group did an entertainingproduction based on the Battle ofthe Plains of Abraham, and themost recent outing, “PatriotDreams,” featured the Rebellionof 1837 in this area. Dramaticcharacters such as Dr JohnGilchrist and John Darcus movedvery easily to the stage.

We are happy to give support tosuch worthy activities. Come rainor sleet, the message must getthrough.

Lech Furriers

Lech Furriers have been onGeorge Street in Peterboroughsince 1861, and at the presentlocation since 1865. Some thinkthat the family-owned businesswhich has been together throughfive generations may bedistinctive now that the Molsonsand the Eatons are no longerfamily firms. Kelly McGillis, in thePeterborough Examiner, 8October 2001, did an informativefeature article on the firm led byGary Lech, who introduced hisnephew, Karl Lech. The diary ofthe founder, William Lech, is asuperb historical document thattraced his wanderings acrossEurope to Peterborough. KarlLech shared many interestingstories about the family and thebusiness. Except for therecession of the 1980s and theanti-fur lobbies, the business hasdone well, and fur is certainly infashion, and very important tothe Canadian establishment.


Manager’s Report

Keith Dinsdale

Research Division Report

The queries staff has now had agreat boost by the hiring ofTammy Lake full time{thanks toa government program] .She willbe handling the business end ofthe TVA as well as replying to allthe queries. This will allow theresearchers to spend more timesearching and then we cancatch up on the back log ofcorrespondence..But don’t forgetthat our staff other than Tammyare all volunteers who do it forthe love of the chase.

AGAIN...please notify us of anychange in your e-mail and postaladdresses.

Many Thanks Department1. Theresa McLaughlin and KevinPerdue transcribed all the EmilyTwp. family Births, Marriagesand Deaths from the microfilm ofRoman Catholic diocesan recordsrelating to Lindsay, Downeyvilleand Peterborough. They havealso done over twelve familyhistories ,which we will bereceiving shortly.

2. Stan McBride and MarlowBanks donated the monumentalLogan family history whichMarlow lovingly created manyyears ago.

3. Evelyn O’Neill donated the1867 map of the landowners inEmily Twp.

4. Martha Kidd donated her mapcollection covering from HastingsCty through to Victoria Cty Wenoticed with interest her copy ofthe 1924 directory maps showinglandowners in the three countiesand adjacent areas. It is not thateasy to do family research inthat time period, and we suspectthere may be a market for areprint edition. We welcome

financial donations toward such aproject.

5. Thanks to Milburn Jones forthe Jones family history.

6. The Smith Twp. HistoricalSociety shared the excellentPeterborough Examiner articleabout the work of the TrentValley Archives. It is alwaysgreat to see her i tageorganizations giving support toone another.

7. The National Archives ofCanada and the Archives ofOntario give very promptmicrofilm loan system. This hasbeen of great service to ourmembers, and we are most grateful.

8. Thanks to the MacKenziefamily for donating theircollection of the PeterboroughExaminer obituaries from1991 to2000 which we have put on CDand are for sale. No words canexpress the amount of dedicatedlove and energy that they havedevoted over the years touncovering the stories of peoplein this area, and sharing it withothers. The proceeds of the CDwill go to the work of the TrentValley Archives.

9. Stan McLean donated a copyof the very interesting illustratedfamily history, The FennerFamily: Emily & Charles: 1917:Book of Cousins, apparentlyproduced last year. Stan spoketo our Board of Directors aboutthe newly-created FennerFoundation which he reports islooking for fresh ways tocelebrate the histories of all“Home Children.”

10. The Peterborough UtilitiesCommission and Riverview Parkand Zoo awarded a Certificate ofAppreciation to the FairviewHeritage Centre for providingthem with historical information.This is really a valued recognition

of community service. It isespecially a tribute to the finework and energy of DonCournoyea, one of our greatvolunteers.

11. We thank Evelyn O’Neill forsharing with us the delightful1825 commonplace book It is awork of art, and we will have anassessment report in a futureHeritage Gazette.

Current NewsThe members of the newlyformed Emily/Omemee HistoricalSociety were given a tour of ourfacility recently and were quitepleased at the services we offer.

An intriguing story is unfoldingon the family history of theCarey/ Carew family of this area. Three researchers aretrying to understand why thisfamily has used both names atvarying times over the past 140years. The records have beenthoroughly checked and it hasb e c o m e q u i t e aconundrum.[Even SherlockHolmes would have had troublewith this.]

Our thanks to those who madedonations in memory of JimMoloney. These will be usedtowards the cost of archivalsupplies and organization relatedto the fine collection of realestate appraisal records which herecently donated to the TrentValley Archives.

We like to give thanks to themany volunteers who make thisplace hum. There are so manythings to do and so much toshare and to discover.

If you would like to arrange avisit to our facilities, simply giveus a call: 745-4404.


Trent Valley ArchivesTrent Valley Ancestral Research

Your five counties archives centreArchives * Heritage * GenealogyServing Peterborough, Victoria, Haliburton,Durham and Northumberland and area

Research Room and Book RoomPublic access to internetopen 10-4 daily except Sunday

Owned and operated by volunteers with a love of history and families.

Memberships only $40 a year.

Visitors always welcome

FAIRVIEW HERITAGECENTRE567 Carnegie AvenuePeterborough ON K9L 1N1Turn at the zoo; 1.6 km

(705) [email protected]

One book?

Furrier Gary Lech was asked if he could spendone hour with a book, what would it be?

“I was born and raised here so I would choosePeterborough, the Electric City by Elwood Jonesand Bruce Dyer.”

Peterborough Examiner, 8 October 2001

Heritage Gazette of the Trent Valley

The Trent Valley Archives publishes theHeritage Gazette, successor to theTrent Valley Archives News, as a forumfor celebrating history, family history,ancestral research, genealogy, andarchives in eastern central Ontario. TheTrent Valley runs from the Georgian Bayto the Bay of Quinte, and the historicalNewcastle District runs from Cobourg toHaliburton. It is available only as abenefit of membership ($40 per year),and is published four times a year inMay, August, November and February.

We are interested in news, upcomingevents, stories about the past, presentand future, family histories, great finds,upcoming events, and any efforts tomake sense of the history of the area,or to preserve its archival heritage.Some of the important items ofcontinuing interest will be shared on ourwebsite. www.trentvalleyarchives.com

To contact the editor:Elwood Jones [email protected](705) 743-0231

FAIRVIEW HERITAGECENTRE567 Carnegie AvenuePeterborough ON K9L 1N1


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Trent Valley ArchivesTrent Valley Ancestral ResearchHeritage Gazette of the Trent Valley

Fairview Heritage Centre567 Carnegie AvenuePeterborough ON K9L 1N1

(705) [email protected]

Managers: Keith Dinsdale and Bill Amell

The Fairview Heritage Centre will be open six days a week duringthe summer. Come out and see what is new in ancestralresearch, local archives and the world wide web.

Fairview Heritage CentreThere is always something happening at the Fairview

Heritage Centre, so we hope to see you during the summer.Drop in for sure.

Our traditional anniversary weekend is the first weekend inJune.

We are working hard on developing the descriptions andfinding aids for our many archival and photographiccollections. If you would like to help, just contact a memberof the Board of Directors or drop by.

The Community Access Program is open to all members ofthe community. We expect to develop support for peopleinterested in doing historical and genealogical research on theworld wide web. The developments in this area have beenastounding, and we are proud to be where the action is.

See you soon!

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