issue 14 | 2014 minews...during the 2013/2014 winter, the southwest coast of england experienced an...

ISSUE 14 | 2014

IN THIS ISSUE

MINEWS

European seafloor survey reveals depth of marine litter problem

Plymouth University Researchers awarded Urgency Grant to investigate impact of winter storms

Environmental Impacts of New Nanomaterials


RESEARCH

04


RESEARCH

03European seafloor survey reveals depth of marine litter problem

RESEARCH

05

‘Discovering’ the shelled heteropods

RESEARCH

09

Plymouth University awarded NERC grant to investigate storm damage at Lyme Bay

RESEARCH

10

Bodies of Water

NEWS

07‘Virtual fish’ research aims to reduce the requirement for live animal testing

RESEARCH

06

Early Career Researchers Awayday

NEWS

08

Launch of MARLISCO Exhibition ‘My sea, your sea. Keep it litter free!’

NEWS

12

Announcements

NEWS

14

Splinters

NEWS

13

CONTENTS

2 MI NEWS Issue 14 | 2014

Dr Lorna Dallas ([email protected]), Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre

Researchers in our Ecotoxicology Research & Innovation Centre (ERIC) have started work on a new NERC funded, collaborative project to investigate the potential toxicity of carbon nanoparticles.

Dr Lorna Dallas will be working with Professor Awadhesh Jha to look at how carbon nanomaterials (nanotubes and C60 fullerenes) might produce biological responses in marine organisms. These are amongst the most commercially important groups of nanomaterials with wide range of industrial applications and their use is steadily rising. With increased production there is an increased risk of these nanoparticles entering the marine environment through rivers and estuaries.

A major unknown is how the nanomaterials will interact with ubiquitous organic pollutants in the waterways and seas. There is the potential that the nanomaterials may bind with hidden toxicants allowing them to enter animals’ tissues. Additionally the nanomaterials may enhance levels of potentially damaging molecules, such as free radicals. These issues will be tackled by a team of scientists from multiple institutions across the UK (including King’s College London and the University of Nottingham) and Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.

The group will be applying their expertise in studying a range of biological responses caused by nanomaterials, either alone or in combination with other pollutants. Their work will primarily be looking at effects on the Mediterranean mussel, a model species in ecotoxicology. Dr Dallas will measure generation of free radicals and DNA damage caused by exposure to the nanomaterials, alongside multiple other biomarkers at different levels of biological organisation (i.e. cells, tissues, animals), giving an indicator of the potential ecological importance of such exposure. This will allow managers to evaluate possible ecological impacts and begin to set thresholds for safe levels of nanomaterials in the marine environment.

Dr Dallas is also working on a Marine Institute funded project looking at the combined effects of tritium (one of the most environmentally important radionuclides) with zinc and dissolved organic carbon in marine mussels. Working with members of the Biogeochemistry Research Centre, the team is measuring the accumulation of tritium in mussel tissues, DNA damage and changes in gene expression, as well as fully characterising any chemical interactions during the exposure. This will help to explain the potential impact of complex mixtures, bearing in mind that in the real environment, contaminants occur in many probable combinations.


RESEARCHwww.plymouth.ac.uk/marine

MI NEWS Issue 14 | 2014 3

RESEARCH

Plymouth University researchers from CCOSE and MarCoPol have been awarded a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency Grant to evaluate the impact of sequence of extreme storms during 2013/14 winter on SW England’s physical and human coastal environment.

During the 2013/2014 winter, the southwest coast of England experienced an unprecedented sequence of very energetic wave conditions, including four extremely energetic and named storms. According to the Met Office, the storm Hercules on 6 January 2014 was a 1:5 to 1:10 year wave event alone, whereas the storm Petra on 5 February 2014 was probably the most damaging storm in terms of coastal impact on the south coast of Devon and Cornwall for the last 50 years. Furthermore, analysis of modelled and measured wave data shows that the 8-week sequence of storms from mid- December 2013 to 10 February 2014 represents the most energetic period of waves to have hit the southwest coast of England since 1950, and thus represents at least a 1:60 year event. The collective impact of these Atlantic storms on the southwest coast of England has been enormous and this has been made obvious by the extensive media coverage of these events. Many changes to the coastal landscape are likely to be

permanent and damage to coastal infrastructure will take months and tens of millions of pounds to repair.

The project aims to assess the impacts of this sequence of extreme storms on both the physical and human coastal environment in the southwest of England, and evaluate the vulnerability of this region to such extreme Atlantic storms. The Met Office predicts that such energetic wave conditions will become more frequent in the future due to climate change. The researchers will be the recording of direct storm impacts and the collection of a baseline data set for post-storm recovery; as well as modelling of the wave conditions, and assessment of the vulnerability and resilience of the coastal environment to such extreme wave events.

The study area includes the coastlines of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Counties of Somerset, Devon and Dorset, and extends from Weston-super-Mare in the north to Bournemouth in the southeast, but the emphasis of the study will be on the coastline of Devon and Cornwall.

The research project consists of five areas: (1) coastal monitoring, involving the measurement of the physical changes caused by the extreme storms on approximately 25 sites; (2) bathymetric surveys at

two selected sites on the north and south Cornish coast to determine storm impacts in the subtidal zone and the fate of the eroded beach sediments; (3) capturing the immediate experiences of local communities and responsible agencies using a combination of interviews, media analysis and social network analysis at about 10 sites; (4) wave analysis and modelling to investigate the spatial variability in the storm wave field and compare the 2013/2014 winter period with previous years; and (5) constructing a Atlantic Storm Coastal Impact Map for the southwest coast of England, using GoogleEarth as the platform, that represents an extensive catalogue of the coastal impacts (physical and human) related to the 2013/14 winter storm period, as well as a comprehensive overview of the forcing wave conditions.

This 12-month project will be carried out by researchers of the Coastal Processes Research Group and the Marine and Coastal Policy Research Centre at Plymouth University, with the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme and the Met Office as project partners.

For further information contact: Professor Paul Russell ([email protected]), Centre for Research in Coastal and Ocean Science and Engineering (CCOSE)



European seafloor survey reveals depth of marine litter problemA major new survey of the seafloor has found that even in the deepest ocean depths you can find bottles, plastic bags, fishing nets and other types of human litter.

The litter was found throughout the Mediterranean, and all the way from the continental shelf of Europe to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2,000 kilometres from land. Litter is a problem in the marine environment as it can be mistaken for food and eaten by some animals or can entangle coral and fish – a process known as “ghost fishing”.

The international study involving 15 organisations across Europe was led by the University of the Azores, and is a collaboration between the Mapping the Deep

Project led by Plymouth University and the European Union-funded HERMIONE Project, coordinated by the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. Other UK project partners that contributed to the study are the University of Southampton and the British Geological Survey.

Scientists took nearly 600 samples from across the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and in the Mediterranean Sea, from depths ranging from 35 metres to 4.5 kilometres.

Litter was located at each site surveyed, with plastic accounting for 41% and derelict fishing gear 34%. Glass and metal, wood, paper/cardboard, clothing, pottery, and unidentified materials were also observed.

The report outlines the path that plastics in particular can take, originating from coastal and land sources and being carried along continental shelves and slopes into deep water.

The paper, Marine litter distribution and density in European Seas, from the shelves to deep basins, is published in the journal PLOS ONE.

The findings were first published in the journal Nature in January.

For further information contact: Dr Kerry Howell ([email protected]), Associate Professor (Reader) in Marine Ecology, Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre



The effectiveness of ‘virtual fish’ in establishing the toxicity and concentration of man-made chemicals is to be investigated by biological scientists at Plymouth University in collaboration with multinational pharmaceutical company, AstraZeneca.

The University has previously perfected the technique of coaxing cells from the liver of rainbow trout and then manipulating them to form a three-dimensional spheroid. This ball of cells behaves much more like normal animal tissue than cells grown in traditional ways in the lab and so can give researchers a more accurate picture of how an animal’s body would respond to a chemical in the environment.

Now, using a grant approximately £600,000 - from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) and AstraZeneca – they plan to further develop the technique with cells from the gills and gut of fish in a move which has the potential to reduce the number of live animals required for scientific research.

PhD student Matthew Baron developed the model as part of a collaborative project, led by Professor Awadhesh Jha, with Professors Wendy Purcell and Simon Jackson, at Plymouth University and Dr Stewart Owen at AstraZeneca.

Professor Jha, Professor of Genetic Toxicology & Ecotoxicology in the University’s School of Biological Sciences, said: “Traditionally, fundamental life processes are studied at whole organism level but for ethical and legal reasons, there has been much emphasis on the use of cells, tissues and organs grown outside the body. The use of cell or tissue-based models has been proposed for fish studies, however it is not clear how well these models could predict the responses seen using whole animals. This project will provide a unique understanding of the mechanisms, biochemical characteristics and extent of functionality of fish gill, gut and liver tissues both in life and in culture.”

In 2011, according to the UK Government, almost 59,000 live fish were reported as being used in ecotoxicology studies in the UK. But strict government regulations mean the number of products that will require testing globally could potentially involve millions of live animals in coming years.

The technique developed in Plymouth does not use live animals, and scientists believe just a few fish could generate enough cells for the amount of testing required, with the added bonus that the spheroids last significantly longer than other samples created in the lab, and so can be used for more detailed experiments.

“We have already demonstrated that using fish liver cells maintains basic biochemical functions, can metabolise environmentally relevant contaminants and therefore has the potential to replace whole animal tests,” Professor Jha said. “Since billions of cells from several different organs can be harvested from a single fish, it means that far fewer fish will be used in research, and those that are will not be used directly in experiments.”

The three-year project commenced in March 2014 and research experiments will be conducted at Plymouth University in collaboration with AstraZeneca.

For further information please contact: Professor Awadhesh Jha ([email protected]), Ecotoxicology Research & Innovation Centre (ERIC)

RESEARCH

‘Virtual fish’ research aims to reduce the requirement for live animal testing


Bodies of WaterBy Kayla Parker ([email protected]) Lecturer in Media Arts, Land/Water and the Visual Arts, MADr Centre for Media, Art and Design Research, Faculty of Arts and Humanities

A programme of artists’ moving image curated by Kayla Parker in response to The Power of the Sea exhibition. Presented at the Royal West of England Academy, Bristol, on Saturday 3 May 2014, as a featured event for the Bristol Art Weekender.

These films explore the effective and affective power of the sea, whose rhythms infiltrate our dreams and memories, pacifying our minds, absorbing and smoothing trauma. When landlocked, we may feel the sea’s absence as a loss that leaves us stranded, bereft.

Our ability to re-model the earth through modern technologies and global commerce has caused a climatic crisis that may be irrevocable. As weather becomes more active, the interface between sea and land is changing rapidly - erosion is countered by building a fortress against nature itself. This programme of short films invites reflection on our relationship with the waters that surround the British Isles, and a possible post-human future.

Each artist whose moving image work is included in this collection engages directly with the sea to represent their experience through a range of strategies - the camera as witness, observing

and recording the natural phenomena and human activities occurring before its gaze; using film as an impressionable substance, a poetic medium that remembers the seaside as a place and time set apart from the everyday in which rites of passage are enacted.

The programme includes work by Rachael Allain, Tabatha Andrews, Susan Collins, Anna Louise Day, Laura Hopes, Esther Johnson, Nathaniel Lane, Peter Matthews, Stuart Moore, Kate Ogley, Kayla Parker, Patricia Townsend, and Sally Waterman.

The films are selected by Kayla Parker, an artist film-maker and member of Land/Water and the Visual Arts with Plymouth University, for whom the sea forms an important focus of her practice. Her short films for public and online spaces include Teign Spirit, made in collaboration with Stuart Moore, which interweaves home movies shot just before the outbreak of the Second World War with modern day views, and was commissioned by Animate Projects for Sea Change.

For further information visit Kayla Parker’s website http://www.kaylaparker.co.uk/presentations/presentation/film_programme_bodies-of-water.html

NEWSwww.plymouth.ac.uk/marine


Over twenty postdoctoral researchers and other early career academics met on the 15th of May for the first Marine Institute Postdoctoral Awayday. The awayday was held at the newly refurbished Mast House, with panoramic views overlooking Sutton Harbour.

Professor Jim Griffiths (Dean of Research and Innovation) began the day by explaining the importance of postdoctoral researchers for the University’s research strategy, commenting that “the presence of a vibrant postdoc community is a key part of the University research ethos”. This was followed by a brief introduction to the career development opportunities on offer at Plymouth University by Shahnaz Tasrin Wahid (Research Specialist).

Nicola Cockerill (Senior Information Officer) then guided researchers through the ins and outs of open access publishing at Plymouth University, including the

use of the university’s publication repository PEARL. Open access publishing is a key issue for early career researchers since HEFCE’s announcement that all future research publications must be open access to be eligible for the post-2014 REF. Leading on from this Shahnaz returned to talk about how to use online tools for developing impact, another important issue for early career researchers.

The morning was capped off with a round of ‘speed-networking’, where each person spent two minutes briefly explaining their research to every other person. Researchers spent forty minutes enthusiastically engaging with each other and finding out about common interests. This burst of energy and conversation spilled over into lunch, which was mostly spent enjoying the sun and views on the quayside of Sutton Harbour. The proximity of the China House pub also seemed to keep the conversations flowing.

The afternoon began with a short overview of research funding opportunities and a demonstration of Research Professional. The rest of the day was dedicated to an immediate funding opportunity: a Marine Institute Collaborative Award. Several of these awards are made each year to small research projects between different University research centers, but one was made available especially for this event. Researchers formed groups based on what they had learned about each other over the day and spent the afternoon drafting research proposals to be submitted for the award.

The day proved a great success bringing together early career researchers from six of the leading research centres within the Marine Institute. The researchers were introduced to the wide range of resources available to support their career and made new contacts that will foster innovative research across Plymouth University.

For further information please contact: Dr Nicholas Higgs ([email protected]), Postdoctoral Research Fellow to the Director of the Marine Institute

Early Career Researchers Awayday

NEWS


The shelled heteropods (Pterotracheoidea, Atlantidae) are a family of microscopic (<10 mm) holoplanktonic gastropods with highly specialised eyes, a foot adapted for swimming and lenticular, flattened and keeled aragonitic shells. The long, trunk-like proboscis of the Atlantids has led to the charismatic common name ‘sea elephant’. Recent research into the abundances of Atlantids through Quaternary sediments suggests that they are an important constituent of the ocean zooplankton (Wall-Palmer et al., in press). However, we currently know very little about the Atlantids, even their morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and importance to the ocean food web are not well known. This makes it difficult to understand how the Atlantids will be affected by current and future global changes which are predicted to have a significant negative effect on a similar group of holoplanktonic gastropods, the shelled pteropods (thecosomes). This generates fears that the Atlantids may become extinct before they have even been ‘discovered’.

Answering these key questions are the aims of a three year Leverhulme Trust funded project in the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental

Sciences and Marine Institute which started in May 2014. Plymouth University was awarded a Leverhulme Trust Research Grant of £164,585 entitled: ‘Shelled heteropods: morphology, molecular taxonomy and global distributions’ directed by Dr Christopher Smart (Principal Applicant), Dr Richard Kirby (Co-applicant) and Dr Debbie Wall-Palmer (Research Assistant). Using a multidisciplinary approach, including the use of historical records and museum specimens, molecular techniques, geochemistry and specialist imaging of morphological features, we intend to lay the foundations for future work in this field. This will involve working with a number of specialists and institutions both in Plymouth and internationally and will resolve many long-standing uncertainties about Atlantid ecology, whilst promoting research upon this little known, potentially important group of organisms.

Wall-Palmer, D., Smart, C.W., Hart, M.B., Leng, M.L., Conversi, A., Borghini, M., Manini, E. and Aliani, S., in press. Late Pleistocene pteropods, heteropods and planktonic foraminifera from the Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. Micropaleontology.

‘Discovering’ the shelled heteropodsChristopher Smart, Deborah Wall-Palmer and Richard Kirby School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; Marine Institute



RESEARCH

Plymouth University Marine Institute has been annually monitoring recovery of the Lyme Bay reefs (south west UK) since they were protected from towed demersal fishing in 2008. It was unknown whether the reef assemblages would be impacted by this winter’s storms. Monitoring stations from the annual survey were sampled this April using a flying towed video sledge. The first signs indicate that the reefs have been heavily impacted. The video is not yet analysed, but initial observations were that massive amounts of sand have been dumped on the reefs and that a lot of recovering benthic fauna have been scoured away. Clearly some species were more resilient than others. While pink sea fans were still present, many were fouled and had black bases, but of most concern was that only two of the habitat building Ross corals were observed in approximately 12,000 m of video transects.

Video from the survey will now be analysed to examine two separate research questions. Lyme Bay is home to three different ages of marine protection, and NERC funded this study to test whether ecosystems in older MPAs are more resilient to disturbance than ecosystems in younger MPAs. It is now really important that the recovery of the reefs from this storm disturbance is monitored to examine whether reefs recover quicker from storm events than from anthropogenic disturbance.

The storms also presented an interesting opportunity to examine a claim from fishermen that ‘trawling and dredging is no worse than a big storm’. This latter study was funded by Pig Shed Trust and South West Inshore Fisheries Association. The results from both studies will be available this summer.

For further information please contact: Dr Emma Sheehan ([email protected]), Marine Institute Research Fellow

Plymouth University awarded NERC grant to investigate storm damage at Lyme Bay


NEWS

Before winter storms, images above and left

After winter storms, images to the left and below

www.plymouth.ac.uk/marine


A European-wide Exhibition which aims to raise societal awareness of the problems and potential solutions relating to the accumulation of marine litter will be launched by Plymouth University in the South West from July 12th – 15th September 2014. The Exhibition ‘My sea, your sea. Keep it litter free!’ is an interactive exhibition with the goal of inspiring changes in people’s attitudes and behaviours towards this environmental issue.

Visit the Exhibition at Mount Edgcumbe House and Country Park, The Belvedere (Cornwall) from Saturday 12th July – Wednesday 13th August and Living Coasts Zoo & Aquarium, Torquay (Devon) from Friday 15th August – Monday 15th September (for updates visit www.marlisco.eu/exhibition-uk.de.html). The Exhibition highlights where marine litter is coming from, what effect it has on wildlife, people and the environment, what problems it is causing, and what we can all do to reduce the amount of litter ending up in our seas.

Dr Lauren Carroll, MARLISCO UK Outreach and Engagement Officer, said “There will be plenty to see, including unique and exciting art installations made of marine litter from local and national artists, as well as interactive exhibits.”

The Exhibition is part of the European Union-funded scientific project MARLISCO, being led in the UK by Plymouth University. As part of the exhibition, visitors will be able to take a short survey to assess their perceptions about marine litter and motivate everyone to engage in action.

Other MARLISCO news

As part of the MARLISCO project, Plymouth University also recently ran a video competition for youngsters to ‘Catch Marine Litter on Film’. Children also completed a short survey before and after the filming to assess what they’d learned and whether it changed their attitudes or behaviours. Fourlanesend Community Primary School, near Torpoint, won the competition with their two-minute piece ‘Marine Heroes’ (view here www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehpcmBxwf_w). The team

have been invited to represent the UK in a European film premiere 17-20th May in Bremen, Germany.

Sarah Riggs, School Coordinator, said: “This means so much to the children as it demonstrates that they are making a difference to the world and that their voices are valued. We’re now all really looking forward to a trip to Germany.”

The UK awards ceremony was hosted by the sponsors, National Marine Aquarium, last month with representatives from the university, NMA, MCS and Surfers Against Sewage. In the 12-18s category, Assumption Grammar School from Northern Ireland was awarded 1st place for their film Sea Quest. Schools from Shetland, Berwick, Suffolk and Kendal were named as runners-up in each category.

Dr Bonny Hartley, of Plymouth University’s School of Psychology, explains: “The quality of the films was superb. Children’s understanding of the issue and enthusiasm to create change shone through and will continue to inspire others.”

Professor Richard Thompson, of the School of Marine Science and Engineering at the University, said: “It was great to see so many youngsters getting involved in this competition – there were entries from all corners of the UK. We were particularly impressed to see that these young filmmakers have a firm grasp of the solutions as well as the problems.’

The competition is one of numerous activities funded by the three-year, €4.5 million EU-funded MARLISCO project (Marine Litter in Europe Seas: Social Awareness and Co-Responsibility, www.marlisco.eu/). To find out the latest MARLISCO activities please contact [email protected]).

For more information about the Exhibition or to get involved contact [email protected]

Hartley, B. ([email protected]), Carroll, L., Pahl, S., and Thompson, R.C.

Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre (MBERC) and Centre for Research in Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (CBCB)

Launch of MARLISCO Exhibition ‘My sea, your sea. Keep it litter free!’

NEWS


SplintersBy Dr Gregory Borne ([email protected]), Director of Plymouth Sustainability and Surfing Research Group

In June Andy Abel President of the Surfing Association of Papua New Guinea (PNG) toured with the surf film Splinters. Plymouth Sustainability and Surfing Research Group (PSSRRG) was proud to be co-hosting the tour along with Chris Hines founder of Surfers against Sewage. I caught up with Andy and Chris at the first screening in Porth Towan. The film then moved on to sold out venues in London and Bristol. I was actually luckily enough to see the film and meet Andy for the first time at the Global Surf Cities Conference on the Gold Coast Australia in 2013.

The film itself documents the emerging indigenous surf culture in Papua New Guinea. Following an Australian pilot leaving a surfboard in the village of Vanimo, 20 years later surfing is a central part of the village and a source of significant prestige for the villagers. It also explores Andy’s central role in the lead up to and the establishment of the surfing contest. This story is ongoing and plans are afoot to make a follow up to the film next year. Andy is an inspiring character and has also been responsible for developing what he terms the reverse spiral model of surf tourism in PNG. This model has been so successful in PNG that, as Andy was telling me, it is being considered across Micronesia. Unexpectedly connected to this, Andy has also been working with Nev Hyman founder of Firewire Surfboards (a partner of PSSRG), the largest producer and distributor of surfboards in the world to establish a fist production centre of prefabricated homes made entirely from recycled plastic which is set to create new source of income for PNG. I will be following these developments closely and both Andy and Nev discuss these issues in the forthcoming book Sustainable Stoke: Transitions to Sustainability I the Surfing World which will be available from October.

NEWSwww.plymouth.ac.uk/marine


NEWS

Dr Antony Knights joined the Marine Biology and Ecology Research

Centre in January as a lecturer in marine ecology, having previously held positions at Coastal Carolina University, NUI Galway and the University of Liverpool. His research interests are how invertebrates disperse through marine systems and their success in maintaining and establishing populations. This work uses a combination of field-based experimental approaches and theoretical models to understand factors affecting species’ population persistence.

Antony also has a strong interest in the implementation of marine policy and most recently has worked on projects geared towards implementing the EU’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive i.e. ODEMM (University of Liverpool, EU FP7). This work focuses on ecosystem-based approaches to managing the marine environment including the development of risk-assessment frameworks and decision-trees using novel and existing scientific evidence.

Professor Camille Parmesan has given two keynote talks:

Keynote talk, British Ecological Society Special Interest Group on Climate Change, London UK, April 2014

Keynote Speaker, Butterfly Conservation: Seventh International Symposium,

Southampton University, UK, April 2014

Professor Parmesan has also published an article in Ecology Letters that contributed significantly to two chapters of the 5th IPCC Report Working Group II. The paper contributed substantially to chapter 19, Detection and Attribution, and the section in chapter 18 on attribution in biological systems relies heavily on findings from this paper.

Parmesan, C., C.M. Duarte, E.S. Poloczanska,, A.J. Richardson, D.S. Schoeman, M.C. Singer (2013). Beyond climate change attribution in ecology and conservation research. Ecology Letters, Special Issue “The Ecological Effects of Environmental Change.” 16(S1), 58-71. DOI: 10.1111/ele.12098. published June 2013.

The Marine Institute supported Antony Jinman, Explorer in residence, to produce a short film “Composing Music at -30 in a Whiteout” about Antony’s musical exploits at the South Pole:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUtjPavI8wA

The editor Airidas Budreckis is a Plymouth University student and it was aided by funding from the Marine Institute (who provided an extra solar battery for Antony’s iPad).

On Thursday and Friday September 11th and 12th 2014, the Maritime Foundation and Plymouth University Marine Institute will be holding its third annual conference

‘Britain and the Sea 3 – Enriching Britain’s Maritime Capability’. The conference will be held at Plymouth University.

Over a day and a half the Conference will focus on three critical issues facing Britain’s maritime sector namely, Maritime Security in a Time of Change, The Maritime Manpower Challenge and Marine Environment Matters

The conference will bring together policy makers and practitioners with commercial, education, scientific and military interests. The Conference will also provide the occasion for the launch of The Dartmouth Centre for Maritime Leadership and Strategic Studies.

The Conference is supported by the School of Government of the Faculty of Business, Plymouth University.

Announcements


www.plymouth.ac.uk/marine


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issue 14 | 2014 minews...during the 2013/2014 winter, the southwest coast of england experienced an...

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