issue of the teaching of english tenses and aspects
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7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/issue-of-the-teaching-of-english-tenses-and-aspects 1/12
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
OOAA @@LLLL@@GG X XKK\\@@ IIVVKK@@AA X XOO X XKKIIAA
LLIIVV X XBB@@ X X@@OOGGBBKKAAMM IILL @@AAMMCC KKWWBB X X@@AAWW@@WW OOAAHH OOWWUU@@GG X XWW
Xok CodGocklirako Wtot Pakv rskty# PWO
655;
KAXVIHPGXKIA
]ktb tb` h`v`cipd`at il gidduakgotkv` oppriogb`s ka tb` cot` ?;=5s# tb` ric` il
mroddor kastrugtkia ka c`orakam @amcksb os s`giah ir lir`kma coamuom` "@WC)@LC+ wos
hiwapcoy`h# oah kt wos `v`a summ`st`h tbot t`ogbkam mroddor wos ait iacy uab`cpluc fut dkmbt
ogtuoccy f` a`motkv`! Biw`v`r# r`g`at r`s`orgb bos h`diastrot`h tb` a``h lir lirdoc t`ogbkam lir
c`ora`rs ti ottoka bkmb c`v`cs il oggurogy! Xbks bos c`h ti o r`surr`gtkia il mroddor t`ogbkam# oah
kts ric` ka @WC)@LC c`orakam bos f`gid` tb` ligus il dugb gurr`at kav`stkmotkia! Mroddor ks
jaiwa ti f` o tiic ka coamuom` c`orakam oah sbiuch# biw`v`r# f` gidduakgotkv`cy toumbt! Il occ
osp`gts il @amcksb mroddor# kt ks v`ry a`g`ssory ti t`ogb @WC)@LC stuh`ats biw ti uah`rstoah
tb` t`as`s oah osp`gts il v`rfs oah us` tb`d oggurot`cy# d`oakamluccy oah oppriprkot`cy ka
gidduakgotkia! Xi sid` Oskoa coamuom`s sugb os Gbka`s` oah \k`taod`s`# wbkgb bov` ai sugb
gc`or aitkias os Kahi$@urip`oa coamuom`s hi# t`ogbkam tbks mroddor osp`gt wkcc f` hkllkguct oah
gbocc`amkam! Fos`h ia tb` pov`d`at il prkir stuhk`s# tbks ortkgc` ott`dpts ti `xpcir` tb` donir
hkllkguctk`s ka t`ogbkam @amcksb t`as`$osp`gt syst`d hu` ti tb` a`w giag`pts ti tiaoc$coamuom`
@LC c`ora`rs oah doj`s sid` summ`stkias il tb` dir` `ll`gtkv` irk`atotkia il t`ogbkam torm`t
t`as`s!
VOXKIAOC@
Dist t`ogb`rs il @amcksb ka \k`taod oah Gbkao hurkam tb` cost h`goh` usuoccy sp`at o cit
il tkd` t`ogbkam @LC c`ora`rs @amcksb mroddor wbkgb tb`y boh ti try ti kahkgot` tb` hkll`r`ag`s
f`tw``a tb` siurg` oah tb` torm`t coamuom`s ka irh`r ti p`rsuoh` tb`d ti ogg`pt tb` ruc`s! Xb`
t`ogbkam il @amcksb t`as`s bos ocwoys f``a o mr`ot prifc`d wktb c`ora`rs f`gous` tb`kr ditb`r
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
tiamu`s or` t`as`c`ss coamuom`s tbot f`ciam ti Kahi$Gbka`s` ckamukstkg syst`d oah gucturoc
fogjmriuah!
@amcksb t`as`s bov` f``a dist giv`r`h ka tb` trohktkiaoc t`sts ka sgbiics! Xb`y bov` ocsi
ocwoys f``a tb` dist f`wkch`rkam ti "Oskoa+ sgbiic stuh`ats! \orkius typ`s il t`stkam
trohktkiaoccy h`skma`h si lor or` sugb os> Bovkam stuh`ats suppcy tb` girr`gt t`as`s il tb` mkv`a
v`rfs: kh`atkly tb` t`as` usom` `rrirs: gboamkam tb` s`at`ag`s lrid ia` sp`gklkg t`as` ti oaitb`r:
kh`atkly tb` hkll`r`ag`s f`tw``a tb` dkakdoc t`as`$pokrs "skdpc` pr`s`at v`rsus pr`s`at
primr`sskv`+ `tg! Lir progtkg`# stuh`ats or` usuoccy osj`h ti hi o cit il hrkccs ka gianumotkam tb`
v`rfs ka o g`rtoka il t`as`s r`qukr`h# ir tb` pr`porotkia ti jaiw biw ti us` @amcksb t`as`s
prip`rcy! Ka t`ogbkam# tb` t`ogb`rs oppcy o cit il t`gbakqu`s ti `xpcoka tb` strugtur`s os w`cc os
tb` usom`s il tb` t`as`s# wbkgb hi ait opp`or ir `xkst ka tb`kr ditb`r coamuom`s!
M`a`roccy sp`ojkam# dist il tb` X@WIC t`ogb`rs s``d ti kdpis`# ir pr`gks`cy ti soy# ti
lirg` stuh`ats ti ogg`pt tb` ruc`s oah tb` giag`pts r`cugtoatcy! Frk`lcy sp`ojkam# tb`y usuoccy
`xpcoka tb` us`s il t`as`s fy pr`s`atkam tbot @amcksb t`as`$osp`gt syst`d bos twi `c`d`ats il
d`oakam> Xb` –tkd`—# kahkgotkam wb`a tb` `v`at toj`s pcog`s# pr`s`at# post ir lutur`9 Oah tb`
itb`r ks tb` –osp`gt—# sbiwkam biw tb` `v`at ks vk`w`h# p`rl`gtkv` ir kdp`rl`gtkv`9 Ofiut tb`
giag`pt# tb` t`ogb`rs qukt` ilt`a ligus tbot tb` t`as`s il tb` v`rf or` tb` r`cotkia f`tw``a tb`
lirds il tb` v`rf oah tb` tkd` il tb` ogtkia wbkgb kt h`sgrkf`s! Xbot ks# t`as`s bov` dugb o cka`or
s`as` il tkd` oah tb`y or` foskgoccy hkstkamuksb`h ka oggirhoag` wktb gbriaicimkgoc c`v`c!
UVIFC@D WXOX@D@AX
Oskoa coamuom`s or` ait Kahi$@urip`oa! Ka tb` coamuom`# v`rfs bov` ai t`as`$osp`gt
syst`d! Xb` skdkcor aitkias or` kahkgot`h fy oa ouxkckory portkgc` d`oakam tbot tb` ogtkia
`xpr`ss`h ks ka primr`ss# p`rl`gtkia ir luturkty! Xb` `xpr`sskias il tkd` giag`pt ka tb` @amcksb
coamuom` r`lc`gt tbot tb` stuh`ats hi ait bov` dugb il o cka`or s`as` il tkd`! Wid`tkd`s# `v`a
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
tb` t`ogb`rs tb`ds`cv`s or` ot tb` ciss lir oa oasw`r il sid` qu`stkias osj`h fy tb` stuh`ats
ofiut tb` t`as`s# ir l``c gialus`h oah p`rpc`x`h wb`a `xpcokakam pr`t`rkt`# ir pr`s`at p`rl`gt
osp`gt … sugb il tbis` or` ilt`a f`wkch`rkam tipkgs ti stuh`ats! Xb`y or` puzzckam tbot tb` kh`o
il sid`tbkam – ogtuoccy tojkam pcog`— ir – mikam ia— goa f` `xpr`ss`h wktb o v`rf ka tb` pr`s`at
t`as`# `v`a tb` post t`as`# os w`cc os tb` primr`sskv` osp`gt ka r`cotkia ti tkd`! Lir `xodpc`# Uost
`v`at ks h`sgrkf`h ka tb` pr`s`at t`as`# os si$gocc`h –bkstirkgoc pr`s`at—: Lutur` kat`atkv` ogtkia ks
`xpr`ss`h ka primr`sskv` osp`gt! Xb` licciwkam twi s`at`ag`s s``d `quoccy vockh > – K d`t bkd o
giupc` il tkd`s tbks dirakam!— , – K bov` d`t bkd…tbks dirakam —! Ka m`a`roc# tbis` prifc`ds
or` hu` ti tb` hkll`r`at gucturoc# giag`rpturoc oah ckamukstkg fogjmriuahs f`tw``a tb` siurg` oah
torm`t coamuom`s! Xb` pr`s`at t`as` ka dist coamuom`s r`l`rs ti ogtkias tbot or` tojkam pcog` ka tb`
pr`s`at! Fut ka @amcksb# tbks ks ait r`occy tru`! Xb` pr`s`at t`as` ks us`h ti r`l`r ti ogtkias tbot or`
bofktuoc# r`p`ot`h# ir ocwoys tru`! "`!m!# Xb` `ortb ritot`s tb` sua: Dy lotb`r hi`s dirakam
`x`rgks` `v`ry dirakam +! Ka @amcksb tb` pr`s`at primr`sskv` ks us`h ti `xpr`ss ogtkias tbot or`
tojkam pcog` ka tb` pr`s`at "`!m!# B`‛s wirjkam ot tb` logtiry: B`‛s pr`porkam ti toj` GOBW@@
`xodkaotkia+! Wugb prifc`dotkg giag`pts bov` gous`h hkllkguctk`s ka t`ogbkam @WC)@LC stuh`ats!
@LL@GXK\@ IVK@AXOXKIA
Oa `ll`gtkv` irk`atotkia lir tb` t`ogbkam il @amcksb t`as`s lkrst katrihug`h ka \k`taod ka
tb` cot` ?;;5s bos sid`biw b`cp`h t`ogb`rs il X@LC "t`ogbkam @amcksb os o lir`kma coamuom`+
friorh`a tb` sgip` il gurr`at progtkg` ka t`ogbkam strot`my trokakam! Oggirhkam ti tbks irk`atotkia#
psygbicimkgoccy# tkd` ks `ss`atkoccy aia$cka`or! Xb` trohktkiaoc @amcksb mroddor ia t`as`s doy
f` r`giaskh`r`h ia o psygbicimkgoc c`v`c! F`gous` pr`s`at# post oah lutur` sid`tkd`s kdpkam` ia
oaitb`r! Xb` s`as` il t`as`$osp`gt syst`d ks –s`as` il r`cotkvksd—! Oskoa "Gbka`s`+ giag`pt il
tkd` ks tbiumbt ti f` s`v`roc hurotkias ka hkll`r`at c`v`cs lir kagidpc`t` f`kams divkam tiworh
p`rlirdoag`! Wi t`as`s goa f` ip`rotkam dokacy ia tb` c`v`c il diih kast`oh il tkd` kl c`ora`rs
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
uah`rstoah tb` s`as` il tkd` ia psygbicimkgoc$spkrktuoc c`v`c! –Xkd`— b`r` ka tb` coamuom` giuch
f` j`pt oport lrid tb` gcigj!
Xb` mroddorkoas‛ `llirt ka irh`r ti `xpcoka owoy tb` luagtkia il t`as`s fy tb` siurg` il
b`cp "r`giurs`+ ti tkd` iacy c`ohs ti doay uaa`g`ssory , gialuskam ruc`s! –Xkd` oah t`as` dust
ait f` gialus`h—# – t`as`s or` ait giag`ra`h prkdorkcy wktb tkd` —# fut –wktb tb` woy ka wbkgb
w` ciij upia oa ogtkvkty ir stot` — " Birafy ?;25#U!?6<+! Xb` pisskfc` summ`stkias ti kat`askly
tb` piw`r il progtkg` ka tb` t`ogbkam @WC ks ti toj` dir` giaskh`rotkia il tb` c`ora`rs‛ gucturoc
fogjmriuah!
Oskoa stuh`ats sbiuch f`a`lkt lrid tojkam @amcksb t`as`s os –@xpr`sskias il Diihs—
"Gbk# ?;==+ os tb` licciwkam gbort mi`s>
XKD@ DIIHW OWU@GXW DIIHW
UV@W@AX Katuktkv`$hkr`gt U@VL@GX Ollkrdotkv`
UOWX V`gicc`gtkv` UVIMV@WWK\@"kdp`rl`gtkv`+
Ott`atkv`LPXPV@ Gian`gturoc
Gurrkguco hrowa ia sugb skdpc`r h`sgrkptkia pridks` ti frkam f`tt`r r`sucts wktb Oskoa
@WC)@LC stuh`ats! Urogtkg` doj`s p`rl`gt iacy wb`a tb` progtkg` ks irk`at`h ka o prip`r oah
progtkgoc woy# itb`rwks` kt doy f` o wostkam tbot stuh`ats wiuch sp`ah dir` tkd` ti lirm`t tb`
wriam coamuom` bofkt tboa sp`ahkam tkd` ti c`ora kt!
@GC@GXKG OUUVIOGB KA X@OGBKAM @AMCKWB X@AW@W LIV OWKOA WXPH@AXW!
Lrid tb` a`w irk`atokia lir tb` t`ogbkam il @amcksb t`as`s# tb` X@WIC t`ogb`rs goa
f`a`lkt lrid kt fy oppcykam sid` il vk`wpikats f`ciw ka t`ogbkam Oskoa stuh`ats! X`as`s or`
giag`ra`h ia tb` p`rl`gtkv`a`ss il tb` ogtkia rotb`r tboa sbiwkam hkll`r`at cigotkias il oa `v`at
ir ogtkia ka tkd`! Xbks goa f` kccustrot`h os licciw>
OWU@GXW H@MV@@W IL U@VL@GXK\@A@WW
Wkdpc` 5 % " uagiag`ra`h wktb p`rl`gtkv`a`ss +
Urimr`sskv` 05 % " kdp`rl`gtkv`# ka primr`ss +
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
U`rl`gt ?55 % " p`rl`gtkv`# ollkrdotkv` +
U`rl`gt Urimr`sskv` ?05 % " p`rl`gtkv` , giastoat +
Xb` c`ora`rs goa f` qukt` g`rtoka ofiut tb` post oah tb` pr`s`at# fut goaait f` si g`rtoka
ofiut tb` lutur`! Osp`gt ks dir` kdpirtoat tboa tkd` wb`a hksgusskam tb` lutur`! Kt ks oa
`xtr`a`cy kdpirtoat hkd`askia ka b`cpkam c`ora`rs doaom` tb` @amcksb t`as`$osp`gt syst`d! Kl
c`ora`rs or` ofc` ti h`v`cip o –l``c— lir tb` h`mr`` il p`rl`gtkv`a`ss giav`y`h fy tb` osp`gts#
tb`y wkcc bov` o tr`d`ahius ohvoatom`s ka c`orakam ti gip` wktb tb` fiuahory prifc`ds
d`atkia`h ofiv`! Bkrtc` "?;<=+# ka bks ortkgc` `xpcokas tbot skdpc` osp`gt r`l`rs ti `v`ats tbot or`
giag`ptuockz`h os gidpc`t` wbic`s! Xb` `v`ats or` ait pr`s`at`h os occiwkam lir lurtb`r
h`v`cipd`at! Xbot giuch f` kat`rpr`t`h tbot tb` ogtkia ka tb` skdpc` osp`gt hi`s ait kavicv` ka
tb` h`mr`` il p`rl`gtkv`a`ss! Kt hi`s ir hkh bopp`a os o r`oc wbic` `v`at! Lir kastoag`# – Dox ckv`s
ka A`w [irj—# – U`t`r hrkv`s ti wirj `v`ry hoy—# ir – Niba d`t bks doaom`r y`st`rhoy— `tg# tb`
ogtkias –ckv`— # –hrkv`— ir –d``t— hi `xkst oah bopp`a wktbiut d`atkiakam tb` tkd` "Xb` h`loutt
tkd` ks pr`s`at+ ir hkh bopp`a ot tb` `xogt tkd` ka tb` post wktbiut kavicvkam tb`kr p`rl`gtkv`a`ss
il bopp`akam!
Ka giatrost ti skdpc` osp`gts# primr`sskv` osp`gts goa f` kat`rpr`t`h os bocl woy il
p`rl`gtkv`a`ss# wb`r` –tb` `v`at ir stot` ks vk`w`h os sid` pirtkia il o wbic` oah wb`r` tb`r` ks
riid lir lurtb`r h`v`cipd`at ir gboam`— oah – occiwkam lir tb` pisskfkckty il gboam`—
"Bkrtc`#?;<=+! Lir kastoag`# – Dox ks ckvkam ka A`w [irj aiw—ks sid` pirtkia il o wbic` oah
Dox‛s ckvkam dkmbt f` t`dpirory!
Xb`r` or` s`v`roc hkll`r`at woys ti `xpr`ss lutur` tkd` ka @amcksb! Xb` gbikg` il wbkgb
lird h`p`ahs ia biw tb` sp`oj`r s``s tb` `v`at oah –ait —ia kts g`rtokaty ir a`ora`ss ti tb`
pr`s`at ! Xb`r`lir`# ti tbks irk`atotkiaoc oppriogb# lutur` goa f` sufgot`mirkz`h kati > kdd`hkot`
lutur` "spiatoa`ius kat`atkia+# lutur` kat`atkia "pcoaa`h kat`atkia+# lutur` orroam`d`at oah
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
g`rtoka luturu` ! C`t‛s toj` Gbka`s` oah \k`taod`s` coamuom`s os `xodpc` lir tb` giaskh`rotkia
oah gidporksias ti kahkgot` tb` s`as` il t`as`s!
UOWX# UV@W@AX U@VL@GX W@AW@
W`at`ag`s ka tb` skdpc` post oah pr`s`at p`rl`gt osp`gt s`as` or` `xpr`ss`h fy ohhkam o
portkgoc f`lir` pr`hkgotkv` > c` "co+# muö…c`# yǕ nkam lir Gbka`s` "二#啬#遁#巶綗+ ir – "ğ ç+ r ỗk#
quo— lir \k`taod`s`!
Lir `xodpc`s>
GA> Xo zþitkoa "yǕ nkam + fãam c`! " 奻昢夫痀二! +
\A> Gø Ạ y bød quo " ğ ç+ fọab r ỗk! "Wb` l`cc kcc y`st`rhoy! +
GA> ] ǖ pëamyiu "yǕ nkam + qû "muö + ^biammu÷ c`! " 戟朊及巶綗厺遁两圊二! +
\A> Fắa tøk ğ ç ğ k "quo+ Xruam _uở g "r ỗk+!
"Dy lrk`ah bos f``a)wos ti Gbkao ocr`ohy!+
LPXPV@ W@AW@ "wktb c`v`cs il prifofkckty+
W`at`ag`s wktb tb` s`as` il luturkty or` `xpr`ss`h fy uskam sid` portkgocs pr`g`hkam
pr`hkgotkv` oggirhkam ti tb` kdpckgotkia il prifofkckty c`v`cs os sbiwa ka tb` licciwkam>
$ Ucoaakam lutur` > " GA> h ć sbuåam# yûsbuåam + "扗箝#預箝+ "\A> hỿ täab# hỿ ğỊab+
$ V`dit` kat`atkia> " GA> xkćamyåi# yåi + "惷規#規+ "\A> duởa+
$ Kdd`hkot` kat`atkia> "GA> nkoamyåi#juåkyåi#juåk + "對規#忪規#忪+ "\A> sẩ p! mậa+
$ G`rtoka lutur`> " bûk + "朇+ "\A> sẴ+
$ Mr`otcy prifofc` lutur`> "yähãam+ "丅实+ "\A> abẠt ğỊab sẴ+
Lir `xodpc`s>
GA> Xo däamakïa h ć sbuåam qû D`kmþi! "仜昁幸扗箝厺羁圊 +
\A> A ćd t Ớ k oab Ạ y ğỊab ğ k D ỻ ! "K `xp`gt ti mi ti PW a`xt y`or! +
GA>Xo "xkćam+yåi dćk yã nkoa lïamzk! "仜惷規貽丅閗戹孕 +
\A> Oab Ạ y duở a duo abå! " B`‛s pcoaakam ti fuy o bius`!+
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
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OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
GIAGCPWKIA
Dist il Oskoa coamuom`s or` t`as`c`ss oah r`cy ia promdotkg oah c`xkgoc h`vkg`s ti
kahkgot` t`dpiroc cigotkias os sbiwa ka ofiv` `xodpc`s! Gcossriid kastrugtkia doy lirg` oa
`orcy stort il t`as` us`: tb` Gbka`s` oah \k`taod`s` woy il `xpr`sskam t`dpirockty doy
–r`kalirg` tb` c`ora`rs- kaktkoc t`ah`agk`s il r`cykam ia promdotkg oah c`xkgoc h`vkg`s ti kahkgot`
t`dpiroc cigotkias—: oah tb` `orcy stort il t`as` us` r`sucts ka oa `xt`ah`h p`rkih hurkam wbkgb
tb` c`ora`rs- `xpr`sskia il t`dpirockty `xbkfkts o v`ry sciw sbklt lrid h`p`ahkam dir` ia
promdotkg oah c`xkgoc h`vkg`s ti h`p`ahkam dir` ia mroddotkgoc h`vkg`s! Kt ks wkh`cy jaiwa
tbot t`ogbkam d`tbih ks fos`h ia oa oppriogb oah giastktu`s o h`skma lir oa kastrugtkiaoc syst`d!
Kt kahkgot`s wbot tb` ifn`gtkv`s or`: wbkgb coamuom` giat`at ks s`c`gt`h oah biw kt irmoakz`h:
wbkgb typ`s il c`orakam tosjs oah t`ogbkam ogtkvktk`s or` us`h! Kt ocsi skmakly tb` ric`s il tb`
c`ora`rs# t`ogb`rs oah kastrugtkiaoc dot`rkocs us`h! Biw`v`r# ohiptkam sid` jkah il `c`gttkgksd
rotb`r tboa ia sp`gklkg d`tbih ks o dir` `ll`gtkv` oppriogb lir tb` kat`a`h purpis`!
V@L@V@AG@W
Occwrkmbt# H! , Fokc`y# J! D! "?;;<+! Ligus ia tb` coamuom` gcossriid> Oa katrihugtkia ti
gcossriid r`s`orgb lir coamuom` X`ogb`rs! Godfrkhm`> Godfrkhm` Pakv`rskty Ur`ss!
Fymot`# D!# Xiajya# O! oah ]kcckods# @! "?;;8+ Mroddor oah tb` Coamuom` X`ogb`r # Ur`atkg`
Bocc!
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/issue-of-the-teaching-of-english-tenses-and-aspects 8/12
Xok 2 ) ?6
OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
Goahcka# G! A! , D`rg`r# A! "655?+! @amcksb Coamuom` X`ogbkam ka kts sigkoc giat`xt ! A`w[irj>
Viutc`hm`!
G`cg`$Durgko# D!# , Cors`a$Lr``doa# H! "?;;;+! –Xb` Mroddor Fiij!– B`kac` , B`kac`
Uufcksb`rs!
Hovks# M! F! "?;;7+! Xiics lir t`ogbkam! Woa Lroagksgi> Niss`y$Foss
Hovk`s# U!# , @rkg#! "6555+! Wugg`ss ka @amcksb t`ogbkam ! Ixlirh> Ixlirh Pakv`rskty Ur`ss!
@ccks# V! "?;2=+! Pah`rstoahkam s`giah coamuom` ogquksktkia! Ixlirh> Ixlirh Pakv`rskty Ur`ss!
@ccks# V! oah B`hm`# X! "?;;7+! W`giah coamuom` ogquksktkia r`s`orgb> biw hi`s kt b`cp t`ogb`rs !
Ixlirh> Ixlirh Pakv`rskty Ur`ss!
Bord`r# N! "?;;2+! Xb` progtkg` il @amcksb coamuom` t`ogbkam ! A`w [irj> Ciamdoa!
B`hm`# X! "6555+! X`ogbkam oah c`orakam ka tb` coamuom` gcossriid! Ixlirh> Ixlirh Pakv`rskty
Ur`ss!
Auaoa# H! "?;;2+! Coamuom` t`ogbkam d`tbihicimy> O t`xtfiij lir t`ogb`r ! Ciahia> Ur`atkg`
Bocc!
Auaoa# H! "?;;;+! W`giah coamuom` t`ogbkam , c`orakam ! Dossogbus`tts> B`kac` , B`kac`
Uufcksb`rs!
Vkgborhs# N!G! oah Vihm`rs# X!W! "?;;6+ Oppriogb`s oah D`tbihs ka Coamuom` X`ogbkam "`kmbtb
`hktkia+Godfrkhm` Pakv`rskty Ur`ss! Vkgborhs# N!G! oah
Vihm`rs# X!W! "?;;6+ Oppriogb`s oah D`tbihs ka Coamuom` X`ogbkam "`kmbtb `hktkia+
Godfrkhm` Pakv`rskty Ur`ss!
Vutb`rlirh# ]! @! "?;2=+ W`giah Coamuom` Mroddor> X`ogbkam oah c`orakam! Borciw> U`orsia
@hugotkia!
Wgrkv`r`r# N! "6550+ C`orakam X`ogbkam> O mukh` fiij lir @amcksb coamuom` t`ogb`rs "W`giah
`hktkia+# Ixlirh> Dogdkccoa!
Wt`ra# B! B! "?;27+ Luahod`atoc giag`pts il coamuom` X`ogbkam! Ixlirh> Ixlirh Pakv`rskty
Ur`ss!
X`c`doas# M! oah D! [owka$Kcckossiu "?;;5+ X@LC> X D`tbihicimy Boahfiij ! Akm`r Aotkiaoc
Pakv`rskty# Wgbiic il @hugotkia!
Pakv`rsktk`s il \k`taod "?;;; ‗ pr`s`at+ Gicc`m` @atroag` X`sts
Pr# U! "?;;<+ O Giurs` ka Coamuom` X`ogbkam # Godfrkhm` Pakv`rskty Ur`ss!
[oam# W!# Buoam# [![uoa# "6558+ –Xb` Kdpogt il tb` Ofs`ag` il Mroddotkgoc X`as` ka C? ia tb`
Ogquksktkia il tb` X`as`$Osp`gt—# ]oct`r h` Mruyt`r!
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/issue-of-the-teaching-of-english-tenses-and-aspects 9/12
Xok ; ) ?6
OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
OUU@AHKR ? @amcksb X`as`s ‗ Mropbkg Gidporksia
Urifc`ds wktb tb` @amcksb t`as`s9 Bov` o ciij ot tb` tkd` cka`# kt dkmbt b`cp yiu uah`rstoah wb`a ti us` wbkgb
t`as`! Os tb`r` ks o skdkcorkty f`tw``a post# pr`s`at oah lutur` t`as`s# tb`r` or` nust o l`w ruc`s ti j``p ka dkah! Kl yiu jaiw biw ti us` tb` pr`s`at primr`sskv` girr`gtcy ti `xpr`ss pr`s`at ogtkias# yiu wkcc os w`cc f` ofc` ti us` tb`
post primr`sskv` girr`gtcy ti `xpr`ss post ogtkias!
C m ah
did`at ka tkd`
• ogtkia tbot toj`s pcog` iag`# a`v`r ir s`v`roc tkd`s
• ogtkias tbot bopp`a ia` olt`r oaitb`r
• ogtkias tbot suhh`acy toj` pcog`
p rkih il tkd`
• ogtkia tbot stort`h f`lir` o g`rtoka did`at oah costs f`yiah
tbot did`at
• ogtkias tojkam pcog` ot tb` sod` tkd`
V`suct
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` f`lir` o g`rtoka did`at ka tkd`
• puts `dpbosks ia tb` r`suct
Giurs ) Hurotkia
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` f`lir` o g`rtoka did`at ka tkd`
• puts `dpbosks ia tb` giurs` ir hurotkia il tb` ogtkia
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/issue-of-the-teaching-of-english-tenses-and-aspects 10/12
Xok ?5 ) ?6
OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
OUU@HKR 6 XOFC@ IL @AMCKWB X@AW@W
X as sOllkrdotkv )A`motkv )
_u`stkiaPs s Wkmaoc ]irhs
Wkdpc Ur s at O> B` sp`ojs! A> B` hi`s ait sp`oj!
_> Hi`s b` sp`oj9
• ogtkia ka tb` pr`s`at tojkam pcog` iag`# a`v`r ir s`v`roc
tkd`s• logts
• ogtkias tojkam pcog` ia` olt`r
oaitb`r
• ogtkia s`t fy o tkd`tofc` ir
sgb`huc`
ocwoys# `v`ry …#a`v`r# airdoccy# ilt`a#s`chid# sid`tkd`s#
usuoccy
kl s`at`ag`s typ` K "Kl Ktocj# …+
Ur s atUrimr sskv
O> B` ks sp`ojkam!
A> B` ks ait sp`ojkam!
_> Ks b` sp`ojkam9
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` ka tb`did`at il sp`ojkam
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` iacy lir o
ckdkt`h p`rkih il tkd`
• ogtkia orroam`h lir tb` lutur`
ot tb` did`at# nust#
nust aiw# Ckst`a/#
Ciij/# aiw# rkmbt aiw
Wkdpc Uost O> B` spij`!
A> B` hkh ait sp`oj!_> Hkh b` sp`oj9
• ogtkia ka tb` post tojkam pcog` iag`# a`v`r ir s`v`roc
tkd`s
• ogtkias tojkam pcog` ia` olt`r
oaitb`r
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` ka tb`
dkhhc` il oaitb`r ogtkia
y`st`rhoy# 6 dkaut`s
omi# ka ?;;5# tb` itb`r
hoy# cost Lrkhoykl s`at`ag` typ` KK "Kl K
tocj`h# …+
Uost Urimr sskv
O> B` wos sp`ojkam! A> B` wos ait sp`ojkam!
_> ]os b` sp`ojkam9
• ogtkia mikam ia ot o g`rtoka
tkd` ka tb` post
• ogtkias tojkam pcog` ot tb`sod` tkd`
• ogtkia ka tb` post tbot ks
kat`rrupt`h fy oaitb`r ogtkia
wb`a# wbkc`# os ciam
os
Ur s at U rl gtWkdpc
O> B` bos spij`a! A> B` bos ait spij`a!_> Bos b` spij`a9
• puttkam `dpbosks ia tb`
r`suct
• ogtkia tbot ks stkcc mikam ia
• ogtkia tbot stipp`h r`g`atcy
• lkaksb`h ogtkia tbot bos oakalcu`ag` ia tb` pr`s`at
• ogtkia tbot bos toj`a pcog`
iag`# a`v`r ir s`v`roc tkd`s
f`lir` tb` did`at il
sp`ojkam
ocr`ohy# `v`r# nust#a`v`r# ait y`t# si lor#tkcc aiw# up ti aiw
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/issue-of-the-teaching-of-english-tenses-and-aspects 11/12
Xok ?? ) ?6
OO A A @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIV V KK@@ A AXXOOXXKKII A A LLIIV V XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKK A AMM IILL @@ A AMMCCKKWWBB XX@@ A AWW@@WW OO A AHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
Ur s at U rl gtUrimr sskv
O> B` bos f``a sp`ojkam! A> B` bos ait f``a
sp`ojkam!
_> Bos b` f``a sp`ojkam
• puttkam `dpbosks ia tb`
giurs` ir hurotkia "ait tb`r`suct+
• ogtkia tbot r`g`atcy stipp`h
ir ks stkcc mikam ia• lkaksb`h ogtkia tbot
kalcu`ag`h tb` pr`s`at
occ hoy# lir 8 y`ors#skag` ?;;7# biw
ciam9# tb` wbic` w``j
Uost U rl gtWkdpc
O> B` boh spij`a!
A> B` boh ait spij`a!
_> Boh b` spij`a9
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` f`lir` og`rtoka tkd` ka tb` post
• sid`tkd`s kat`rgboam`ofc`
wktb post p`rl`gt primr`sskv`
• puttkam `dpbosks iacy ia tb`
logt "ait tb` hurotkia+
ocr`ohy# nust# a`v`r#ait y`t# iag`# uatkc tbot
hoy
kl s`at`ag` typ` KKK "Kl K boh tocj`h# …+
Uost U rl gtUrimr sskv
O> B` boh f``a sp`ojkam!
A> B` boh ait f``asp`ojkam!
_> Boh b` f``a sp`ojkam
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` f`lir` og`rtoka tkd` ka tb` post
• sid`tkd`s kat`rgboam`ofc`
wktb post p`rl`gt skdpc`
• puttkam `dpbosks ia tb`hurotkia ir giurs` il oa
ogtkia
lir# skag`# tb` wbic`hoy# occ hoy
Lutur` K Wkdpc O> B` wkcc sp`oj! A> B` wkcc ait sp`oj!
_> ]kcc b` sp`oj9
• ogtkia ka tb` lutur` tbotgoaait f` kalcu`ag`h
• spiatoa`ius h`gkskia• ossudptkia wktb r`morh ti tb`
lutur`
ka o y`or# a`xt …#
tidirriw
Kl$Wotz Xyp K "Kl yiu
osj b`r# sb` wkcc b`cpyiu!+
ossudptkia> K tbkaj# prifofcy# w`
dkmbt …# p`rbops
Lutur` K Wkdpc
"mikam ti+
O> B` ks mikam ti sp`oj!
A> B` ks ait mikam ti
sp`oj!_> Ks b` mikam ti sp`oj9
• h`gkskia doh` lir tb` lutur`
• giagcuskia wktb r`morh ti tb`
lutur`ka ia` y`or# a`xt
w``j# tidirriw
Lutur KUrimr sskv
O> B` wkcc f` sp`ojkam!
A> B` wkcc ait f`sp`ojkam!_> ]kcc b` f` sp`ojkam9
• ogtkia tbot ks mikam ia ot o
g`rtoka tkd` ka tb` lutur`• ogtkia tbot ks sur` ti bopp`a
ka tb` a`or lutur`
ka ia` y`or# a`xtw``j# tidirriw
Lutur` KKWkdpc
O> B` wkcc bov` spij`a!
A> B` wkcc ait bov`
spij`a!
_> ]kcc b` bov` spij`a9
• ogtkia tbot wkcc f` lkaksb`h ot
o g`rtoka tkd` ka tb` lutur` fy Diahoy# ka o w``j
7/23/2019 Issue of the Teaching of English Tenses and Aspects
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/issue-of-the-teaching-of-english-tenses-and-aspects 12/12
Xok ?6 ) ?6
OOAA @@LLLL@@GGXXKK\\@@ IIVVKK@@AAXXOOXXKKIIAA LLIIVV XXBB@@ XX@@OOGGBBKKAAMM IILL @@AAMMCCKKWWBB XX@@AAWW@@WW OOAAHH OOWWUU@@GGXXWW
Lutur` KKUrimr sskv
O> B` wkcc bov` f``a
sp`ojkam! A> B` wkcc ait bov` f``a
sp`ojkam!
_> ]kcc b` bov` f``asp`ojkam9
• ogtkia tojkam pcog` f`lir` o
g`rtoka tkd` ka tb` lutur`
• puttkam `dpbosks ia tb`
giurs` il oa ogtkia
lir …# tb` cost giupc`
il biurs# occ hoy ciam
Giahktkiaoc KWkdpc
O> B` wiuch sp`oj! A> B` wiuch ait sp`oj!
_> ]iuch b` sp`oj9
• ogtkia tbot dkmbt toj` pcog` kl s`at`ag`s typ` KK"Kl K w`r` yiu# K wiuch
mi bid`!+
Giahktkiaoc KUrimr sskv
O> B` wiuch f` sp`ojkam A> B` wiuch ait f`
sp`ojkam!
_> ]iuch b` f` sp`ojkam
• ogtkia tbot dkmbt toj` pcog`
• puttkam `dpbosks ia tb`
giurs` ) hurotkia il tb`
ogtkia
Giahktkiaoc K K
Wkdpc
O> B` wiuch bov` spij` A> B` wiuch ait bov`
spij`a!_> ]iuch b` bov`
spij`a9
• ogtkia tbot dkmbt bov` toj`a
pcog` ka tb` post
kl s`at`ag`s typ` KKK
"Kl K boh s``a tbot# Kwiuch bov` b`cp`h!+
Giahktkiaoc K KUrimr sskv
O> B` wiuch bov` f``a
sp`ojkam!
A> B` wiuch ait bov` f``a sp`ojkam!
_> ]iuch b` bov` f``a
sp`ojkam9
• ogtkia tbot dkmbt bov` toj`a
pcog` ka tb` post
• puts `dpbosks ia tb` giurs` )
hurotkia il tb` ogtkia
"Wiurg` > @amcksb Mroddor Iacka` Lir [iu > bttp>))www!`mi8u!gid)`a)grod$up)mroddor +