issue205 update1 issue203.qxd - documentation … exmkra qñam2017 mcÄmnÐlÉksarkm

EckCUneday\tKitéfødl;mnÞIrRsuknigXuMTUTaMgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa elx205 Exmkra qñaM2017

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EsVgrk

karBitTsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

eKhTMB½r CamYynwgkarGb;rMyuvCnBIRbvtþisa®sþ

GtIteBTüTahanpþl;skçIkmμGMBIkarvayRbharTahanExμrRkhm

esμrelxenH ³ TYn sirIrtna/ xan; m:arI/ eRBÓn bBaØarI/ mas suxCa/ pl sMNag/ Kit RsIeBA/ lIGUnI KIeCsÁI/ esov supun/ Ehm

suvNÑariTi§ GñkniBn§nigRsavRCav ³ Tav sar³muninÞ GñkbkERb ³ Ém sIla nig Qwm Gmr½tñ niBn§naykTUeTA ³ qaMg yu CMnYykarniBn§nayk ³

esam b‘unfn RkahVikkuMBüÚT½r ³ esam b‘unfn RKb;RKgkarEckpSay ³ eqg ev:g nig sn l½kç Email: [email protected],

Homepage: www.d.dccam.org, www.cambodiatribunal.org, www.cambodiasri.org, www.truthcambodia.com

elx205 Exmkra qñaM2017

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mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayeday

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RbkaseTsrdæm®nþInigrdæm®nþIRksYgB½t’man

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cuHéf¶TI2ExsIhaqñaM1999

rUbftÉksar³mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

nigsarmnIÞr]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_TYlEsøg

TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

matika

u eKhTMB½r CamYynwgkarGb;rMyuvCnBIRbvtþisa®sþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1

EpñkÉksar

u kMNt;ehturbs; y:am ):aLat; GtItTahan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

u bMpusclnaeronsURtlkçnþik³bkS[Cab;edIm,I >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6

EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav

u PaBynþÉksar {kMusμanbgePøc} nwgbBa©aMg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>19

u ´minmankarP½yxøaceT eTaHbICars;enAGtIttMbn;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25

u suxcitþerobkaredIm,IrkSaCIvitkUn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

u GVIEdl´R)afñacg;)an KW sniþPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>27

u dMeNIrCIvitqøgkat;rbbExμrRkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29

u kar)at;bg;éRBeQIenAEtCakar)armÖ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>33

u sYs vNÑa ehA eyOn GtItkgT½BeCIgTwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35

u )at;dMNwg«Bukmþay nigb¥Ún² sUnüQwg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>38

u køayCaGñkeTasedaysarEtkarsgS½y >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>42

Epñkc,ab;

u GtIteBTüTahanpþl;skçIkmμGMBIkarvayRbhar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>46

evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³

u éf¶EdlcgcaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>54

TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar

u ekrdMENlepHpg;sl;BIrbbExμrRkhm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>55

u {sl;mYyRKab;} >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>59

RbCaCncUlrYmsþab;karRbkassaldIkasßaBrrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHtulakar

kMBUlTak;TgsMNMuerOg002vKÁ1 EdlmanCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca nig exov

sMpn edaymankarerobcMpSaybnþpÞal;edayRkúmkargarrbs;mCÄmNÐl

Éksarkm<úCa enAvtþfaLabriv:at; extþsÞwgERtg knøgeTA.


1mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt

éf¶TI7 Exmkra qñaM2017enH CaxYbelIkTI38 énéf¶

C½yCmñHelIrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü ¬rbbExμrRkhm¦

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCanwgdak;[dMeNIrkareKhTMB½rfμIrbs;

xøÜnEdlmanGasydæan www.khmerrougehistory.org [

saFarNCneRbIR)as; nigEsVgrkB½t’mannanaEdlTak;Tgnwg

rbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü.

kardak;[dMeNIrkareKhTMB½rfμIcMéf¶7 Exmkra enH

edIm,ICakarbgðajGMBIkarmincuHcaj; b¤mincuHj:mdac;xat

cMeBaHmuxrbbvalBiXat. CamYyKñaenH karbegáIteKhTMB½r

www.khmerrougehistory.org edIm,ICaRbPBÉksarsRmab;

saFarNCnCati nigGnþrCatiGaceFVIkarsikSaEsVgyl;GMBI

Rbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü edayeyIg)andak;Éksar

TaMgGs;enAelIeKhTMB½renHEdlmanlkçN³gayRsÜlkñúgkar

EsVgrk niggayyl;sRmab;saFarNCnkñúgkarGan CaBiess

sRmab;sisS nisSitExμrRbmaN70PaKry EdlekIteRkay

rbbExμrRkhm. saFarNCnnwgeRbIR)as;eKhTMB½renHtam

ry³TUrsBÞéd (smartphone) edaymanP¢ab;CamYynwgkmμviFI

Application tamTUrsBÞeTotpg.

eKhTMB½r www.khmerrougehistory.org eFVIeLIgCa

BIrPasa KW Exμr nigGg;eKøs ehIyEckecjCabIEpñksMxan;³

u EpñkTI1 ³ karsegçbRBwtþikarN_sMxan;²cab;taMgBIéf¶

kekItdMbUgénrbbExμrRkhmrhUtdl;dMeNIrkaréntulakar

kat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm

u EpñkTI2 ³ Bnül;BaküEdlmaneRbIR)as;kñúgrbbExμr

Rkhm nig

u EpñkTI3 ³ erobrab;GMBICIvRbvtþirbs;kmμaPi)alExμr

Rkhm RBmTaMgGñkrs;ran nig)at;bg;CIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhm.

eKhTMB½rfμIenH )anRbmUlpþúMnUvÉksarRKb;RbePT man

bTsmÖasn_CasMeLg vIDIGU rUbPaBd¾kRm ExSPaBynþRbvtþi

sa®sþ esovePA nigsMeNAÉksarepSg² srubCag1lan

Éksar nwgdak;[saFarNCnsikSaEsVgyl;.

eKhTMB½r www.khmerrougehistory.org RtÚv)an

cMNayeBlerobcMGs;ry³eBlCit3qñaM edayKeRmagsþI

GMBIkarsikSaGMBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCarbs;mCÄ

mNÐlÉksarkm<úCa eRkamCMnYy]btßmÖBITIPñak;garGPiDÆGnþr

Catirbs;Gaemrik (USAID) nigGgÁkarGPivDÆRbB½n§pSBV

pSayGaløWm:g; DW Akademie.


eKhTMB½r CamYynwgkarGb;rMyuvv½yBIRbvtþisa®sþ

km<úCaRbCaFibetyü

EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksarelx205 Exmkra qñaM2017

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa2

y:am )a:Lat; KWCaeQμaHGñkeTasrbs;GgÁkarmñak;

manGayu26qñaM CnCatiBñg manRsukkMeNItenAPUmirM)ag

XuMNaM)a:k; RsukGNþÚgeBC extþrtnKirI. «Bukmþayrbs;

)a:Lat; RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;xøÜnenAqñaM1970 nig)an)at;xøÜn

rhUttaMgBIeBlcab;xøÜnmk. cMENk )a:Lat; pÞal;vij k¾RtÚv

GgÁkarcab;xøÜnenAcugqñaM1977Edr edayecaTRbkan;fa)an

eFVIskmμPaBRbqaMgnwgGgÁkarbdivtþn_. enAeBlcab;xø Ün

)a:Lat; )anehIy dMbUgykeTAXuMenAmnÞIrsnþisuxBay½BüGs;

ry³eBlCagBIrEx bnÞab;mkk¾)anbBa¢ÚnmkmnÞIrXuMXaMgs-21

Etmþg. Éksarrbs; )a:Lat; mancMnYn14TMB½r sresreday

éd minEmnCaÉksarRbePTcemøIysarPaBeT EtCakMNt;

ehturbs;GñksYrcemøIyeQμaH vuF ¬BYkTI3¦ nigeQμaH G‘Yn

¬enARkúmekþA¦. ÉksarkMNt;ehtuenH RtÚv)aneFVIcb;enAéf¶

TI3 ExmIna qñaM1978. xageRkam KWCakardkRsg;TaMgRsug

BIÉksarkMNt;ehturbs; )a:Lat; °

Rbvtþi nigskmμPaBcab;BIqñaM1970 rhUtdl;éf¶

GgÁkarcab;xøÜn

enAkñúgqñaM1970«Bukrbs;y:am )a:Lat; eQμaHy:am

)aneFVICaKij[emXuMeQμaH Etm enAXuMNaM)a:k; RsukGNþÚg

eBC extþrtnKirI edayemXuM Etm [R)ak;kñúgmYyEx300

kMNt;ehturbs;eQμaH y:am )a:Lat;GtItTahanrbs;s½kþi5

dkRsg;ecjBIÉksarelx D41274

ERKsRmab;[GñkeTasedkenAkñúgbnÞb;XMuXaMgénmnÞIrsnþisuxs-21 ehIyedIm,IkarBarGñkeTasEdlmanbMNglYcrt;eKcxøÜn qμaMKuk)andak;exñaHeCIgGñk

eTasP¢ab;eTAERKEfmeTot. ¬rUbft³ sarmnÞIrRbl½yBUCsasn_TYlEsøg¦



EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar

erol. bnÞab;BIeFVIKij)anbIExmk y:am EdlCa«Bukrbs;

)a:Lat; )anGb;rMkUnRbúsrbs;xøÜn ¬)a:Lat;¦ [eFVIKijedIm,I

esuIbykkarN_BIExμrRkhm. eRkaymky:am )annaM )a:Lat;

EdlCakUn[eTAsÁal;emXuM Etm edIm,IebIkR)ak;Ex. enAkñúg

eBlenaHEdr Etm )anR)ab;[ )a:Lat; Tak;TgExSry³rbs;

xøÜncMnYnbInak; maneQμaH ca Nas;/ Rtag nig yWn GñkTaMgbI

CaRbCaCnenAPUmirM)agedIm,IeFVIskmμPaBCamYyKña. eRkay

mkRbEhlCamYyEx y:am )an[ )a:Lat; Tak;TgP¢ab;ExS

CamYyeQμaH ki/ ca m:ay/ ta hwg/ xun nig v:a edIm,IeFVI

skmμPaBedIresuIbRbCaCnNaEdls¥b; Etm ehIymkray

karN_[xøÜn.

eRkayBITTYl)ankarENnaMBI«Buk )a:Lat; )aneTA

Tak;TgGñkTaMgR)aMEdlmaneQμaHdUcxagelI edIreFVIskmμPaB

eXasnabMpusRbCaCn[s¥b;ExμrRkhm ehIyeXasnamin

[RbCaCnrt;cUlkñúgéRBedayelIkeLIgfa cUléRBmankar

lM)ak evTna nigGt;Xøan. knøHExeRkaymk GgÁkar)an

CemøósRbCaCnkñúgXuMNaM)a:k; [cUleTAenAkñúgéRBEk,rPñM

EdleBlenaH y:am/ )a:Lat; nigbkçBYkk¾eTACamYyEdr man

cm¶ayBIPUmirM)ag10KILÚEm:Rt. ry³eBlEdleTAenAkñúg

éRB )a:Lat; )anTak;TgCamYy«Buk nigbkçBYkrbs;xøÜn eFVI

clnabMpusRbCaCnBIkarGt;XøanlM)ak nigbMpus[RbCaCn

rt;mkxagxμaMgvijCabnþbnÞab;. enAéRB)andb;éf¶ y:am )an

lYcecjmkTak;TgCamYyemXuM Etm ehIyGñkTaMgBIr)annaM

TahancMnYn100nak; sMedAekorRbCaCnBIkñúgéRBTaMgGs;

[mkenAEk,rbnÞayb:useBayvij. R)aMéf¶eRkaymk eBl

Gs;Ggár )a:Lat; nig«Bukmþay)anecjeTAykRsÚvenAPUmi

rM)ag EdlCaPUmicas;rbs;xøÜn nigCaPUmikMBugmankarRbTaj

RbTg;Kña cab;taMgBIRbCaCnecjeTAenAkñúgéRB. eBlenaH )a:

Lat; nig«BukmþayRtÚv)ankgQøbbdivtþn_cab;xøÜn)anbBa¢Ún

mkeRkay. eBledIr)anBak;kNþalpøÚv )a:Lat; )anrt;eKc

ykrYcxøÜnmñak;ÉgmkPUmib:useBayvij nig)anraykarN_[

emXuM Etm BIerOgExμrRkhmcab;«Bukmþayrbs;xøÜn.

enAkñúgqñaM1970 dEdl )a:Lat; )aneTAsuIQñÜl[

eBTümñak;eQμaH cWy enAbEkv. enATIenaH )a:Lat; )anCYbExS

cas;rbs;xøÜnBIrnak;mksuIQñÜleKEdr. bnÞab;mk ca m:ay

)anehAExSrbs;xøÜncMnYn7nak; mkRbCuMenApÞHrbs;eQμaH lVWn

maneQμaH ca m:ay/ v:a/ )a:Lat;/ lVWn/ ka júc/ kMERB nig vit.

karRbCuMenH KWmaneKalbMNgcg;[ExSry³TaMgGs;)ansÁal;

Kña nigTak;TgKñaeFVIskmμPaBCabnþeTot. eRkayeBlRbCuM

ehIy )a:Lat; nigbkçBYk)anedIreXasna bMpusRbCaCn[

s¥b;ExμrRkhm min[RbCaCncUléRB edayelIkehtuplBI

karlM)akevTna. eRkABIenH )a:Lat; nigbkçBYk )antamdan

ExμrRkhmenAtamPUmiRbCaCnbEkv nigksagkmøaMgfμI)anbI

nak;maneQμaH Fuk LÚj/ faMgyag nig v:an;.

qñaM1971 s½kþi4 eQμaH TUc enAbnÞaybEkv )an

cab; )a:Lat; [eFVICaTahan nig)anbBa¢ÚnmkbnÞaytaMgeKak

EdlsßitenAeRkambBa¢arbs;s½kþi3eQμaH eGak nigs½kþi4

TUc. s½kþi3 eGak )ancat;taMg )a:Lat; [eFVIKij ehIymk

bgáb;xø ÜnkñúgCYrRbCaCnenAéb:lin edIm,ItamdanskmμPaB

rbs;ExμrRkhm nigGñkEdllYcpþl;CaRsÚv-Ggár[eTAxag

éRB. eBlmkdl;éb:lin )a:Lat; )anCYn ca m:ay EdlCa

ExScas; )anmkeFVICakmμkrCIkt,ÚgenAéb:linenHEdr.cab;BI

eBlenaHmk )a:Lat;/ v:a nig ca m:ay)anTak;TgKñaCaExSry³

rhUtmk ehIyenAcugqñaM1971 )a:Lat; )anksagkmøaMg

)anbInak;.

qñaM1972 )a:Lat;/ ca m:ay nig v:a )annaMKñaeTA

raykarN_[s½kþi3 eGak enAbnÞaytaMgeKakGMBIkmøaMgEdl

Rkúmrbs;xøÜnksag)an nig)anraykarN_BImUldæanrbs;

bdivtþn_EdlBYkxøÜnkþab;)antamry³RbCaCnEdlecjcUl.

bnÞab;mk s½kþi3 eGak )ancat;[ )a:Lat; cUlbgáb;xøÜnkñúgCYr

bdivtþn_ nig)anENnaM[Tak;TgExScas;mñak;eQμaH KU ¬Ca

elxaRsukéb:linenAqñaM1972¦ EdlkMBugbgáb;xøÜnenAkñúgCYr

bdivtþn_ ehIys½kþi3 eGak k¾)anENnaM )a:Lat; [tamdan

eyaFabdivtþn_ tamdanmUldæanesdækic© nig[ksagkmøaMg

EfmeTot ehIy[raykarN_mkxøÜnvij tamry³ExScas;

rbs;xøÜnenAéb:lin. enABak;kNþalqñaM1972 )a:Lat; )an

cUlbgáb;xøÜnkñúgCYrbdivtþn_ RsbeBlenaHEdr GgÁkar)an

CemøósRbCaCn[eTAenAPUmitaEGm ehIy )a:Lat; nigbgmñak;

k¾)ancUlmkenAkñúgtMbn;rMedaH. bnÞab;mk )a:Lat; k¾RtÚv)an

GgÁkareRCIserIs[cUlmkenAmnÞIrRsukéb:lin. ry³eBlR)aM

éf¶eRkaymk KU EdlCaelxaRsuk)an[yuvCnTaMgdb;nak;

EdleTIb)aneRCIserIseFVIRbvtþirUb. eBlenaH )a:Lat; )an

R)ab; KU fa xøÜnFøab;eFVITahanR)aMbYnEx edays½kþi3 eGak cab;

bgçM[eFVI. eBlenaH KU )andk; )a:Lat; Tuk ehIycat;[eFVICa

nIrsarRsukéb:lin ÉyuvCncMnYn9nak;eTot KU [dak;[eTACa

eyaFaTaMgGs;. bnÞab;mk KU )an ehA )a:Lat; mkCYbs¶at;²

EtBIrnak; ehIy)ansYrbBa¢ak;cM² sgát;BIerOgeFVITahanfa

)anTak;TgCamYynrNaxøH? ehIyecjBITahanmaneKal

bMNgy:agem:cxøH? ehIymuncUléRBmankarTak;TgCamYy

ExScas;enAéb:lineT? eBlenaH )a:Lat; k¾)aneqøIytam

Rtg;R)ab;eTA KU vijfa xøÜnCaExScat;taMgrbs;s½kþi3 eGak

enAbnÞaytaMgeKak ehIy)anTTYlkarcat;taMg[mkbgáb;xøÜn

kñúgCYrbdivtþn_ nigmanExSry³Tak;TgbInak;enAéb:linenH

maneQμaH vil/ huit nig vit nig[mkTak;TgCamYyeQμaH KU

EdlCaExScas;rbs;rbs;xøÜn ¬s½kþibI eGak¦ EtrkeQμaH KU

minTan;eXIjeT ¬eBlenaH )a:Lat; minTan;sÁal; KU enAeLIy

eT¦. eRkayeBlsþab;esckþIraykarN_rbs; )a:Lat; nwg

dwgfaCaExScat;taMgrbs;s½kþi3 eGak ehIy KU k¾)anGb;rM

)a:Lat; [eFVIskmμPaBRbqaMgbdivtþn_bnþeTot eday)an

ENnaM[sÁal;ExSry³rbs;xøÜnBIrnak;eTot maneQμaH GYm nig

esOn nigbnþeFVIskmμPaBbMpusRbCaCn[rt;ecjBItMbn;

rMedaHcUltMbn;xμaMg nigtamdanrkkEnøgsMxan;²rbs;bdivtþn_.

enAcugqñaM1972 KU )ancat; )a:Lat;/ GYm nig esOn

[eTATak;TgExSry³cas;rbs;xøÜnbInak;eTot maneQμaH rH/

vin nig hUv edIm,IrYmKñaeFVIskmμPaBenAkñúgmnÞIrRsukéb:lin

KWedIrbMpusRbCaCn[rt;BItMbn;rMedaHcUlkñúgtMbn;xμaMg nigtam

danrkemIlmnÞIrsMxan;²rbs;bdivtþn_. tmkeTot KU )anENnaM

)a:Lat;/ GYm nig esOn [sÁal;ExScas;bYnnak;eTot man

eQμaH h‘a GnuelxaRsukéb:linqñaM1972/ eBA smaCik

KN³Rsukéb:linqñaM1972/ edr kmμaPi)alGb;rMRbCaCnenA

tMbn;RbTajRbTg;qñaM1972 nigeQμaH sug kmμaPi)alGb;rM

RbCaCnenAtMbn;RbTajRbTg;qñaM1972 gayRsÜlTak;Tg

KñaeBleFVIskmμPaB ehIyebImanskmμPaBGVI RtÚvraykarN_

[eQμaHTaMgbYnxagelI.

edImqñaM1973 KU )andk )a:Lat; [Qb;eFVICa

nIrsar ehIy[mkeFVIeyaFaenARsukéb:lin EtenArkSakar

Tak;TgExSry³cas;dEdl. ry³eBlmkenAeyaFaRsuk

)a:Lat; min)anksagkmøaMgbEnßmeT. enAedImqñaM1974

GgÁkark¾)andk )a:Lat; [mkenAeyaFatMbn;3. enATIenaH

)anmYyéf¶ eQμaH edr ¬GñkTTYlxusRtÚvkEnøgCIkt,Úg¦ k¾

)anmkyk )a:Lat; [eTACIkt,ÚgenAbLag tMbn;1 bnÞab;mk

KU )anR)ab; )a:Lat; [eTATak;TgeQμaH Xut EdlCaExScas;

rbs;xøÜn. enABak;kNþalqñaM1974 GgÁkar)andk )a:Lat;/

GYm nig esOn [mkenAxagdwkCBa¢ÚnPaKBay½BütMbn;3.

eBlenaH )a:Lat; )anCYbExScas;mñak;eQμaH sug mannaTI

kþab;xagdwkCBa¢ÚnPaK. luHdl;cugqñaM1974 sug )anR)ab;

)a:Lat;/ GYm nig esOn [eTATak;TgCamYyExSrbs;xøÜnBIr

nak;eQμaH Lab; nig Kwm eFVIskmμPaBykLandak;TTwgpøÚv nig

dak;RKab;EbkedIm,Ikat;pøÚvdwkCBa¢Ún.

Exemsa qñaM1975 GgÁkar)andk )a:Lat; nigRkúm

[mkenAvresnatUcelx27 kgBlTI1 enAeBlenaH )a:

Lat; mannaTICaGnuRkúm. enAGgÁPaBvresnatUcelx27enH

)a:Lat; )anmkTak;TgeQμaH Epn RbFankgtUckñúgqñaM1975

nigeQμaH tug CaemBYkenAvresnatUcelx27 kñúgqñaM

1975 tamkarENnaMrbs; sug edIm,IeFVIskmμPaBenAkñúg

kg. bnÞab;BI)ansÁal;KñaehIy sug )ancat;[GñkTaMgbI

¬)a:Lat; Epn nig tug¦ [eFVIskmμPaB KW 1¦ enAeBlCYbxμaMg

min[)aj;xμaMg/ 2¦[ykExSlYseTAcgkat;TTwgpøÚv nigTI3¦

4 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

elx205 Exmkra qñaM2017 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar

caMKb;GñkdMeNIrtampøÚv. enAExkkáda )a:Lat; RtÚv)anGgÁkar

pøas;[eTAenAvresnatUcelx33 edaymannaTICaGnuRkúm.

eBlenaH Epn nig tug k¾)anR)ab;[ )a:Lat; eFVIkarTak;TgExS

ry³BIrnak;epSgeToteQμaH erOm emBYkvresnatUc33 nig

muik emRkúmvresnatUc33. cMENk sug enAeBlenaHk¾RtÚv

)anGgÁkardk;BIdwkCBa¢Ún[mkkþab;xagsnþisuxPaKBay½Bü

ehtuenH )a:Lat; )anenACab;CamYysug rhUtmk.

Exmifuna qñaM1976 GgÁkar)andk )a:Lat; [eTAeFVI

ERsenAPUmikMBIg XuMGUrR)asaT RsukmgÁlbUrI ¬kñúgÉksar

sresrXMuGUrR)asaT RsukGgÁlbUrI¦ tMbn;3 EtsßitenAkñúg

GgÁPaBvresnatUc33dEdl ehIy)anTTYlnaTICaGnuesna

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eyIgedaHRsayTMnas;min)aneT.

]TahrN_³ eKasÁm eyIgmints‘UBRgwgBRgIkeKal

CMhr stiGarmμN_smUhPaB eKalCMhrEfrkSarbs;shkrN_

eyIgGacEbrmkvayrbbsmUhPaBvij famkBIrbbsmUh

PaB)anCaeKasÁm. dUecñH vayrbbÉg. karBit eKasÁm

minmkBIrbbsmUhPaBeT. eKasÁmenAkñúgshkrN_Na KWmk

BIbdivtþn_sgÁmniymminTan;cUleRCAenAkñúgshkrN_enaH.

sμartIsmUhPaB BuHBarRbyuT§ lHbg; karBarrbb

smUhPaB k¾CaÉksarm:akS-eLnIn sm,ÚrNas;enAkñúg

shkrN_. Éksarm:akS-eLnIn bc©úb,nñeRcInCageKenAkñúg

shkrN_. ÉksarbreTsCabnÞab;eT.

2>elakTsSn³ nigCIvTsSn³rbs;bkS KWelak

TsSn³ nigCIvTsSn³GFn.

enAkñúgGgÁPaBmYy² smmitþNamankmμsiT§itic min

sμúKsμajeT ehIydwknaM)anl¥ RKb;RKgGgÁPaB)anl¥.

kmμaPi)alNa bkçCnNa manelakTsSn³Cab;kmμ

siT§iÉkCn smmitþenaHmankarsμúKsμajeRcIn dwknaMmin)an

l¥eT.

dUecñH RtÚvksagbkSeyIg ksagbuKÁleyIg tam

elakTsSn³GFn. ykBiesaFBIclnapÞal;xøÜn BIclnarYm

mkksag.

3>bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa RbqaMgdac;xatnwgKMnitniym

BiesaFniym Km<Irniym nigesIerIniym.

KMnitniymk¾minrIkceRmIn. BiesaFniym KWGPirkS.

Km<Irniym KWykEtBaküFM²rbs;m:akS mkniyay minBinitü

Cak;Esþg. esIerIniym KWmints‘UvNÑ³.

]TahrN_³ kñúgs®gÁambdivtþn_5qñaM eyIgeFVIrNsirS

rYbrYmCatikm<úCa nigraCrdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatikm<úCa CarUbPaB

cat;taMg KWskþiPUmi. EtbkSeyIgeFVIrNsirSCayuT§viFI Et

xøwmsarCak;Esþg eyIgts‘UvNÑ³enAkñúgrNsirS BRgwgBRgIk

sm<½n§PaBkmμkr-ksikr Kas;rMelIgvNÑ³CiHCan;. Rtg;enH

eyIgminesIerIeT. ebIesIerI eyIgminerobcMsm<½n§PaBkmμkr-

ksikr mints‘UvNÑ³eT Tuk[vNÑ³CiHCan; vaBRgwgBRgIkkmøaMg

va. enHKWesIerI. ehIyeyIgminKm<Irniym. eyIgbBa©b;rN

sirSrYbrYmCatikm<úCaedayRsÜlcMeBlevla. eyIgedaH

RsaybBaðaenHtamlT§im:akS-eLnInRtwmRtÚv.

etIeyIgeqVgb¤eT? eyIgmin {eqVg} eyIgminsþaM.

eyIgeFVIRtwmRtÚv. ebIQñHPøam eyIgbBa©b;rNsirSPøam eyIg

eqVg. EteyIgbBa©b;enH KWRtwmRtÚv mineqVg minsþaM. ebIeyIgTuk

yUr BnüareBl KWsþaM BIeRBaHebITukyUr naM[eyIgminm©as;kar.

]TahrN_mYyeTot³ eKfa eyIgedIrBIrbICMhan.




etIeyIg {eqVg} b¤{sþaM}. eyIgBinitüeLIgvij eyIgeXIjfa

eyIgedIrelOnEmn EttammaK’aRtwmRtÚv. eyIgQrelIkar

ts‘UvNÑ³ eyIgminQrelIbec©keTseT. eyIgminrt;tamsmÖar

dUcnayTuneT dUcRbeTsxøHeToteT. eyIgminBwgEp¥kelIbec©k

eTscRkBtþi dUcRbeTsxøHÉeToteT.

5¦bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa Rbkan;x¢ab; nigdac;xatnUv

TsSnmhaCn nigmaK’amhaCn

1>TsSn³mhaCn³ TsSn³mhaCn KWkaryl;GMBI

mhaCnmankmøaMg manGnuPaBxøaMgkøa. eyIgRtÚveCOCak;y:ag

enH. eyIgRtÚveCOCak;elImhaCn mhaCnkñúgbkS mhaCn

eRkAbkSmhaCnkñúgGgÁPaBmYy.mhaCnkñúgkgT½B mhaCn

kñúgkmμkr-ksikr.

Et edIm,IeCOCak; CakalM)ak. CYnNa man]bsKÁGI

)ak;T½B. )ak;T½B mkBImineCOelImhaCn elIsmUhPaB.

mkBImñak;²KitedayELk. ebIeCO RbCuMKñaCasmUhPaB. ebI

eCOelImhaCnG‘Icwg edaHRsayG‘Icwg edaHRsay)an.

]TahrN_³ eBleyIgeFVIs®gÁam eyIgCYbkarlM)ak

eRcInNas; EteyIgeCOelImhaCn eyIgedaHRsay)an.

edaHRsayes,óg edaHRsaysemøókbMBak; edaHRsayRKab;

rMesv.

eRkayeBlrMedaH eyIglM)akeRcInEdrlM)akes,óg

EteyIgeCOelImhaCn BwgBak;elIkmøaMgmhaCn eyIgedaH

Rsay)an.

ry³kal\LÚvenH FUrCagmun. EtebIeyIgmankar

lM)ak eyIgedaHRsayCasmUhPaB edayeCOelImhaCnkñúg

RkbxNÐKN³PaK RkbxNÐKN³tMbn; RkbxNÐtUc RkbxNÐFM

KWedaHRsay)an. teTAmuxeTot k¾dUecñH.

bkçCnmñak;² kmμaPi)almñak;² KN³kmμaFikarmYy²

bkSTaMgmUl RtÚvmaneKalCMhrenH. ebIKμaneKalCMhrenH

manbBaðaGI muxCaRcbUkRcbl;. RcbUkRcbl;xagneya)ay

xagstiGarmμN_ xagTsSn³ xagcat;taMg xagviFankar.

2>RtÚvenACab;nwgmhaclnabdivtþn_ rbs;mhaCn

kmμkr-ksikr.

Cab;clnamann½yfa RtÚvkþab;clnaenH[)an yl;

clnaenH sÁal;degðImclnaenH. CYnkalclnavaelOn

eyIgtamminTan;. CYnkalclnavayWt eyIgdac;BIclna

eyIgkþab;clnamin)an minyl;clna mindwgmUlehtuEdl

raMgraclna mineXIjKnøwHedaHRsay eyIgCMrujclnamin

)an. kñúgshkrN_kþI k¾RtÚvCab;clna. kuMeXIjEtcMNucl¥.

ebIkþab;clnamin)an viPaKminRtÚvviFankar minTan;eBlevla

eT. kñúgshkrN_clnaxøaMg clnaelIkPøWk¾xøaMg clnarkCIk¾

xøaMg clnaeFVIERsk¾xøaMg. enHCaTidæPaBl¥. EtTidæPaBmYyeTot

xμaMgvaeFVIskmμPaBbMpøajbdivtþn_³ vabMpøajbgÁI vabMpøajeKa va

bMpøajcb. ebIeyIgkþab;min)an eyIgmindwg eyIgminyl;.

cbvaecHEt)ak; eyIgfaeFVIcbminl¥. EtxμaMgvabMpøaj eyIg

kþab;min)an eyIgKμanviFankarTan;eBlevla. KitEtBIsuMcb

Efm. minKitedaHRsayTMnas;vNÑ³kñúgshkrN_ minKitts‘U

vNÑ³ kñúgshkrN_. eKasÁmk¾G‘Icwg. mints‘UvNÑ³ minbMb:n

eKalCMhrneya)ay-stiGarmμN_rbs;mhaCn minbMb:n

eKa EbrCamkvayrbbsgÁmniymrbs;Ég. minkþab;clna

minviPaKclna edIm,ImanviFankar[RtÚv [Tan;eBlevla.

]TahrN_³ ebIkþab;clnamin)an muxCaviPaK)atuPaB

RbqaMgxøH²favaxøaMgCagclna]btßmÖrbs;mhaCndUcenHc,as;

CaviPaKfa maK’arbs;bkSminRtÚv c,as;CamineCOmaK’aÉg min

eCObkSÉgvij.

6¦bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCacat;taMgeLIgtameKalkarN_

RbCaFibetyüRbmUlpþúM

1>xøwmsarRbCaFibetyüRbmUlpþú MKW³ smUhPaB

dwknaM buKÁlTTYlxusRtÚvedayELk.

manRbCaFibetyüRbmUlpþúM )anbkSCaGgÁPaBEt

mYy. dUecñH)anCaeKalkarN_enH eyIgRtÚvyl; ehIyRtÚv

eKarB. ebImñak;TIéT² KWKμanbkSeT KWGnaFibetyü KWesrI.

bkçCneyIg RtÚveronsURtlak;karN_ RbCaFibetyüRbmUlpþúM

edIm,Iyl; edIm,Ikþab;)an edIm,IPJak;rlwk.



2>manGgÁkarvin½y rwgbuwgEtmYyKt;. Kμanvin½y

sRmab;fñak;elIepSg sRmab;bkçCnepSgeT. RtÚveKarBTaMg

Gs;Kña. EtsMxan; RtÚveKarBedayPJak;rlwk. edIm,IPJak;rlwk

Tal;Etyl;. PJak;rlwk )anmansμartIRbyuT§ minsÞak;esÞIr min

sþay. esμaHGs;BIeBaHBIBug. h‘anlHbg;GVI²TaMgGs;edIm,I

eFVIbdivtþn_ lHbg;kmμsiT§i smÖar kmμsiT§imuxmat; buNüs½kþi GaCJa.

3>n½yGnuvtþRbCaFibetyü-RbmUlpþúMrbs;bkS KW

n½yneya)aystiGarmμN_ cat;taMg.GnuvtþmaK’arbs;bkS

eKalkarN_rbs;bkS edayPJak;rlwk. samKÁIPaB ÉkPaB

épÞkñúg vaekIteLIgdac;xat edayGnuvtþeKalkarN_RbCa

Fibetyü RbmUlpþúMedayPJak;rlwk.

4>RtÚvRbúgRby½tñ [x<s;dl;kRmit cMeBaHRKb;

skmμPaB nigRKb;kll,icrbs;xμaMg.

RbúgRby½tñkñúgKN³kmμaFikarrbs;bkS RbúgRby½tñ

kñúgsaxa. RtÚvecHBinitüsmasPaB TIéTBIbkS EdlvacUlbgáb;

enAkñúgbkS. BitEmnEtbkS )ansRmitsRmaMgsmasPaB

GnþrayecjBIbkS CabnþbnÞab;mkehIy Etbc©úb,nñenH k¾enA

mansmasPaBminl¥ smasPaBEdlGnþray smasPaB

EdlxμaMgbgáb;enAkñúgbkS enAkñúgkgT½B enAkñúgCYrbdivtþn_eyIg.

bkçCneyIgTaMgGs; RtÚvelIkkm<s;sμartIRbúgRby½tñ[dl;

kRmit RtÚvecHBinitü RtÚvecHtamdan RtÚvecHviPaKsmasPaB

TaMgenH. eyIgeronsURtlkçnþik³ edIm,Im©as;karCamun bMBak;

bMb:nCamun enAkñúgbkSTaMgmUl. tamBiesaFmk eyIgkþab;

RbvtþirUbbkçCnmin)anENn naM[xμaMgeRCótcUl)an. RtÚv

kþab;RbvtþirUb[ENn.

sarsMxan;xTI6enH KWedIm,ITb;Tl;xμaMg kuM[vaeRCót

cUl)anpg.

7¦ karTietonsV½yTieton

enHCabBaðacas;. Calak;karN_mYyEdls½kþisiT§ikñúg

karksagbkS. ebImanrbbTieton-sV½yTietonhμt;ct; kñúg

KN³kmμaFikarkþI CabuKÁlkþI karrIkceRmInva)anrh½s. ebI

KμankarTieton-sV½yTieton naM[FUrrlug karrIkceRmInrbs;

KN³kmμaFikark¾fmfy rbs;buKÁlk¾fmfy.

dUecñHehIy )anCabkS)ankMNt;[RbCuMCIvPaBbkS

[)aneTogTat;. ebIRbCuMeTogTat; saxamYy²ksagxøÜnvaCa

sV½yRbvtþi. pÞal;xøÜneyIgmñak;²k¾dUecñH ebIFUrrlugxagRbCuM

CIvPaByUr KWminceRmIneT. ebIRbCuMeTogTat; KWceRmIn ceRmIn

elOn ceRmInyWt KWceRmIn.

8¦eKalCMhrÉkraCü m©as;kar

xenH CaxmYysMxan;. CaBiesaFrbs;bkSeyIg

eXIjfa³ ebIminÉkraCü m©as;kar KWrNbeK. ebIÉkraCü

m©as;karKWQñH.

dUecñH eyIgRtÚvÉkraCü m©as;kar. sMxan;RtÚvbMBak;

eKalCMhrÉkraCü m©as;kar[rwgmaM. ebImaneKalCMhr

ÉkraCü m©as;karrwgmaMehIy eTIbeyIgrkviFIRbyuT§ rkmaK’a

skmμPaB[RtwmRtÚv edIm,IRbyuT§[QñH.

eyIgRtÚvpSBVpSay eKalCMhrÉkraCü m©as;karenA

kñúgbkS kñúgGgÁkarsñÚl kñúgbegÁal kñúgmhaCnteTAeTot.

ykBiesaFRbvtþisa®sþrbs;bkSeyIgmkGb;rM. CMnan;vay

GaNaniKmniym)araMg eyIgminÉkraCü m©as;kar eyIg)at

édTeT. eRkaymk eyIgÉkraCü m©as;kar eyIgmankarlM)ak

k¾eday EteyIgedaHRsay)anCabnþbnÞab;.

9¦Parkic©bdivtþn_Cati nigGnþrCati

1>Gtþenam½tirbs;eyIg rwg nigrIkceRmIn Caktþa

kMNt;.sklelakcaMBinitüemIleyIg xMtamdanclnaeyIg

ehIymanCMenOmYyEpñkfa eyIgeFVI)an. 1qñaM 2qñaM 3qñaM

eTot eyIgkan;EtxøaMg eyIgsamKÁICamYybdivtþn_sklelak

)ankan;EtxøaMgEfmeTot. eKalkarN_rbs;bkSeyIg KWRtÚv

eFVIbdivtþn_kñúgRbeTseyIg[)anl¥ eTIbrYmcMENkCamYybdivtþn_

sklelak)anl¥.

2>eyIgsamKÁICamYybkS m:akS-eLnIn CamYy

bdivtþn_sklelak edayQrelIeKalkarN_esμIPaB. ebI

samKÁIehIyrNbeK eyIgminRBm. ebIminesμIPaBeT eyIg

minsamKÁI. eKalCMhrenHRtÚvrwgbuwg.




CMBUkTI1

GMBIbkçCn

sMNUmBr³ eronCMBUkTI 1enHKW³

1>edIm,Ikþab;[Cab; nUveKalkarN_sþIGMBIbkçCn Biess

GMBIkarBRgIkbkçCn nigParkic©bkçCn.

2>RtÚvRCÜtRCab[eRCARCHEfmeTot GMBIvin½yrbs;

bkS cMeBaHRKb;bkçCn.

1¦enAkñúgCMBUk1enHman4maRta.maRtaTI1 TI2 TI3

Calak;karN_edIm,IBRgIkbkçCn BRgwgbkçCn. RtÚvQrelI

eKalkarN_enHdac;xat RtÚvbMBak;bMb:nelIeKalkarN_enH

dac;xat. RtÚvGb;rMbkçCn [eKkþab;Cab;eKalkarN_enH.

knøgmk karbBa©ÚlbkSmYycMnYneRcIn KWRtwmRtÚv.

EtmYycMnYneRcInKYrsmEdr KWbBa©Úlxus BiessenAqñaM70-

71. dUecñH smasPaB»kasniym vacUl)aneRcIn.

EtbkSbiTTVar sRmitsRmaMg)anCaGtibrma.

dUecñH teTAmuxeTot munnwgseRmcbBa©ÚlbkS RtÚvebIk

lkçnþik³emIl.

enAkñúgenH tamBiesaF RtÚvkþab;RbvtþirUb[)an. ebI

RbvtþirUbminc,as; eTaHCal¥k¾eday k¾kuMGalbBa©Úl. Rby½tñ

BYk es>GuI>Ga vaeRCótcUl. es>GuI>Ga vavaybdivtþn_ eday

bBa©ÚlfñaMtamsrésQamrbs;bdivtþn_. dUecñHRtÚvkþab;Rbvtþi

rUb[c,as;.

2¦GMBIvin½yrbs;bkS³ maRta4

cMeBaHvin½yrbs;bkS cg;sgát;elIcMNucxøH

k¦RtÚvmanTsSn³c,as;las; cMeBaHvin½yrbs;bkS.

kþab;vin½y yl;sarsMxan;rbs;vin½y karcaM)ac;rbs;vin½y.

vin½yrbs;bkS eFVIeLIgedIm,IsamKÁIPaB-ÉkPaBépÞkñúgbkS.

TsSn³cMeBaHvin½yenH knøgmkenARsal.

ehtuGI)anCamanvin½y? sarsMxan;énvin½yy:ag

Na?

Tal;Etmanvin½y )ansamKÁIPaB ÉkPaBépÞkñúgbkS

rwg.vin½yminEmnQrelIbuKÁlenHbuKÁlenaH KN³kmμaFikar

enH KN³kmμaFikarenaHeT KWQrelImaK’a.

eyIgcg;bMpusmhaCn [kan;Etyl;maK’a yl;sti

GarmμN_yl;lak;karN_cat;taMgrbs;bkS edIm,ImhaCnman

kmøaMg CYyksagbkS BRgwgBRgIkbkS. [eKyl;vin½yrbs;

bkS. yl;sRmab;xøÜneK yl;sRmab;vin½ybkçCn vinicä½y

kmμaPi)al. GnuvtþstiGarmμN_xus eKemIleXIj. Gnuvtþ

cat;taMgxus eKemIleXIj BIeRBaHmaK’aEtmYy. dUecñH naM[

bkSeyIgrwg. BIeRBaHknøgmk manF¶n; manRsal. ebIfñak;

elIeFVIxusvin½y CYnkalmhaCneXIjEdr Etminh‘anniyay.

CYnkal mhaCnmineXIj mkBIminyl;GMBIvin½yrbs;bkS.

RtÚvGb;rMCabnþbnÞab;.

x¦RtÚvmankarGnuvtþvin½y edayhμt;ct; edIm,I[bkS

xøaMg samKÁIPaB ÉkPaBrwgbuwg. eKalkarN_rbs;bkS

KWTieton sV½yTietonedIm,Iksag. enHCamUldæan. b:uEnþ ebI

ksagCabnþbnÞab;ehIyminEkERbminceRmIn RtÚvEtGnuvtþvin½y

)anmhaCnmanCMenO ehIybkSrwg)an eyIglMGeKalkarN_

rbs;bkSlMGmaK’arbs;bkS)an.

b:uEnþ RtÚvRby½tñRbEyg {eqVg sþaM}. mkdl;éf¶enH

eyIgeRcInFUrrlugkñúgkarGnuvtþvin½y. kñúgn½yenH eyIg

sþaM. EtRby½tñeqVg KWGnuvtþvin½y TTwgTETg minBinitüBic½y

hμt;ct;.

TnÞwmenH kñúgkarGnuvtþvin½y RtÚvmanviFankarhμt;ct;.

munnwgseRmcvin½ymYy² RtÚvts‘UmYyry³kal ksagmYy

ry³kal. ebIseRmcvin½y RtÚvmanviFankarhμt;ct;karBar

RbtikmμRbqaMg.

Gnuvtþvin½yrbs;bkShμt;ct; minEmneFVI[bkSexSay

eT. KWeFVI[bkSxøaMg. ebIGnuvtþvin½yrbs;bkS)anRtwmRtÚv

bMpusmhaCn k¾)anelOneTot.

CMBUkTI2

GMBIlkçN³sm,tþi10y:ag edIm,IeRCIserIscUlkñúg

GgÁkardwknaMepSg²rbs;bkS.

sMNUmBr³ eronCMBUkTI 2 KWedIm,I³



1¦edIm,IbMBak;TsSnvinicä½y 10y:agrbs;bkS[

RCÜtRCab edIm,Ivinicä½yxøÜnÉg ksagxøÜnÉg tamlkçN³10

y:agrbs;bkS.

2¦edIm,Ivinicä½ysmmitþdéT ehIynwgksagsmmitþ

déT eRCIserIssmmitþdéT tamlkçN³10y:agenH.

knøgmk bkS)anelIklkçN³10y:agenH. Etkar

RCÜtRCabenAxVHxat. dUecñH vinicä½yxøÜnÉg minRtwmRtÚv. dUecñH

sV½yksagxøÜnmin)an. mindwgCamanGI xVHGI ksagGI.

m:üageTotvinicä½yGñkdéT eRCIserIsGñkdéT ksag

GñkdéT minTan;)anRtwmRtÚv. CYnNaeXIjEtsmtßPaB

neya)aysmtßPaBbec©keTs EtminBinitüCMhrneya)ay

stiGarmμN_ CMhrsamKÁI. CYnNa vinicä½ytamsPaBsøÚtbUt

minBinitüFatuskmμRbyuT§rbs;bkS.

dUecñH RtÚvsikSaeronsURtlkçN³sm,tþi10y:ag.

ehIykñúg10xenH man4xsMxn;.

xTI1 KWeKalCMhrÉkPaB maK’abkS³

CYnNa smmitþeyIgminTan;yl;GIeT EteCOCak;

elImaK’arbs;bkS ehIyGnuvtþmaK’arbs;bkS. Gnuvtþxus

GnuvtþRtÚv Eklm¥tammaK’arbs;bkS.

Rby½tñbMput GnuvtþmaK’a sþaMCaExSsgVak; b¤ {eqVg}

CaExSsgVak; b¤dut[exøac erac[eqACaExSsgVak;.

bBaðaenH manBIrRbePT.CYnNa{eqVg} CaExSsgVak;

b¤sþaMCaExSsgVak;edayGectna. enHk¾eRKaHfñak;. Rby½tñ

bMput xμaMgEdlvabEgVrmaK’arbs;bkSedayectna. enHrwt

EteRKaHfñak;.

xTI2 eKalCMhrstiGarmμN_GFnrbs;bkS³

bkçCn kmμaPi)al EdlmanstiGarmμN_RtwmRtÚv

ÉkPaBCamYybkS )anFanaGHGag CabkçCnl¥ CakmμaPi)al

l¥. CYnNa stiGarmμN_Pan;RcLM mankarxusqÁgedayPan;RcLM

dl;Gb;rMeTA EkERbtamstiGarmμN_rbs;bkS. enHTukCal¥.

EtebIGb;rM ksagCabnþbnÞab;ehIy enAEtxusCaExSsgVak;

bkçCnenH kmμaPi)alenH minl¥eT naM[eRKaHfñak;.

xTI3 eKalCMhrsamKÁIPaB ÉkPaBépÞkñúgbkS³

eKalCMhrsamKÁIPaB ÉkPaB minEmnksag)an

Pøam²eT. Tal;EtRCÜtRCab nigGnuvtþmaK’aneya)ay sti

GarmμN_ cat;taMgrbs;bkS)anRtwmRtÚv eTIbRbmUlkmøaMgsamKÁI

)anFMTUlay.CYnNabMNgl¥ cg;samKÁIPaBÉkPaB EteFVIeTA

eTACaEbk)ak;samKÁIeTAvij edayminyl;eKalkarN_rbs;

bkS.b:uEnþ dkBiesaFbeNþIr²samKÁI)anRbmUlkmøaMg)an.

tamBiesaFrbs;bkS eTaHCamansmtßPaBtic Et

ebIsamKÁI)anl¥ muxCadwknaM)anl¥. ebIsmtßPaBeRcIn Et

samKÁImin)anl¥ dwknaMk¾min)anl¥Edr.

xTI4 KWeKalCMhrmaK’acat;taMg dwknaM nigeFVIkargar

rbs;bkS³

4xenHCaxsMxan;. 6{x} déTeTot Ca {x} rYmpSM.

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TUrs½BÞelx023211875 b¤GIuEm:l [email protected].





elx205 Exmkra qñaM2017 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar

kalviPaKbBa©aMgExSPaBynþ Éksarrbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

erogral;éf¶suRk evlaem:ag 10 ³00 RBwk

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sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmsUmTak;Tg ³ Em:n BiciRt TUrsBÞelx ³ 023214009 GuIEm:l ³ [email protected]

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ExμrRkhmEdleFVImkelIRbCaCn.

21

karbBa©aMgExSPaBynþÉksar {kMusμanbgePøc} nwg

RbmUlRbCaCnenAtamPUminanaEdlkRmnwgman»kasCYbKña

mkBiPakSaBIerOgr:avepSg²EdlxøÜn)anCYbRbTHenAkñúgrbb

ExμrRkhm. karbBa©aMgenH k¾nwgpþl;»kasdl;GñkPUmiedIm,I[

Kat;niyayecjmknUverOgr:avQWcab;Edl)anlak;TukenA

kñúgxøÜnrbs;Kat;CaeRcInqñaMmkehIy nigCaEpñkmYyedIm,IeFVI[

RbCaCnTaMgGs;enaH)anFUres,Iykñúgcitþ. edaysarEt

rbbExμrRkhm)anknøgputeTACag40qñaMmkehIy dUecñH

erOgr:avrbs;RbCaCnmYycMnYnhak;RtÚv)anemIlrMlg nigmin

eGIeBI eTaHbIGñkTaMgenaH kMBugrs;CamYynwgPaBQWcab; CMgWpøÚv

citþF¶n;bNþalmkBIrbbenHk¾eday.

ExSPaBynþÉksarenH nwgrMB£keLIgvijBIsñaéd

sil,³d¾rs;revIkrbs;ExμrBIsm½ymun ehIyEdlminRtÚv)an

ykcitþTuk nigRtÚv)anbMpøajecalesÞIrEtTaMgRsugBIrbb

ExμrRkhm. sil,³kr nigGñkceRmógl,Il,ajtaMgBITs

vtSr_60CaeRcInRtÚv)ansmøab; GñkEdlenArs;ranCIvit

RtÚvrYmKñaksagsñaédsil,³TaMgenHeLIgvij eRkayBIrbb

ExμrRkhmdYlrlMenAqñaM1979.

TnÞwmenH edIm,IelIktemáIgsñaédsil,³ nigt®nþIExμr

karbBa©aMgExSPaBÉksar {kMusμanbgePøc} nwgCYybMpus

RbCaCnenAtamTICnbTnana[ecHRsLaj; EfrkSasil,³

rYmCamYykarGb;rMedIm,ITb;sáat;kMu[ekItmankarbMpøicbMpøaj

sm,tþisil,³TaMgenHeTot.

fμI²enH ExSPaBynþÉksar {kMusμanbgePøc} RtÚv

)ancak;bBa©aMgCUnRbCaCnTsSnaenAextþ)at;dMbgEdlCa

RsukkMeNItrbs;GtItGñkceRmógd¾l,Il,aj KWGñkRsI rs;

esrIsuT§a kalBIGMLúgcugTsvtSr_60nigedImTsvtSr_70.

ExSPaBynþÉksarenH k¾)ancak;bBa©aMg enAextþesomrab

EdlCaextþsm,ÚreTAedayR)agÁR)asaT cmøak; nigvb,Fm’

rbs;km<úCa nigenARkúg)anlug extþrtnKirI.

karcak;bBa©aMgenAextþ)at;dMbg

RbCaBlrdæenARkúg)at;dMbgRbmaNCag500nak;

)ancUlrYmTsSnakarbBa©aMgExSPaBynþÉksar {kuMsμanbg

ePøc} enAkñúgbrievNvtþdMrIs Rkúg)at;dMbg EdlsßitenAEk,r

karcak;bBa©aMgExSPaBynþÉksarerOg {kMusμanbgePøc} ³ Exμr)at;bg;t®nþIr:k eGn r:Ul enAvtþdMrIs Rkúg)at;dMbg. manTsSnikCnEdlCam®nþI raCkar

sisS nisSit RBHsgÇ nigRbCaCnRbmaNCag500nak; )ancUlrYmTsSnaExSPaBynþenH.






pÞHrbs;GtItGñkceRmóg rs; esrIsuT§a. karbBa©aMgExSPaB

ynþenH k¾mankarcUlrYmBIsMNak;RKÜsarrbs;GñkRsI rs;

esrIsuT§a Edr.

bnÞab;BITsSnikCn)anTsSnaExSPaBynþenHcb; k¾

mankarBiPakSa nigsYrsMNYrrvagGñkcUlrYm nigplitkr cn

BIr:UhSIú. TsSnikCn)anbgðajBIGamμN_epSg²KñaGMBIExSPaB

ynþenH °

efn sar:um CaRKÚbeRgónPasaGg;eKøs )anbgðaj

BIcMNucBIrEdlKat;cab;GarmμN_ eRkayBITsSna KWGñkFak;

suIkøÚCaeRcInmkQb;CuMKñaenAmuxviTüúCatiedIm,Isþab;t®nþI. Gñk

TaMgenaHhak;dUcCarIkrayCamYynwgt®nþI eTaHbICaRbeTs

kMBugRbQmnwgs®gÁamk¾eday eRBaHt®nþIceRmógCaEpñk

mYyCYy[GarmμN_)anes,IyBIkþIkgVl;)anmYyRKaEdr.

cMeBaH b‘U hak; CaviciRtkr )anbgðajBIGamμN_rbs;

xøÜnfa Kat;BitCaPJak;ep¥IlxøaMgNas;EdlRbeTseyIgmanenA

esssl;Éksar EdlGacbegáItkunenHeLIg. Kat;)an

elIkeLIgfa t®nþIenAsm½yenaH KWmanPaBxusKñaq¶ayNas;BI

t®nþIbc©úb,nñ. GñkceRmógkñúgGMLúg TsvtSr_60 nig70 KW

mansMeLgRkGYnRkeGA Ep¥mElðm CamYynwgTMnukeRcógd¾

manGtßn½y nigGtßrs ehIyva)annaMGarmμN_ eTAkan;km<úCa

kalBIGtItkald¾Gs©arümYy.

sm,tiþ CakmμkrsMNg; )anbgðajBIkaryl;eXIj

Rsedog b‘Uhak; Edrfa Kat;mincUlcitþceRmógsm½ybc©úb,nñ

enaHeT. Gtßn½ykñúgbTceRmógbc©úb,nñ KWKμanGVIeRkAkar

RsLaj; nigkarsøab;enaHeT.

kñúg»kasenaH GñkcUlrYmk¾)anBiPakSaKñaGMBIerOg

r:avpÞal;xøÜn nigsmaCikRkúmRKÜsarxøÜnenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm

bnÞab;BIGñkTaMgenaH)aneXIjQutxøHenAkñúgPaBynþÉksar

EdlbgðajGMBIrbbExμrRkhm. GñkcUlrYmTaMgenH k¾)anEck

rMElknUvbTBiesaFn_rbs;xøÜnCamYynwgGñkcUl rYmepSgeTot.

karbBa©aMgkunenAextþ)at;dMbgenH )anRbRBwtþeTAedayman

kic©shkarBIsMNak;GaCJaFrmUldæan nigCaBiesskic©xitxM

RbwgERbgrbs;bgRsI GñkRsI rs; esrIsuT§a. Kat;)an[dwg

fa {erOgkuMsμanbgePøc} )annaMGarmμN_GñkRKb;Kña[RtLb;

eTACYbGñkceRmógcas;² nigKitGMBIGtItkal CaBiessrbb

ExμrRkhm.

karcak;bBa©aMgenAextþesomrab

edaymankarshkarl¥BIsMNak;GaCJaFrmUldæan

RKb;lMdab;fñak;kñúgextþesomrab nigGaCJaFrCatiGbSra ExS

PaBynþÉksarEdlmancMNgeCIgfa {kuMsμanbgePøc} RtÚv

)ancak;bBa©aMgCUnRbCaCnTsSnaenAbrievNRsHRsg; Edl

sßitkñúgPUmiRsHRsg;xageCIg sgáat;nKrFM Rkúgesomrab

extþesomrab. RbCaCnRbmaNCag 1>000nak; rYmman

RBHsgÇ RKÚbeRgón GaCIvkr kmμkr kmμkarinI ksikr enAtam

PUminana)ancUlrYmTsSnaExSPaBynþenH.

sil,³ceRmógEdl)anbgðajkñúgExSPaBynþenH

)annaMGarmμN_GñkTsSna[RtLb;eTAkan;sm½ykalmYy

EdlrIkraypg nigeRkómRkMpg °

elakLúk bUtal; CaRKÚbeRgónenAviTüal½ysemþc«

)anbgðajBIGarmμN_rIkray nigtk;søúteBlEdl)anTsSna

ehIyB¤bTceRmógmYycMnYnEdlKat;Føab;)ansþab; nigeRcóg

elgkalBIGtItkal. kalBIGMLúgTsvtSr_60 sil,³

ceRmógrbs;km<úCamankarrIkceRmIn KYrCaTIkt;smÁal;. bT

nImYy²RtÚv)antak;Etgmky:agBieraHrNþM. cMENkGtßn½y

nig sMenogrbs;GñkceRmóg KWenAEtsßitkñúgcitþGñksþab;Ca

nic©. RKÚ bUtal; )an[dwgfa enAGMLúg TsvtSr_60 ceRmóg

EdlGñkniBn§sresr KWmanRKb;rsCatiTaMgmenaseBa©tna

kMbøúkkMEbøg nigjak;k®nþak;GarmμN_ ehIyceRmógTaMgenaHk¾

)anpøas;bþÚreTAtamsm½ykalEdr. Cak;Esþg dUcCaenAkñúg

GMLúgqñaM1970 ceRmógRtÚv)ansresr nigeRcógmYyEbb

epSgeTot EdlPaKeRcInTak;Tgnwgkarts‘URbyuT§nwgxμaMg

sRtÚv b¤CMruj[yuT§CncUleFVIkgT½BedIm,IkarBarRbeTs

Cati.

karbBa©aMgerOg {kuMsμanbgePøc} k¾CaevTikamYyEdl

23

pþl;»kasdl;GñkEdlFøab;)anqøgkat;sm½ykalenaHcUl

rYmEckrMElkdl;GñkCMnan;eRkay[)andwgGMBIerOgr:avrbs;

xøÜn tamry³karTsSnakunÉksarEdlbgðajBIsm½ykal

mYyeTAsm½ykalmYy.

eBlB¤bTelak suin suIsamut EdlmancMNgeCIgfa

{GaehÁaehÁa} G‘¿Rbúsmñak;)anrmøwkR)ab;ekμg²EdlGgÁúyEk,r

Kat;edayTwkmuxrIkrayfa RKan;EtB¤bTenHPøam eFVI[Kat;nwk

eXIjdl;PaBCayuvv½yrbs;Kat; nigsm½ykalmYyd¾rIk

ray. b:uEnþPaBrIkrayTaMgenH RtÚv)anrlaysabsUnü

bnÞab;BIExμrRkhmRKb;RKgRbeTs. eBlEdlKat;emIleXIj

kardæankargarenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm nigB¤ceRmógbdivtþn_

eFVI[Twkmuxrbs;Kat;ERbCaRseBan. ceRmógTaMgenH)aneFVI

[Kat;nwkeXIjdl;PaBlM)ak evTnaEdlKat;)anCYbRbTH nig

qøgkat;. Kat;)anR)ab;ekμg²TaMgenaHfa enAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm

eTaHbICamankarhamR)ammin[eRcógceRmógBIsgÁmcas;

k¾eday Kat;EtglYceRcógelgs¶at;²eBlenACamYymnusS

EdlKat;Tukcitþ. Kat;)anniyayfa eBleRcógceRmógTaMg

enaH eFVI[GarmμN_eyIgcakq¶ayBIkarBi)akcitþ nigTukçevTna

EdleyIgkMBugCYbRbTHmYyry³Edr. GñkEdl)anmkcUl

rYmTsSna CaBiessRbCaCnEdlmanv½ycas;² EtgelIk

ykerOgr:avrbs;xøÜnmkniyayR)ab;dl;smaCikRKÜsar nig

GñkEdlenAEk,rxagBIRBwtþikarN_EdlKat;)anCYbRbTHtam

sm½ykalTaMgenaH TaMgPaBrIkray nigTukçlM)ak. ekμg²gak

sYrcas;²enAEk,rxøÜnGMBITidæPaBEdl)aneXIjkñúgPaBynþ

nigecaTCasMNYrfa kñúgsm½ykalTaMgenaH BitCamankar

sEmþgEbbenHEmneT? nigsMNYrCaeRcIneTotEdlekμgTaMg

enaH )anemIleXIjkñúgPaBynþÉksarmYyenH.

yan suFIt Gayu18qñaM sisSviTüal½ysemþc«

)anerobrab;R)ab;´CamYynwgGarmμN_kþúkkþÜlfa {eBlEdl

´)aneXIjvIedGURtg;vKÁmYyEdlbgðajGMBIkardæankargar

EdlmnusSCaeRcInkMBugErkdIkñúgrbbExμrRkhm eFVI[´man

GarmμN_kþúkkþÜl minGacTb;TwkEPñk)aneLIy. rUbPaBTaMgenH

eFVI[´RsémeXIjBIPaBlM)akrbs;RbCaCnenAkñúgrbbExμr

Rkhm. CaBiess eFVI[GarmμN_´nwkdl;BaküeBCn_Edl

Rkúmkargarkun rYmCamYyplitkr cn BIr:UhSIú )ancak;bBa©aMgExSPaBynþÉksarerOg {kMusμanbgePøc} ³ Exμr)at;bg;t®nþIr:k eGn r:Ul enAPUmiRsHRsg;

xageCIg sßitkñúgsgáat;nKrFM Rkúgesomrab. manTsSnikCnEdlCam®nþIraCkar sisS nisSit RBHsgÇ nigRbCaCnRbmaNCag1>000nak; )ancUl

rYmTsSnaExSPaBynþenH.




«Bukmþayrbs;´Føab;niyayR)ab;GMBIPaBlM)akevTnaEdl

Kat;Føab;)anCYbRbTHkñúgrbbExμrRkhm. ´BitCaminGacTb;

TwkEPñkmin[hUr)aneT. ´nwkRseNaHdl;«Bukmþayrbs;´

EdlRbwgERbgts‘UtaMgBIrbbExμrRkhmrhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH}.

karcak;bBa©aMgenAextþrtnKirI

enAéf¶TI28 ExFñÚ qñaM2016 Rkúmkargarkun shkar

CamYysßab½nBak;B½n§ nigGaCJaFrmUldæan )anerobcMbBa©aMg

ExSPaBynþÉksarerOg {kMusμanbgePøc} enAbrievNmnÞIr

vb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³extþrtnKirI sßitenAkñúgsgáat;bwgkEnSg

Rkúg)anlug extþrtnKirI EdlmanTsSnikCnRbmaNCag

600nak; cUlrYmTsSna. kñúgcMeNamGñkTsSnaTaMgenH

95PaKryCasisS ¬rYmTaMgsisSCnCatiTMBYnpg¦mkBIviTüa

l½yLa)anesok/ viTüal½ysemþc«/ RKÚbeRgón/ RbCaCn

nigm®nþIraCkarTUTaMgextþrtnKirITaMgmUl.

bnÞab;BITsSnaExSPaBynþÉksarenHcb; dalIn

EdlCasisSmkBIviTüal½ymYy )anbgðajGarmμN_PJak;

ep¥Ilfa nagminnwksμanfa enAsm½ysemþcRBHneratþmsIhnu

mankarrIkceRmInxøaMgxagEpñksil,³dUecñHeT. nagcab;GarmμN_

eTAelIt®nþI karsEmþgrbs;sil,³kr nigceRmógenAsm½y

enaH. b:uEnþnag)ansEmþgkaresaksþaycMeBaHRbeTskm<úCa

EdlTTYlrgkarTmøak;RKab;EbkCaeRcIn EdlkarTmøak;RKab;

EbkenH)anbMpøajsm,tþivb,Fm’ nigsmøab;CIvitmnusS rYmTaMg

sil,³krpg.

dalIn )ansMNUmBr[yuvCnCMnan;eRkaycUlrYm

TsSnaExSPaBÉksar {kMusμanbgePøc} enH[)anRKb;²Kña

eRBaHyuvCnCassrRTÚg nigCaGñkdwknaMRbeTseTAéf¶GnaKt

nigrYmKñaedIm,IelIktemáIgvis½ysil,³ t®nþI[rIkceRmInEfm

eTot.

cMENk eTs panit Gayu16qñaM CasisS

)an[dwgfa bnÞab;BIKat;)anTsSnaExSPaB

ÉksarenHcb; eFVI[Kat;dwgeRcInBIsil,³t®nþI

enAkñúgsm½yenaH. panit EtgEtsþab;ceRmóg

edIm,IlEmðrGarmμN_. eRkABIceRmóg nigt®nþI

enAkñúgkunÉksarenH panit cab;GarmμN_BI

s®gÁam eRBaH)aneFVI[Kat;yl;dwgeRcInBI

Rbvtþisa®sþkalBIsm½yenaH. Kat;yl;fa

kunÉksarenHmansarsMxan; ehIyKat;cg;[

RbCaCnExμrTaMgekμgcas; cUlrYmTsSnaedIm,I

CacMeNHdwg nigrYmKñaEfrkSasñaédsil,³.

ExSPaBynþÉksar {kuMsμanbgePøc} )aneRKag nig

bnþcak;bBa©aMgenAtambNþaextþ mYycMnYndUcCa extþmNÐlKIrI

¬bBa©aMgenAvtþEsnmenarmü¦ nigenAExmkra enAqñaM2017

enH nwgcak;bBa©aMgenAextþsÞwgERtg EdlCaRsukkMeNIt

rbs;GtItGñkceRmógd¾l,Ielak suin suIsamut enAéf¶TI03

evlaem:ag6l¶ac ¬enAvtþktiy:aram ehAvtþkNþal¦/ extþ

kNþal enAéf¶TI8 evlaem:ag3resol ¬enAviTüal½y h‘un

Esn s¥ag¦ nigextþkMBt enAéf¶ TI10 evlaem:ag6l¶ac ¬enA

vtþeRtIyekaH¦.

ExSPaBynþenH k¾manbBa©aMgCUnsaFarNCnTsSna

erogral;éf¶suRk evlaem:ag10RBwk enAviciRtsalsil,³

shsm½yrbs;viTüasßansøwkrwténmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

EdlmanTItaMgenAviTüasßanCatiGb;rM.

esam b‘unfn nig Tav sar³muninÞ

karerobcMbBa©aMgExSPaBynþÉksarerOg {kMusμanbgePøc} enAmnÞIrvb,Fm’ extþrtnKirI



25

CaRbCaCncMNUlfμIenARsukGnøg;Evg mIg Kg; suxa

manRsúkkMeNItenAextþ sVayerog. Kat;)anpøas;mkrs;enA

PUmiGUrKKIreRkam XuMlMTg RsukGnøg;Evg extþ]tþrmanC½y

eTIbEt)anBIrqñaMb:ueNÑaH. suxa mkrs;enARsukGnøg;Evg

CamYyRKÜsarxagbþI Edlman«BukekμkCaGtIteyaFaExμr

Rkhm.

ebIeTaHbICars;enAkñúgPUmiEdleBareBjedayGtIt

ExμrRkhmk¾eday k¾ suxa minmanGarmμN_P½yxøackñúgkar

niyayBIerOgr:avEdlKat;Føab;)anqøgkat;R)ab;mk´Edr.

enAeBlsYrnaMKat;BICIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhm suxa )anerob

rab;R)ab;fa RKÜsarrbs; Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmCemøósBIextþ

sVayerogmkdl;XuMk,alekaH nigERBkÉg RsukekonsVay

extþkNþal. kalenaH Kat;minEdleXIjExμrRkhmsmøab;

mnusSpÞal;EPñkeT b:uEnþKat;eCOfaR)akdCamankarsmøab;

mnusS eRBaHKat;)aneXIjGnøg;mYyEdlmansuT§Etsak

sB. suxa )anrMB£kR)ab;´eTotfa edaysarEtKat;enAekμg

GgÁkartRmÚv[Kat;cUlkñúgkgkumar ehIykargarrbs;Kat;KW

erIsGacm_eKa nigedIrkab;edImT®nÞanExRt.

RBwtþikarN_Edl suxa cgcaMenaHKW éf¶rMedaH 7 mkra

enAeBlmYyEdlevotNamcUlmkrMedaHenaH Kat;)aneXIj

ynþehaH nig Lan CaeRcIneRKÓgebIkcUlmkedaymandak;

Tg;CatievotNam nigTg;CatiExμr nigeXIjmanmnusSCaeRcIn

eTot. eBlenaHKat;)aneXIjkgT½BTaMgenaH

)aj;smøab;eyaFaExμrRkhm EdleyaFaxøH

Føak;BIelILanenAnwgEPñk. bnÞab;mkmanmnusS

Rbúsmñak;niyaymkkan;Kat;[eTAR)ab;«Buk

mþay[RtLb;eTARsukvij eRBaHRbeTs)anrMedaH

ehIy. eBlB¤dUecñH suxa k¾Rbjab;rt;eTArk«Buk

mþay nig)annaMKñaeFVIdMeNIrRtLb;eTApÞHenAextþ

sVayerogvij.

CaCnrgeRKaHEdlrs;ranmanCIvit cMeBaH

suxa pÞal;yl;fa karbegáIt[mantulakarkat;

eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhmCaerOgl¥ ehIyy:agehacNas;

k¾Kat;manGarmμN_fas¶b;citþCagmunEdr.

suxa manGarmμN_faFUrRsaleRcInenAeBlEdl

ekμgCMnan;eRkaycg;dwgBIRbvtþisa®sþExμrRkhm eRBaHKat;

cg;[ekμg²eCOfa karsmøab;mnusS nigkarlM)akrbs;RbCa

Cnkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü b¤ExμrRkhmenH KWBitCaman

R)akdEmn. eBlxøHKat;k¾manGarmμN_QWcab;EdrenAeBl

Edlekμg²mineCOBIRbvtþisa®sþd¾CUrct;EdlKat;Føab;)an

qøgkat;mYyenH.

TYn sirIrtna

´minmankarP½yxøaceT

eTaHbICars;enAGtIttMbn;ExμrRkhmk¾eday

TYn sirIrtna nisSitsμ½RKcitþKeRmagmCÄmNÐlsnþiPaBGnøg;Evg )ansmÖas Kg; suxa

enApÞHrbs;Kat;kñúgRsukGnøg;Evg extþ]tþrmanC½y BIbTBiesaFn_Tak;TgnwgrbbExμrRkhm




GñkmIg savI manGayu46qñaM sBVéf¶rs;enAPUmiGUr

KKIreRkam XuMlMTg RsukGnøg;Evg extþ]tþrmanC½y. enAmun

rbbExμrRkhm savI rs;enACamYy«BukmþayenAPUmiR)asaT

XuMsMeragya RsukBYk extþesomram. enArbbExμrRkhm

«Bukrbs; savI eQμaH QuM saj; RtÚv)anExμrRkhmykeTA

smøab;.

savI )anrMB£kfa yb;enaH

«Bukrbs;Kat;kMBugCk;)arIenAmux

xÞm cMENkKat;eBlenaHkMBugedk

CamYymþay. eBlenaHkgQøb

)anmkehA«BukKat; ehIymþay

Kat;sYrQøbenaHfa naMbþIKat;eTA

Na? QøbenaHeqøIyfa naMBukeTA

ERBkrkRtI. enAeBlenaH minRtwm

Et«Bukrbs;Kat;mñak;eT sUm,IEtBU

rbs;Kat; ¬b¥ÚnRbúsmþay¦ k¾RtÚv

QøbnaMeTACamYyEdr. RKan;Et

eXIjkgQøbna MG ñkTa MgB IreTA

mþayKat;Gs;sgÇwmfanwg)anCYb

KñavijehIy. Kat;Kitfa RbEhlCaGgÁkaresuIbdwgfa Gñk

TaMgBIrKWCaGtItkgsV½yRtaNkñúgrbb ln; nl; ehIy. cab;

taMgBIyb;enaHmk GñkTaMgBIrk¾)at;dMNwgrhUt.

bnÞab;BIkarnaMbþI nigb¥ÚneTA)at;mYyry³mk erOgEdl

KYr[hYscitþcMeBaHmþayrbs; savI k¾ekIteLIg. GgÁkar)an

bgçM[mþayrbs;Kat;ykbþIfμI b:uEnþKat;)anRbEkk. GgÁkark¾

)anbgçMKat;CafμImþgeTot edayR)ab;fa ebIh‘anRbEkkmYy

elIk CaBIrelIkeTot GgÁkarnwgykeTAsmøab;TaMgmþay TaMg

kUnminxan. edayKμanCeRmIs mþayrbs; savI k¾yl;RBm

tambBa¢arbs;GgÁkaredIm,IrkSaCIvitxøÜn nigkUn.

eRkaymk savI RtÚvGgÁkarcat;[enAkgkumareday

mankargarkab;T®nÞanExRt. Kat;eFVIkarenAkgkumarTTYl)an

rbbbbrlayCamYynwgRtkYnBIreBlkñúgmYyéf¶ ehIyeBl

yb;GacmkedkCamYymþayenApÞH. savI eFVIkarenAkgkumar

rhUtdl;rbbExμrRkhmdYlrlM.

savI )anerobkarenAqñaM

1987 CamYynwgeQμaH b‘unét

EdlCaeyaFaExμrRkhm. enAqñaM

dEdlKat; nigbþI )ancakecjBI

RsukkMeNIteTArs;enACMrMsayb‘Í.

Kat;)anrMB£kfa karrs;enACMrMlM)ak

xøHEdr edaysarEteyIgminGac

edIreTANamkNaedayesrI b:uEnþ

cMeBaHes,ógGaharminsUvxVHxat

b:unμaneT eRBaHGgÁkarEckGgár

RsIx eRKÓgeTs[erogral;mYy

GaTitümþg.

bnÞab;BIRbeTsmansux

snþiPaBeBjelj savI nigRKÜsar )anpøas;mkrs;enARsúk

Gnøg;Evg. Kat;)anTijdIbEnßm sRmab;sagsg;pÞH nigeFVI

ERscmáar. erOgr:avEdl)anekIteLIgcMeBaHKat; nigRKÜsar

kñúgrbbExμrRkhm Kat;minmanKMnitKuMKYnenaHeT. savI man

CMenOtamplkmμGñkNaGñksag GñkenaHGñkTTYl. eTaHCa

y:agNa savI EtgEtbn;Rsn;kuM[RbeTsekIts®gÁam nig

GMeBIkab;smøab;mþgeTot eRBaHKat;mincg;Ebk)ak;RKÜsarmþg

eTotenaHeT.

xan; m:arI

suxcitþerobkaredIm,IrkSaCIvitkUn

xan; m:arI nisSitsμ½RKcitþKeRmagmCÄmNÐlsnþiPaBGnøg;Evg

)aneTACYb nigsmÖas savI enApÞHrbs;Kat;kñúgRsukGnøg;Evg

extþ]tþrmanC½y BIbTBiesaFn_Tak;TgnwgrbbExμrRkhm.



Lwk lat CaeQμaHedImrbs;GtItyuT§Cnmñak;Edl

)ancUlrYmclnats‘Ubdivtþn_CamYyExμrRkhm. bnÞab;BIcUl

bdivtþn_enAqñaM1973Lwklat)anpøas;bþÚreTAeQμaHbdivtþn_

fa Lwksl nig)aneRbIrhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñenH.

sl CakUnksikrEdlmanRsukkMeNItenARsuk

R)asaT)aKg extþesomrab. munrbbExμrRkhm sl Ca

ekμgmñak;Edl]sSah_BüayameronsURt. Kat;)anCiHkg;

y:agq¶ayBIpÞHenAXuM)aKg eTAeronenAsalasßitenAkñúgvtþ

lél kñúgextþesomrab. sl )aneronRtwmfñak;TI10b:ueNÑaH

Rsukk¾ekIts®gÁam.

eRkayrdæRbharTmøak;semþc RBHneratþm sIhnu

PUmiRsukrbs; sl rs;enA RtÚv)anRKb;RKgedayExμr

Rkhm. ExμrRkhm)aneFVIkarekogKrRbCaCnyuvCnyuvnarI

[cUlrYmCamYyclnabdivtþn_rbs;xøÜn.

enAqñaM1973 sl nigyuvCn yuvnarIkñúgPUmimYy

cMnYn RtÚv)ankmμaPi)alExμrRkhm eRCIserIs[eFVICaeyaFa

nigbBa¢ÚneTAhat;k,ÜnyuT§sa®sþeyaFa3Ex enAekaHRtLac

Edlsßitkñúgextþesomrab.

sl)an[dwgfa bnÞab;BIhVwkhat;rYcmk Kat;RtÚv)an

fñak;elIcat;taMg[eTAQreCIgenAsmrPUmi. enAsmrPUmi

mñak;²RtÚveRtómxøÜnCaeRsckñúgkarRbyuT§. sl )anrMB£kBI

GarmμN_rbs;Kat;enAeBlenaHR)ab;´fa {eBleTAc,aMgmþg²

´EtgEtmanGarmμN_P½yRBÜy eRBaHfakareFVIs®gÁam KWEtg

Etmansøab; nigmanrs; ebIminEmneK KW´}. enAeBlenaH




GVIEdl´R)afñacg;)an KW sniþPaB

RkúmnisSitsμ½RKcitþ)aneTAeFVITsSnkic©sikSary³eBlbIéf¶enAtMbn;Rbvtþisa®sþGnøg;Evg eRkamkarerobcMrbs;KeRmagmCÄmNÐlsnþiPaBGnøg;Evg



´min)anKitEvgq¶ayeT RKan;Etdwgfa eK[eFVIGI eyIgRtÚvEt

eFVIhñwg ehIyeyIgminGacniyaytv:aGVI)anTaMgGs; eRBaHebI

h‘antv:a eyIgnwgmanerOg.

enAqñaM1975 sl )anrgrbYsF¶n;edaysarRtÚv

GEm,gRKab;kaMePøIg Gwum-79 enAeBlRbyuT§CamYyTahan

ln; nl;. GEm,gRKab;)anxÞatmkRtÚvCitbMBg;krbs;Kat;

ehIy)aneFVI[mansñamEdlbNþal[suxPaBrbs;Kat;cuH

RTúDeRTamrhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñ.

b:unμanExeRkayC½yCmñH sl )anCasHes,Iy

ehIyRtÚv)anGgÁkarpøas;[eTAbeRmIkarenAGgÁPaBkaMePøIgFM

QreCIgenARBMEdnéf. kñúgGgÁPaBrbs;Kat;mansmaCik

12nak; EdlmaneQμaH v:un CaGñkRKb;RKg ¬bc©úb,nñrs;enA

extþkMBg;FM¦. erogral;bIéf¶mþg emRkúmrbs; sl EtgEt

ebIkGgÁRbCuM Gb;rM Tieton nigtamdanskmμPaBkargarrbs;

smaCikRkúm.

eRkABIkargarkgT½B sl nigsmaCikRkúmRtÚveFVI

ERs elIkTMnb; nigCIkRbLaydUcRbCaCnFmμtaEdr.kargar

enH sl )aneFVIrhUtmkdl;qñaM1976. eTaHbICaeyaFak¾

eday k¾ sl min)anrbbGaharhUbcukRKb;RKan;Edr. Tak;

Tgkarsmøab; nigkareFVITaruNkmμenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm sl

)anniyayfa CaTUeTA TaruNkmμ nigkarsmøab;EdlKat;)an

dwg PaKeRcInminsUvekItmaneLIgenAkñúgCYrkgT½BeT b:uEnþeRcIn

ekItmaneLIgcMeBaHRbCaCnFmμta.

qñaM1977km<úCaRbCaFibetyü ekItmans®gÁamépÞ

kñúg rvagPUmiPaKnirtI nig PUmiPaKbUB’a. Cas®gÁammYyEdleFVI

kare)assm¥atTaMgxμaMgxagkñúg k¾dUcCaxμaMgxageRkA. eTaHCa

y:agNa sl enAEtbnþbeRmIkargarkñúgGgÁPaBkgkaMePøIgFM

RbcaMextþ]tþrmanC½ydEdl.

qñaM1978 sl RtÚv)anGgÁPaBcat;[mkeFVICaRKÚ

beRgónkUn²rbs;eyaFa nigkmμaPi)alExμrRkhmvij b:uEnþ

sßitenAkñúgGgÁPaBkaMePøIgFMdEdl.slbeRgónsisSRbmaN

Cag20nak;. karbeRgónsisS Kat;RKan;Etbgðat;ekμg²TaMg

enaHGMBIGkSrExμr BIBüBa¢n³ nigRsH RBmTaMgbeRgónviFIRbkb

GkSr karGan nigkarsresrbnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaH.

qñaM1979 sl )anvayRbyuT§CamYykgT½Bevot

NamenAfñl;Eck RsuksURtniKm extþesomrab. eBlenaH

rfeRkaHrbs;kgT½BevotNam)anvayluky:agxøaMgenAkñúg

TItaMgEdl sl kMBugQreCIg. edaysarkgT½Brbs;evot

NammaneRbóbxøaMgCag eTIbbNþal[xagkgT½Brbs;Exμr

RkhmTb;Tl;minQñH BiesskgkaMePøIgFMrbs; sl )an)ak;

T½BnaMKñart;EbkExJkKñaGs;. sl )anePosxøÜnmkenACYrPñM

eRkam Gs;ry³eBlmYyqñaM.

qñaM1981 sl )aneLIgeTAelICYrPñMdgErk edIm,I

bnþQreCIgkarBarenATIenaH. Kat;kRmcuHBIPñMNas; mYyEx b¤

BIrExeTIbcuHBIPñMmþg eBlcuHBIPñM KWsMedAeTARsukv:arin RsukBYk

nigRsukRsIsñM edIm,IdwkCBa¢ÚnRKab;TuksRmab;RbyuT§tTl;

CamYykgT½BevotNam nigmü:ageTot kñúgeKalbMNgeFVI

skmμPaBGb;rM nigekogKrRbCaCn[RbyuT§RbqaMgCamYynwg

evotNam nigCYypÁt;pÁg;Caes,ógdl;kmøaMgExμrRkhm.

enAqñaM1982 sl )anerobkarenAelIPñMdgErk

CamYynarImñak;eQμaH vYc ln; EdlCaGñkbeRmIkargarenATI

enaHEdr.sl)an[dwgfa eBlenaH Kat;TaMgBIr)anRsLaj;

Kña nig)anyl;citþKña. bnÞab;mk sl )anseRmccitþeTA

R)ab;emRkúmrbs;Kat; edIm,Ierobkar EdlenAkñúgeBlenaH

mancMnYn3KU.

sl )ancUlnivtþn_kñúgqñaM2013 bnÞab;BIKat;)an

eFVICaRKÚbeRgónenAsalabzmsikSaGUrKKIrkNþal. Kitmk

Tl;nwgeBlenH sl manGayu63qñaMehIy. y:agNamij

sl enAEtbnþeFVIkargarksikmμbnþicbnþÜcenApÞH edIm,IrkcMNUl

xøH²CYypÁt;pÁg;dl;CIvPaBrs;enAkñúgRKÜsar. CacugeRkay

GVIEdl sl b:gR)afñaFMCageKbMputsRmab;CIvitrbs;Kat;

KWÉkraCPaB nigsnþiPaBenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa.

eRBÓn bBaØarI

yay em:A yn; Gayu60qñaM manRsukkMeNItenA

PUmiCb; XuMCb;taRtav RsukGgÁrFM extþesomrab nigta mI lwm

manGayu70qñaM. GñkTaMgBIrrs;enAkñúgPUmiRseLAeRsag

XuMlMTg RsukGnøg;Evg extþ]tþrmanC½y. tayayman

kUncMnYnbYnnak;. yay em:A yn; )anerobrab;BIdMeNIr

CIvitrbs;Kat;Edl)anqøgkat;kñ úgrbbExμrRkhmdUcxag

eRkam °

sßitenAkñúgPUmiCb; XuMCb;taRtav RsukGgÁrFM extþ

esomrab yay yn; rs;enAkñúgRKÜsarksikrmYyEdlman

CIvPaBsmrmü. kñúgv½yRbmaN15qñaM KWcMeBlEdlExμr

RkhmvaydeNþIm)anC½yCmñHBIkgT½Brbs;elakesnaRbmux

ln; nl; enAéf¶TI17 Exemsa qñaM1975. GVI²EdlCakar

rMBwgTukrbs;RbCaCnkm<úCaTUTaMgRbeTsfa s®gÁamnwgRtÚv

)anbBa©b;enaH va)anERbkøayeTACaPaBpÞúyRsLHeTAvij.

RbEhlCabIem:ageRkayrMedaH ExμrRkhm)anCemøósRbCa

Cn[ecjBITIRkúg [eTArs;enAtambNþaextþnana edayyk

elsfa xøackgT½Brbs;GaemrikmkTmøak;RKab;EbkkñúgTIRkúg.

RbCaCnEdlrs;enATIRkúgTaMgGs;)anbgçMcitþcakecjBIpÞH

sEm,grbs;xøÜn edayerobcMsmÖarrbs;rbrsRmab;hUb

cukbnþicbnþÜceTAtamxøÜn ehIyeFVIdMeNIredayefμIreCIgeTA

tamTisedAerog²xøÜn. cMeBaHRbCaCnEdlmanbgb¥Únrs;

enATICnbTRsab; mankargayRsÜlkñúgkarBwgBak; sñak;

GaRs½yCamYyeBlEdlxøÜneTAdl;. b:uEnþ cMeBaHRbCaCn

Edlrs;enAkñúgTIRkúgPñMeBj ehIyKμanbgb¥ÚnenAtamTICnbT

vij KWBitCamankarlM)akxøaMgNas;. minyUrb:unμan enAeBl

EdlRbCaCn ¬Gñk17emsa¦ eTAdl;TICnbTPøam ExμrRkhm

dMeNIrCIvitqøgkat;rbbExμrRkhm

mas suCa nisSitsμ½RKcitþKeRmagmCÄmNÐlsnþiPaBGnøg;Evg )aneTACYb nigsmÖasyay em:A yn; BIbTBiesaFn_kñúgrbbExμrRkhm kñúgGMLúgeBlcuH

eTAeFVITsSnkic©sikSary³eBlbIéf¶ enAtMbn;Rbvtþisa®sþGnøg;Evg extþ]tþrmanC½y






)anRbmUlyksmÖar nigrbs;rbreRbIR)as;EdlCaRTBü

sm,tþipÞal;xøÜn ykeTAdak;eFVICasm,tþirYmenAkEnøgmYyEdl

eKehAfa {shkrN_}. RTBüsm,tþirbs;RKÜsaryay yn;

k¾RtÚv)anExμrRkhmRbmUlykGs;Edr.

kñúgPUminImYy² maneragshkrN_RbEhlCaBIr b¤bI

kEnøg GaRs½yeTAelITMhMrbs;PUmi nigcMnYnRbCaCnEdlrs;

enA. enAkñúgpÞHrbs;RbCaCnnasm½ykalenaH KWKμanrbs;GVI

EdlsMxan; nigmantémøeRkABIkMesovdaMTwkd¾kBa©as;mYy

Etb:ueNÑaH. yay yn; rYmCamYyGñkPUmidéTeTot RtÚv

)anRbFanPUmiEdleTIbEt)aneRCIstaMgfμIedayGgÁkarExμr

Rkhm )ancat;taMg[eFVIkargarbgábegáInpl elIkTMnb; elIk

PøWERs tamEpnkarrbs;fñak;elIdak;[. RbCaCnmñak;²RtÚv

elIkPøWERsy:agehacNas;15Em:Rt ebIsinCaeFVIminTan;

enaHKμansiT§iQb;sRmak nighUb)ayeLIy. cMeBaHyay

yn; )anxitxMts‘U RbwgERbgBüayameFVIkargarenaHTal;Et

)anseRmctamEpnkar. cMENkGaharEdleFVI[RbCa

CnhUbvij KWbbrBIrEvkrav²suT§EtTwkesÞIrEtrkRKab;Ggár

Kμan niglayCamYybNþÚleck eRbóbdUcCabbrsRmab;[

stVRCÚkEdr.

Caerogral;éf¶ yay yn; xMRbwgeFVIkargar)aneTog

Tat; eRBaHyayCaGñkERscmáarRsab; b:uEnþ BitCaKYr[

GaNitcMeBaHGñkEdlFøab;rs;enAkñúgTIRkúg EdlFøab;Et

hUbGaharRKb;RKan; q¶aj;² ehIyminFøab;TTYlrgnUvkargar

enOyht;EbbenH KWBitCalM)akNas;. RbCaCnfμI min)an

hUbEq¥t nigminGacTb;Tl;CamYynwgGakasFatuxageRkA

)anbNþal[ekItCMgW EtKμanfñaMeBTüBüa)al KμanGñkenAemIl

Ef KWrg;caMEtéf¶søab;b:ueNÑaH.

enAqñaM1976 yay yn; )anEbkBI«Bukmþay

edayExμrRkhm)ancat;taMg[eTAeroneBTüEpñkqμbenAPUmi

PaKnirtI. karN_EdlbBa¢Únyay[eTAeronenH KWedIm,ICYy

sRmalkUn[RbBn§rbs;eyaFaExμrRkhm. kñúgeBlEdl

elakyaykMBugbMeBjkargarCaqμbenAÉGgÁPaB Kat;eXIj

TidæPaBd¾éRBépSrbs;eyaFaExμrRkhmeTAelIkumarEdleTIb

ekItecjBIépÞmþay nigkumarEdlmanGayuRbmaN6-7qñaM

RtÚv)aneyaFaExμrRkhmvayTmøak;eTAkñúgreNþA. rIÉkumar

tUc² EdlkMBugEtedklk;kñúgGRgwg RtÚv)anExμrRkhme)aH

eLIgeTAxagelI ehIyFøak;mkdI ERskyMkgrMBg eBareBj

edaykþIQWcab;munnwgExμrRkhmsmøab;ecal kñúgxN³Edl

«Bukmþayrbs;ekμgTaMgenaHeTAbMeBjkargarenAERsq¶ay.

yay yn; )anR)ab;[dwgfa TegVIEdlExμrRkhm

eFVIEbbenHeTAelIkumar² edayExμrRkhm)anKitfa kumarTaMg

enH ebITukenAk¾\tRbeyaCn_ eRBaHkumar²TaMgenHmin)anCYy

eFVIkargar RsbeTAnwgBakümYyXøaEdlGgÁkarEtgniyay

CaerOy²fa {Tukk¾mincMeNj dkecjk¾minxat}. yay

yn; )anGHGagfa kareFVIEbbenH KWsßitenAeRkambBa¢arbs;

fñak;dwknaM ¬tam:uk¦. yay yn; )aneXIjTidæPaBEbbenH

esÞIrral;éf¶. luHdl;eBl«Bukmþayrbs;kumarmkBIeFVIERs

vij mineXIjkUn² EtgyMesake)akxøÜn ehIymankarxwg

sm,ar nigKuMKYnCamYyExμrRkhmCaxøaMg Etk¾minh‘aneFVIkar

tv:aEdr. eTaHbIelakyay minFøab;)anTTYlkarvayeFVI

)abBIsMNak;eyaFaExμrRkhmedaypÞal;k¾eday Etyay

eFVIcitþmin)annwgTTYlyknUvPaBéRBépSEdlyay)aneXIj

pÞal;EPñknUvTegVIrbs;ExμrRkhm eFVImkelIkumartUc²TaMgGs;

enH)aneT.

RbmaNCabIExeRkaymk yay yn; k¾)anseRmc

citþrt;ecjBIGgÁPaB mkrs;enAkñúgextþesomrab nig)anmk

eFVIkargarelIkPøWERsCamYyGñkPUmiCaFmμtavij. b:unμanéf¶

eRkaymk GñkdwknaMrbs;yay rYmCamYyTahanExμrRkhm

enAtMbn; )ancuHmkehAyay yn; [eTAeFVIkarenAkEnøgedIm

vij b:uEnþyay)anRbEkk. eBlenaH eyaFaExμrRkhmmñak;

)anykkaMePøIgmkP¢g;yay yn; nig)anKMramsmøab;.

eBlenaHyay yn; )anniyayeTAkan;eyaFaExμrRkhmfa

{ebI´)aneFVIGVIxus sUmelak)aj;smøab;´cuH EtebI´Kμan

eTaseT sUmelakkuMsmøab;´GI}. eRkayBIeyaFaExμr




Rkhm)anB¤yay yn; niyaydUecñHehIy k¾)anTmøak;

kaMePøIgcuH ehIy)an[yayyn; eTAeFVIkarkñúgkgnarIvij.

enAkñúgkgnarI yay yn; mannaTICaGñkdwkCBa¢Ún

es,ógGahar eRKÓgsBVavuF edIm,IykeTApÁt;pÁg;dl;kgT½B

EdlkMBugEteFVIs®gÁamRbqaMgTb;Tl;CamYykgT½BrNsirS

samKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa rYmCamYykgT½BevotNam. kargar

enH yay yn; RtÚveFVIdMeNIredayefμIreCIg kat;éRB nigkat;

val. yayedkenARKb;TIkEnøg eBlemXPøWRtÚveFVIdMeNIr

bnþeTotrhUtdl;TisedAEdl)ankMNt;.

RbEhlCaBIrExeRkaymk kgT½BrNsirSsamKÁI

se®gÁaHCatikm<úCaEdlKaMRTedaykgT½BevotNam )anvay

ykC½yCmñHTaMgRsugelIExμrRkhmenAéf¶TI7 Exmkra qñaM

1979.

enAeBlenaH emdwknaMExμrRkhm rYmman b:ul Bt/

tam:uk/ sun esn rYmCamYyeyaFaExμrRkhm nigRKÜsarrbs;

eyaFaCaeRcInRKÜsareTotEdlkñúgenaHmanyay yn; mñak;

Edr )annaMKñart;eKcxøÜneTArs;enAelIPñMdgErk.

CIvitrs;enAelIkMBUlPñMdgErk xusKñaRsLHBIkarrs;

enAkñúgRsúkPUmikMeNItEdleBareBjeTAedayPaBP½yxøac

¬1975-1979¦. karrs;enAelIkMBUlPñMdgErk RbCaCn

manGaharsRmab;hUbcukRKb;RKan;Edl)anTTYlkar]btßmÖ

BIsMNak;emdwknaMExμrRkhm. tYnaTICakgnarIrbs;yayyn;

RtÚv)anbBa©b;. eBlenaH yayRtÚv)ancat;taMg[eFVICa

GñkemIlEfTaMekμgkMRBavij. yay yn; mancitþGaNit

ekμg²kMRBaTaMgGs;enaHNas; ekμgTaMgenaHRtÚv)an)at;bg;

«Bukmþay edaysarEtkardwknaMrbs;ExμrRkhm. rUbKat;pÞal;

k¾RtÚvEbk)ak;BI«BukmþayCaTIRsLaj; RBat;R)as;bgb¥Ún

rbs;xøÜn EtyayEbkBIRKÜsareBlEdlKat;manv½yFM dwg

xusRtÚvCagekμg²TaMgGs;enH. yaymancm¶l;fa {ehtuGI

)anCaemdwknaMExμrRkhm EbrCaykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHRbCa

Cn nigrUbKat;edaypþl;Caes,ógGaharRKb;RKan; nigmin

mankarKMramkMEhg KWpÞúyRsLHBIkardwknaMkalBImun ¬BIqñaM

1975-1979¦.

yay yn; )anrs;enAelIkMBUlPñMdgErkenH rhUt

dl;kgT½BrdæaPi)alvaycUlmk ehIyemdwknaMExμrRkhm

)annaMKñart;cUleTAkñúgTwkdIéfGs; eTIbKat;vilRtLb;mkrs;

enARsukkMeNItkñúgextþesomrabvij. eBlmkdl;Rsuk

kMeNIt elakyaymin)anCYbCuM«Bukmþay nigbgb¥Únrbs;

Kat;eT edayGñkRsukEdlrs;enATIenaH)anR)ab;fa «Bukmþay

rbs;Kat;)ansøab;Gs;ehIy. cMENkdIERsEdlCaekrrbs;

«BukmþayRtÚvemPUmilYcykeFVICakmμsiT§ixøÜn eBlenaHelak

yayKμanesssl;GVITaMgGs;. enAqñaM1996 yay yn;

)anseRmccakecjBIextþesomrab ehIymkrs;enAÉPUmi

RseLAeRsag XuMlMTg RsukGnøg;Evg extþ]tþrmanC½yvij

rhUtmkdl;sBVéf¶.

kar)at;bg;éRBeQI énRsukGnøg;Evg

extþ]tþrmanC½y kalBIedImeLIy KWsßitenAkñúgextþ

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RKb;RKgRbeTs smaCikRKÜsarrbs; suIm minman

sMNagdUc suIm eT. GñkTaMgGs;KñaRtÚvGgÁkar

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ehIycMeBaHmðÚbGaharvij KWminxVHxateT.

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)aneKcxøÜnecjBIeyaFaExμrRkhm RtLb;mkRsukkMeNIt

enAf<gvij. Kat;)anCYbCuMRKÜsarvij nig)ansμ½RKcitþcUleFVI

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rbbExμrRkhm

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sPaBs¶at;RCgM ehIyh‘umB½T§eTAedayéRBRkas;² nigman

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manCIvPaBFmμta nigeFVIERscmáaredIm,IciBa©wmCIvit EtKat;Bit

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suIm R)ab; CamYynwgGarmμN_esaksþayfa eBlenH éRBeQI

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plsMNag


elx205 Exmkra qñaM2017 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav

34

dMNwgEsVgrkBU nigmIgnagéQμaH kb davI CakUnrbs;elak«BukeQμaH eBA kb. «BukékItenA

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man«BukeQμaH eBA kan; nigmþayeQμaH G‘u¿ qin.

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Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmsmøab;.

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raMg. BIreTAbIExeRkaymk eyOn RtÚv)anbBa¢Ún[eTAeFVICa

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deNþImTIRkúgPñMeBj kgBlrbs; eyOn RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTA

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FM63 cMNuHkgBlTI3. GñkdwknaMFM²enAkñúgkgvresnatUc

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nigGnuRbFaneQμaH ta jan;. eRkaymkta jan; )aneLIg

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TUrs½BÞelx³ ¬855¦ ¬23¦211875

TUrs½BÞelx³ ¬855¦ ¬12¦996750

TUrsarelx³ ¬855¦ ¬23¦210358

Email: [email protected]

Home page: www.d.dccam.org

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begáItrdæRbharenHeLIgEdr. elakRbFan)anrMB£ksakSI[

eqøIysMNYr ehIykuMniyaynUvGVIEdlKat; ¬sakSI¦min)andwg.

sakSIBuM)andwgfa bnÞayTahanelx27 mancm¶ay

b:unμanenaHeT ehIyRtg;cMNucenHelakecARkm LaEvj

TamTar[mankarBnül;[)anek,aHk,ayGMBItYnaTIrbs;bnÞay

TahanenH EdlvamanTItaMgsßitenAkñúgtMbn;rbs;evotNam.

sakSI)anCYb esa Pwm edaypÞal; b:uEnþKat;min)anniyayGMBI

bBaðaevotNamCamYy esa Pwm enaHeT. BYkeyIgmin)an

BiPakSaGMBIbBaðaneya)ay b¤EpnkaryuT§sa®sþeyaFaGVI

enaHeT enHebItamcemøIyrbs;sakSI.

sakSIbnþfa Qun minEmnCasmaCikrbs;RkúmkmμaPi

)alPUmiPaKbUB’aenaHeT. CafμImþgeTotelakRbFan)anrMB£k

karENnaMrbs;Kat; [)anCak;lak;CagmuneTAkan;sakSI.

sakSIk¾bBa¢ak;mþgeTotfa Kat;min)andwgGMBIB½t’manlm¥itTak;

TgnwgKeRmagkarenaHeT. elakecARkm LaEvj )anbnþsYr

GMBI]sμ½nBulEdl)anelIkeLIgkñúgsarTUrelx. sakSI)an

eqøIyfa enAkñúgmnÞIreBTümanGñkrbYsCaeRcIn ehIymancMnYn

Gñksøab;tictYcNas; dUecñHKat;minEdleXIjmankareRbI

R)as;]sμ½nBulenaHeT.

Tak;TgnwgEpnkarrbs; esa Pwm kñúgkarCYbCamYy

evotNam sakSI)anRsaybMPøWfa esa Pwm min)anniyay

GMBIbBaðaenHCamYyKat;eT.

elakecARkm LaEvj )ansaksYrbnþfa etImankar

shkarKñarvagkgkmøaMgrbs; Ek Bk nigkgkmøaMgrbs;

evotNamEdrb¤eT?sakSItbfa enAkñúgdMNak;kalbnÞab;mk

eTot evotNam)anvayRbharkm<úCa ehIykmøaMgrbs;

mCÄim )anQreCIgenAsmrPUmieRkay RsbeBlEdlkmøaMg

PUmiPaKbUB’aQreCIgenAsmrPUmimux. enAkñúgeBlenaH kmøaMg

rbs;mCÄim)anvayRbhareTAelIkgkmøaMgrbs;xø ÜnÉg.

elakRbFan)anENnaM[sakSIpþl;cemøIy[)anc,as;las;.

karshkarrvagsakSI nigevotNam

elakecARkm LaEvj )ansaksYGMBIcMnYnkgkmøaMg

EdlzitenAeRkambBa¢aBIsakSIcab;BIéf¶TI25 Ex]sPa qñaM

1978. sakSI)aneqøIyfa kgkmøaMgTaMgenaHmkBIkgBltUc

elx4 EdlkñúgenaHmanTahan300nak; mkBIkgT½BefμIreCIg

EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;



nig40nak;epSgeTot mkBIkgT½BBiess. karRbyuT§cab;

epþImtaMgBIéf¶TI25 ]sPa qñaM1978 rhUtdl;Exvicäika qñaM

dEdlenH. sakSImin)andwgGMBIkarePosxøÜnrbs;kmμaPi)al

ExμreTAkan;evotNamenaHeT. enAExvicäika qñaM1978 sakSI

)anTak;TgCamYynwgTahanevotNam.

BYkeKTaMgenaHCasRtÚvrbs;´. enAkñúgdMNak;kal

dMbUg BYkeyIgRbyuT§CamYyevotNam. bnÞab;mkrdæRbhar

)anekIteLIg ehIyBYkeyIgcab;epþImRbyuT§CamYykgkmøaMg

xøÜnÉgvijmþg. sakSI)ancgcaMmnusS2nak;EdlQrenA

xagevotNamKW kuy evog nig Tit. sakSIk¾)anCYbCamYy

ehgsMrin/ G‘uk b‘uneQOn rYmCamYy b:ulsaerOn pgEdr.

elakecARkm LaEvj )ansaksYrGMBItYnaTIrbs;

sakSIenAeBlEdlrNsirSRtÚv)anbegáIteLIg. sakSI)an

eqøIyfa Kat;)ancakecjBIkm<úCa eTAkan;sßanIyb:UlIs Long

Xuyen. eRkaymkeTot Kat;RtÚv)annaMykeTAbnÞayeyaFa

enA Long Giao ehIybnÞab;mkeTot sakSI)anRtLb;mk

km<úCavij.sakSIeTATTYlGñkeTass®gÁamBIextþkMBg;FM Edl

Kat;RtÚvbeRgónGñkTaMgenaHGMBIeKalneya)ayrNsirS.

GñkTaMgenaHRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚnmkBIesomrab nigkMBg;

FM. eKalbMNgkñúgkarGb;rMTUnμannaeBlenaH KWedIm,IENnaM

BYkeK[eFVIGMeBIl¥. RbFanenAeBlenaHKWCaCnCatievotNam

ehIyCnCatievotNamenaH KWCanayTIcat;karpgEdr.

karGb;rMTUnμannaeBlenaH KWRtÚv)anGnuBaØatedayeKal

neya)ayrNsirS. evotNam)anpþl;kic©karkñúgkarTUnμan

mnusSGMBIeKalneya)ayrNsirSenHmk[PaKIkm<úCa. BYk

eKenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;evotNam ehIysakSIKWCa

GnuRbFanEtmYyKt;naeBlenaH.

BYkeKRbmUlCnsuIvil400nak; EdlmkBIextþ

epSg²Kña EdlGñkTaMgenaHCakmμaPi)alsuIvil mkBIkgGnu

esnatUc nigkgGnuesnaFM. sakSIzitenACMrMGb;rMkmμaPi)al

ehIymankarExVgKMnitKñaCaeRcIn)anekIteLIgTak;TgnwgeKal

neya)ayenH.

karXuMXaMg

enAqñaM1979sakSI)aneFVIdMeNIreTAeBaF×sat; CamYy

Tahan5nak; edIm,IEsVgrkRKÜsarrbs;Kat;EdlRtÚv)an

Cemøósecjeday b:ul Bt. bnÞab;mkenAqñaM1980sakSI

RtÚv)aneKXuMxøÜnGs;ry³eBl8Ex. ´RtÚv)anecaTRbkan;

BIbTb:unb:grt;ePosxøÜneTAbreTs sakSIRtÚv)anecaTsYr

dEdl²GMBImUlehtuEdlKat;eTAextþeBaF×sat;. evotNam

ElgeCOTukcitþ´eTotehIy. sakSIRtÚv)aneKecaTRbkan;

fa cg;rt;ePosxøÜneTARbeTséf. sßanPaBenAkñúgBn§naKar

KWGaRkk;xøaMgNas;. ´minman)ayhUbeT eBlxøH´RtÚvhUb

GMbil b¤k¾KμanGVIhUbesaHk¾manEdr. Bn§naKarenAeBlenaH

KWzitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;evotNam. ´BitCaxkcitþ

xøaMgNas;. ´)anecjBIrbbmYy ehIyFøak;cUleTAkñúgrbb

mYyepSgeTot.

GnItiPaB

sakSIminGaccMNaMkmμaPi)alemdwknaM EdleTAtMbn;

enaH)aneT. sakSIbnþfa eKalneya)ayminRtÚv)ansay

Paydl;Kat;enaHeT edayKitfaKat;CaGtItTahan ln; nl;

ehIyCaeBTüTahansRmab;Büa)almnusSEtb:ueNÑaH. sakSI

)an[dwgfa manmnusS)at;xøÜn b:uEnþKat;mindwgfaGñkTaMgenaH

eTATINaenaHeT. ´min)andwgBIeKalneya)ayrbs;BYkeK

enAeBlenaHeT. enAkñúgsm½ykm<úCaRbCaFibetyü KμanCn

CatievotNameT ehIysakSIk¾mindwgBIeKalneya)ay

Tak;TgnwgCnCaticamEdr.

Rtg;cMNucenHelakecARkm LaEvj bBa©b;karsak

sYrrbs;Kat; ehIypþl;naTIenHeTAshRBHraCGaCJa.

esa Pwm

shRBHraCGaCJaCati esg lag )ansYrGMBIcMnYn

mnusSCMnitrbs; esa Pwm . sakSItbfa mnusSCMnitrbs;

esa Pwm man5nak; kñúgenaHEdrsakSIcgcaMEteQμaH cWg nig

yWk b:ueNÑaH sakSImincaM ng suIm nig C½y enaHeT. cWg nig

G‘ug RtÚvCakμÜyrbs;sakSI k¾b:uEnþBYkeKTaMgBIrnak;)ansøab;



)at;eTAehIy.

shRBHraCGaCJa lag )ansMedAeTAelIbTsmÖasn_

kalBIéf¶TI9 ExkBaØa qñaM2015 rvag ng suIm nigmCÄ

mNÐlÉksarkm<úCa ehIy)ansYreTAkan;sakSIGMBIkal

briecäTEdlsakSIRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAsmrPUmimuxkñúgqñaM1978.

tamcemøIyrbs;sakSI Kat;RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAeFVICaeBTüTahan

enAsmrPUmimuxenAcugqñaM1977 ehIyKat;caMmin)aneTfa

Kat;eTAdl;smrPUmimux)anb:unμanem:agmuneBlEdlevotNam

vayRbharkm<úCa. embBa¢akarkgvresnaFMelx156 Ca

Gñkpþl;karENnaM ehIymanEtmnusS6nak;b:ueNÑaHEdl

enAkñúgGgÁPaBeBTünaeBlenaH.

shRBHraCGaCJa lag )anbnþsYreTAkan;sakSIfa

etIehtuGVI)anCaeKbBa¢ÚneBTüTahan[eTAvayRbharbnÞay

Tahan? kgvresnaFM RtÚv)anEbgEckecjCakgvresna

FMelx 154/ 155 nig 156. muneBlEdlkgvresnaFM

elx156 eTAsmrPUmi BYkeKRtÚvbBa¢ÚnRkúmQøbeTAemIl

sßankarN_Camunsin.

shRBHraCGaCJa)anbnþsaksYrGMBI embBa¢akarrg

QWn. sakSI)anbBa¢ak;fa QWn RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAmnÞIreBTü

B-2 EdlsßitenAkñúgPUmiPaK. enAeBlenaHmanmnusS

4nak; EdlCaemdwknaM. enAeBlEdlkgkmøaMgGnuesnaFM

elx165 dkfy eKalbMNgrbs;BYkeKKWedIm,ITb;Tl;

CamYyevotNamEdlcUlkñúgTwkdIkm<úCa. embBa¢akarnImYy²

RtÚvmanyuT§viFIerOg²xøÜn. GgÁPaBrbs;sakSImin)aneRbI

RKab;mIn b¤dak;cRmÚgGVIenaHeT. enAeBlEdlevotNam

vaycUlmk GgÁPaBrbs;sakSIrvl;enAsmrPUmimux ehIy

kgkmøaMgTaMgGs;RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAsmrPUmimux Kμanesssl;

mñak;NaenaHeLIy.

enAeBlEdlevotNamsRmúkcUl KμankgkmøaMg

sRmab;Tb;Tl;CamYyevotNamenApøÚvelx7enaHeT EdlenA

eBlenaH kgvresnaFMelx155 nig 156 CaGñkEdlRtÚv

Tb;Tl;CamYyevotNam. enAeBlEdlvaycUlmk evotNam

)aneRbIkaMePøIgFunFM. evotNameRbIkgkmøaMgsMxan;rbs;eK

edIm,IsRmúkcUlmk. enAeBlenaH mankarEbgEckkgkmøaMg




rfeRkaHrbs;kgT½BevotNam RtÚv)ankgT½Bbdivtþn_ExμrRkhm)aj;eqHkñúgGMLúgeBlvayRbyuT§Kña enAsmrPUmiextþsVayerog enAExFñÚ qñaM1977

sRmab;Tb;Tl;nwgkarvaylukrbs;evotNam. ebIsinCa

TahanevotNamcUlkan;EteRCA kgkmøaMgmCÄimRtÚvCYyTb;

sáat; nigRbyuT§CamYyevotNamenAtMbn;enaH. Tahan

evotNam mankarP½yxøaccMeBaHsßankarN_EbbenH dUecñH

ehIyeTIbBYkeKdkT½Becj.

kmμaPi)al

bnÞab;BIsRmak shRBHraCGaCJa lag )anbgðaj

rUbft2snøwkdl;sakSIedIm,IEsVgyl;fa etIsakSIsÁal;

mnusS2nak;kñúgrUbenHEdrb¤eT. rUbftenHRtÚv)anGnuBaØat

[ykmkeRbIR)as;enAkñúgGgÁCMnuMCRmHbnÞab;BImankarBiPakSa

KñaBIGgÁecARkm. tamry³rUbft )anbgðajBIbursmñak;Edl

QrBImuxxÞmmYy ehIyshRBHraCGaCJa)ansYreTAkan;sakSI

etIKat;enAcgcaMmnusSEdlenAkñúgrUbftenHEdrb¤eT. sakSI

)aneqøIyfa mñak;enaHKW nIm EdlRbEhlCaGñkebIkLan

rbs; esa Pwm .

rUbftbnÞab;bgðajBI Gwug EdlCaGñkeFVIkarCamYy

jwm. shRBHraCGaCJa lag )anGanbTsmÖasn_rbs; ng

nIm EdleroberogedaymCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa edIm,I

emIlBIRbtikmμrbs;sakSI. sakSI)aneqøIyfa Kat;RKan;Et

dwgfa ng nIm CaGñkebIkLanrbs; esa Pwm b:ueNÑaH ehIy nIm

dwgerOgeRcInNas;.

sakSI)anbnþeTotfa Kat;min)anBiPakSaCamYy Guwg

eRcInenaHeT.

shRBHraCGaCJa lag )anGanesckþIsRmg;BIbT

smÖasn_rbs; Guwg. enARtg;cMNucenHelakecARkm LaEvj

)anbdiesFcMeBaHsRmg;enaH nigsYrrkÉksareyagrbs;

va.sRmg;enaHsMedAelIsMbuRtepJI.

GgÁCMnu MCRmHRtÚv)anpþl;[shRBHraCGaCJaGnþr

Catielak nIkULas KaMcan;. sakSI)anbnþfa manTahan

cMnYn120nak; enAeRkamkarbBa¢arbs;Kat; ehIyKat;KWCa

TahanenAkñúgkgvresnaFM b:uEnþKat;minEmnCasmaCikbkS

enaHeT.

sakSIk¾)anbnþfa mankaredaHdUrrvagkm<úCaeRkam

nigkm<úCapgEdr ehIyRtg;cMNucenH sakSI)anbBa¢ak;fa

Kat;minEmnsMedAelIkaredaHdUrRbCaCnenaHeT b:uEnþCakar

edaHdUresdækic©eTAvijeT.

shRBHraCGaCJa KaMcan; )ansYrbnþfa etIenAGgÁPaB

rbs;sakSImanviTüúEdrb¤eT?sakSI)aneqøIyfa muneBlEdl

manrdæRbharekIteLIgkñúgqñaM1978 KμanviTüúeyaFaenAmnÞIr

eBTüenaHeT.

shRBHraCGaCJa KaMcan; )anbnþsYrfa etIsakSI

)andwgBIeKalneya)ayxøHEdrb¤eT? sakSI)anRsaybMPøW

fa GgÁPaBrbs;Kat; KWsRmab;CYyse®gÁaHCIvit dUecñHBYk

Kat;minEdl)anTTYlTsSnavdþIGVIenaHeT.sakSIk¾minFøab;enA

mUldæansVayerogEdr ehIyenAmunqñaM1977 sakSIQr

eCIgenAPUmiL extþt,ÚgXμúM.

BYkeKBüa)alTahanEdlmanrbYsRsalenAsm

rPUmi ehIynwgTahanEdlmanrbYsF¶n;enAmnÞIreBTü.

TahanevotNamQreCIgenAbnÞayTahanelx

27. sakSIRtÚv)andwkeday]T§mÖaKcRkeTAkan;TIRkúghUCImij

enAExvicäika qñaM1978.

shRBHraCGaCJa KaMcan; )anbnþsYrBImnusSmñak;

eQμaH Lay eLg b:uEnþsakSIminsÁal;mñak;enaHeT. shRBH

raCGaCJa KaMcan; )anGansRmg;EdldkRsg;BIkarpþl;skçIkmμ

rbs;sakSI EdlsakSI)anniyayfa BYkeK)andutpÞHrbs;

evotNam ehIyvayRbhareBTüeyaFaevotNamEfmeTot

pg. bnÞayTahan27 manTItaMgenAq¶ayBIPUmi ehIysakSI

min)andwgfa kgkmøaMgTisnirtINamYy CaGñkvayRbhar

evotNamenaHeT.

manTahanCaeRcInRtÚvrbYsenAsmrPUmi b:uEnþKμan

nrNamñak;søab;enaHeT.

kare)assm¥atPUmiPaKbUB’a

shRBHraCGaCJa KaMcan; )anelIkeLIgGMBIkarcab;

xøÜnTahanCaeRcInnak;enAéf¶TI25 Ex]sPa qñaM1978.



sakSI)aneqøIyfa GñkEdlRtÚv)ancab;xøÜnTaMgenaHsuT§EtCa

embBa¢akareyaFaPUmiPaKbUB’a. ebIsinCaembBa¢akarRtÚv)an

cab;xøÜn kgkmøaMgnwgcuHexSay. shRBHraCGaCJa KaMcan;

)anbnþsYrfa etIsakSImann½ydUcemþcenAeBlsakSIerob

rab;éf¶TI25 Ex]sPa Caéf¶eFVIrdæRbhar ehIycat;Tuk b:ul

Bt CaCnk,t;enaH? sakSI)anBnül;faBYkeK)anbBa¢Ún

TahanmCÄimEdldwknaMeday Ek Bk edIm,Icab;xøÜnmnusSCa

eRcIn enHehIyCamUlehtuEdleFVI[Kat;cat;Tuk b:ul Bt Ca

Cnk,t;.

dMbUgeLIy kgkmøaMgPUmiPaKbUB’aRtÚv)ancat;[Qr

eCIgenARBMEdnedIm,IRbyuT§CamYyTahanevotNam. Tahan

rbs; Ek Bk QreCIgenAsÞwg nigkEnøg2epSgeTot. BYkeK

RtÚvbBa¢ÚneTATIenaHedIm,ICaCMnYydl;kmøaMgPUmiPaKbUB’a b:uEnþ

BYkeKTaMgenaHEbrCacab;mnusSeTAvij. karcab;xøÜnkmμaPi)al

enH KWenAkñúgqñaM1978.

esa Pwm )ansYrsakSIGMBIsßankarN_enARBMEdnmux

ehIysakSI)antbeTA esa Pwm vijfa sßankarN_minl¥

enaHeT. sakSI)anBnül;fa Kat;cg;bBa©úHbBa©ÚlTahanrbs;

Kat;edayniyayfa xül;bkminxøaMgb:unμanenaHeT b:uEnþman

edImeQIdYlrlM RBmTaMgBüúHenARbeTscinEfmeTotpg.

enAeBlEdlsakSIcakecjBIsmrPUmi KWenArdUv

kalRBHcnÞeBjvg; sakSI)anR)ab; esa Pwm BIsßankarN_

eyaFanaeBlenaH ehIysakSIminFøab;B¤ esa Pwm niyayBI

karpþÜlrMlM b:ul Bt enaHeT. sakSImin)anerobrab;BIPaB

esμaHRtg;rbs; esa Pwm cMeBaHKat;enaHeT. shRBHraC

GaCJa KaMcan; )ansYrbnþeTotfa etI esa Pwm manFøab;Büayam

eRCIserIsKat;Edrb¤eT edayKat;CaTahanenAPUmiPaKbUB’a

RBmTaMgCasac;jatinwgKñaeTotpg. sakSI )aneqøIyfa

Kat;minFøab;)andwgB¤cMeBaHerOgenHenaHeT.

tamcemøIyrbs;sakSI sakSIminEdl)aneXIjkar

cab;xøÜnenaHeT. enAeBlEdlshRBHraCGaCJa KaMcan; sYr

GMBITahanFIvKI Edl)anrt;ePosxøÜntamRBMEdn. elak

RbFan)aneFVIkarbdiesF ehIybnþfa enAkñúgkarbkERbKW

minEmnTahanTYrKIenaHeT. sakSI)anyl;Rsbfa BitCa

manTahanFIvKIenAkñúgsm½yExμrRkhmEmn b:uEnþsakSIBuM)an

dwgfa TahanFIvKIenH mktMbn;rbs;Kat;enaHeT.

embBa¢akarRtÚv)anekaHehA[cUlrYmGgÁRbCuMenA

RkaMg ehIymanEtsakSImñak;b:ueNÑaHEdlmin)aneTAcUlrYm

kñúgGgÁRbCuMnaeBlenaH BIeRBaHKat;RtÚvenAsmrPUmimux.

karekaHehAeTARbCuMminEmnCakarBitenaHeT embBa¢a

karTaMgenaHRtÚv)ancab;xøÜn. sm EdlmkBIGnuesnatUc

RtÚv)aneKbBa¢a[lutCgÁg;enAkñúgGNþÚg ehIyKat;)anepøaH

GNþÚg nigrt;eKcxøÜn)at;eTA. sM RtÚv)aneK)aj;[rbYsRtg;

éd ehIyKat;)anmkrk´nwgR)ab;´BIerOgEdlmnusSTaMgGs;

RtÚv)aneKsmøab;. eRkaymk sakSI)anehAGñkenAeRkam

bgÁab;rbs;Kat;mkcUlrYmRbCuM. TahankgvresnatUcxøHmin

RBmcUlrYmkñúgkarRbyuT§enaHeT. ´bBa©úHbBa©ÚlBYkeK[cUl

rYmRbyuT§CamYynwgTahanmCÄim ehIymanEtTahan300

nak;b:ueNÑaHEdlRBmmkCamYy´.

karrs;enAkñúgéRB

sakSI)an)at;bg;karTak;Tg ehIyGñkEdleTACamYy

Kat;suT§EtCaTahanEdlmkBIsmrPUmi. shRBHraCGaCJa




kgT½Bbdivtþn_ExμrRkhm kMBugyamkarBarenAtameqñrsmuRT

KaMcan; )ansYrfa etIKat;yl;c,as;Edrb¤eT EdlfaGgÁPaB

rbs;Kat;manbMNgkarBarRbCaCnsuIvil? sakSI)aneqøIy

fa RbCaCnsuIvilxøH)anrt;eKcxøÜnmkenAkñúgéRB. ebIsin´

minRbyuT§ ´nwgKμanGVITaMgGs;. BYkeyIgRtÚvEtcUlrYmRbyuT§

RbqaMg b:ul Bt edIm,ITTYl)anGgár GMbil nigfñaMeBTü.

BYkeKRtÚvrt;ePosxøÜn edIm,IeKcBIkarcab;xøÜn dUecñH

sakSIRtÚvCYyBYkeK RtÚvpÁt;pÁg;Gahardl;BYkeK. kgkmøaMg

mCÄimRtÚvbBa¢Únmk[cab;xø ÜnTahan nigRbCaCnsuIvil.

Tahan nigRbCaCnsuIvil )anrt;ePosxøÜn BIeRBaHEtkartam

cab;xøÜn. sakSI)aneXIjreNþA nigpñÚr b:uEnþKat;min)aneXIj

saksBenaHeT ehIyreNþA nig pñÚrenaHKWenATIvalmYykEnøg

énRsúkt,ÜgXμúM extþt,ÚgXμúM .

kUnrbs;sakSIRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTArs;enAPUmiPaK. yay

ekμk/ RbBn§ RBmTaMgkUnTaMgbIrbs;sakSI KWmanmuxgareFVI

ksikmμenAkñúgPUmiPaK. BYkeKTaMgGs;Kña )anrt;ePosxøÜn

eTAkan;sVayerog edIm,I)anCYbCuMCamYy«BuksakSI. BYk

eKRtÚv)annaMykeTAlac enAeBaF×sat; ehIyBYkeKRtÚv)an

eKsmøab;. GñkEdlmkBIPUmiPaKbUB’aKWRtÚveKRbharCIvit

ecalTaMgGs; minfaRbCaCnsuIvil b¤minsuIvilenaHeT.

enAeBlEdlevotNambBa¢ ÚnTahanmkTak;Tg

CamYysakSI sakSIkMBugsßitenAkñúgéRBenAeLIy BIeRBaH b:ul

Bt enAEtbnþsmøab;mnusS. sakSIenAkñúgéRB KWedIm,Ivay

Rbhar b:ul Bt. ebIsinsakSIminshkarCamYyevotNam

enaHeT b:ul Bt nwgsmøab;mnusSTaMgGs;.

bc©úb,nñ nigGtItGñkneya)ay

RkúmemFavIkarBarkþI nYn Ca elak vIkT½r kUeb: minrMBwg

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cakecjBIpÞHmYyry³sin.

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nigtk;søút .

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RtLb;mkvij.

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EdlminTan;ecjEdrenaH k¾)anbnþmkR)ab;mþayfa eyIgRtÚv

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eBaF×sat;eT Kat;manRsukkMeNItekItenAPñMeBj. dUecñH Kat;

Bi)akseRmccitþfa RtÚvecjeTAxagNaNas;. «Buk´man

RsukkMeNItenAextþeBaFisat;. PUmikMeNItKat;enAcm¶ay

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enaHmþay´k¾seRmccitþeFVIdMeNIreTAkan;RsukkMeNItrbs;

«Buk edaysgÇwmfa RbsinNaebI«Buk´RtLb;mkvij ehIy

Kat;rkeyIgenApÞHmineXIj Kat;R)akdCanwgeTAPUmikMeNIt

rbs;Kat;minxan.

eyIgk¾)anykreTHFMRKan;ebImYyecjBIXøaMg edIm,I

dwkGgárnigsmÖarxøH². vaCareTHmYyEdleyIgFøab;eRbIR)as;

sRmab;dwkedImeckykeTAdaM nigdwkRsÚveTAkinenAeragm:asuIn

kinRsÚvmþgmáal. éf¶enaHeyIg)anykvamkeRbIedIm,Idwk

GIv:an;mþg. mþay´min)anykrbs;rbrGVIeRcIneT edaysar

ExμrRkhm)anRbkasR)ab;fa bgb¥ÚneyIgnwgRtLb;mkpÞH

vijkñúgry³eBlRtwmEtBIr b¤bIéf¶b:ueNÑaH Kat;k¾eCOTaMgRsug.

rbs;rbreRbIR)as;mantémøTaMgGs; RtÚvTukecalkñúgpÞH rYm

TaMgrfynþ m:UtU kg; .l. rYcehIyeyIgk¾)ancakecjeTA.

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vijeT}. enHCal,icPUtkuhkd¾biunRbsb;rbs;ExμrRkhm!

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dMNwgEsVgrkRKÜsarmitþPkþirbs;´CaCnCatiExμrkat;cinrs;enAshrdæGaemrik cg;EsVgrkRKÜsar

rbs;Kat;Edl)anEbkKñaCag40qñaMmkehIy. Kat;maneQμaHGaemrikaMgfa suIm:un

KYc EdlRtkUlrbs;Kat; Lúg b¤ eLg CaPasacin. suIm:un ekItenAéf¶TI25 ExFñÚ

qñaM1955. Kat;)anEbkecjBIRKÜsarenAéf¶TI17 qñaM1972 enAeBlEdl

rdæaPi)aleRCIserIsTahan.suImu:n CakUnc,gkñúgcMeNambgb¥Ún7nak; ¬RsI3nak; nig

Rbús4nak;¦. «Bukrbs;Kat;CaGñkRKb;RKgeragPaBynþmYyEdlenACitpÞH. suImun

mincaMGasydæanrbs;Kat;eT edayKat;RKan;Etdwgfa pÞHrbs;Kat;enACan;TI3

énmhavifIsal;dWehÁal nigmancm¶ayedIrRbmaN5naTIBI eragPaBynþ.

ebIbgb¥ÚnNa)anB¤ b¤TTYldMNwgenHehIysUmTak; mkxJMútamry³Gasydæan pÞHelx66mhavifIRBHsIhnu PñMeBj/

TUrs½BÞelx³ ¬855¦ ¬23¦211875. sUmGrKuN!

]btßmÖkare)aHBum<pSayeday TIPñak;garGPivDÆn_GnþrCati shrdæGaemrik (USAID)

GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayedayRksYgB½t’man énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RbkaseTsrdæm®nþInigrdæm®nþIRksYgB½t’manelx 0291Bm/99cuHéf¶TI2 ExsIha qñaM1999

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa ³ kariyal½yB½t’mansaFarN³

pÞHelx 66/ mhavifIRBHsIhnu PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa TUrsBÞ ³ ¬855¦ 23 211 875 TUrsar ³ ¬855¦ 23 210 358

DC-Cam/PIR : #66 u Preah Sihanouk Blvd u Phnom Penh u Cambodia u Tel: (855) 23 211 875 u Fax: (855) 23 210 358 u [email protected] u www.dccam.org.

A magazine of the Documentation Center of Cambodia: Searching for the truth. u Number 205, 2017 u Funded by USAID.

Licensed by the Ministry of Information of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Prakas No.0291 P.M/99, 2 August 1999.

esovePArMB£kviBaØaNkçn§GñkEdl)ansøab;

enAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa eRKagnwge)aHBum<pSaynUvesovePAmankt;RtaeQμaH

rbs;GñkEdlsøab;)at;bg;CIvitenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm. knøgmk mCÄmNÐlÉksar

km<úCa)ancgRkgnUveQμaHGñkEdlsøab;Cag1lannak;rYcmkehIy. RbsinebIelak

yay elakta G‘¿ BU mIg R)afñacg;[eQμaHsmaCikRkúmRKÜsarEdl)ansøab;)at;bg;

CIvitmanenAkñúgesovePAenH sUmTak;Tgmkkan;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCatamry³ v:an;fan;

eBAdar:a TUrsBÞelx 012 846 526 b¤ GuIEm:l ³ [email protected] [)an

qab;rh½stameBlevlaEdlGaceFVIeTA)an.

sUmpþl;B½t’mandUcxageRkam³

1¦ eQμaHGñkRbkasR)ab;/ 2¦ etImanbgb¥ÚnbegáItrYmTaMg«Bukmþaysøab;

b:unμannak;enAkñúgsm½yExμrRkhm? 3¦ eQμaHGñksøab;/ 4¦ ePTGñksøab;/ 5¦ GayuGñk

søab; ¬ebIGaccaM)an¦/ 6¦ RtÚvCaGVInwgGñkRbkas ¬]TahrN_³ «Buk mþay bgRbús

b¥ÚnRbús bgRsI b¤b¥ÚnRsI¦/ 7¦ sac;erOgTak;Tgnwgkarsøab; ¬]TahrN_ ³ søab;enA

TINa? mUlehtuGVI?¦/ 8¦ vtßútagTak;TgnwgGñksøab; ¬]TahrN_³ rUbft Éksar b¤vtßú

epSg²¦/ 9¦ B½t’mansRmab;mCÄmNÐlTak;Tg ¬]TahrN_³ elxTUrs½BÞ Gas½ydæan¦.

RbsinebIcg;EsVgrkGñkEdl)at;xøÜnsUmpþl;B½t’manxageRkam³

1¦ eQμaHGñk)at;xøÜn/ 2¦ ePT/ 3¦ Gayu/ 4¦ RtÚvCaGVI/ 5¦ sac;erOgTak;Tgnwg

karEbkKña/ 6¦ vtßútagTak;TgnwgGñk)at;xøÜn ¬]TahrN_³ rUbft Éksar b¤vtßúepSg²¦.

edIm,IyutþiFm’nigkarcgcaMEdlCamUldæand¾sMxan;kñúgkarpSHpSaCati

issue205 update1 issue203.qxd - documentation … exmkra qñam2017 mcÄmnÐlÉksarkm

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