ist 220 - intro to db lecture 1 what is database?
TRANSCRIPT
IST 220 - Intro to DBLecture 1
What is Database?
What Is a Database?
To answer this question, we will discuss the following related concepts Data Information Database Relational database Database management system Database applications
Data
Definition by Merriam-Webster’s factual information (as measurements or statistics)
used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation
Raw data Raw data (pieces of information) may not be so
helpful without proper manipulation Data is the set of original value you store in the tables of the database
You store data. You define (the structure of) your data.
Information
Information is Derived from raw data Specially prepared for a certain audience
Before useful information can be obtained Data needs to be defined and stored in a highly
organized manner Data should be easy to add into and retrieve from a
database Information is data that is retrieved and organized in a way that is meaningful to the person viewing it.
You retrieve, process & present information
Database A database is a collection of related raw data
that is well-defined and organized.
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon$0.50
Banked for Hara Talbot
A 100-Year-Old Example
Relational Database
Backed by sound mathematical theories, RDBs provide a better way to organize user data Usually with data for several subjects (entities) within a
certain application (domain) Teams Players Games Scores and technical statistics
In a relational database, data are stored in tables each of which is designated for a specific subject The mathematical term “relation” defines a data structure for
which a table is the exact incarnation
Example of a Table – Hawks Roster
Hawks Roster
2002-03 Roster
NUM PLAYER POS HT WT DOB FROM YRS
3 Shareef Abdur-Rahim
F 6-9 230 12/11/76 California '99 6
David Andersen F 7-0 242 6/23/80 Australia R
6 Cal Bowdler (FA) F 6-10 253 3/31/77 Old Dominion '99 3
4 Chris Crawford F 6-9 235 5/13/75 Marquette '97 5
15 Emanual Davis G 6-5 195 8/27/68 Delaware State '91 5
12 Dan Dickau G 6-0 190 9/16/78 Gonzaga '02 R
5 Dion Glover G 6-5 228 10/22/78 Georgia Tech '02 3
44 Alan Henderson F-C 6-9 240 12/02/72 Indiana '95 7
1 DerMarr Johnson F 6-9 201 5/05/80 Cincinnati '03 2
2 Nazr Mohammed C 6-10 250 9/05/77 Kentucky '99 4
14 Ira Newble (FA) F 6-7 215 1/20/75 Miami (Ohio) '97 2
42 Theo Ratliff C-F 6-10 230 4/17/73 Wyoming '95 7
13 Glenn Robinson F 6-7 230 1/10/73 Purdue '94 8
30 Mark Strickland (FA) F 6-10 220 7/14/70 Temple '92 7
31 Jason Terry G 6-2 176 9/15/77 Arizona '99 3
Row (orrecord)
Column (or field)
Database Management System
• A DBMS is a software system which takes care of Data definition Data storage and retrieval Data manipulation
Insertion Modification Deletion
Other functions, such as security, transaction control, archiving, backup and recovery
By using a DBMS, applications programmer can focus on business logic
CRUD - Create (or insert)- Retrieve (or search)- Update- Delete
File-Processing Systems
X
File-Processing Systems
Records are stored in separate files Drawbacks
Separated and isolated data Data duplication Application program dependency
Read from the product file for 20 bytes starting from location 1234, from the customer file ...
The difficulty of synchronize data changes The difficulty of representing data in the users’
perspectives
Why DBMS?
Database Systems
DB technology was developed largely to overcome the limitations of file systems
Advantages Integrated data Reduced data duplication Program/data independence, through the use of SQL
SELECT ProductName FROM Product WHERE ProductId = ‘P010’
Easier to update Easier representation of the users’ views
Relational Databases
The term relational is used because In RDB, data are stored in tables. Each table is a mathematical relation on a number
of sets
Related tables are linked with shared columns
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon$0.50
Month {Jan, …, Dec}Day {1, 2, …, 31}Worker {…}Time worked {…}Wage {…}
RDBMS Capabilities
Data definition Attributes – columns of your tables Data types – date, text, numeric, money, etc Relationships – among data in different tables
Data manipulation Data control – permission to use data
Fans can read statistics on website The Hawks manager can add, remove, and modify
player records
Data Definition
A database is self-describing Metadata – data used to define user data
or data about data
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon$0.50
MonthDayWorkerTime workedWage
Text Number Text Text Money
Metadata, or schemaUser data
Data type Valid range
{Jan, …, Dec}{1, 2, …, 31}{…}{…}{…}
Field name
Example – Data Definition in Access
Example – Relationship in Access
Components of DB Systems
DB Users
Types of Users End users (naïve users)
Limited access to data, through forms or reports Application developers
Use programming languages w/ DB accessibility Sophisticated users
Use query languages and tools Specialized users
Write special applications, such as CAD, GIS, etc
DB Administrators
DBA is the central control over the system DBA functions include
Schema definition and modification Storage structure definition Granting authorization for data access
Read only Change (add and/or modify) Create tables and modify schema
Routine operation and maintenance
When to Use a DBMS?
A significant amount of related data Data about different subjects Multiple uses of these data
Data used by multiple users Changes to data should be synchronized Accesses to data must be controlled
Sample DB Applications
In a local area network
Sample DB Applications
In a wide area network or over the Internet
Characteristics of Types of DBs
Type Sample Application
Number of Concurrent users
Typical Size of Database
Personal Wedding list 1 < 10 MB
Small Business
Entertainment scheduling
<25 < 100 MB
Organizational Licensing and registration
Hundreds > 1 trillion bytes
Internet Microsoft Press Books
Possibly Hundreds
Any