It all builds on one little sheet of It all builds on one little sheet of paper…paper…

sentencebasics

What is a Sentence?What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words used to express a grammatically complete thought or idea.

What Does a Sentence Need?What Does a Sentence Need?

• A subject– the person, place, thing, or idea of a

sentence that is doing or being something

• A verb– word that carries the idea of being or action

in the sentence

• Punctuation

• An initial capital letter

Example SentenceExample Sentence

The curious student listened carefully to the teacher.

punctuationcapital letter

verb

subject

Mini-lesson 1Mini-lesson 1 What is subject verb agreement?What is subject verb agreement?

Subjects and Verbs Must AgreeSubjects and Verbs Must Agree

• A singular subject needs a singular verb.

• A plural subject needs a plural verb.

Singular vs. PluralSingular vs. Plural

Singular

The person waits.

Plural

The people wait.

Example SentenceExample Sentence

A good student knows the value of correct sentences.

subject

verb

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement

student knows

subject verb=

An “s” ending on a verb usually indicates that it is singular.

No “s” ending on a noun often indicates that it is singular.

Example SentenceExample Sentence

Good students knows the value of correct sentences.

subject

verb

Subject-Verb DisagreementSubject-Verb Disagreement

students knows

An “s” ending on a verb usually indicates that it is singular.

An “s” ending on a noun often indicates that it is plural.

subject verb=

Some Common RulesSome Common Rules

With… Use a…

I singular verb (no “s”)

You plural verb (no “s”)

He, She, It singular verb (“s”)

We plural verb (no “s”)

You plural verb (no “s”)

They plural verb (no “s”)

Mini-lesson 2Mini-lesson 2 Agreement with Compound SubjectsAgreement with Compound Subjects

Special Agreement RulesSpecial Agreement Rules

• When the subject is made up of two or more nouns connected by and, use a plural verb.

implies two plural verb

Vicki and Kelly are happy that school is almost over.

Special Agreement RulesSpecial Agreement Rules

• When the subject is made up of two or more singular nouns connected by or, use a singular verb.

singular singular singular verb

implies one or the other

Brannt or maybe Dallin is having a party Friday.

Special Agreement RulesSpecial Agreement Rules

• When the subject is made up of singular and plural nouns connected by or, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is closer to it.

The principal or his assistants run…

singular plural plural verb

Verb agrees with the closest part of the subject

Special Agreement RulesSpecial Agreement Rules

• When the subject is made up of singular and plural nouns connected by or, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is closer to it.

His assistants or the principal runs…

plural singular singular verb

Verb agrees with the closest part of the subject

Mini-lesson 3Mini-lesson 3 Phrases that Confuse ThingsPhrases that Confuse Things

Don’t Be MisledDon’t Be Misled

• Don’t be misled by phrases that come between the subject and the verb.– one of the boxes is

– the students who read that book are

– the principal, as well as his assistants, is

– the textbook, including all the chapters in the first section, is

– the woman with all the answers sits

Mini-lesson 4Mini-lesson 4 Singular or Plural?Singular or Plural?

Always SingularAlways Singular

• The following words are always singular and require a singular verb:

– each, each one– either, neither– everyone, anyone, someone, no one– everybody, anybody, nobody

Always SingularAlways Singular

• Even though the following nouns end with an “s,” they are singular and require a singular verb:

– civics– mathematics– dollars– news

Almost Always SingularAlmost Always Singular

• Collective nouns that refer to more than one person are usually treated as a single unit:

– group– team– committee– class– family

Always PluralAlways Plural

• Nouns like the following are always plural (because they are made of two parts):

– scissors– tweezers– trousers– pants– shears

Mini-lesson 5Mini-lesson 5 Neither “Here” nor “There”Neither “Here” nor “There”

““There” is Never the SubjectThere” is Never the Subject

• In sentences starting with the word “there,” the subject usually follows the verb.

There are many questions.

subjectverb

““There” is Never the SubjectThere” is Never the Subject

• In sentences starting with the word “there,” the subject usually follows the verb.

There is a question.

subjectverb

The Same is True for “Here”The Same is True for “Here”

• In sentences starting with the word “here,” the subject usually follows the verb.

Here are your keys.

subjectverb

The Same is True for “Here”The Same is True for “Here”

• In sentences starting with the word “here,” the subject usually follows the verb.

Here is your key.

subjectverb

Mini-lesson 6Mini-lesson 6 What About Questions?What About Questions?

Turn a question around to find Turn a question around to find the right answer.the right answer.

Is school five days long next week?

Notice that the

verb comes first

or change it to --

School is five days long next week.

verb subject

verbsubject

Now, go forth and Now, go forth and agree!!

How do I teach a mini-lesson?How do I teach a mini-lesson?

1. Explain clearly your understanding of the topic and then give an example

2. Guide your classmates through a practice activity and/or more examples

3. Provide a creative way to “test” your classmates understanding and ability to apply the new material

She and her friends are…The book or the pen is… Teaching Tip: Be focused and be creative.

And the student becomes the teacher…And the student becomes the teacher…

Very good, grasshopper…