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L. Barolli, B. A. Abderazek,T. Grill, T. M. Nguyen, D. Tjondronegoro (eds.)

Frontiers in Mobile and Web Computing:Proceedings of MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006

Workshops

December 4 - 6,2WYogyakarta, Indonesia

@ Osteneichische Computer Gesellschaft 2006

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Prelace MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006'Workshops Proceediugs

PREF'ACE

trVelcome to lbgyakarta Citv and to iiWAS/MoMM-2006 \&brkshops. The Workshops are held inconjunctiorr with iiWAS2006 and i\'1oN{M2006 International Conferences on 4-6 December 200(i, inYogyaliarl,a, J nrlorrer ia.

It is for the first time for iiWAS arrcl MoMM to hold workshops. We had this year 5 workshops: SIIK-2006 (Sernaltic Infornration Integration on linowledge Discovery), MoMlR.2006 (Mobile l\{rrltimediaInlormation Retrieval), BWCCA-2006 (Broadharrcl trnd Wireless Computing, Communication arrd

AJrplications), SoC-2006 (Systerns-On-Chips), Tw'llC-2006 ('Irustworthy Ubiquitous Conrputing), onesyrnposium ERPAS-2006 (Emerging Research and f)rojer:ls Applications Symposium) and MDC-2006(Nlaste-rs and L)octoral Colloquium) .

The purpose of the-se rvorkshops is to bring together der,-elopers ancl rese..rrchers to share ide-as aldresearch work in the ernerging area-s of \Veh-based application, lVeb service, information network-ing, mobile and ubiquitotu cornputing, sernantic information integration, inforrnation retriel'al, anrlembedded syst.erns. The papers irrcluded in the proceedings c<.rver all tuspects of theory, design ardapplications. Interest in the workshops has beerr confirrued hv the submission of many papers from allover the worlcl. The subrnitted papers were peer-reviewed from Program Cornmittee (PC) mernbersof eat:h uorkshop and hased on the review reults 72 papers were accepted for presentation (BWCCA-2ff)6: 9 papers; MoN'llR-2006: 7 pnpers; 5III{-2006: 14 papers; SoC-2006: 8 papers; TwUC-2006: 7

papersi ERPAS: l9 papers; and MDC: 8 papers).

International Workshops of this size requile the support anrl help of many people. A lot of pqopl. 1r.t.helped and w<,rkecl hard [<> produce a su<:cessfitl iI\YAS/N{<-,IVIN{-2006 Workshops Proceedings. }'irst, I

w'ould like to thank all the authors for suhmitt,irrg their papers, the n'orlshops organizers especially Dr.Nguyen l\4anh Tho, Vienna University of Technologv, Austria, Dr. Dian Tjondronegoro, Que.enslandUniversity of Technologv, Brisbane, Aust,rtrlia, Dr. Arjan Durresi, Louisiana State University, USA,Dr. Ben A. Abderazeli, National University of Electro-communications, .Iapan, Mr. Thomas Grill,Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria,

I would like to thanli Dr. Isrnail Iihalil Ibrahim, the president of @WAS organization and the SteeringCornrnittee Chair of iiWAS/l\{oM\4 International Corrferences for his continuous support and encour-

agement to organize the rvorkshops. I am also grateful t,o ii!!',AS/MoMI\.{-2006 PC Chairs Dr. Davidf'aniar and Mr. Eric Pt*dede for l,heir support and trelp. I would like to thank the Local Arrange-ment and the Adtninistration Sta{f of Atma Jaya flnivers.ity, Yogyaliarta for thei; support and localarrangement of the workshops.

. s,-I would like to give special thanks to the International Otganization for Inforruat,ion Integrationand Wetrbased Applications and Services (@\4AS), Austrian Computer Society, Johannes l{eplerUniversitv Linz Austria, IEEE Indonesian Section, IEEE Communication Society, Indonesian Chapter,Monash University Australia, and Lzr Trobe University Australia

Leonard Barolli, Fukuolia Institute of Technology (FIT), Japan

i.i,lVA S / M o Ir,I M- 2006 W orkshop s Ch,air

MoMM2006 & iiwAS2006 workshops Proceedings workshop committees

MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006 Workshops Committees

Auspices

His Excellency Sri Sult,an Hamengkubuwono X, King of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the Governorof DIYHis Excellency Dr. Sofyan Djalil, Minister of Comrnunical;ion and Information Technology of theRepuhlic of Indonesia

Houorary Chair

Dr. E. F. Slamet S. Sarwono, MBA, Rector of University of,Atma Jaya Yogyakarta (UAJY), lndonesia

Advisory Chair

Ir. F. Soesianto, B.Sc. E., Ph.D., Univ'ersity Atrna Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Steering Cornmittee Co-Chairs

Isnrail Khalil Ibrahim, Johannes I(epler Universily Linz, AustriaSuyoto, University Atrna Jaya Yogyaliarta, IndonesiaMarsudi Wahyu I(isworo, Swiss German Unir,'ersity Asia (SGU), Indonesia

General Conference Chair

Gahriele Kotsis, Johannes Kepler tlniversitv Linz, Austria

Organizing Committee Chair

Pauhrs Mudjihartono, University Atma Jaya Yogyakart,a, Indonesia

Workshops Chair

Leonard Barolli, Fukuoka Institute of Technolog;r, Japan

Master and Doctoral Colloquirrm Chair

Zainal Hasibuan, University of Indonesia, lndonesia

Emergirrg Research and Projects Symposium Chair

St6phane Bressan, National University of Singapore, Singapore

vl

Worlahop Committees MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006 Workshops Proceedings

Proceedings Chair

Thomas Grill, Johannes Xepler LTniversity Linz, Austria

Workshops Ctrairs

- SIIK2OO6, The International Workshop on Semantic Information Integration on Knowledge Dis-covery

Nguyen Manh Tho, Vienua University of Technology, AustriaBenhard Sitohang, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia

- MoMIR2006, The International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Information Retrieval

Dian Tjondronegoro, Queensland University of Technology,. Bristrane, Australia

- BWCCA,200G, The International Workshop on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Comrnuni-

cation and Applications

Leonard Barolli, Fukuoka lnstitute of technology (FIT), .Iapan

Arjan Durresi, Louisiana State University, USAGiuseppe De Marco, Fukuoka Institute of technology (FIT), Japan

- SoC-06, The International Workshop on Systems-On-Chips

Ben A. Ahderazek, National University of Electrecommurrications, Japan

- TwUC-06, The Internationa! Workshop on tustworthy tibiquitous Computing

Thonras Grill, Joharrnes l(epler University Linz, Austria

General Secretary

Hesti Sudjana

Organizing Committee

University Atrna Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia

- Mrs. Ernawati

- Mr. Hadisantono

- Mrs. Fl. Sapty* Mr. Kusnadi

- Mr. Hadisantouo

- Mr. Eduard R.usdianto

- N{r. Yudi Dwiandiyanta

- Mrs. Yustina Haryanti

vlr

MoMM2006 & iiWAS20O6 'Worlcshops. Proceedi

@WAS Exeortive Steering Cornnrittee

- Leonard Barolli, Fukuoka Institul.e of Technology - Japan- StZphane Brersan, National University of Singapore, Singapore- Eduardo Carrillo, University UNAII. Colourbia- Frank Dignum, Utrec.ht tlniversity, The Netherlands- Arif Djunaidy, Surabaya Institute of 'Iechnology, Indonesia- Gilliau Dohbie, University of Aucklarrd, New Zealand- Satr.d Harous, College of Arts & Sdiences - lJniversity of Sharjah, UAE- Zainal Hasibuan, University of Indonesia, Indonesia- Hendrawan, Bandung lnstitute of Technology, Indonesia- Richardus Eko Indrajit, Bina Nusantara University, Iudonesia- Maria Indrawarr, Monash University, Australia- Sr,'opiau-syah Jaya Putra, [Jniversitas lslanr Ncgri Syarif Ilidayatullah Jakarta, Iudouesia- Ismail I(halil Ibrahirn, Johannes l(e-pler UNiversitv Linz, Austria- Marsudi I(isworo, Swiss Germtrn flniversity, Indorresia- Sukurnal Kitisir, I(asetsart University, Thailand- Gabriele Kotsis, Johannes I(epler University Linz, Austria- Jianhua Ma, Hosei Urriversity - Japan- Mukesh \,lohania, IB\iI Reearch Lab, India- Salimah Mokhtar, University of I\,{alayar, Malaysia- Rarnalioti Sadananda, Asian Irrstitute of Technology, Thailand- Julius Stuller, Academy of Scieuces of the (lzech republic, Czech Republic- David Taniar, ]\{onash University, Arrstralia- A N{in Tjoa, Technical linir,'ersity of Vienna, Au^stria- Roland Wagner, Johaanes I(epler University Linz, Austria- Edgar \Yeippl, Llniversity of Vienna, Austria- Werner Winiwarter, Unirersitv of Vierura, Arrstria- Laurence T. Yang, St. Frarrcis Xavier thiversity, Canada- Osamu Yoshie, Wa-seda University, Japan

CommittelcJs

vllt

Tab1e of Contents

Proceedings of MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006 WorkshopsPrefac.e

Workrlrop Committees

BWCCA 2006

SpssroN A - Ns'rwoRx Monem, AlconltuMs AND Ax.rrtYsts

Performance analysis on negligible blocking dc-based optical switchq; under certain degree ofcrosstalkClten, Yu,, Yususlri, Inoguchi,, Sususmu, Hori,guch,i, Japan 7

Study on mobility management modelling methodsBenedek l{oa,7cs, Piter Fiil6p, Sd,ndrtr Imre, Htmgarg 17

Evaluation of hatch mode methods for scheduling in grid systemsFutos Xhala, Spu'i,n, Leon,ard Barrtlli, Japan, Arjan, Durresi,, USA 27

A generic model for mobility rnanagement in heyond third generation netv"orksMaria Lu'i,sa Cri,stotano, Italy, Andrea C. Forte, Ilennitr,g Sclrulzrinne, U.S.A, Mou,rizioLon,go, Fabi,o Postigli,one, Italg 37

Joint STC-OFDM and smart anteuna based on convolutional composite weighting algorithmZhcn91 Wang, We'ini,ao Meng, an.d Zh,iqitmyl Xing, Cltina 47

SnssIoN B _ MuI.rur,IEDIA APPLIoATIONS AND NprWoRT< PRoTocoIs

Hyhrid training protocol for wireless sensor networksRu,zo,na Ishd;, Malays'i,a, Qi,ngznen Xu, Steph,an Olari,u, U.S.A, Shah,aruddin Salleh, Mdagsiu 57

HYMN: An interest-based multirnedia providing system for hybrid wireless networksAd,rian Andrunoche, lfatthias R. Brast, Steffen Rothkugel, Lu,rembourg 67

Towards utriquitous irrtelligence based on mental image directed semantic theoryMasao Yokota, Japan 75

A new protocol for secure group key management in wireless networkJianm,i,ng Zhu, Li Yan, Chi,na 85

MOMIR 2006

SsssroN A - Mosrle Multrrrrpnm Appt tcRT toxs

Design and Irnplementation of a Mobile WikiDarren Hu,ang, Rae Paul, On Wong, Australia

Mobile News Service PrototypeBud,i Susanto a,nd R.estgtmd,i.to, Indonesi,a

Design and Implementation of a Multimedia Messaging Service for Remote Room SurveillanceFrans Suno.rja, Jumes Purn.amo,, Harya Dam.ar, Basuki Setio, Indonesia

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MoMM2006 & ii\MAS2006 Workshops Proceedings TABLE OF'CON?EN?S

AMIE: An annotation model for information reearch for decision makingCharles Robert and Amos Dattid, France 129

SpssroN B - NprwoRK MoDELS AND ENABLTNc TECHNoLocrEs FoR MoBTLE MUL-TIMEDIA

Design and implementation of data provider server using weh service technology for mobileapplicationNatali,a Nanila Wanlhan,i,, Harya f)amor, ST, MSc, Jarnes Purnoma SKom, MSc, Ir. Basr*iSeti.o, MSc, ProJ. Marsuili Ki,sutoro, Indtmesi,a 139

Directional diversity in smart antenna and LAS CDMA systenrs

Ch,ee Kytm Ng, Malmmod, Isrnail, Sabr,ra Khatu,n,, Borh,anuddin, Moh,il Ali ond Sudltanslnt,Shekhar Jamuar, Malugsia 149

Factors indrrcing cell phoue user's device competency : an empirical studyLucia D. I(risn,auati and Reslyandito, Indonesia 159

Supporting the evolution ofservice-oriented architecturb towards internet middlewareDi,onisi.s Adamopoulos, Greece 169

lmplementation of Distrihuted Transaction on the Session Faqade Design Pattern using WebService TechnologyInilira Nurd,iani,, Harya Do,mar Widiputm, Basuki, Setio, James Purn,ama, Ind.rtnesio 179

SIIK 2006

SpsstoN A - Spuexrrc DATA INrEcRa'rroN IN WEB, Gun & P2P Appr,rcATroNs

Federated Ontology SearchVusco Calais Ped,ro, Eric Nyberg, Jaime Carbonell, U.S.A

Semantic Eurichment of Search Result: the Coupling of Sernantic Store and Google ServicesKhabib Mustofa, Amin Andjomsltrtaa, A Min Tjrta, Austria

OGSA-WebDB: Enabling Weh Databa.se Access and Integration in the CridSaiil Mirza Paileui an.d lsao Kojima, Japon

DODA 0.1: An ontology for lightweight integration of semantic data access technologiesGi.oaannd Tumm.arello, Italy, Ch,r,i,stian Morbidoni, Mi.chele Nucci,, Richanl Cgganiak, Ger-,n,ana

A study on the Hybrid Grid Information Service wit,h Client/Server Model and P2P ModelYunHee Kang, Kg'ungWoo Kang and SangHann l(tmg, Korea

Matchmaking Ba-sed 5srr.r1ic, Agreernent Approach for Discovery of P2P SourcesI Wayan Sim,ri, Wicakson,a and, Kokou Ydtongn,on, Fntnce

SpsstoN B - Hp'rpnocENEous Dete INTocRATIoN TBcutrot ocrps & AppLrcA-TIONS

Developing an application integration strategy for electronic prescription systemJuh,a l\tt t"stjtirli, an,iJ Leena Puu,stjd,r"ui,, Finland

A Service Oriented Approach for Integrating Metadata from Heterogeneous Digital LibrariesBernhard H aslhrtter, Austria

An experiment on visible changes of web pagesJrto Yong Lee, So,ng Ho Lee, Krtrea, Yan,ggrtn Kim., U,S.A

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th\LE OF CONTEN?S MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006 Workshops Proceedings

A practice of extracting geographical location of website from its web pages

Yin.guei, LUO, Xiaolin, WANG, Bi,n LIANG, Yi,rin, WANG, China 283

Towards natural spatiotemporal knowledge formalization for intuitive human-system interac-tionMasao Yokota, Japon

On the Integration, Repairing and Querying of Conflicting DataLuciano Caroprese and Ester Zumpano, Italy

An improved methodology for semantic sctreme qualificationVi,cente Palaci,os, Jorge Momto, Sonia Sanchez-Cuadrado, Juan Lktrens, Jose A, Morcirut,Spain

Busiless intelligenceFelin Halim, Agus Pru,yudhi,, Stefani,e, Ind,onesia, Basuki, Setio, Raym,ond.us l(osala, Austria 32:l

soc 2006

SessroN A - DnsrcN MprHonolocvDesign of SoPC Platform for Mulii soft core processorHong Xing WEI, Wei. LI, Kai, SUN , Shi Heng CHENG, Chi,na 337

A formal approach for network-on-chip designKarla D.N. Ram,os, Clauili,a M.F.A. Ribeiru, Anamari,a M., Moreim, Iuan S. Silaa, Brasil 347

Design methods and tools for fpga-based implementation of comt'rinatorial search algorithmsIouli,i,a Skli,antaa, Valery Sklyaroa, Portugal 359

Distributed midi player via snmp using microcontroller atmegal28Pusytaningtyas S. Aili,, Ari,ef l(urniauan, Ind,onesia 369

Spsslox B - EMBpooED SoC SecuRrrv AND PERFoRMANCE

Security Improvement in Embedded Systems via an Efficient Hardware Bound Checking Ar-chitectureMichael Georg Crasser, Eugen Brenner, Austri.a 379

Talus: Compiler-Assisted Java AcceleratorSeok Joong Huang, Peter Harlim,an, Seon Wook Kim, Krtrea 389

A new cluster-based key distribution for USNs

Iiyoung h.go Lee, Eun-A Jun, Bgoung-kyun Oh, Sang-Cug Lee ond Seok Won. Jung, Korea 399

TwUC 2006

SessroN A - Pnrvecy AND Usenrlrry rN I-lBreurrous CoMpurrNc

Design of ergonomic interfacesSaad Harous, Amel Douar, Mah,ieddi,n,e Djouili, Djami,la Mechta, Frun.ce

Towards design patterns for mobile usability supportBettin,a Bi,el and Volker Cruhn, Germ.any

A design and protocol of crutomizing ubiquitous hospital service with privacy managementsysterrBgungil Lee on,d Hrtuton, Kim, I(orea

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MoMM2006 & iiwAS2006 workshops Proceedings llABr,E oF coN?EN?s

Efforts towards adaptive, secure and usable pervasir,-e environmentsDana AI Rukhun,, Florence Sedes, France

SpsstoN B - Srcunrry AND RELTABILITv tN urlreurrous coMpurING

A context authentication proxy for ipsec using spatial referenceRene Mayrhrtfer, LI.K.

Securing weh-based media tracker using three.factor authenticationHusni, Fah,m.i' Ganesha Bagu Murti,, Haret Faiilah, Indrtnesi,a

Autonomic computing: an emerging approach to managementMohammad Reza Nam,i, and, Koen Bertels, Netlrcrlands

ERPAS

SpssloN A - INpoRuATroN SysrEMS AND lNr,onuA.noN MANAGEMENT

Establishing Microsoft Research Centre Indonesia: An Approach to Determine Leading Prod-uctsKridanto Surendro , Basu,l;i Sugiharto, Nurhajati Madmun, , Wawan Dheuanto , Ronaldi,In,drtnesia 4BZ

R.isk management: Small and medium enterprisesUpasna Soluja, Dato Norbik Baslmh ldri,s, Malagsia 4gT

Promoting an Environment for Active User Involvement for Requirements Elicitation Activityusing Focus Group DiscussionZarinoh Mrtful Kas,irun and, Si,ti Sahua Salim, Malaysia S05

Forecasting tools for telekom MalaysiaFotimah Almah saai,il, Norazri,na Abu Har'is, Noor Azhari, Mil YusoJ, Noor Fazi,latulakm.aMohil Zai.ni, Mohd lzlmn. Mohil Yusoff, Atlalagsi.a 513

An empiric.al process for evaluating and selecting AWEM environments: Evaluation PhaseAb<hillah S. Algharnili, Arabi,a S2B

Managing transactions on multiple database connections unsing enterprise jala beans andweb services

Harya Damar Wid,iputra, Basu.ki, Setio, Inilonesi,a 583

SpssroN B * MnNecEMENT oF DATA

Datawarehou.sing of academic data: A proposition of cleansing templatePaulus Mudjiharton.o, Alb, Jc,ko Santrtso, Ind,ones.ia S4:l

Data integration: An experience of information system migrationInggri,ani, L'iem, Inilon,es,i,a, D,i,nd,in Wah.yuilin, Alexand,er Schatten,, Au,stri,a b4g

Mapping flat relational views into nested views with functional and multi-valued dependenciesfor XMLMoh,ammed Nasser, Hamidah lbrahim, Ali, Mamat, Md. Nasi,r Sulaim,an, Mo.lagsia bsg

Performaence evaluation of database selection approachesMoham,mad Hassan , Jorilan b6g

SpssloN C - NrrwoRKs AND PRorocols

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TABLE oF coN?EN?s MoMM200G & ii\MAS2006 workshops proceedings

Implementation of SOHO IPv6 Router using IXP425 Network ProcessorHusni Fahmi, Haret Faid,ah, A. A, N. Ananila Kusuma, Yuki, Ist'i.anto, Tahar Agastani, Tri,Sampu,rn,o, In,d,onesia ST7

Cost-[rased FWA networks optimisationSigi.t Haryaili., Indones,ia S85

A loosely coupled architecture of web server using socket cloning591Kustortro Anirul,ito, Kusn.adi, Ind.onesi,a

lmplementing a web services atomic transaction (WS-AT) protocol to demonstrate distributedtransaction over the web environmentMahayekti Hacintlryasakti, Bo"suki Setio, Harya Damar Wiiliputra, Iniktn.esia ig7I\4eta search using distributed web service technologyKzrsnadi,, Y. Si,git Purn,omo W.P., In,donesia 60Z

SnssroN D - Wsn AND MULTIMEDTA AppLICATToNS

Hierarchical Web Page Model for Periodical UpdatingMaytlr.am Satar an,d Sam,i Habi.b, Kuna,i.t

Redefinition of 3D Model Similarity Search ProblemAry S. Prihuttnanto, Saifiil Akbar, Josef Kiing, Rolanil Wagner, Austria

Website utilization for Eclass developmentBurli Sutedjo Dharma Oetomo, Jarot Priyrtgutomo, Esther Wibouto, Indonesia

Tae Kwon Do Scoring Systern Using Joystick With BluetoothE dd,y Julianto, E duard Ras d,ianto, I n.ilonesia

Wehsite Designer: Engineer of Communication ChannelEsther Wibouto, Indonesio.

MDC

SsssroN A - Wos AND INFoRMATIoN SysreusSemantic Web Based To Support Supply Chain ManagementLily Wilandari and I Wagan Simri Wi,caksano, Intlonesia

Secure Grid-based Computing with Social-Netlrork Based tust Management in The (Seman-tic) WebRrtm,arr, Spdnek antl, Miroslats Tum,a, Czech Republi,c

Higher education information system: From strategic planning to development phasesEd,i.ted bE Li,ytur Sugiyanta, Ind,onesia

Preliminary Report : E-Learning SystemMuhammad Sa,i,il H asibuan, Ind,onesia

SossroN B - D,qre MANAGEMENT AND BUSTNESs ISSUEs

Data Structure Estimation for RDF Oriented.Repository BuildingMartin, R.im,n,di, Czech, Republi,c

Feedback-Driven Semi-Supervised Clust,ering For Comparative Text MiningSri, Punuonti, Indonesia

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Ontology Maintenance in Peer:2-Peer (P2P) Eri.viroument ' :' " . ', .l: , ': , '

Lintang Yunior Bamowosari, I Woyan'Simri Wiiv*soa,o,'.sutgoild H.5,,'In:ibneslrr, 691

Identifiying the business values oi information technology using hermeneutics i

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ERPAS MoMM2006 & iiWAS20O6 Workshops Proceedings

A LOOSELY COUPLED ARCHITECTURE OF WEBSERVER USING SOCKET CLONING

Kusworo Anindito

Kusnadi

I nfo rm at i c s De p artm e nt, F acu I ty of Indus tri al T e c hn o I o gt,Atma Jaya Yogayakarta University, Indonesia

flwsw oro@mai l. u a1'y. ac. i d, kus nadi @mai l. uajy. ac. i d)

Abstract

With the ever-growing web *ffic, cluster-based web seryer is becoming more and more impoflant

to the Internet's infrastructure. Making the best use of all the available resources in the Interuet to

achieve high pedormance is thus a significant research issue. This paper will address a web seryer

sewing requests for documents hoving multimedia (image, video, animation) ltyperlinlcs. We

proposed a model that can reduced load on the main web sewer by distibuting load of transfening

multimedia content to other sewer. Some related issues with this model will be discussed.

r. HTTP

Web applications highly relied on HTTP protocol to mediate communication between client, such

internet browser, and web server. According to [1], Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a

method used to transfer or convey information orr the World Wide Web. Its original purpose was to

provide a way to publish and retrieve HTML pages. HTTP is a request/response protocol between

clients and servers. The originating client, such as a web browser, spider, or other end-user tool, is

referred to a-s the user agent. The destination server, which stores or creates resources such as

HTML liles and images, is called the origin server. In between the user agent and origin server may

be sweral intermediaries, such as profes, gateways, and tunnels.

591

MoMM2006 & iiWA.S2006 Workshops Proceedings ERPAS

HTTP pipelining appeared in HTTP/I.1. It allows clients to send multiple rrque$s at onoe, without

waiting fbr an answer. Servers can also send multiple answers without closing their socket as shown

in hgure l. This results in fewer roundtnps and faster load times. This is parlicularly useful for

satellite Internet connections and other connections with high latency as separate requests need not

be made fbr each file. Since it is possible to fit several HTTP requests in the same TCP packet,

HTTP pipelining allows fewer TCP packets to be sent over the network, reducing netwott load.

HTTP pipelining requires both the client and the server to supporl it. Serers are required to supporl

it in order to be HTTP/I.l compliant, although they are not required to pipeline responses, just to

accept pipelined requests.

CLIENT SERVER

Figure 1. HTTP 1.1 specillcation for requesting a rlocumerrt wlth multimerlia links

2. Socket Cloning

In a client-server application model zuch a-s web applications, the pedbrmance of the system relied

heavily on the performance of the server and the beneath networting iniiastructure [2]. In a high

load web application, the web server must seive many concurrent client rcquesls, thus the response

tirne to clients may decrease significantly.

To handle the performance problems of the server, one of the solutions is migrating some of the

processing to other machine. Moving a process to other computer machine lbr load balancing

process can be found also in the area of parallel computing and network applications.

Oue of the problems in migration of a process that serve requests fiom clients is to clone or migrate

theil communications end point or sockets. An example of cloning socket system is presented by [3]

and [a]. The architecture of their qrstem proposal is shown in figure 2. There are three componorts

are added to proprietary web server rystem that are, Sewer Cloning Client (SC Client), SC Server,

and Packet Router. Socket Cloning (SC) Client provides a system call intedace to the web server in

l. http request

CLIENT

ERPAS MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006 Workshops proceedings

the node. Web server invokes this system call if it decides to migrate a request processing. Allrelevant infbrmation, client application request and its opened socket will be sent out to remote SC

server that connects to current node via persistent connection. The whole message is called SC

Message. The current web seryer node can continue to server other request. When the remote SC

Server reoeives an SC Message, it creates a socket clone based on received SC Message, processes

contained request and sends the results back to client via the cloned socket.

Figure 2. Architecture of Socket Cloning System

Note, upon successful clorung the socket, the SC Server will send an acknowledgement back to the

SC Client that sending SC message. It will then inform the Packet Router to route subsequent

packets for that socket to the clone's node. Figure 3 shows how a series of HTTP requests are

handled in this system. Thus the packet from client application will travel to original Web server

node, then ledirect by its packet router to rernote SC Server, and after processing the rezults are sent

back to client directly. After cloning, the original socket remains in its node. It will not be destroyed

urtil the connection is closed. In persistent HTTP, the original socket will handle further messages

received in the connection after cloning. The clone will be closed after serving a request.

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Figure 3. SC in Cluster-Based Web Serrer

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3. HTTP Response with Socket Cloning

High volume accessed services such as Yahoo!, Google highly relied on the high petfotmance of

their server and network infrastructure to provide high qualif of service (QoS) Network-transf-er

speed is mainly a matter of your lntemet-link bandwidth, while server-resporise time depends upon

resources such as server specifications, architecture of applications and their coding. Improving

server performance can be done by providing redundant servetrs in a cluster offering the same

service. Cluster qrstem is a tightly coupled system, where each server in a cluster has a contraot to

providing the same services.

In this papeq we proposed a more loosely coupled model to alleviate the load on the web seler.

Our proposed scenario is shown in figure 4. Client applications request a document by a http

request. The reply usually consists of html data plus multimedia contents linked in the requested

document. Transferring multimedia content puts much more load on the server compared to htnl

. data. Thus to alleviate load on the web server, the task of transferring multimedia content to clients

can be assigred to other servers (Cloning Server), which are not necessatily a web server.

The web server is responsible to handle the creation of all socket needed to transmit all content of a

client request. When identiffing that a socket is used to transmit a multimedia content, then the web

server will resort to clone the socket to the lightest load cloning server. Note, a mechanisrn to

monitor the load of each cloning server is needed to do such a selection. For the socket cloning, the

technique presotted in [3] and [4] can be adopted.

The other important issue is the articulation of the multimedia resource location address between

web server and cloning server. There are at least two approaches that can be used. First, both web

server and cloning server are configured to have a similar directory service; in most case will be a

kind of the web server directory service. This mean each cloning server needs to install dtrectory

service similm to web servers. The other approach is, the web server translates the address of

multimedia resource to that can be understood by the cloning server's local file rystem or directory

service installed in it.

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ERPAS MoMM2006 & iiWAS2006 Workshops Proceedings

Sener Multbnedia

ru:"ffiL http request

(Multimedia)Cloning Suvu,,'

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CLIENT

Figure 4. Loarl balancing by mlgrating transmlssion of multimedia contmt

4. Conclusion

In this paper, we have propose a model to alleviate load of web server by as.signing to other

machines the ta-sks of transferring multimedia content to client. Some related issues such socket

cloning and directory service used between web server and cloning server also discussed. Furlher

work can focus on implementation and testing of the model

5. References

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[2] Engelsohall, Ralf S., Load Balancing Your Web Site Practical Approaches for DistributingHTTP Traffic, 1998.http ://www.webtechniques. com/aroh ives/ 1 99E/05/engelschall/

[3] Y.-f. Sit, C.-L. Wang, and F. l,au, \Socket cloning for cluster-based web server," IEEE Fourth InternationalConference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER 2002), September 2002.http://www.csis.hku.hk/^clwang/papem/cluste0002-FNL-socket-cloning.pdt-.

[4] Y.-F. Sit, C.-L. Wang, and F. [au, \Cyclone: A high-performance cluster-based web server wilh socketcloning," Cluster Computing: The Joumal of Networks, Software Tools and Application, Special Issuo onCluster Computing in the Intemet. !lt-E:;.llr:.r11r.g-s-iS_.bl'.:.!*:i:11:1.:yiUr.i;.ipr-iiig.,!::!.ty:iiiinE-.-ti!i-rl

Cloning Server

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