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IT-Resource Materials “Reactions of Metals”

User Guide

Science Education Section Curriculum Development Institute Education and Manpower Bureau

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

and

Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong

June 2003

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Table of Contents Part A. CD-ROM User Manual

1. Introduction 3 2. System Minimum Requirements 3 3. Installation / To Start the Programme – “CD-ROM Version” 3 4. Installation / To Start the Programme – “Web Version” 4 5. How to Use 4

5.1 Organisation of the Contents 4 5.2 Icons and Buttons used in the Programme 5

Part B. Notes for Teachers

1. Introduction 7 2. Properties of Metals 8 3. Guided Study 9 4. Video Library 10 5. Photo Library 11 6. Metal Reactivity Series 12 7. Exercises / Games 13

7.1 Multiple Choice Questions 13 7.2 Essay-type Questions 14 7.3 Virtual Reaction 15

8. Notes Tool 16 9. Safety Remarks 17 10. Acknowledgements 17

Working Committee 18 Appendix

A. References 19 B. List of Digital Photographs in the CD-ROM 20 C. List of Digitized Video Clips in the CD-ROM 24

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Part A. CD-ROM User Manual 1. Introduction This interactive CD-ROM package is a multimedia learning kit as well as a collection of resource materials for enhancing S4-5 students in learning the chemistry of various metals. The aims of this courseware are:

(1) To enhance students’ understanding of and concepts about reactions of metals through interactive learning strategies such as examining digital photographs, digitized video clips and textual information, making appropriate predictions and explaining chemical changes.

(2) To provide teachers / students with a collection of digital photographs and digitized video clips of metals and their reactions for presentation purpose.

The resource materials are developed in bilingual (Chinese and English). There are two versions of CD-ROMs for different installation and accessing methods. One is for installing and running in standalone PCs (CD-ROM version) while the other is for installing in computer network servers (web version) and the materials are accessed through the school intranet. 2. System Minimum Requirements The followings are the minimum requirements of hardware and software for running the CD-ROM

• PC with Intel Pentium II 450MHz processor • 128MB RAM • SVGA display with Hi-color, 800 x 600 pixel resolution • 16x CD-ROM drive • Sound card • Microsoft Windows 98, NT, 2000, ME, or XP • Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 • Microsoft Windows Media Player 8 • Macromedia Flash Player 6 • Microsoft Word 97

3. Installation / To Start the Programme – “CD-ROM Version” No installation procedure is required to run the “CD-ROM Version” on standalone PCs. The CD-ROM disc is made with the “Auto-Run” function. If your computer support “Auto-Run” CD-ROM

• Insert the CD-ROM disc into the CD-ROM drive of your computer.

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• The programme will start automatically and a welcome page will be displayed on the screen.

If your computer does not support the CD-ROM “Auto-Run” mode

• Insert the CD-ROM disc into the CD-ROM drive of your computer • Select the CD-ROM drive from “My Computer” and open the CD-ROM • Double-click the icon named “main” or “main.html”

Note: The CD-ROM disc should be remained in the CD-ROM drive when the

courseware is running. 4. Installation / To Start the Programme – “Web Version”

• Create a new directory in the server computer (e.g. d:\inetpub\wwwroot\metals)

• Copy all the files in the CD-ROM into this directory • Access the contents through the school intranet

(e.g. http://xxx.xxx.xxx.hk/metals/main.html)

5. How to Use The courseware is developed with user-friendly mouse-driven menus and buttons. All of the sections can be accessed and manipulated solely with mouse-clicks. When the mouse pointer moves over an active item, the icon will change to an animated icon with prompting sound, and the pointer will change into a clicking hand.

5.1 Organisation of the Contents

• Main Manu o Properties of Metals (Clicking the elements on the periodic table)

Basic Facts Natural Source Production and Applications Reactivity (with air, water and dilute acid)

o Guided Study Thermit Reaction Reactivity of Metals with Air Reactivity of Metals with Water and Dilute Acids

o Video Library Reactions of Metals with Air (Burning of Metals) Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acid Reactions of Metals with Steam Reactions of Metals with Cold Water Displacement Reactions

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o Photo Library Appearance of Metals Minerals of Metals Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acids Reactions of Metals with Air (Burning of Metals) Reactions of Metals with Water Thermit Reaction Displacement Reactions in Aqueous Solution Reduction of Metal Oxides

o Metal Reactivity Series Reactions of Metals with Air Reactions of Metals with Water Reactions of Metals with Hydrochloric Acid Applications of the Metal Reactivity Series

o Exercises / Games Multiple Choice Questions Essay Questions Virtual Reaction

o Notes (Open a Microsoft Word® document for notes taking)

5.2 Icons and Buttons used in the Programme

Click the button to access the English Main

Page / switch to English language Click the button to access the Chinese Main

Page / switch to Chinese language

Page backward

Page forward

“Minimise” and “Close” buttons for the floating frame – in “Guided Study” and “Exercise” sections. Minimised floating frame

Access the “Properties of Metals” for a particular metal from the Main Page

Icon for “Guided Study”

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Icon for “Video Library”

Icon for “Photo Library”

Icon for “Metal Reactivity Series”

Icon for “Exercises” (Multiple Choice / Essay / Virtual Reaction)

Icon for “Note Pad”

Click for photos

Click for video clips

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Part B. Notes for Teachers

1. Introduction The reactions of metals and the metal reactivity series are major topics in the Secondary 4 chemistry curriculum. They illustrate the reactivity and the properties of various important metals, such as sodium and magnesium. The reactivity of metals serves as an introduction for two very important chemistry concepts – periodicity and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. From the metal reactivity series, many useful redox reactions and electrolytic reactions can be constructed. A remarkable example is the thermit reaction used for railway welding. This courseware is partly designed as a self-study package for S4-5 students. It guides the students to study the section of reactions of metals in the curriculum. Since chemistry is an experimental subject, the importance of observations and reaction phenomenon should be emphasised. The courseware comes with a comprehensive video library showing the reactions of metals with air, water and dilute acid solution. Selected displacement reactions and the thermit reaction are also included in the library. The video library facilitates the students to learn the reactivity and the reactions of the various common metals. Furthermore, the package also contains a photo library that includes the appearance of metals and their mineral ores, as well as an extensive collection of reaction snapshots. The courseware also serves as a library of digital photographs and video clips for both teachers and students to prepare presentations and assignments. Some of the reactions of metals are violent and possess certain hazards when performed in secondary school laboratories (e.g. the thermit reaction). The video library provides an alternative for students to have a glimpse of the observations of the vigorous reactions. Tutorials and exercises are also included in the courseware to enhance students’ understanding on the course materials. The “guided study” is to guide the students to study through the course contents on selected topics. The “multiple-choice exercise” serves as an exercise to test students’ understanding on what they have learnt. The “essay questions” is an advanced exercise for training the learning and writing skills of the students.

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2. Properties of Metals

Figure 1. The Main Page of the English version

The courseware includes a database of the general properties of 12 common metals (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, zinc, lead, copper, mercury, silver and gold). The database is constructed in bilingual (English/Chinese). The database can be accessed by either clicking the blue boxes on the periodic table on the main page, or from the pull-down menu at the upper-right corner of the main page.

Figure 2. The pull-down menu for accessing the properties of metals

The database shows the general properties for each metal and is organised in four sub-categories:

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Basic Facts

Name Atomic Number Atomic Mass Appearance Melting Point Boiling Point Density Group / Classification Electronic Shell Structure Common Oxidation States

Natural Source Common Minerals / Ores Chemical Composition of the Minerals Natural Abundance

Production and Applications Industrial Large-Scale Production Examples of Common Uses of the Metal

Reactivity Reactions with Air (Burning) Reactions with Water Reactions with Dilute Acid

Links are provided for the relevant photographs in the photo library.

3. Guided Study

The “Guided Study” section is accessed by clicking the icon located at the bottom of the page. A floating frame will be displayed to show the questions. The floating frame can be closed or minimised by clicking the appropriate icons located at the upper-right corner of the frame. This section consists of three sets of multiple-choice questions designed to cover the important points of the selected topics: • Thermit Reaction • Reactivity of Metals with Air • Reactivity of Metals with Water and Dilute Acids By working through the questions one by one, students can acquire the basic knowledge of the topics.

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Figure 3. The floating frame of guided study

The three round icons located at the upper-right corner allow students to switch to another topic during the exercise. Students answer the questions by clicking the round buttons on the left of the multiple-choice options and then click the “Check” button at the bottom to confirm. It will proceed to the next question if the answer chosen is correct. If the answer chosen is incorrect, however, the question will repeat until the correct answer is chosen. A “Reference” button will also appear at the lower right corner of the frame and it links to the relevant section for that question. The floating frame will minimise automatically when the “Reference” button is clicked, and can be re-opened by clicking the maximise button.

Figure 4. Minimised floating frame 4. Video Library The video library contains a collection of digitized video clips of the various reactions of metals. The video clips are organised into the following sub-categories:

• Reactions of Metals with Air (Burning of Metals) • Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acid • Reactions of Metals with Steam • Reactions of Metals with Water • Displacement Reactions

Link to other topics

Button to re-open the frame

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The video clips are annotated with bilingual captions. Slow motions are included in the clips for fast reactions for clear viewing. Click the thumbnail photos to play the clips. Microsoft® Windows Media Player® is required to play the clips. Place the mouse pointer over the red triangular scroll button to scroll the thumbnails across a category.

Figure 5. Video Library The list of the video clips with their filenames and paths in the CD-ROM is given in the appendix of this document. 5. Photo Library This courseware contains a comprehensive collection of digital photographs. The library contains the appearance of the metals and their minerals, as well as the snapshots of their reactions. The photographs are organised into the following categories:

• Appearance of Metals • Minerals of Metals • Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acids • Reactions of Metals with Air (Burning of Metals) • Reactions of Metals with Water • Thermit Reaction • Displacement Reactions in Aqueous Solution • Reduction of Metal Oxides

The photographs are annotated with bilingual captions. To view the photographs, click the thumbnail icons of the chemical symbols. A new window will be displayed to show the photographs. Place the mouse pointer over the red triangular scroll button to scroll the thumbnails across a category.

Scroll buttons

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The list of the photographs with their filenames and paths in the CD-ROM is given in the appendix of this document.

Figure 6. Photo Library 6. Metal Reactivity Series

Figure 7. Metal Reactivity Series The “Metal Reactivity Series” section can be accessed by clicking the icon listed at the bottom of the page. This section contains mainly textual description of the reactivity of the metals in air, water and dilute acid. Metals are listed in tables according to their reactivity and annotations are included to show the characteristics of their reactions. It

Scroll buttons

Links to photographs and video clips

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also includes a brief description of the applications of the metal reactivity series in metal oxide reduction processes and metal displacement reactions. Links are provided for fast access to the relevant digital photographs and video clips. 7. Exercises / Games Exercises and games are included in this courseware to test students’ understanding on the materials they have learnt, and to arouse students’ interest. There are three sub-sections in this category, namely: Multiple Choice Questions Essay-type Questions Virtual Reaction

7.1 Multiple Choice Questions The questions are shown in a floating frame which can be closed or minimised by clicking the appropriate buttons at the upper right corner of the frame. Clicking the maximise button of a minimised frame will re-open the frame and resume the test. In each multiple-choice test, eight questions are randomly chosen from a collection of 40 questions. To answer the questions, choose the best options by clicking the circle buttons on the left and click the “Next question” icons at the lower right corner to confirm the answer. At the end of the test, a report will be given to show the score of the test and the correct answers for the questions.

Figure 8. Multiple-Choice Exercise

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7.2 Essay-type Questions Three essay-type questions are included as an advanced exercise for the students. The aim of this exercise is to enhance the learning and writing skills of the students. Students are expected to browse the contents of the courseware, collecting useful information from different sections, taking notes using the notes tool provided in the package when necessary, and prepare an in-depth answer in the essay format.

Figure 9. Essay Questions – Choose One of the Three Topics

Figure 10. Essay Questions – Write the Answer in Microsoft® Word® and Submit to the Teacher

The three essay topics are “Displacement Reactions”, “Reactions of Metals and Their Compounds” and “Protection of Metals from Corrosion”. Choose the topic by clicking the “Try It” button on the right. A Microsoft® Word® document will be opened with the

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detailed question shown on the top. Students are expected to write their answers on the Word document and submit the completed essay to the teachers. 7.3 Virtual Reaction Two reactions are presented in the form of computer simulation in this courseware. They substitute for the experiments which may be too dangerous to perform, or the actual visual observations of which may be too subtle. The two computer simulated reactions are:

• Reaction of Potassium with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid • Reduction of Copper(II) Oxide to Copper by Carbon

To select and play the virtual reactions, click the red “Play” icon at the right hand side of the floating frame.

Figure 11. Virtual Reaction – Choose the Reaction by Clicking the “Play” Button

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Figure 12. Virtual Reaction –

Perform the Virtual Experiment According to the Instructions Prompted by the Red Allow

To perform the virtual experiments, follow the instructions prompted by the red arrow, and use the mouse to drag-and-drop the objects. 8. Notes Tool

Figure 13. Notes Tool

The package includes a “Notes Tool” to facilitate students to take notes while browsing the contents. Click the “Golden Pen” above the “Notes Tool” icon to open a new blank notes pad. The students can save the notes in the harddisk of the local computer or on a

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floppy disk. Click the “Silver Pen” above the “Notes Tool” to prompt for opening a previously saved note file. 9. Safety Remarks The reactions shown in this courseware may possess certain hazards. Students should not perform the experiments unless under the close supervision of experienced teachers in a properly equipped chemistry laboratory. 10. Acknowledgements We thank the Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) for lending of mineral samples for photograph taking. We are also most grateful to the Information Technology Services Centre, CUHK for the full support in preparing this courseware.

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Working Committee

Coordinators:

Mr. FONG Wai-hung, Raymond (Curriculum Development Institute (Science), EMB) Dr. MAK Kin-wah, Kendrew (Department of Chemistry, CUHK) Content Development (Chemistry): Dr. CHEUNG Yu-san (Department of Chemistry, CUHK) Dr. MAK Kin-wah, Kendrew (Department of Chemistry, CUHK) Prof. NG Kee-pui, Dennis (Department of Chemistry, CUHK) Content Development (Software and Multimedia Elements): Information Technology Services Centre, CUHK Mr. LEE Mau-fung, Ray (Production Coordinator) Content Reviewers: Mr. CHENG Kin-tak (United Christian College) Mr. NG Kai-bun (Fukien Secondary School – Siu Sai Wan) Language Consultant: Mr. KUAN Yuk-kin, Pier

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Appendix A: References

1. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed.; Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 1997.

2. Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G.; Murillo, C. A.; Bochmann, M. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1999.

3. Nentwig, J.; Kreuder, M.; Morgenstern, K. General and Inorganic Chemistry Made Easy; VCH: New York, 1992.

4. Hill, J. W.; Petrucci, R. H. General Chemistry: an Integrated Approach, 3rd ed.; Prentice Hall: N. J., 2002.

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Appendix B: List of Digital Photographs in the CD-ROM 1. Appearance of Metals

Potassium

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\potassium_appearance\ DSCN5503.jpg DSCN5505.jpg DSCN5507.jpg

Sodium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\sodium_appearance\ DSCN3488.jpg DSCN3470.jpg

Calcium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\calcium_appearance\ DSCN5448.jpg

Magnesium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\calcium_appearance DSCN3461.jpg

Aluminium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\aluminium_appearance\ DSCN3448.jpg

Zinc Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\zinc_appearance\ DSCN3482.jpg

Iron Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\iron_appearance\ DSCN5461.jpg

Lead Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\lead_appearance\ DSCN3476.jpg

Copper Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\copper_appearance\ DSCN3452.jpg

Mercury Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\mercury_appearance\ DSCN7925.jpg DSCN7928.jpg

Silver Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\silver_appearance\ DSCN5437.jpg

Gold Path: \cd\html_photo_library\appearance\gold_appearance\ DSCN7930.jpg

2. Minerals of Metals

Potassium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\potassium_mineral\ DSCN7840.jpg (Sylvite with Halite)

Sodium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\sodium_mineral\ DSCN7511.jpg (Halite) DSCN7495.jpg (Thenardite)

Calcium

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\calcium_mineral\ DSCN7482.jpg (Marble) DSCN7486.jpg (Gypsum) DSCN7499.jpg (Fluorite) DSCN7509.jpg (Calcite, Chalk)

Magnesium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\magnesium_mineral\ DSCN7452.jpg (Magnesite) DSCN7460.jpg (Dolomite)

Aluminium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\aluminium_mineral\ DSCN7462.jpg (Bauxite) DSCN7466.jpg (Gibbsite)

Zinc Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\zinc_mineral\ DSCN7491.jpg (Smithsonite) DSCN7532.jpg (Sphalerite)

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Iron

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\iron_mineral\ DSCN7476.jpg (Magnetite) DSCN7520.jpg (Magnetite) DSCN7517.jpg (Hematite) DSCN7540.jpg (Pyrite)

Lead Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\lead_mineral\ DSCN7525.jpg (Galena) DSCN7529.jpg (Minium)

Copper Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\copper_mineral\ DSCN7472.jpg (Mineral of copper metal) DSCN7537.jpg (Cuprite)

Mercury Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\mercury_mineral\ DSCN7897.jpg (Cinnabar)

Silver Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\silver_mineral\ DSCN7468.jpg (Mineral of silver metal)

Gold Path: \cd\html_photo_library\minerals\gold_mineral\ DSCN7892.jpg (Mineral of gold metal)

3. Reactions of Metals with Air (Burning of Metals)

Potassium

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\potassium_reaction_air\ DSCN6470.jpg (burning) DSCN6499.jpg (burning) DSCN6443.jpg (potassium oxides)

Sodium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\sodium_reaction_air\ DSCN3533.jpg (burning) DSCN3540.jpg (sodium oxides)

Calcium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\calcium_reaction_air\ DSCN3507.jpg (burning) DSCN3523.jpg (calcium oxide)

Magnesium

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\magnesium_reaction_air\ DSCN7971.jpg (burning) DSCN7972.jpg (burning) DSCN8033.jpg (magnesium oxide)

Aluminium

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\aluminium_reaction_air\ DSCN5882.jpg (burning) DSCN5924.jpg (burning) DSCN5992.jpg (aluminium oxide)

Zinc

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\zinc_reaction_air\ DSCN6094.jpg (burning) DSCN6116.jpg (hot zinc oxide) DSCN6125.jpg (cold zinc oxide)

Iron

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\iron_reaction_air\ DSCN6147.jpg (burning) DSCN6198.jpg (burning) DSCN6216.jpg (iron oxides)

Lead Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\lead_reaction_air\ DSCN6277.jpg (heating) DSCN6301.jpg (lead oxide)

Copper Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_air\copper_reaction_air\ DSCN6360.jpg (heating)

4. Reactions of Metals with Water

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Potassium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_water\potassium_reaction_water\ DSCN5674.jpg DSCN5695.jpg

Sodium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_water\sodium_reaction_water\ DSCN5587.jpg

Calcium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_water\calcium_reaction_water\ DSCN5228.jpg

Magnesium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_water\magnesium_reaction_water\ DSCN5241.jpg (cold water) DSCN5250.jpg (hot water)

5. Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acids

Calcium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_acid\calcium_reaction_acid\ DSCN5197.jpg

Magnesium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_acid\magnesium_reaction_acid\ DSCN5182.jpg

Aluminium Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_acid\aluminium_reaction_acid\ DSCN5190.jpg

Zinc Path:\cd\html_photo_library\reaction_acid\zinc_reaction_acid\ DSCN5485.jpg

Iron Path: \cd\html_photo_library\reaction_acid\iron_reaction_acid\ DSCN5170.jpg

6. Thermit Reaction

Thermit Reaction

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\thermit_reaction\thermit_reaction\ DSCN6531.jpg (mixture of aluminium powder and iron oxide) DSCN6559.jpg (thermit reaction) DSCN6521.jpg (thermit reaction) DSCN6597.jpg (thermit reaction) DSCN6542.jpg (thermit reaction) DSCN6560.jpg (thermit reaction) DSCN6623.jpg (solidified iron metal)

7. Displacement Reaction

Copper with Silver Nitrate Solution

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\displacement_reaction\Copper_SilverNitrate\ DSCN3150.jpg (reaction of copper with silver nitrate) DSCN3151.jpg (tiny crystals of silver metal)

Iron with Copper Sulfate Solution

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\displacement_reaction\Iron_CopperSulphate\ DSCN3219.jpg (reaction of iron with copper sulphate) DSCN3222.jpg (copper formed on iron surface)

8. Reduction of Metal Oxides

Heating of Mercury(II) Oxide

Path: \cd\html_photo_library\redution_metal_oxides\Heating_alone\heating_mercury(II)oxides\ DSCN7845.jpg (mercury(II) oxide) DSCN7868.jpg (heating of mercury(II) oxide) DSCN7880.jpg (mercury metal formed)

Heating of Silver Oxide Path: \cd\html_photo_library\redution_metal_oxides\Heating_alone\heating_silver(I)_oxides\ DSCN7787.jpg (silver oxide) DSCN7803.jpg (heating of silver oxide)

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DSCN7815.jpg (testing for oxygen) DSCN7816.jpg (testing for oxygen) DSCN7839.jpg (silver metal formed)

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Appendix C: List of Digitized Video Clips in the CD-ROM 1. Reactions of Metals with Air (Burning of Metals)

Path: \cd\video\burning\

Burning of Potassium potassium.wmv

Burning of Sodium sodium.wmv

Burning of Calcium calcium.wmv

Burning of Magnesium magnessium.wmv

Burning of Aluminium aluminium.wmv

Burning of Zinc zinc.wmv

Burning of Iron Powder iron_powder.wmv

Burning of Lead lead.wmv

Burning of Copper Powder copper_powder.wmv

2. Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acid Path: \cd\video\reaction_acid\

Reaction of Calcium with Dilute Acid calcium.wmv

Reaction of Magnesium with Dilute Acid magnesium.wmv

Reaction of Zinc with Dilute Acid zinc.wmv

Reaction of Iron with Dilute Acid iron.wmv

3. Reactions of Metals with Steam Path: \cd\video\reaction_steam\

Reaction of Magnesium with Steam magnesium.wmv

4. Reactions of Metals with Cold Water Path: \cd\video\reaction_water\

Reaction of Potassium with Cold Water potassium.wmv

Reaction of Sodium with Cold Water sodium.wmv

Reaction of Calcium with Cold Water calcium.wmv

Reaction of Magnesium with Cold & Hot Water magnesium.wmv

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5. Displacement Reactions Path: \cd\video\displacement\

Thermit Reaction: Aluminium with Iron(III) Oxide thermit.wmv

Displacement Reaction: Iron and Copper(II) Sulphate Solution fe.wmv

Displacement Reaction: Copper and Silver Nitrate Solution cu.wmv