itaipu a business activity monitoring system designed for business users prof. jacob slonim june 27,...
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ItaipuA Business Activity Monitoring system designed for business users
Prof. Jacob Slonim June 27, 2009
Student: Azza Abouzied, MCSc
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Largest hydroelectric dam in the world, provides 20% of Brazil’s and 94% of Paraguay’s power
Outline
• Motivation
• Related Work
• Research Questions
• Our vision of BAM: Itaipu
• Multi-dimensional analysis
using Stream Cubes
• Usability
• Future Work
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• Provide just-in-time analysis of business events– Business Intelligence (BI)
• Business Objects– Initiated research– Different approaches
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Research Goal
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Enterprise’s Global Responsiveness and Agility
• Wal-Mart sales employees– Oil prices increase– Weather predictions– Canadian tire discounts garden products– Will we make the quarter?
Motivation
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
• Continuous queries over data streams– Continuous query
• has implications on multiple query optimization– Infinite, unbounded, data streams
• Single-pass processing, processing bounds, or approximation techniques required
• Ad-hoc queries
• Dynamic environment
• Target business end-users NOT technical analysts
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• Complex Event Processing Systems– Cayuga– Origin: Business Process Management– Business Objects Approach
• Data Stream Management Systems– STREAM– Aurora, Borealis– TelegraphCQ– Origin: Monitoring sensor networks
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Related Work
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Research Questions1. Could we reuse DSMS for a BAM system?
2. Could we provide multi-dimensional analysis of data streams?
3. Could we simplify and expedite query write-up for business users?
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Largest hydroelectric dam in the world, provides 20% of Brazil’s and 94% of Paraguay’s power
Itaipu• Spring
– Data Source
• Dam– Query processing
unit
• Delta– Results display and
storage
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Itaipu’s big picture
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Brief design overview of Itaipu
• Two more questions left:
– Multidimensional data analysis of stream data
– Enhancing user-experience or usability
Recap & What’s Next?
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city, sub_category
city, categorycountry, sub_category
country, category
country, allall, category
all, all
city, allall, sub-category
Cuboid
Base cuboid
Apex cuboid
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Cube: a multi-dimensional data model
• Dimensions– Region: (city < country
< all)– Product: (sub-category
< category < all)
• Measures– Sum, count,
average
• SizeProduct
dimensionRegion dimension
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Stream Cubes
• Han et. al introduced stream cubes
• Minimally-interesting (m-layer) and observation layers (o-layer)
• Partial Materialization– Popular drilling path
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Conceptual representation of a tilted time frame
Stream Cubes
• Tilted Time frame– Time dimension– Distant aggregates
provided at larger granularities in comparison to more recent ones
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Difference in perspective
• Popular drilling path– Users interested in o-layer and occasionally drill down– Path could be selected by an expert– Users drilling path is not likely to change
• Dynamic materialization path– User requests are distributed at different abstraction
layers– User requests are likely to change or evolve over the
course of the cube’s lifetime in the system
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city, sub_category
city, categorycountry, sub_category
country, category
country, allall, category
all, all
city, allall, sub-category
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Drivers for change• External factors
– Oil prices increase– Export and oil-based products
affected– Shift towards viewing more
product information, less regional detail
• Competition• Seasonal• Market or economic
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Dynamic Materialization Path
• Simple and efficient approach– Linear cost-effectiveness function– Dynamic programming approach
• Cost-effectiveness function– Memory cost– Popularity effect– Update potential
• Adapts to different operating environments– Weighted cost-effectiveness =- α(Memory cost) + β(Popularity) + γ(update potential)
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Update potential?
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
α = 0.5,
β = 1.0 ,
γ = 0.75
Simulated example
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
city, sub_category
city, categorycountry, sub_category
city, allcountry, category
country, all
all, all
all, category
all, sub_category
Resetting Path
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Resetting paths on demand
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Benefit of dynamic path materialization?
• Flexible– Follows user requests
• Low reliance on IT staff– Suitable for just-in-time operation
• How does it affect data stream processing?– Queue Size measure
• How does it affect memory consumption– Memory usage
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Data rate ≈ 12,000
Experimental Setup
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Experimental Setup
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Results – Queue size
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Results – Memory consumption
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
So, is it better?
• Conclusion– Situation dependent: more flexible solution– Not suitable when fixed memory guarantees are
required
• Are their better dynamic path materialization algorithms?– Probably– Our aim: simple, efficient, something that works!– Future improvements?
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Recap & What’s Next?
• Brief design overview of Itaipu
• Optimization work with stream cubes
• Last question:– Enhancing user-experience or usability for Itaipu’s
business end-users
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
BAM user experience
• Bottleneck to the adoption of BAM– Operational decision making requires query
enabling technology
– The entire organization utilizes BAM: training effort needs to be minimal
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
A usability framework
Jarke’s & Vassiliou’s model:• Training Effort
• Repeated Efforts– Thinking
• Self-construction• Assisted-construction
– Input– Correction
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Lessons Learned from database usability
• The simpler the task, the less query formulation effort is required.– Corollary: Limiting the functionality of a query
interface, makes it easier to use– Query by example– Query by forms
• Collaboration reduces the training effort– C-TORI– SearchTogether
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Redrawn from a table in Jarke et Vassiliou, 1985
BAM’s user profile
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Our usability solution
• Query Frames– Created by data analysts– Simplify query formulation to completing a query outline– Transformed easily to a form interface
• Query search– Each query or query frame is associated with textual
descriptions– Users and analysts could share queries and query frames– Passive collaboration– Keyword-based Google-like search interface
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Query Frames
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Dimension Query Frame
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Dimension Query Frame
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Itaipu’s Search Interface
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Itaipu’s Search Interface
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Analytical Evaluation
Goal Query Frames Search
Training Thinking
Self construction Assisted construction
Input Correction
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Hypothesis Result
A DSMS could be used as the core of a BAM system Dynamic path materialization is better suited for the data stream model Query entry could be simplified with the help of query frames and query sharing ≈
Final Recap
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Further studies to validate some our hypotheses
• A vision for BI
What’s in the future?
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Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
Conclusion
• Business Objects was convinced with our solution:– Itaipu’s architecture– Stream Cube extension– Query frame and query search
1 0
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Thank for the support of:
NSERC, Business Objects,
Business Intelligent
Network
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Questions ?
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Spring
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Framework, based on data sources,– define
• Properties (allows drop)
• Data rate• Push/pull
– create:• Data Transformer• Data Streamer
• Data specification
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Dam: Execution Engine
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Execution Engine– Variant of pipe &
filter architecture
– Similar to Fjords model
– Works like an Operating system
• Thread Manager• Queue Manager• Operator Builder
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Execution Engine: Queue Manager
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
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Execution Engine: Queue Manager
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
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Execution Engine: Thread Manager
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
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Execution Engine: Operator Builder
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• XML multiple-query plan– Decouple query planning/optimizing from execution engine
• Java to XML Binding (JAXB)– Builds a content object model for each XML element
representing an operator
• Framework for building operators– Hierarchy of builders (Operator -> Aggregators -> SUM)– Update existing network of operators
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Dam: Query Processing Unit
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Query Language– SQL-like with windowing constructs– Industry standard
• Current implementation– Extremely naïve– Open source tools
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Delta
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• End-user interface– Displaying and storing results– Searching for queries in the query catalog or inserting
new queries using SQL or modifying query frames
• Communicates with execution engine – Delta is thick client, execution engine is the server– XML messages over a TCP channel
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• Memory cost
Example c1 = country, c2 = product category, |c1| = 5,
|c2| = 10, then |(c1, c2)| = 5 * 10 = 50
A good cuboid
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
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A good cuboid
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Popularity
• Update Potential
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Cost-effectiveness function
Motivation Related work Itaipu Usability Future workStream Cubes
• Cuboid
• Path