ITALIAN GARDEN

S Italy has humid subtropical to humid continental and oceanic climate, similar to that of Indian climate.

Contents INTRODUCTION HISTORY FEATURES OF ITALIAN GARDENS ELEMENTS OF ITALIAN GARDENS EXAMPLE

“If you have a Garden and a Library, you have everything you need.” - marcus tullius cicero (from a book)

INTRODUCTION Italian gardens are known as Italian renaissance gardens . In terms of design italian gardens are the best in Europe, and best residential

gardens in the world.

It was inspired by classical ideals of order and beauty , and intended for the pleasure of the view of the garden .

Italian gardens are based upon the :

symmetry axial geometry order over nature.

During renaissance period, change in : political, literature, industries, art and culture, architecture took place.

History Italian renaissance garden was a new style

of garden which emerged in the late 15th century at villas, in Rome and Florence .

Innovated the art of gardening as well as the architecture of water ways.

Prior to the Italian Renaissance , Italian Medieval gardens were enclosed by walls and were devoted to growing vegetables, fruits and medicinal herbs . Monastery gardens for silent meditation and prayer.

Pipes built to create fountains with continuously flowing of water.

The Italian Renaissance garden broke down the wall between the garden, the house, and the landscape outside.

FEATURES OF ITALIAN GARDENS

Geometrical patterned beds , or parterres are a distinct element of Italian style.

Traditionally , Italian garden had few flowers. Display and backdrop for sculpture. Contrast of sun and shades . Water features Green being dominant color of the Italian garden. no single style in Italian gardens, have been shaped by climate, geography ,

history and Roman Renaissance. displays careful design to showcase man’s control over nature. A perfect Italian garden brings them with fusion of formal and informal

spaces. The geometrical plants take care of formal preview and a natural

presentation suffices for the informal space. Separated into compartments that could be named, enclosed, and hidden

to create an unfolding sequence of spaces. The axis organized and unified the whole composition

ELEMENTS OF ITALIAN GARDENS

1. Staircases2. Balustrades3. Sculpture4. Cascades Pavilion5. Parterres6. Hedges7. Shady Walkways8. Water Fountains9. Pavement10. Grotto11. Promenade

VILLA D’ ESTE (1538-1572)

It is the most outstanding Renaissance fountain garden in the world. VILLA D’ESTE is a 16th century villa in TIVOLI, ROME. VILLA D’ESTE is famous for its ITALLIAN RENAISSANCE GARDENS , especially for• its profusion of FOUNTAINS. It is now under UNESCO World Heritage site. The villa has 51 fountains 368 jets 64 waterfalls 220 basins

Water are fed by an intricate network of tunnels , canals and pipes without a single pump. the main source of water is the river which is flowing nearby.

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The VILLA D’ESTE at TIVOLI is one of the grandest and best preserved of the Italian Renaissance gardens. Its extraordinary systems of fountains fed by 875 meters of canals. These all fountains works entirely by the force of gravity , without pumping.PIRRO LIGORIO who was responsible for the layout of gardens for the villas.

PLAN: The garden plan is laid out on a central axis with subsidiary cross axes , refreshed by some 500 jets in fountains , pools and water troughs.

A large terrace,200meters long, called the VIALONE, lies between the villa and the gardens . It was constructed between 1568-1569. It was shaded by two rows of ELM trees. The terrace is enclosed at one end by the Fountain of Europa , and at the other end by an immense loggia and belvedere in the form of a triumphal arch called CENACOLO. This structure provides shade in summer. In the centre of the terrace, attached to the façade of villa, is made in 1566-1577 of travertine stone, Its two stairways provide access to the ceremonial salons on the lower floor, while its upper level created a terrace for the Cardinal’s apartments, where the Fountain of Leda is located. Two ramps lead down to the upper garden from fountain of tripod, and there are symmetrical double flights of stairs at either end.

THE VIALONE OR TERRACE

FOUNTAINS

A huge amount of earth was excavated and used to construct new terraces ,arcades, grottos, nitches.

The nearby river Aniene was diverted to furnish water for the complex system of pools, water jets, channels, fountains, cascades and water games.

The steep slope of garden; more than 45m from top to bottom; posed special challenges.

Canals were dug and 200m of underground pipes were laid to carry the water from artificial mountain under the oval fountain to rest of the garden

The land was acquired and construction was planned to begin at the end of 1550.

Following the aesthetic principles of the renaissance, the garden was carefully divided into regular units or compartments each thirty meters across lad out along longitudinal median axis with five lateral axes.

TOPIC OBSERVATION CONCLUSIONContext Located at an altitude and at

corner of the town Tivoli.The villa and gardens are designed at various levels by considering climate.

Circulation Not in a single direction, diverts to various spaces of garden.

Entry leads through the villa and ends at SENSE OF SURPRISE.

Vegetation Elm trees and fruit trees, parterres and hedges.

This thick traditional form of vegetation gives pleasure.Not used according to the climatic conditions.

Hydrology Natural body- river Aniene and Tiber

Through gravity instead of pumping.Water is used wisely for too many water features.

Built form Built form is the villa ,which is at the starting of the site.

Can have visual connection with the garden behind and the whole town in the front.

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