italy and fascism. context for the rise of fascism italians were dissatisfied with the peace...
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![Page 1: Italy and Fascism. Context for the Rise of Fascism Italians were dissatisfied with the peace settlement following WWI. (they did not get the territorial](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfd51a28abf838cad947/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Italy and Fascism
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Context for the Rise of Fascism
• Italians were dissatisfied with the peace settlement following WWI. (they did not get the territorial gains, that they had been promised)
• Italy was facing big economic problems like all of Europe.
• Communist movements were threatening traditional Italian ways.
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Benito Mussolini
• A socialist party member until WWI when his views shifted to Ultra-Nationalism. • Wanted to strengthen the Italian state (nation). Formed the Fascio di Combattimento“League of Combat” 1919• Created the 1st fascist state.
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Fascism
• A political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler.
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Fascist Movement Seizes Power
• 1920-1921 Mussolini’s “Black Shirts” or “Squadristi” use violence to suppress socialist/communist movements.
• 1922 the fascist ultra-nationalistic movement has wide middle-class support and Mussolini threatens to take Rome if not given power.
• The King as well as the Catholic Church agree to make Mussolini prime minister by 1926 he has solidified his totalitarian control of Italy.
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Totalitarian Methods of Control• Secret Police (OVRA)• Controlled mass media spread Propaganda
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• Spread fascism through youth groups, 2 out of 3 children in Italy were part of fascist organizations. Promoted Militarism.
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»What do you think?
• What role should politics and the military play in children and teenagers lives?
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Influence of the Church
• Mussolini signed the Lateran Accords with the Catholic Church which gave Vatican City sovereignty.
• In return the Pope supported Mussolini’s regime, the church actively promoted and asked its members to support him.
• All other religions (other than Catholicism) were outlawed.
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Catholicism gets its own Nation
• Pope Pius XI/Mussolini The Vatican
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZc
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Review
• List the factors that allowed Mussolini to gain power.
• Define fascism.
• List three methods of control that Mussolini used?