itbftitltj1~jfjt~~:t~~jfl - core · 2016-07-20 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
.itbftitltJ1~jfJt~~:t~~JfllEI •
- , f4~t~:jrtJftz~~""" ···•..·..· •..• ·..·· · • ·3
=, ~1!:i=J:ttJ.tli!~*Z~m ·..·..· ·· ·..• · · 4
- , ~~-i~J~r-~$:jrtJf*z~~ ..· · 5=' ~if~f.!!~r-~~~:jrtJfAtZ.'fJj'~· ·..·· ·..· ·· •· · ··..· ·..·..·6-= ' ~t:~*:jrtJt,: 6
Hlm?'~J&ft ~Ji:JlJ&t~ ~~r-~$~ilJ:i:jrtJf*
03 ' ~ii:~jjjjilJ:iM!f*"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 71i ' tf*M!~jJ*ztk:~ ..··....•..·•..........•..·..·......•........·....·..·..··..·........ 8
••tllltiliitAA ... is! • ~ ~ !.Ii. ~d1 ~J
-, :jrtJt*~crt·Z§tt:J ·..·..· · · · · · ·l0
=, lfJj.lf.[lilittltlmf1i· ..····..·················· ..·..···· ..······· ..·..··..·..···..··· ·..· ·10H~if3ii ~:lrtJt*1UJj ~tJ*Z:jrtJ~ ~f,J:JtU~W:f.!!:jrtJf*#Hi(ffttZ{tjcri·
~m¥g~:jrtJ.~••~••mZ~.-= ' ~*1t:jrtJt~··· ..··..·······....··..·..··....·..·..·....·..·..•·....·..·..·..··..........·..·..·20
H~~ ~t~*Z:jrtJ~ ~ffl:~;&rJ<f.\!:jrtJt*fi!jlilttlf.zfi5nt· ~*'*1t:jrtJf*
~••~k'il~.mZ'fIJ.
- , ?t§:jrtJt*Z:~~· ·..·..· · ·..· ·· ··..· ·..· ·..·..•..·· ·22=' ?tJl!!f:jrtJf*z§ ({:J ·22
-= ' .?Z?t§ ·.· ·..· 22
Hf1!!fl!.5'r§ ~1l.*;J\ ~JJj:~f.!!jt~. ~ffifIB%~ en1~~-£-?tn;;
03 ' !flpg:jrtJttlf.tizj~:Ifz..·..·..·..·•....·..·..·..·..· ·..·..·..·..•..·..·· •..·..·24.Ii ' ffl:w:;&{:(,tf.!!:fltJtlt1flifiH4:z{tj!H···· ..··..·····..·· ··..·..·..·· ·..· 2
4
~)i."* ~~ *- ~ ~ ~
-, t~*?t~Z§({:J ··..·· · ·..·· ·..·..·..· • ·..· 35
- 1 ~
.=. ' It{7lJ?}~rt;:······ ..····· ..·..···..·..·..·..·..···· ..··· ..··· ..·..··· ..·· ....·..···..··..·..·35:=:. ' iWlt{7lJ?}i!Rrt;: ..··..············ ..······· ..·..·..···· ..·..········ ..··..··········· ..···· ..·36
H.~?}~ ~mM.~?}~ ~lt~.~~~..~?}~ "~~?}i!R
~~~~*.~?}i'R ~B~~~~~~~*?}i!R
gy , t**?}i!Rjj~z:J':R:ff ..· ·40
~ ~"* :ltfl };,.J~ ~ ~dd~
-, :$fl!j'H%!Ill.I&~t*Z~~..··..·......· · ·..·..·..·..·..· ·........· ·..··..42.=.' .r.Hmt*:tFh'U~ID5J1"t~fflz~l!!I;· ·..· ··..·..··..·..· ·..·..·..· ·..·42
:=. ' ·~.&Jj[~~UIT~t1i ..··..··..··· · ·· ·..·43
H.f1!lt*~~~Z*W;[ H~M*/J\~~rJqmrMlJ (=:)PSU (;f;tmY%~~)
z.f1!l~ "~~~~~~n~z~~
gy , .=.~t'f~tmti·"·"·"·,,,,·,,·,,· ·47
H~t~~~~Z*ilJ;( (l)PSU*/J\Z~~ (2Ht'fpg;j:§M*Ij\~-6~~lt~z.~ (=:)~e~.R~~~.z~M
- , ;Wlt{7IJ7.l·~Zffllt : ·..· · 52
.=. ,~ef,~~.~zp:f'''').Z{tifii'· ..·.. ·..· · ·· ..·.. ·..·..·.. ··· ··..·· ·..·..·52
m-~{t.mtt±!Ill.m~;flJm7.l·~ijl~*1"f{~~fi.zftim·
:=:. ' tmt*~~.zftifil· ..··..·..·..···· ·..·..·..·..·· ·..· ·55
[J11 , :=.~:fiM*~~~,.SiiFp.yoOJtl1l<z{i'i\fr······ ..······· ..·..···..··..···· ..···· ..·..·······56
- , trn'l'r·~~1l{i!iiIh[t· ····· ..···..·· ..·..····..· · ·..·· · ·57
.=.' Lt'{·\{(ifii}t· ..·.. · ··..,..·· ··..· ·· ·..· · ···· ..·· ·57:=:. ' J@Jihii{i5fii'~"""""'""" · ·.. ·60
gy , fil'~l1lf{7IJ ·60
Ii. ' {1~;·i:·jj'7'.t·ztJ~ff· ..· ··..· ·..· ··..· ·63
- , t**tI:i.1i{ltiTIJ1>jtf1!:z1ijil.:
H~;j\f1j:fl'-~$'Fr:§Tj¥fit***/J\
~~-xErnif{ft1f:mm1f~*z:f(/J\
.=. ' *ifttmtlif&;;lz,*n*ilJ;(:=:. ' i: t[f!~~mfIJffl?}~~!Htf.h~JJJ RfJ!(f-li!1.!1t fi rdi5 rrtI1f~
-2~
.$ft~n.~~••••~M~~~.~*~~•••~o~m~m~~~~hli••*1CiWf.lVt.- ' 1Jtff:iIE-ytt:)7HJf~JE 0 ill~*1CITtlJ&*$i~~JEMf*{jJ;i!&Jf.f
i*:~-M1*].mtlU'flHIi!i!&J.ftz;t~ 91 &~Jl.ltZiUjjWEiJ~ 0 'Ii ft{ll~m:~ lilt1Jtat:M-.tfM**.~JI1~*{I'1.f.Rl1!:~(f]-JJ:l;;rrJJ..m ; mtm , mlfiiJ:l!trj]fj'lHff(:Jt1i* ? :ft~A~rf~
*~~JE0ft:1Ht~tt:l~J"Gf.}.~:? ;!'tTiJwf!l,%f{iiJ? o/}~ 0 H;f~ , 1&tlll1'tlr9m:!llIj~
{(:J H}.~rj:l ~{J)*:tfHg/ITJ tt:J iiili ' J1JJ VJiiffijtlll{iiJ :lWj~ , '1m nrm }3IJ /ITJ:fl tt:J iTh'i* ' :IW:f* tt:l:JJ
~~~.~~aornM~M*=~~-'~-.ft.ft~m.~,~.*:IW~~
~m~~~~*n:r~#ZW~oft~'M~~m~.~~.mmm~o~1&~ft
{rHmf~z:f***jJgt\~~JEro:~ , ftljtm{ilJtl?:iliJF1t:ff;;fq!H!}nr~l';z*Ji* ' ~i1Jt*1fm~~**~~~~~WT~AZ~*?x-M~~'~~ff{ilJ.~~JE~-M~•• z~GFtHIH~- , ittIttjF89~Ujilh(ITIT~ , ft{ll~~~~~!f:M-£}'M~ffl;1ff-tr~-jJUJ2UIlil
fi ' Mi£ ' tf*IDI.J1f. ' 'l'~J-_ ' 'if;l!x:'F:IfffIDI.J~f.M~ 0 lEIJlt ' tm{ilJj~f~HHH1i*7)1'1- ,{uj;!'tJlt2f.Z r",~a 0
(-)4~4~~_~~~~.~~~*~<,
4).~iLY:Jf.fm:$$~rr~flIJ~*.ft' 0{tj~jw~ff:~tlf.*ffdjHf~1:.~~* ' •~mm'm#.~,~~~~£z.m••NMMtl~•••~; ••~~'ff:
~1:.~~*~~'.~W~*••IDI.J~'~.*1Cm·~~'~.*ft~*1C~-A~0
lt~me!H-.li~$i!Qg+1L~(1956~60) z~~~'~~itfft~~Qt~~;!'t1~*0 illJJ:l;; *1Gajf.IH~ ¥rt -J-&t R; , ~ J'e:f5~ftJf.ft% ~!'t1:. 5: ' ttlJE.miTt-lli]@i!~ J"G0lZ1M ~rft.~~~~ft~~~~.~.~o.~~ft~,~~~Jlt§~;mA.ffi~z
n:r~~$i!.~~o~•••~~,~~.*zM~~.*~.~~~1JtIff:~~~~~~.lEI*'~~m~g.~M.~w~o~~~~.~~~,~~&~~
{iH:/i:*$i!ftlr'~*A':J§a9mffi1-ft-r. ' ..~nr~tJ ' {EUg~*1Cf)jftn ' .w1~~ftZmfw~~~0~SZ~~·'Mm~~~sm.'~At\~~o
(~).*•••_~*~~~~~~~~ti
.~U~~~~~)E7Jtl?f~*~WlM5:;J' ~£J.~if.lt~~1tiliiro:1Wi\ifi'Z 0 ~~~;!&
, {1]\ f(:Jliff:1E *k!f;llk~ r:p f!f m~§TMztf;;js: tnJ{ilJ iTri~ 0 rtttl*~.w1m J1::}j (Ii] f(:J:t1t H'ITITJltm*m0~*M.~~••z,~;!'t~fifi§m~Jj~o£.,~~m~.z"*'M.~~~~.P.~'~.~*~~~MzIAo/ITJ~ili0~~~
JJu liff JE::g·z{gi1~., :
-3-
3<.a{iiJ-fll!mftijf7'l¥031rJt~M$:Z§ B'~ 0 1Wt~IDt.1iXW~9lH!OO~~Mi : Bffl1rB':Jtf*'!-f&JHtl~~J:1ttJW~~B'~t~A0 :J!B~~ijf7'l~<~-:~I'!JJ!~JF!i~ ,ijfJE:zfH~
~~.*o~.JtS~fi~~~.~~~ijf7'l,~.ijfJE:Z§OO:J!~~.~~ •• ~••~.A~~o~~ijfJEI~:z~.a-.~fift~o.~~N••••~~~~moo*~~~~~fi~~~~~~:zM~~~'~~W~~~~~~'
1Wt~f&~P1J1t-~fjJ\tlll{iiJ~~W¥~lX~~{7IJ*:Zf~*~:P0 ,&ijfJE:z§~;I0{~~rJl
t1:.~J!{tnltRm~mt~~lttJ!!'i9X:Il~'l!t!fi:ZIl~~~~~~m1l1r~fij!~5!W~!!'i '§ *t'H~~)tZIl.ptz~~~ , 1llit~iBtJj-~T1lJ~~tnl{iiJ:tEmff~if!Jm~~f-'J:r~:P~*rI- ' s)E!iJ*-~ ~:tIll{iiJ {i'iJH5:im.~~ ~r&'pm ijf 7'l~t,* 0 li;'~B'~§ B'~:tE~itt~
•••~~~·~~~~:Z~~.~.OOM,~m~*'~.'.MwM••~~, ;ltjlfi1J,*~f;j\tnl{iiJnro:~1JlJB~JIy , 5HBt**~!m{iiJ.:tr¥tfili11j- , ~~l1:r*,Ii;.f:
;f:E1r~ft.:zlt1 ~r)~J'IJa*Z*Pf~~ 0
(-)~~~•._~l_n~~.~-~:Z•••*fi~~mft!iJmmM~.~.~W~~.~:ZM•••~M
.W:Z!iJ~.*,!-oft~ft*'!-!iJ~~ft••~~.~-~••:zm~'~~~Jt~••BR.~*:zm.oXfi••*'!-~~nft~.m.-~m~WA.~W:Z~Jfl~h15H;t~?£ ' *!iJml.l~~Yl~*Jj\ , l¥Jjif!.'tW;JFtiif!.'t~W••*~~*A ' ~fiPff!'t
?£:z~fi£~ ,mfMt*1CrWfiHl;-tf/1~1i,j~-Ii'Al•• ' ~J1R~iIR.i1*~Jtl1H~;*jfi~~1rffi{@z~~1H1 0
••fi~.W&~;I0-~•••R~~z=~'~AA~:z.~ft•••~~~.m~.ff-*,~m~••mBE.-~••••W&~~~*'liM~m~'f*J-~Btt••~iRtW;B!&jiiliJ:ZJi!~l1' ~t~~mJlli,1illiJfI!{till(iiJ;I0£'~Z~.'ti't
tliJ~\& 0
!iJw:z~~mft~.~AO~fflz.~~~~~ftzm~~~~.AO~k
slU~~C 0 l&.fNlt'±~~~~.:Zfflifjlj , TIJ~-~:'NQ~~Jlli.mrTlIZ~ift«AE~)f:tIj
fM';m6i'Jl'B~tI1 ' ffl1Gf.Hc~:Z'iITJ1J 0
(.::..) ~ii\ ?'-1t~ , ~~i-<~1}l1~~~>Itj,i
1tt.~~::R~*v,t~1rff~~l!!~ 0 ~.:zm~~IUlfBA:rmMJ:7JilM!ffjlj , 3<.1JnB~~~~~.'~~*~~~'~~~$*~'~M~~m~~~o~~~~
~:&:&tJt~ , JI~l!!~MJ~{i , !t~~Z:\iM;5:~*~JC,\ , Jt*~:zti1~tJ'ffi;l0:J)t:
~.Am~~mmN'#.M~R:Zl&ao~B'~~@.~M~~~:\iM.z
rMI- , 4iH~.wA lttl3!;ml~mf;tm~Zfli~~~!iJSf1It~~~~$.3't:~I&~~
fI~~~!jilttf1:. eEtuItBin:: )EiJI!~1m ~iJ:z~~ 0 kS1 f.S:ff jfiJ ~'1\:z~ ~1jit*~B'jlE
-4-
~ffl~~M.'.~~B7fi*m~*~~••~~,m"~ft.~.~.~~~1E:~~tf~.~1t;itz1:t1f0 3Z.lEl.~~7*#aft!f¥ll ' 91J3fj*~J:~Z~\%~Z~~,mM~~~~.~~z.~'~ft~a.~~~~'~.MMm~.~~
, :tflff.J't*~ 0
~z'~7~~n~zm.'~*#am~~~'~~~~~Z\%~~m~~
Mit' rp rH'Jmz&~~IIfrl!fl'X1!!fnJ~ , lElTIii~1>tE.lI'M~z*~Ti'f't.~@Tf,t~Hl
~@TmMz.~~moM~fu~*~7.~~m.~z.~o
(~) ~"k~&;'~,j;Jt~~ 1f""*tall;H'tZmrnfH'f7J:8llf~.~*~~t.5J}]Z~j* ' ~ § Z ' -tl!.~~"~Jl~z
&~o~B,~m~-~*-.~ft••~~.'~Rft*~W.~ft~zmMN.m'k.~~~ft~Wm~-.A.~~@o
~q,\4mt* (Probability Sampling) JJt!'t~4mt*1HJlJ~1 , ~ffl:~r:jl4S-Ml'(!
tt,~~.~•• ,~~~~g.~:
(l)ffl:~~z4S-gWtt~.n~*~.~nB~'~~~*~~o
( 2) t~*4mt~zjHt ' JJtt:(l):lJ1Z.i:f';~Wt1.z1ltj~ 0
(3) {Mi·{~,-mHlHjf{~~ffi'2Z(l)J1iz.::t,\0
~~J1iJJ@T~W.'i';JmJl.lJ (Probability Rule) ,/))~n$J~.if\~;JF.i:f,;
~*Z~m,~-~*zM.a~~m~J1iz-~'M~.n••g*oa-~ft~~.~~*,~~ft~g*~z4S-g~tt~~~~~~.ft?ZM••• offoJtt:~ftll-~¥Jl\J!t,,*.if;z'1:'~ , JlJJ~ti* '1ifI{~.~Q ' l!fl~~mn.~,1t~* 0
f&mJftrfrfffiz:'N~n:!tf>tft#az#a± ' .'i~t1*F&iiH~IJ~ij!Jz:~~~lJ'fll~±zJmM'*W*R?~~~'~¥.~~M'TIii.?~Z~-~~.~n=~Z~
~'~.~~~n~~~,~w*~~.$~*o~~••~*m.~~~~,~~.N~$'~~~M.~~~~~'~~Bg~~~'ft.nM~~~z
$ID'~~~~~rr~~~ff~~~o
fJT~1!Hf.~WMtt (Non- Probability Sampling) 7'JMt**zM.~{M1·
fitlZm~~ , /l~il'TJ-.i!!hz~lJ{.;.y.}JmftIJ~ 0 ?r..~~Mtit**zM!.~~~~Vi~
~f!~{!J<Ii!tf':;1H1:~I~i!ll; , N ffi~&tp~~~Wi;~IIiJ~ ftZji~~~~*t1~ro:Ml~~1'Jt<
(~-)~*~~lEl~*~,~~.m.'ftMz~••~ft~.m~o~fi~:fi~~~ff~~Z:w.~~~ftH:8~~~~, t~*~~l!1t~~f.X/J\ , TtJ;j:IJmm~w*.~~n,~~~~*B~~.,~m ••~.~~~~o
-5-
z~M~~~~~"~§Z'~*~~~~±~~~~~~O~~~*~~±
ft~MiY-J~~ , M~~ifi~iHlUj( 0
~~~~$m*,~~~~,m.~~'~~a~~~'~~~~W~'~
1>~it~fJ.1i1!~Jl1Ja:1: ' ~~b{J:r;b~*ffJ?J3imnml 0 flR.:ftE ' JtH@ ~l\jft , Ji.tJ:
};/[~ , ~~~z~~t!iJZ~~~~Jj-z~~k~~~ ~:Y"JflJ ~l!.l1:~$mUtIJz'Uf:ElL
o ir~:fKClU~~it**~j!95%' TIiI;!tft!!~r:~ifit**Hiib 5%Brg 'ffIJ~t**{lJ~~
:l%~ ~z~$t** 0
~~~*~.g~~'~~b{J.*'~~~~mW*.M••~~maw~oH;'iRJt*;;iIiJ~f'Yi -MIt!y , itlr~ftPTiJ .!:t,x~:'f;~~z*Jj\ , Tfff~l*.!:t,xi@:H;'§J(;t!J
@~~·~o~~*~~·.m*~~~••*~~z.'~~~Em*~~.~om*~~.~.g~~'~~±ftDM~~A'~.*$~~~~M~~~~tE
omB~$.*{lJ:l%M~~~~mZ~*o~~ft~.~*~~~~ffiMI~m
~ftth.n· , MtwLl\.tHH~'iP;t~'~1't~1JrTJ2},~JL..\~m ' tf~~Afi5'{ft ~!l-J&'~wil**
N§.om~~5'{n.g.~*:.~m~*z~*M.~:l%-~fi~~~~'
ftlj~T~.t!lJt*z'l'l- ' 5}1j1!!€flJ!~~fj- 0
~~~.t!IJ.~~.!:t~$t!lJm*~M.~~R~~a.~~.~E~m~Mo
b. 1f;t**1.rVH1ITm~~~~Ii!f!~1.~*§J(;li; 0 c. t**&'~~liY.5'{~~~'X~:tr~Z&!:
p,m.~%~••m~.m.1:,.~,m*.Ptt~~.~~.'~~.~~~§J(;m*.Ptt~~ili~§J(;~mffi~~~~*~:'f;~~~~~'~~'~~~
a~.PB~:tr~~~#Zo~~~*~*z~~~~••g~rn~m~,.5'{~1t~R~lMt~Ud]'0 ~~:J]itzilik~~~.itamMit!Jzt~'~*,~U'ffl!jt1i~*&~
fji?f[l , ;J!"I&~~~MEm:f!UH**zft*ttJ:.§J(;ft!i.t!t 0 1JIJZ ' 4*m;j;cg~J.!f!~~]~
tt~ro:~~12p~]frtli'J:Iil\~*~:'1:~* 0 fi;1j-;w.~.t**ftiwH@mp1/1*Z:Z~AJgutH&
ffl~~r.~~~t~*Zll~ITi· 0 ~~~z* ' iM;-~tF,:%rnai~ , ~~r-~'f~n!lt¥;:::~.'rc!m1.f~g}J
~{i!f!Jti;n:l:lfflm:*§? , fiftIFFff1!:d'!lim~r-~i{·111jlf~ 0
~r-~~Mi~~n~W.~B~~mmmm'~~~~*zt!IJ~:J]it*~~~
:l%~.:
( -) ~.4!;.if~~~
{~~I&t1 (Hap Hngard Selection) E:-5y~i>ill~I&t*;f§rfl#f' ~.m:K·Zrt.~~~~o~~~.I&'~~ftfi.*~~I&.~~••§J(;~•••i!f!~~
~~M.~~~'M~m~~~ft*~~~~m••m*~.~~.~.B~'m~~~~~~M~zfM,~mI&~z.*{lJ~.~~r-~$W*o4.~*m
- 6 ~
~n.~:klfl~t1"ID.\J~30M~p , 11HlIftf!1li:tE:kFfl&h¥t~~~*iitlliWIr:JIlR;W;il;1t
:1i~Mi;~ID.\J:tf3OMIlJCj , ilifi!H-* * lz,FFfItlnH!U 1)}jf .llJJ' 1lif~n:MAIr:J*JIiW;1J~, ~J1gff)}tB~4-lf** 0 J!t"1{t~*IEJ~tB~~~!lX 't&3Z.Mf,j~.~Kf** (Cohh
as- cokn-can Sample)
( ..::.) 3:.~ jf1.~~
n:~.!lX.'ID.\J~Afi~~A~Z¥m$~~~¥••mw;.##:tE°M~fl~;w.!lX~fti;-J!t~~~W;f!Hj:Zt**' ~~tfi;-J!t:f,%~~.ft-~ap~7UtB~'1ijft~tt~o .1L~MJ*nJm~
(1) ~4-:if**~:i!.t~1i5t~i·
:tEi&in~i¥t**ID.\J~fl!j, t1i*~'mttt¥.t\";~ (I@:!~* § Ir:JifiiJt) 5h1~
~~lfirp 0 t&i'i-MZt**:ffIJi~~~p'B~:~b1·\Zxft£l. 0
(2) ~5:.f1f~1Il~~J'E
1~*.Ifl5:.tiJ:.Z1ll$~3'E (Historical Case Study) :f'**Ir:JtlcIHffi1l5fx"-t' ' ~}'1i~~f.x:~fN1ID.\J~fj Ir:Jzt** ' i&t**J1~r!lui1lI~§;t:tft.~i~*JIiollif~ft*.JtZ.'m~i'i-1Il.*~~~.M~~~~Jt7o
c..=.) ~*~"*i!1iJt;fdJ~~ (Mail Sampling Without Probobility
Control)
~rrJiljIDJ.ID.\J:i!.tZ~ ' ;fif,J:MMt*~7JrF~!:t (Inadequate mail I.st
)~J!t~~~.B.~omMeJ!t~~~Z.*M~~~~.)}jf~~x
~oJ!t~~~:tEfr~~rp~MN~A~Z•• '~~~ffiZ.~~.~
ili~~ftp'ftm~~@frot&mn~ft*~~tB•••*o
••Jilj~M.fl-.~~m~mftw••m~.M~.1J~oJ!t~.rr~mR#Z.~~~offl:tE••~~1Jm'~*"-t'~m'.~~J!t'J!t~:tEaMft~ff.~@'J1ltf.i!~~·~f,\j1t:!J"imK~~~Zft'Hn0 ~m••~im~~fltj , ~f~Mt*~7U~ti!'.!)ffl!.Jl:':EKmiL.\' lZSltt:/l\l-f(f:!±!l:pgTrJ;Jt~tlc*.~,\·-~ 1 ~*I&VJr,,~flifTrJJ.?J,?tJ.lU
~.ftM'fflBim~.m.J!t~1Jmo~$aIDJ.~.~~-.~M@m~~~m
Qi.f-t~ r'i@ffj"::g· 0
~~~~aim~.TrJ~r~=M~~.~:
a. =h!JN~7IjZ~VIIl
E*~.-%.~'~~~.~~£••±!l:~~,~.~.J!t~~Mi1lI
tt * 0 ff'1£1LI ffl:~~:k ' ftlJ t* * TrJ19f.f,~$ ffl:~ ~Jt1·m 'tal ?I:kJJl~ IIJt"'~1:.ff,t.~&Zm.(~-) o.~ffl:Rm~'mTrJ.ffl:.~~~M.~.~*'
PU .i'J~'••~~~ f;:!f,("'~1:.ff,t.!lkr£lZt.j~f,(&~kl5!Z~* Ott -) 0
-7-
b.~~*Z*~o
.~*~~~~#~%~~*••*Bo~*ffi.-*~M~*.#~~~~m~a~0~ti•••~M~z~m'M-**B~~~*~.~~3lftm~~m~'ftM~f't}i#m:H' it0-~~pPELI:-r,&;mm~1i§3lft~f~!-frfr"
.~z~m~oM=*it0~M-*.B&-~'fi~~@m~~~ffi-~~
~*.M~.ftZmM,mmm.~~~~~m~o3lft~~••~.~Z.m'M~**~rtM~*~ffi&-~~fin~*~.~m~~*ffi~rn~0
.m~3lftif,~j~15·fF0
c. t~'~*.f*{£mt:fr~~~.ft!!~~(Follow-up Interview)
~~W*.M.~g*ofi~~.&.~~~~*~~ft~~m~M~
Z.~~~•••~oft.~*~~.m~*'~.~ffl~~'ft~.m*~~~~~~.'0~~&~~~.o
~*M~~~,~~~~~~~,.~~~~,~~z§~~~ffifim~#
, rdlJI':.~§ I't:j~\'ffizfHH!i~MHt.m ' AfUi!n~rcIJ~~ , m~~%5!Jj:~uT :
~~z§ £l':J (Purposes and Objectives) ~~iJijl'r'~W~~((~'MiJ::5E:fih
jl!!f::li1tn'!jr~~ 1Jrr0 il!tt:~~.~ rtl: 0 -INk!I~ i'tz § f(~~~f~1I&.fm5}IJIl J;!)H-7~~8Z.fm $
FfJ'Gk!I-Im5}IJ~'Viaz11':*wJUJHHrr ' ~jf{jf1*Mi~ , f~*z:jRJj~H:·m:ff:l1iHI1U1 '
~~m0~*me'ft~W*zM.~W.@••~~'20ft.*W~.~o1N~L1~ftz§1Y~tt:iM5E¥~.~*~ (~5}IJH::j\tft*~) tt:-5EJfJjrcIJ~Z&~!tk
iJL' mir'iHIHT~WJt1!:z~* ' ~IJ0~r-.~1im~:fibfJi~m:~m:fl'f.mi! 0 $fFfJ'G1N'E~*Ztlu-:iH~~«>Z Nl,i/-z H.HI'l'J ~{,M!!Hfl'b,)ZitB~ , ftIJ.~ifUk!lfnr Jlif:tRffl. i-\5ill iJ1.]11f~ 0
(.::.) i,llJ:lft ~ t¥.1a:.~lil1t1t*{1
n-,fffiID!Ht~It!j~-wJ~fil!§ I't:r ' im{tiul·~fHH.l'Z 0 Jtljtf~~~{rllJI'z~~H(!'z
~••M~~mfiW~~'3lft~0i1!Sz~.,~m~~~~.~~.o----------------
(ilt-) JlUf!ij1t~*:9: (1962) jJ-:A~*E9;f.&iilJir,,~mJil'**IJi7~jJir,,~ Prof.
Irving R. Wyeth ~~m , ~~~~titI~m*~~$i~!4{?ffi::~ Dr
Ch r r les F. SarIej$;ff' zp.r~@Jml¥~~75%~~.l\lnX:Jj;z-*iU\l~0
Gtl;=) ft~\\j~~.tt-~ifjjlt!j , M'~W*ii'\r"~mJ*ts<:iilM,,mr. Don Meaders
rJT*,m ' 'J)'f.5*m~-,*?ffi::~ Dr. Ch ar les F. Sarle ~i&fn ' @r2;~)!79.5% 0 ~iW~5J$(J)]Z-*~I.\J1t 0
-8-
(..~) ;;}tj /'t i~:!'1: ~ M.J plf:t~~>It
M~~~~~'W*~#.~~'m~.~ftM~~~~'lliM.roR~*
'J'ifr~~~ffMIt;B~JFjmjlt§tf:.r~~ftIJ 0 ~jlt~§IY:17f'f~JHUIt' {r5,;I-:IJ~§j:~
~~~~.~.'m~~ttmm~~~o
(~) -r ;fIJ Jfl~1.~ t ' A.}1 $fRj" ft.,
J1!i~~f1~:a*.m.I.l'f~MtVj$ , ~~-=:f!I!fijjffi~JE.B1*mmt~,q*f1iff~j , ftlj
Biffii1J:\~:1t~:a;li'l ' Jt::x ' {NtaJ~*l9:1> ' TIIT$9f£IIij:1t~J;\'l~~11i ' ftIJQJ,.ft~
~~~~@M,m~~¥~~.m~m~~~m.&o
-9-
m$1dJf*~M
M:_ .¥g••~.~lIIti
- , ~Ib ~t It "tt:t.. ij ~
~~jjjl.fl!!~~ , ;l'tfili.ji"{@ ft:ffjjpjll~l!*' -f!f\:J1:btUI1:&(S arnpl ing Error)'3'j-fif~~r-:Jml'l~& (Non-Sampling Error) 0 ~~·~1:.:M'itJl!J1f.ffil.Z~~
,~~ , ~1titf~z::F1Jf'F~~IIjJ1f.*Zf&~l·::F~~'¥f~~~filiITI·Zf,%&' ;I't-:M'~1ti~ffz!J3-$r~ , ::FtE*yit-f~zJlJ 0 "U~1R1:.:M'11iItlz::FjiN;' , ~*xM~Z±Nlio
11iI~i&Ji" (Sampling Design) 7!~jjpjrmr~ , 11iIl'1i~l"i1j (Sampling Plan) YiJfiIi;;i-:tr~ (Method of Estimation) '.dtjjpjrmr~Z§l¥JJJtE£J11iI~7!mHJi
*.~~fiIi~:tr~£J~~:J1:b~~&.11iI~~*oa~Z'tE~.¥~Z~~~*
~¥tJ!Hi!flitZfii* 0 1i;fJT~*zfili;;H@:ffHi([tt£~-7E~ , :J1:bf~~ffz§ lY:.rftPtEJlt-7Ett1filif7l<.!$T{1Hl~~1tiJt<:*~~ 0 RZ ' 'MJt;*-7E~ , jWl'1ii&J!' JtIj{E~fJT~zmft'l.t'z:Jt;*f{}¥U~ll1iizfrflif~ 0 :J1:bflimi'plkzr,"~mi-m~titGYlm~Hizr,"~N1J 0 Thf-~~~a&~~Affil.~Jlt~~*~T~oW::FTm~~~~1ti~:M'~~om~
~~'J:~ , ~~i&;H~tE~11iIf1;;il'JllYi~fiIi:;j-:trlt~]lMft'I·S~M\J1f.AHfJT~jIyj1slt.
{J!~:tfMBo
~1!f'J: ':tEiYf~~RZT ' ftPtNlif3ZnJHI'j·£ITIY:.r11ilfti7J·~ 'lU1H1rf¥lj , 7i@!
Z:trlt~::Ffrflif'RZ'Nm~z:tr~~~~*.o~g~a-mm.M\J§Afto
S.dt.m~.1:.~'11iI~i&~Z~U3ZtEM~ft~~~~MJltjjpj~a~.n~Z
~t1J£JfI,1J~~z§ 1Y:.r 0
M\f.Il;]HI11iIl'~ (Simple Random Sampling) , t*11iIf'*:f!I1.~Z.£~ , B:Jr.:3:ff~~~Mlif,~@!z:J1:bW:tr~'~.~~:J1:bn'.~~~::FW.fim,m~R
n~~11iIf;fiH~Hiz~~ , m:tEM~ftIi.:J1:bf1iZiju~1G:fJn£J~~ :
(-) ~..M¥M~:J1:b~n.~:J1:b~z-m'~~n~N.~B¥~~:J1:b.n ••
P:J1:bj~!t~~ , ~'iiI! -c, Gtt-) .iiJnEt~*Z~.l'£*tBrJmlY:.rtiUttfl~0 Jf
(tt-) :8N~t'z:Z~.:Jm~*~nnZiiJ~.*.~
N N!( n) == NCn = n!(N=--n)!
1fl:talftfl!~~-1!tt (lOp) :JTIJ~ 6 Fintl* ' J!lj~T1J~f1*.n( N) ==IOG6==21 (~T1J~.*)n
-10·-
.~'.¥~..*~M.~ffl~¥m~o~~' ••~.~&mneN¥m~~~~~nW~fl~*'~~~~~~~~~$~~-~&~~~~~
f(:J.~ 0
C.:;) ;f.~,1t~7IJ (Sampling Frame)
J:tm.q·qmU~ , ti-:Jt 1~ !f}B}.~fmI5t}$(Jf~ .I'fi'.t'df~ i0~ tt ¥m ( Sampling Units)ill: Jtt!¥!·m }'1t~*;fll1~~;1j!;0!o~tAHt'ttI~J1J71-k'~lHl~~71f!1j ,~~lli~'illft~¥m~~m~~M~$B}.~o~T~m~.~~,~~¥
tI~~8•••W*••_~~,~••~••~~~~*~m.~.~~(Sampling Frame)
m~~t~;&7Jj~i1if'1~:Jtll1-[f.HI~l'AJf!1jm~'~T-f!1jlit~~~,iit(fl ,~~~*~W'~~~~~~~~*~f!1jm~o~.~~~~~,~~~*
MWf.~lHJf1E§ f(:J~~'Ma:,~~ , fft:l&1&lY-Jvc~fJJ~;if,!~~IWi~~~ 0 :fi~'
;B' f.!!! J;!)HHIj~7tJ!l't~ cJ@ A~ , :l&~;& 71j $:ff~ fl~~fIf Jj\ Mli1f1E{~ M~f!i(fl'-l
, £iX~ ~IiV~!i1ftJj\~ro:~{I3_~{E~;&71j~$ 0 :9X:~;&7JJJ2i~.~~ § f(:Jm~
~m{E~~~,~~~.«~m.;&~~~~8ff.~~.o
rr~M~IT~~~~'~f~OO_~~~~fl~~~~~~~~'~~
~;&~~~fl~~~~'~~OO~'~*AO':9X:~*.~~OO~'~~_
.M~~ft*m.~o~~~~~.~8.~(~)~.&,~~m.~~
;!J!:f.01~:Jj·~~mJjx;671 0 ~~I~t~tt:J.tif.0EE~ , ftlj~~m~~fi\J~~~liliiJ~m~~~a~~o{E.±~~~~m~.71••~~'~.~EE.~.'~~~~.ftEE~~.~'~iiJ~.*MA~*tl,m*~~~~~M.~
illji'(o
C~) ~~$..a::A.il
~5111Hti>:~HU ,tl~~m:~rp~~-rp.&ffi1 ~N fjlJt!E ' f'1.\1~m.$:~1iifi
t~:ftjl~n (n:t%l':t*lJ!& E=l) imJ!(c* 0 m:JIDf~ztK*~,mJ!f-M 1 ~N~rE!J ' *Jj~N#'m~~.*~••~o~MatK*~¥'~iiJ~.~l~N~••~~h~M~~o*~ft~h~~~~'~~~~$~~~~nOO~*om:~
r!J;:'If::ff~~.+Zlj'l·Dr' flPf.$~1~~t~* 0 ~tI~~~~m~~-.!'j[m~;flb
m.~ffi~om-OO.*~~$~iliz1&~m~@~~•• (~~@~~.
) o~~~.ma.*~'.R~.lY-JtK*'8~~fIf.~~·'~J:t~.lli
5111 0
C~) "*ft~.fft$f;fdptf.;f*;fi,t.ta::..1i;lt
tJi;¥:mJ~§f1N~ffiJ~ffl e ~~RBtMmf(:Jf,J:~tjJ~~~ 0 !ZSl~t~*'FJf.5f,J:
flef(~mlj\1!>Ut~ , t~*~~1f{-k'.ffl:~*{'iio~l~ifr{»( 0 ~~f,J:~$~rr.&W~
-J&f(:J~1i ' ftlj-!f·t{r:ft:Jt**J:lPiiJ7'C~t\~f,J:~ , iSt~~.*~ii:~ 0 ;EB}.~~
£*j¥l.m$l,£~- , nIHIktr*~1t:71t\~ro:~ , ftIJ\¥f,'t(~Z.!ft& 0 :t\~;&ftlj
-11-
§T\Wzrr,{ll11~~~ 0 -fflitltl~*~jf·{llz~f¥{::f-l& ' flIJ§T1f~rr,{llz2fY;'l1Ui
~~A~~zE•••o.~~.~~.~~~%EZ~~~o~.*••'~.~M~2f~.'~••••2f~~~M~~~a.*,rn~M.~'fllJ.l?,l;I1fJt~~~.~~.~~0
~*1Cm')i~Lf-. 'BJ:.2H:[!!{TiJ%~plij,f!l! ' ~Hlittj (Qualitative) foiJlfHl.ttj (Quantitative) 'iJX~Ji,.tt~ (Magnitude) .Ji,.gtttj (Attribute) 0 Ji,:m~f¥{~.m~oo~'*~~~oo~'~~~a.«~~A~~'02f~.E.z
orn~.gt*~~~~*~~~Z~~~~'~~~~~~~z~~~~om~*
M.gt.z~~,§TmzMM~~~~o
1. JIla*MzMifj'
a fq;~*ri{---'-M iij- .IS] rtzro~V£f<
2p.~'1&: X= ~~{-
litX- ~ftx! _ ~f.xt- -±f~---n-
X'=NX
[3: 1J
[3: 2J
X*2fY"1.~*~~~
Xi*~!Jt,(
i , **.X' *~m'~~.
Xo~-ffli)E2fit:J!Jt,(
C *!l if!u 0C~JtI.{ll2.m* 0
b tt!lt~Mlltt1f.ZMrri'
(a) fq;HMifi'jmr••*, ~~.gtiJm1HiIIl.*:1*.
*.~*Mm·~••~Z.-~~M~~.*~z••~,~~.~iIIl~~.'~$~~fflft~~~mZ0A;
~ft (X{)2 _ (~f tX {)2~~.S2 : S2= n (3: 3)
N
••~ : S =J' S2
,lilft~1*.V: v=-i'~
-12 -
(3: 4)
(3: 5)
tlt@ 1f;ftl:1l':~~*~1!!trtfiliF.i· , 1:E1'f~ IJ!'JtJff1f S Q{s M-iii-z ' JlU1J .ll)jJl#t
tt NQ{n- 1 t\;Z 0
(b) t~*1iSITt{1tl (mflJ:M1~~) Z~~ft~ffitj~~~
i M-f;H!~f{
a saS ee (I-f)--
x n(3: 6)
(3: 7)
(~ n<5% N ff:i' 1-f==1' fti] 1-[ TiJlR;?rilii:::r:F.i·) [~~lrj:~lt~~
(Sampling Fraction) 1JX; n!N ' 1-f ~1r~N.[lJ:M!:i;l(iEf{ (Finite
Population Correction, fpc) JiX;1.! (N -n) !N
x" : (3: 8)
Sa -Na sa,,'- --n (B;n<5%N)
S$",~x'z~~Jlk
~3; 9J
x::x' :
Ss == .v--§2~~
s.. == .v --S2X ' -
Si *xztl'{~it
S", ~b'z~~F.%
(3: 10)
(3: 11)
(8 : 12)
x" : (3: 13)
f&l Vx-t:,~:ii~ Vx' 1E~¥,t¥tfiliifi·ItJTTJm Vi 11; v"' z1MitlffiHJIt¥tz~
~j.'$:
x:: V := -S-(l-f)X
vax=~(l-On
(3:14)
(3:15)
Vi.:=.v VfJi (1-0
X': Vi= V"'
-13 -
J:52!!;~-0AepS2,,' S,,' S2:l<'~S", l.${Iljj~fi!i~j-{ifi(itl-)ffijV2" , V,,, V2x '
~ Vx,tIT~l.${Iljj~{f=I.-3&t!J:zfi!iifl·{@:(tL:') (l3l:lfUtf51t~,lfi!iJH@z~i*) 0 '!tJlt
{Iljj~~;iHj\~*z~'*TIiiQH~~!J> ' M't**ffi'~tl3M'*~ , f!pnrllllHrn::F~Hftl:~) 0
iiii :f!tIt{t~*zt8fLrJ(~(ConfidenceLevels of Sampling Error)
(0 :tE-xEmff7J<.~Tf1i*t53-r1itl:f!tlf*~*
X: t' "s"X': t' xSx'
X: t" xV"X': t' xVx'
(ii) ;(E-5Effiff71<.!'fjtTU*t5~Hltlffiffm.~R(Confidence limits)
T~N. : X- t x8"J:~N. : X+t' .s..;fif,$tl3tfhlJf*~* ' ftIJ;ltm-~N.l.$
T~N: X-t'xV"
JJN: X +t' xVx'
(2) lH-;W:.{7tJ
4-~tnJftiP1J1:E~HiHt~ *fTIlV~ 1"f}lHJIij~ , t'Uik1 74,820elF rp :fiu742F B,t5fft
*~U1t~t#it!(iIUmf.iFp.g,Jt1F*Jtitf(ffiim ' ~tillfl*~~Z71NeYIIT~ 3:1 , ftllftfll~
nra~~-0A~.~~t5~M~;lt:f!tlgR*o
~---~ -~--~----- -~---------~--
([t-) : SN J¥LtIzf]:~:f!tIj'jlf*/J\mnzIiJjjgg*t&1.0
(N) =\.c = N!. _n ,n n!(N-n)!.
~tnJftiP1J~-.(WF):f!tI~6Fna*'M;ltnrjjgg*.l.$
eN) =10C6=21 (liIliJ~t**)n,
(~=)-.:f!tIg~t5~~~';lt~Hzmt&71Ez~~.::F~~~ez~~ti
, ftlrfl~J!t:f!tlt1i~t5,1L;IJ¥t~{ji,]~Z:f!tlf*~t5iW/]·¥t 0 ~ z/ ~mf1*8 t C = 1 . 2 . 3 ... · .. -r ) BTJili;W:ZttifTtf!ti ' ;fif1*z:jwj~~i{'1f,$ 'I( ~ •
Vm:fltf5 Qt ftIJ.fjjjjf;%1l: = ~ 'l(iZ~ -Ql
; = I
(~~) :-Mt5lH-~¥t;(En=N~'~~z,g*~~7~Mm:~;fi;ltMM1itl
Nm:~.£~tl3~'MMJ!tt5~~¥tl.$-fttl~~M~¥to
-14~
72
225
98
o
405
o
o
o
o
14
ooo
240
175
o75
176
75
88
75
60
35
12
14
o45
o
o
oo
14
ooo
o126 0
75 1
44 2
25 3
15 4
7 5
2 6
2 7
o 8
5 9
o 10
o 11
o 12
o 13
1 14
o 15
o 16
o 17
1.25
1.75
2.25
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
4.75
5,25
5.75
6.25
6.75
7.25
7.75
8.25
8.75
9.25
9.75
O. -0.5
5.0-5.5
5.5-6.0
4,5-5.0
6.0-6.5
4.0-4.5
7.0-7.5
] .5-2,0
2,0-2.5
2.5--3.0
3.0-3.5
3.5-1.0
6.5-7.0
7.5-8.0
8.0-8.5
8.5-9,0
9.0--9,5
9.5-10.0
0, -1.0
1.0-1.5
*5 1*B${ffi!Xi! ::j(lltf i 1(~:-A)!__~U_'__ ,i f,U,2____ ' i - +r----- ----- ----~I----------1---------
I 0 25 254 -2 508 1,016
I 0:75 186 I -1 186 186
------ - - ----- -- -------- -- --20 !~ 7421
624 ~86 4!~ __ 1: ·2682
fi~*@:: R~45~IJUti\fi·~
a, ro:~~mz{Mi---X~x'C (Class Interval) 0,5
x, 1.25
286-141 xO.5=O.192
-15-
x == x, +Cii == 1.25-0.192 == 1.058
X' == NX == 74,820 X1.058 == 79,159.56
t!l t* fi!jll4!~z filiifj' :(a) ffi:~~~Z~~:& ' ~~fdi!f~lt~mt&
(~Ut f,)2 = (286)2 = 81,796
~u£ft = 2.682
i 2u tJ , ) 2=~'?~~=110n-1 741
EtJ (3: ])
EtJ (3: 2)
ill (3: 5)
Etl (3: 3)
Ell (3 :4)
X21= 2.5n
S2 = yL = _?,572 = 3 4661 n 742 •
Sl=.y'~=.y' 3.466 =1.86
S = CSl= (0.980)2=0.8649
S 0.930V = X- = 1.058 = 0.879gJ(;87.9
(b) tr~*filiITH@Z~~~~ffit-t~~~
n=742
N= 74,820
• f = - n_ = --?i2__ == 0 0099<5%N.• N 74,820 .
1-f = (1-0.0099) : 1 Mc\llj?,ffii~Gt
filiITt~~f,( :
X : S2x = -~z == Q'~1:9 == 0.00116 EtJ (3: 7)
X' : S2... , =N2S2/n= (5,598,032,400)(0.00116) == 6,493,717.58EtJ (3 :f»)
ii filiITI'~~~
X: Sx==.y'--~·;ax-==.y'0.00116=0.0340
X' : S..., = .y'-~ = .y'6,493,717.58= 2 ,547
iii ;f§t-t~~~
(D -~*:
X: Vx = ix== ~~~:}==0.032J3
Xx: Vx' == -~;"- = .79~ i.~~56 = 0.03213
(ii) 1m UW:· :
X = V = -~- = -~~~i%- == 0.879
V2_ = ..:1!..- == ~~. 87~l= _0.772646 == 0 001041x n 742 - 742 •
-16 ~
EtJ (3: 10)
Ul (3: 11)
ITl (3:12)
Etl (4:14)
Vi: = '\I'o.06f011 = 0.0321
X' : V"' = Vi: = 0.0321
iii M!tji~:&Zf~{j:7k~
;{f§T~l?lz{gff7k~f.595%JlIj~=2
(i)t£95%rnff-7k~T ' t*;;f;:#iifl"{@z=IIDt*~:&:
X : txs:x = 2 xO.0340 = 0.0680
X': t'"s", =2x2,547 =5,094
:f§!fjIDt*~lt :
X: t'"Yi:=2xO.0321=0.0642
X': t'"V", =2xO.0321=0.0642
ii t£95%mff7k~Tt1;;f;:fi5gH~ZffiffWpR
i: :t: t' xSi: =1. 058 :t: 0.0680 (Ej3)
x" :t: t' "s", :=79,159.56 ± 5,094 (Ej3)
ill~f.h:W:fiJ~T~JJJ~ZfW~ 0
:f~{rHr95%z:ftll.~, t1;;f;:fi5ITH~ x =1.058 (Ej3) !% x" =79,159.56 (Efl)
zjIDt*~*:FlWMHl:l1.058 ± 0.068Efl~ 79,159.56 ± .5,094 Eflz~~~~Jlt
ro:~2fifl"1lXI%~,lX~£,-E!fflt£1.058±0.0680 Ej3§J(; 79,159.56 ± 5,094 Ej3$Hl'I
Z;tj*f.595%.
2 !IIftl:1H1t;;t1i'i ~i'
t!igi·.rtf~~Z~~~ , t%~*t1iH§~tt%i$.ft§T fflZ05't!Jil1i'igHi:i:1HJt{1!i
i'fl1TI]~T S2=pq 'l~i n<30~, ~ftljm s" =~1Pqn-(1) 0~
a. fU:fl':~~zfi5~-1i'iiTHtbT-l!liHi~.tl!t
l'
P = ~};_}(i _ =-~n n
X i ~ t1;;f;:r:r JJ:1f~llJU1H1f2 ft'I. t'z: l!t
X ~X/Z~0~1}{@
P R~*r:pJJ:1f~~~~Z~*.t'z:Z~~
q ~~*r:p~JJ:~~~~Z~*.t'z:~~
q = 1-P
x" = NP =_l_Xf
=lID t1 ~~ litrtfZ 1i'i f,j'
i. ro:~~.Z••~'.~.W~~~.
-17 -
(3 : 16)
(3:17)
S2=pq (&!:JZY)
M'n>30IWffflz
S2=_~~n-l
M'n<301WfmJIt-0AS =V----pQ
V= _S__ =V p~_ (&tE)p p
V2 =(__8__ )2p
iift*fi5ffH~~~~1i~;fEl!f~~~1i(I) fi5 JH~~ rx:
(3 : 18)
(3 : 19)
p
X'
S2p = _PCI__n
(H,'n< 5 %Na1j)
S2x = W(1-f)_P9n
(N;"n < 5 %NIWf)
( 3 : 20)
( 3 : 21)
(3 : 22)
(3 : 23)
(ii) 1rliifl·tm~~Ji~
p: Sp=v~
X': Sx' = V S2",
iii. ff1~N~~~7.£
(0 ~~rt:
p: Vp= Spp
X' : V"' =s..X'
(3 : 24)
(3 : 25)
C3 : 26)
C3 : 27)
P: V2 p = (1-f)~= 9_.nP nP
Vp=v~
X: v.-v,
(3 : 28)
G\l:Qg) : Sgz~*f@~ 0.25 , ltPP~~.51l1j;!&~~~Pt:I 0.5 ~if,'§x~~r"l~
S2~;J\ 0
(ttli)PZ.~~rx:V'WPZ*~¥;fEl&~~z.Do
~ 18-
i iii :ffIl t1i~ l't:Z.fBfflJ< $
W ~-~m~~~T~*~~~~:ffIl_.~
P: t' x8p
X': t' .s..1ff.3:fB1'J1f1Jt1~& ' J!IJQ(mtf~~.ft'l#t%~.Zt
P: t" xVP
X': t' xV x "
Cii) tE-~{~ff~~Tt~*#i[jH@~rn'ff~~~
P: T~R.:P-t'sp
JJ~: P+t'sp
;tJf.3ffi1t:ffll f'*.~ ,nljQ( Vp f\; s,(2) [jHJ.{7~
~J£ffE~t:Pm53, 570fJt?t:P :/IlljJllf2,400Pf..}t**.l2I- {tii~Ni:t:P ~{lBp Jt{7tJ'1'i'2,400?Eli*r:p1rl,250?f.3{lB~ , RIHtU::jZ!!;0Jt ' ~jj1I]f1JHtMHlBfllfllp
ZL:t{7lJ5li!:/Illt$.~ (~fl.*if!;( , 4B~J~f1!gU1C[jl'-f-fjff)
Bm N=53,570p n=2,400p
X == };X, == 1, 250,Fi
f ==~ - -~,'!QQ- == 0 044< 5 %NN - 53,570 .
* J - f IllO ffii1'ifta. ro:~~?Jfx:-#iITHt{7iJ5li!~lX
n
P =_~~.L = --~ = -~:~~-== 0.52
q=1-P=O.4B
X =NP = 53,570xO. 52= 27,856p
b. :fllJ f,/t fi!i/lUl:en) {f]:~~W:.~~Z: ' ~%tt~1!t&%~
82 = pq ==O.52XO.48==0.2496
8 .y pq ..= .y1l~M9If == 0.498
S 0.498V == ..._.~== --=0957p 0.52 .
V2= (0.957)2 = 0.9]58
(b) ro:~~:~W:.{Mf·ty{~.&' ~~r<~ffitfft'{~.*i , ~~r.(
S2p =.P.9_ - Jl.~496 - 0 000104n - 2,400 - .
82" , =N2-~q- = (2,069,744,900)(0.000104)
-19 -
m(3 : 21)
=298,453 ill (3 : 23)
ill (3 : 26)
ill I: 3 : 27)
ITi (3 : 24)
Eh (3 : 25J
ii.~~~
So = -v'S2 P - = -v' 0.000104 = 0.01019
s.. = v'~ = -v'298, 453 = 546
iii. :f§tjt%~~
0). *imit
Vp = Sp"- = Q'(j~21~ = 0.0196
S2x 54.6Sx' = .. x' = 21;-856 =0.0196
(if) niH!it
V-2 q 0.48 0.48 -0 000384p = TlP"- =-:2,400xO.52 =--r:-248 - .
Vp = -v'o. 000384= 0.0196
V"' =Vp =0.0196
iii :jl!J t*~~Z ffi1±71<.~~tlllijf~*zffiff71<.~f.a95% ' J1Jlt' = 2CO :jl!Jt~~&
t" xSp=2XO.OI019=0.02038
t' x S'x = 2 x 54.6 = 1,092
(Ii) f~fI:W.p~
p±t' "Sp '"0.52±0.02038 (p)
x'±t'"sx' = 27,856±1,092 (p)
Jlt~m:~11lIP1ti7tJ~~.ffflplJ!t ' 1&{Ep = 0. 52±0. 02038(p)~X' = 27,856±1,092p~llzfl~lf.a95%
(A)AA~••~.~~.~·.m~~*••~.:jl!J~'~*Z:jl!J.~~~••~~,mm:~~~.tt.:jl!Jmz
••m~o ••~~Z~~~f.a~~.Mo~~m~:f§~••~~:jl!J.~.
¥~.:jl!J.,~~••m~••~~'~:jl!J~.~.~••~m*o*:tEM
li'i.7k!1t-~Il-1f ' Wi.¥.~;I:!H**'.l?:,m* ' t:**l'lIJ'am~ 0 Jfl1(~Z:liX ' Wij'f.Mi.:Jmt~ , rt~J: ' jn:pf1}(ttm 0 Jlt71- ' 1'ii~1t~~'EIgmMlfj'i[&~ , :Jm~*~~z~~.~*z:jl!J.,~~rn~o
ill~.~.:jl!J••~~:jl!J~~.~~.oA~.~~~it1t~ffl.~z•• '~B~$:jl!J.m.m.~7.nW~gfl:jl!J~o
..::. , ~ 1.iL;fth ¥1(-) ~~
iG~1Itlt1i (Systematic Sampling) J'Jr:£~.~~~itH~:jl!JJ!--I1.*'~
~ 20-
~B~~~~£~'m~-~M~~~-p'~~~$~~%T~lcO~~-~
~~'~~T~$~*o~m-W~$B-~~~~~~~~~*m~~~'~
ft~-~~~~~~~'~~~W~~~~W~~To~*~~.M.~~-.
£*.~'*.~'~~M~~-••*o(:;.) -tf*-~;f.ilI*~.*~~~~~~~m~M~~~-.~~'~~~~ftN~~~~?
mM~ott~~~N••~~I~NM~•• o~~N~~~m••K~n~.M, ftiJN=kn 0 ~~L~~J:j:l~)fi~~~ff I *Mk~t{~, ~1E~i' ftIJi~~-~t.~
*w.~ ,~1&m~-k flflM!-.\'fI·ili: 0 ~* 'm1~~**1Et~*~ i , i-l-k » H2ki+n-lk~~ 0 4'~1Ek~14, ~-••~i~12, ftIjJit~ztf*,.~~26.78"·
...~~o
~-**1E~~z~~~~~m~~M~~~J:j:lOO~W~'~~~~MK~*
lJl&fl'!f~ (k + 1) /2 'M'k~{m~ft:y , ftlj~k/2~ (k +2) / 2 ~~7.fv: 0
x=**1E_* ©=~~~~.*
1 )( " ')(0 1)( 0 I )( 0 I )( • 1)( 0 I xe I" 2" 53A -4i sol .ft 7~.1lill3 : 1 **1E~~ffiHjIHIM!t~
(..=..) ~ft:l..fji~;f.~f{*Pfi·I±~ 1!lt**1E.*Z~••• '~M~e~.~~••~~••~Z~~~.mZ0
51: 0 ~~ '~71Rifzj}ij¥.**1Etl* 'lIJffltrtl.\!t'i.~jN~~tl~0~1'"'QH5~1· 0 f1Ut'fi '71.~*••*ffl71.~~0~~~~om~~~~~~o
(~) J~d'.~A.f~./:t-K~.ftJ~j,@,ffl~;f'Ut**1fJ1fItl t~'t~1j\t,)iI..g'i ft':] • ~!JIij~ fflliJ11 ~Ji* : jZij~.f~H'Efffl ~ J:.~~ ;!JH:ftft~ ~
W~.~~.~M~~.~~~~~mHrro~~ft**1E~~,~m~~ZI~
1rn{[: ({JIi~~-.~L.) ,~h1~•• t~*:IS]~fffl:5HlijfIJitr.~;z..fiJffi:'W~!'!f!
~71~Z~aoS••~.Z71~.~~~M~'*~~.Z~$.OO71.~Wffi~oG~.P~~iliM~~'m8Jit~~m~mzW*'WM.n~mOOI~
~.5JIJ~i!1! 0
m'Mff1;fie:~.~5j·~E¥VJz~%fljftmTIf.lI ' ftIJtt1J8Jlt~~7IJ~**lCn~*1'Tiftlllf:;Jbt{W{A;~!l( 0
t!ill3 : 2iiTIl{Lt~~il1ij~7M1Ct~*~1Y1 : o~~{l£t**
x~~~fl*
- 21-
- , ~ It ~d1 ~t:t.1;It%~~.~M.~SMme%~~~M'~~~-M~.ft~~-••*,
a®.M•• 'llin~mMM.~.~Wo.~~.M-*••=~B~~~~~~m~~~~~'~~=~BIT®~~.~~*~%~~m~.~~~,~~
~-~~Mm~fm••~*aMftITa.~m•• 'ft~~.m.%&~~'
%JfiHm.-E1tliJ\. ~·ft 0
(1) Mfti:~%~15~~o
(2) jjj~Jvf3'G§ftj~tlJ:.it)1-iJiHi*0
(3) al·~q~J.Mf~Ut~f'" -~- 0 (.1J~ff*z11ll~Jltf ::ffI1'!fBff%l±:'R
z) 0
(4) ~m-.~~~t**• .P 0
(5) ~m-t~.p~~~~n*'l-0
(6) ~§T~~z~*'l-#i~i"flt.~~~0
( 7) j1t~~~~'i"f@z~~t,'J(~~~~
(8) m.~1~aHltl:tE-~1~ff7l<.t\t(80 ,90 , 95~99~f!ff~§ ft':Jf.t!li1f3'G~'
§T~ttflz@.\~::*:Jj\ifti~) rz1l!lf~flJi:1L~iH§!·J~f*flJi:~ 0
i&~t17ft~T~ (2) Jl'iM~T~:1H~~'~ (5) lJitlHI'.*:1<:f!;1Hifj, t1i!tr1 (
R)Jl'i~M~.~1J~*.~'~~~~*.W.Zo
.z: '\ ~ It ~d1 ~~:t. lil ~
~.*~~~*.e.~.'~~_tlJ:.~~~.~.ifti~o (1)_*Z::*:/J\~ (2) fti:ftZfl1f-t'-\:. 0 [l;lJlt ' ~ffdi:Wl'lff*z::*:/J\ (ff*::*:/J\:tE~.1'fJ]l,Zw;\J
1tli1fn1f,"~Jj'j.zpJH\JIJ) 'i'tKiti':!Jo#i.ri"{@zffi_flt' R1-f~Jl" ~H~jMf[fiJl1JQJ.
:Ii*:!Jofti:~ft':J~-tLt 0 %.z§ ft':JflP:tE~ , ~?t{t!I~H'1~fti:. ' ~.tJ.~-;qJ~Nz~{5Ff:t:~- , fIJl.p;jZ~~~:t:Jj\ , HnlJz~~~:t\::*: 0 ifti:tE?thl11llff ' ~rgY~~S-.:V~ZflJ:. ' ~$flJ:.#iJi"{ltlZ~~~*f'=l ~&i*l~~~ , ~1fnlJ~~~1!ThruJ 0 ~B ' *1Jnflt..it-J~-f1:i:.flp~n~~:!Jnf**Z{~~tlJ:.~ffi_t£. 0
~~,?t.~~~~Bw••1t.m'%.z~.~~-~m_7l<..m~z.*t~~o~*~~,~~.~~~~o~~.~T~~rt~U*~1t~~1J
~ , -W911~i'tK5HfTL~*fHli!~ffifffi-J&~&i :~~•••~lli~'~M~~~••~~~.'~.¥&Z~~M.~~ft
.PZit~~o
;:. '\ I- P :t. ~'-It5}Jfl:ku*¥~-Wm;iJJj:J1J¥f-%{tzflJ:M::%jjJ(;~~*fG:~(Subpopularlon
- 22-
.~.'m~~~Mwmw~~mM.m~B~m~~m~~Mwmm~~~.
*~ft.m~~*~~ft~~~o-~~~~~~~~*,mp~~~*~~o
~~~.~~*~-.~'=RM~~~.¥~••*~M••~~••~oBm-~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~*~o
~~mm~**'-.~m.~.R~~'B~~~m~~MM••tt (Primary Sampling UnitslmAA-PSU) JJt!?~-RMt*.{ftrmrr=fkMtlJj.lJQJ,
tiffif.$PSU 'rmB~p:lB~=RMt*.{ft 0 fJ!.m'-X*~ , Jj.'JmBt$~. PSU 'Bm.~=R~.{ft,.pf.$~~R~~••{fto
3.. , -,".fl. If ft 1: if} ;fd1 ;ff~.fk~~~OOM~'M.~~~'~f.$-~R'~~~~~~~~T~~
!!!Z~~ , ~tr~~~~j7qza~oRj'1I{:W*51{t (&1:=) (.51fffimJtIJi'§1R) ,?tj&B~me~~~f.$.{ftB9~~.~~~~~~~51.~~~B~~~.p.*
~~.*~~(~*W~) 'rmmM~~me!!!z~~j7qz~$.P~~f.$~~z
~~o~~~+li$~.~fi~~f.$¥R~~M.z-~o.R~$R~~~.
Z~~&~,m.m'-X~'~Sf.$~~*••~Z~ftAmTm.~~o
( -) ,;fdJ~~~ ~.txdC. ~;».
~~~tt~M.~~.~~.'~~~~~*OO~~.~*~o.Rm
mM.'~~~~.~.~~.JJ~8.*zmH.rm~a.*~z.p.
, {7!Jflu ' t:£~j*t lOOpjtlOO ftm~t**j1U'ffl:.~m-fif! ' ~~~1J!ZJJ*8n '" 100TliT;J.t'n '" 1 ,000 0 Jfi.Rmft':.1I!It*~~~.l*JE~ :
(1) t~*Z~e.M' 1Jefc@\$ '~~.:@!:!J\ 0
(2) :g.~e~zp::JI"l*!J\ 0 1!tt***!M'1~-JE ' m-.H:@!:!j\JtIJmHlict\$, fj}-:ltr.H~!j\ , ftIJlfHj7qz~~. ' 3m.'lff1J'-!ijH!~ 0
w ~-mHj7q.~oR.~.-&o.~~.~.-~~'lffBmj7qi'§H
(Inrr aclass Correlation) Ctt~) ~mj7q~~.*!J\~1f- 0 ff
(ft1:=) : ffl:e~~ , &:,~~~~j7q$51{t ' ~~£i:~{~ , ftlj.j7q~~.£t* '*8* ' {ti~Hif!~~~.t\!J\ 0
(iJ_~) : ~j7qtl.l~ (Inrraclass Correlation) f.$1lHj7q~tlJl'f-t&:Z~:Ii:
'M~~£*~~~~*~~tlzi'§~~OC&~~'~~~~~~~i'§
fMH:'1R,'U 'i'§1R ' ftIJi'§~~RfJf ' t1i3§~~ ~f[fi , .j7qi'§~*;J\Ql.j7qffi~~1:(:ll!X o(lntraclass correlation Coefficient) *1f-z 0
(;'1J-02/Na "'(:N-l)!Nq3
02 "'at+u~
(,~f.$~rJ'li'§~~~~
o~~~j7q;f§~m~~~
-43-
~.%E.M,~~.~m,~~mmo~.w~.~~~~~~~*.,
~R-.o~ft,~.%••~~*.,.~.~~~m~a*.~mwm~*o~.W~.'*~*.~±~~~~~W~,.~~~••m,.~.*~~~~~~••W~OO~.~~OO~~mW~ffi~o*~ft~.~%.,*mM~~g~~.~~.Z.a~.fi,~~.m••MB*.W~~-~,~~~~.~-.~~~%.~~*(~*.li)
(.E..) "*-t~~-t,K
~.wm.*~,~~m.~.~I~~.~*.~~m~,.~~~
tt~~I~0.0*.~~oR~,m.~**'~W~A~~.0-*~
~m 0 .~~~rf:iJ~~ttI~ '~0~~.~j:~.1SiftrA' , e1f~tl":l~~JR
~~~oft••~,~.~*••-~o(~) fn.1w:JfJ1i1~MmM%a~.~'~Mft~R'.W~~'~~ffi~o~~m~.
~~~,~~~.~~~~mttz~~o
(.n.) tj;~~""'!lf
~.Z%.,•••¥-~.,~"aft*••~~*.m'M~m.fiJ~JiZ50*0 )!?f!I!!.W~Ji••w*Ij\~~.m ' fiP1Gt~.J1ll%~ , ~-w;.03 ' M*.W:kIj\Wl~ , 1'FTIJM!I!!.l1.ll.%Ji ' .~:t(!J\ , ::iIt~fl:II:!f.~vJtlIH(I]%
~ (im~.~§tt:JTIiT~) ~~~l!,m '0ifiilli-y~!JJNinHitlZ:flhf~r~~~B!
fl~.o
~ , Ii P-l ~th 1~.'f- {:t =t. i!~~Ji~f~Z~.1lttJ!tif!ltf~-~:llZffl:fle:' J11] f~*%i1R~~& rn~.m:flhz*fJ
*,~~~~~~o~~~.01£*¥~~~~TIJ~r~~M~tto
( 1) M1j!.ill~;f1b is!ft¥••~~z~tt'~M~.B~.~T,ft~~~~50*E~'®
1t1''I1l~~m 0
( 2) *- Wf.ill~;f. iStg~R~ZR.a •••~~~ft~~~H~~'~~.~~~~~~
t'd~'!iGlc~~~f~ , eJltfill:*7IJ~:flh~*~f1i* ' jEtlll.fl.l!.7j·rt'fIlJ~~]lit:fi
( 3) ~)t~*- ,J'1f. JIJ~ *- Wf.ill~;f. i!Jltw~~~~,m~~~~.~~'~~*.~~~~ffi~'ffi:flh~I
~ .-;:r.tHt'i. 0
]i. , -it fl~ at.~ ~tb 1~ f! ZJ. Itt:t.iii~t%.M~~me%~~~.'~~.ft~~,jE~-.Z:ll~m,~*,%
-24 -
.~.~~~~.~~mw~.~.~.~,~~~~~a..¥.~~~••*IE ' m~tUIf.~Jm!Hl'i~lfrtHl~*f.ri1R1n1~ffif~ 0 ~i§z ' ~~Ifr m~:j1lJt*$ffii
lt~o
i~~~i'laUtft'~litftt~fi!i;n ' !i\ftfEmJ~~~ , {El.:tE:j1lJt~~~i·fIR ' ~fi!ifft::t5~
~Hi,(\mt~ilJtJ~~~u·iYClfi·f.rtFr.m:M~~~· , It,x~UJf~,,xYHt:)~tj::t57t 0
(-) ~A.
1. ~~~{'¥{-_. "I"r;]t'Z~~'lI<:
(l)lt~f.ri1R~Ifr~m~~~lt$'~.$m~,~~~f.r~-~'~
Jlt2p.¥c:J~~~,'lI<:~{rj~Ui!:::Ff.r.~t~*~ , ;E~JfI~ffl:~f;: Nhi1§Sm,~mmT~0~(4:4J.(4:5Jm.~."I"~f;: ••'lI<:o
(2) ~r-ltf7iJf.rm¥:t
~r.ltf7iJf.ri1R¥:t ' ~J§lfrm~~t~lt$$:::Fm~ 0 1&{M-j-"I":1'!:J~5fiH~,~Z
HU ' ~1G*.~J§~zp.t!oJ'lZ••~ , ~~~Nh1JlT,jfJl 0
a. ~Jlfzp.r;]'lI<:.~\~
, N - 1x h= hXh=--f-Xhh
nh ~J\i~:*tl\
Xh~J\ipq"l"~'lI<:
x, ~@I'q~:I:
(4 : 1 J
(4 : 2)
(4 : 3)
xhft~e~~~¥8~.z~ftM.
b. fV:ffe:Zf~r;]!J&tliJ~,~
L L- ~NhXh _ ~NhXhX=···· ----- .. - (4 : 4)
L N~Nh
Lx" =~NhXh=NX (4 : 5)
L
P =1:tiIJ:~ h = .~~Ph (4 : 6)
~Nh
2. ~ tUpjlitf,ttz{rjITi'
a . H:: {7fJ f.ri1R~M~*z~.zp.~ ••'lI<:zm••~."I"t!oJ~m~B~.ZNhft.
t\:o
(4 : 7 J
- 25-
sax == (l-f) S·~n
S.x=:N. (1-f) J3zw _
n
S.p== (1-f) (pq)wn
LS·w =: (pq)w =: _~}i~(l2.q2!J.
N
b. ~f:.It~J5H~--~~~!liUMkz~~lJ&
~Nh·(I- fh)~~bSa" =: : nh
Nt
S·x' ee ~N2h(1- f h) _S~!Jnh
~NZh(I-[)~P9)l!Sap == nh
Nt
(4 : 8)
(4 : 9)
(4 : 11)
(4 : 12)
(4 : 13)
(4 : 14)
*irtrt£.It!fi0'~fh == -2~ =: 0.05 , JlIJJ:illt05tiflzff~JHU:~iJ!(iE!k
(1-[h) l1J~n-, ~ifli~iii'o
( .:=.) it J.1f{1tJ1 . .Il1t:1H~ (Magnitude Characteristics)
a. .Iti?J] ?1i1RI. X: em ~NhX == 705.77
N=: ~Nh=:768.09
L
Jll]: X== ~rhXh-=~~~:~~=:0.9188m (4: 4)
~Nh
(;f..4: 1J ~Ht# 672 r~~*-H..{1tJ0'-i~.::t.:f·J9tUl.MUtJ1Jt..,f-kJ,fi,t1. (~ .r?.ttJl tw1t~i{!~ jJ~11;1t
II 0.6-0.9 166.05 0.7417 123.16 0.0066
ill 0.9-1.5 172.87 1.1820 I 204.33 i 0.0156
IV 1.5-1.20 110.07 2.2780 i 250.741 0.8650
~~-~~I----- 768.0911'---: 705.;:---1
1 I iii I
145 1.101
151 2.696
91 95.210
I672 IJ02.803
II
:n*1*ilift : BHWl!E+1i{f.~~J1f11t
.,... 26 ~
Lii. X' : B;;n: }";X =0.9188' N=76,809
fil] : X' =NX = 76,809xO.9188=70,572.11 E!:J (4 : 6)
iii. X~x'Z~~~,~$%lt#!tH~~% (V)
LB9IJ: 1-fc;ol , }";NhSah = 102,803 'N==788.09 n==672
LAIJ • sa _~.h§ah - ~@, 80? = 0 133 rh (4 : 7)Jl· W - N - 768:09· ~
sa 0.133Sa- = (1- f) ...w. == --- == 0 000174
x n 762 .
Sx == '\1'0.000174 = 0.0132
Vx=-~x_=g:~i~==O.0143 or 1.43%
Sax' =N3(l-OS..a..VL = (589,931)(0.000174)n
'" 102. 647 m(4 : 9)
Sx' == '\1'102.642 =10.13
- Sx' 10.13 -0 0143 1 43%Vx'-·x'-=70,572.1l-' or. 0
b. ;Wlt{9I]?1-~
(a) ~{!?1-~
[~4: 2)
'I Ni
i sah Iffif1J& ffi1 !Mf I (100~) Sah I nh I -D.-h· f
.. ~·i :':::-f::'~: ::::. :::: I:~:: -1:: !:::~ ::::lIT 0.9-1.5
1
172.87 1.1820! 204.33 1 0. 0]56 84 10.CO0185! 0.064
N 1.5-10.0 110.07 2.2780 \250.74 0.8650 399 10.002167! 0.0344 1__- I ---:--1---1--7 1768.07 i 1
705. 77 I : I i
- 27-
(tlU:~)
I S2I-fh I NZ Wh(l - f h) · _l1
I nh
1 1101,824 r 8.858J I
1 I 27,572 i 3.419,1 I 29,884 5.528
I
1 i 12,115 26.253
44.058
:tt*,~*im[ : IJ'UWS*
Li. cffi: ~NhXh=705.77 N= ~Nh=768.09
L
JtIJ: X = ~~-N~!>=;~~:~~ =0.9188d3 (4 : 4)
ii. X' : cffi: X =0.9188 N=76,809
JtIJ : X' = NX = 70,572
iii. xrox'z~i'\
!til "0 I Nh I - I I: Sah i I! Wit Sah!f1{,. J§ JI\i (100s) NhXh nhl Sah ~---! fh 11-fh Wh (l-fh)-~ I I nh I 1 nit
• ~.;~0~~1;19~54j127.54:~u8 -~.1190~0~71!~~00~ ~-1101,~~~ ~-;.~~;-, : 1 I : I I
II 0.6-0.91
1166.05123.16
1168,0.006610.0000390.010 1 27,572 1.075I : I I I I
ill 0.9-1. 5i172. 87:204. 331680.01560.0000921°.0091 1 I 29,8841 2.749: , I I
IV 1.5-10. 0110. 07250. 741680. 86500.00514810.015i
1 112,115, 62.368
~ --- !76~~~1705.77~~I--'---!-I~;1 73,421
1 : ! i: iiiW=589,931
La Safllj: sa,,= ~N h(l-fh) ~nh- = 73.421 =0000124
---Nt - 589,931 .
S" = yo. 000124= 0.0113
Vx=-1=g-~~f~~=0.0121 or 1.21%
L saS2x ' == }'Nh (1-fh)--11=73.421%
nh
Sx' = Y73.421- = 8.56
V"'=-~:-=7~J~2=0.0121 or 1.21%
(c) 1t txf§rg 1tiffHU~ f!?t~~Ht.# 672 f' ;ft*,H:.tlJi P-11't"it1.titH:
Cf..4: 4J 'lJ';Jfi.~Tj~tt#!-.~.~ttJtJt.;t-k~'1i
:1 rg JI\i !(l~O~), Xh Sa inh I s2h/nhr;:1;-;l~~ah= \N~~~~h;~~
10.2-0.6319.10,0.99800.0119 5810.000205;°.00111 i101, 824 20.87
II ,0.6-0.9166.051°.74170.0066,
44t 000150/0.0021
1 27,572 4.13
illO.9-1.5172.87J.1820'0.0156 68,°.000229\°.0031
- 1 ! 29,884 6.84. I 'I I
IV 1.5-10.0110.671. 27800.86505020.0017201°.040/ 1 12,115 20.83, 1 [I I
i --- -~ '768.091 - -~! - -1672
! - --- 11- 1--.!-- 52.67
1 I, I I
- 29-
(4 : 13)
I. xfOjmf X=0.9188
ii. X' fOjmf x= 70,572.11
(0 xYi!x':z.~~~,~~tzYi!
L S2em };N2h(l-fh)--h = 52.67nh
w= 589,931
LFlI]' S2- - };Wh(l.__~fJl)S2hlnh_ 52.67 =0 0000892r1-. (4 : 12~H' x - N2 - 589, 931. en )
Ss = .v0~000892= 0.00944
Vi =-~-= l!o~:::= 0.0102 or 1.02%
LS2x = ~Wh(1-fh)S2h/nh = 52.67m
s., = .v52:67 =7.26
Vx ' =i~ -= 70J7~~1l = 0.0102 or 1.02%
[~4 : 5J ~;ff~)~ ~5klt J(.f!t*-~'*~
Vi = Vx '(%)
.It {7JJ ¥to I 0.0001740,
~ ~ It I 0.0000746
:1''''1 o/J It, 0.000174
.l:t ,,2 ~ ~ It I 0.0000892
0.01320
0.00864
0.01l3C
0.00944
I102. 647
1
44.058
73.421[
52.67~
10.13
6.63
8.56
7.26
1.43
0.94
1 21
1.02
(4 : 16)
X =0.9188 X' =70,572.11
c. 7tffl~H**7tifR:m:t-Z~l*
-g~.~.~7t•••*7tifR.2.~'fi~.~m.~~.~*o*~.ft-.~.~.~,.~~mm~Z~.~m.B~fOj~~tt7t.o
I4It* ' t**m~JI1!\B~I4IB':J::;!]·1t7tifR~~Jtjf'll , ?'M5Z*t!:lj(1,\,[~i.jX;~~!&7\:d\ ,j~l*.~B':l-fl1flt 0
d. 7tJfit~f§fixuP1ij:;:~ f!!7tffl jiltB':J{t4'}*,J\ , n:r1G rri'J,1:~ fW:~ 1417tJlf1fr-tz!'!~!& '
~~~*~~tkZ&:.It~·i , B~tt~z ' ftljf.5
R.E. (Relative gain) _l/VE - VA- -]/V~- -Vn
-
VA;f.$Af!!7tJj:z.~~t'<
VB;f.$B.7t.Z!'!~!&
-30 -
(4 : 16)
*~.~.~*~~~*~~~a.-~M.~~~.**~~aE.
, It,x~j;mI*L ' r7U 4 : 7 ftP#Lf:jzttm0AGj'~L~1* 0
(~4' 6J ~Ht# 672 P~!t~~~~JJi ' ..::...JJi$(.~~;f• ;td1 ~*;fd1 ~ 1+.ttit .~(l,~
i
5t ifR ~ ¥t gg :r;& I - :r;& ~ ~
------ I
It f70 ¥t 0,0001740 1 0.000186
0,0000746
I(m:-)
!t {! 71~ 0.000268 0.000791
1'03 o/f ¥t 0.000124 0.000306
IIt t< JtZ {! ¥t 0.000892 0.000506
~~~~~*a~~~.~*.~'=~*L'a~5t.~s.~o~~~
T~JmL ' ggJ][~.{1I:672pt~*ftP~W+~.3,066p.-t.1iLM.*f\t cztlt{9IJr~~) ,;t5~.f!~iliU12~' JJJJ~7,123p 'tElft+ft*aJ: 0
[.f..4 : 7J it. ja] -ft·~fi7~itt-3-;ft~.i·'" ;f~~~1f 1;~**-~* .i-
I5} ~ 1j * gg JJi: I
- JJi: ::F ~ fli----
!t {yIJ it 672 718 3,066(462%) (425%) (100%)
:e: f1': ¥to 672 2,712 7,123(1,050) (295) (100)
;gJ o/f r12 672 1,659 4,287(637) (258) (100)
!t ,j( • {! i1:- 672 3,810 5,954(886) (156) (100)
~~ : 1. t~.7J<.~Q.t.{!*~1ttxL~f\t 0
------~~.~
- 31-
2. ( ) rg§T~~:l%Qt~5tJfJ:l%lt"y:~~zm!t3'&* 0
(b) ti:;$:5tiliVji!Z:f§!f3'&~.\
ii'HHf:;$:5tVRZtEl!f3'&$ , /)'J'T1J11Lf:".Jl(a)Zj]i! ' ~JI~0Jt(4 : 15J ~ (4 : ]6) 0
[;f..4 : 8J ;r:; Pl 0'iffi.~5:kit.Pl-~,Rfi7~it!~Jf :t~~*,~*,),
5t VR j] i!1 fm Jl 5t JfJ! - Jl 5t 1fff-I I------------
~ {t i!! 672 672
!t i71J ~t 1,566 466
r:] 0/; 71; 1,115 766
It ,,~ ~ it 7t 700 1,263
~ 5t 1fff i 7,123 1,982i
~flJl : 1. ft!fllt7.k~Qtliit5tVR:l%lt"Y:~~ 02. riHf-i!tt0Jt (4 : 16)
_Uz ' ;figj;fmJl5tffl i§ , Qtlif*7t§T\llit~:;$::l%f{;j\ , t:'j~5tffifz+5tz- 01:fge=Jl5trtii5 ' ftIJ8lti71ji!:t$li;j\ 0
:hM~jj'i! ~ 0% 1& f.iJ~5t J~HmtAilt,,~ gi!ltfJiJ i!lUx
~?tJHfu1j~ 0.000791:f1fJ t*5t Ifl:
wlt {9IJ 71; 0.000174 454%
(2}li it 71; 0.0000746 1,060% 233%
(8)t!:j o/f 7t 0.000124 634% 140%
(4)lttx:S:iti! 0.0000892 586% 195%
2. JIItt1Hit
Ji6t!~ f.~Uz;lt ~lItttzftt. :117:t-~ f.j :i:~Hld'§mJ ' ~ S2 h = PQ 7'J.. 0 ftiFit.t'IJH1{ , p:t7Pfill~1t]0.2-0.8Zq,1l~7'J.. ' 0!tiYtl5tVR7t:l%lfHf ' 4-&5EwitJll,t;1:i·Jfll111Iit~Fz.l:t{9IJP 1111lJ 1:$0. 04 0.35 0.65!li!0.10
- 32-
rlJ (4 : 16)
Mil , N] . . I I (I'Q) i I IW " (1tk i Ri iJi (10~)1, I' ; QI NhI' , I'Q i nh-n- ..i.r; N2 P (I'Q. J I I • I h I ')h!nh
I
i----I--~--!--I i I r I-~~··-·_--·--
T 0.2-0.6'319.100.401,.0.60.127.64'0.2400: 2980.000805'. 1 1101,824181.97I I, I· i
II'0.6-0.9166.05p.350.35 58.120.2275 1520.0014961 1 • 27,572 41.25
m 0.9-1. 5172.871o.65iO.65112.s6iO.2275, 1591°. 0<n4.111 ! 29,884 44.71
N 1. 5-10.01110.0710.10]0.10 11.071°.0900\ 63'0. 001428! 1 I, 12,115 ] 7.30
-~I I---!--,----!---I--------,--I--}; 'I I I 309.19 1
: I I 1194.23i l I· ,I I ,
Li. e.m: ~NhI'h =309.19 N=768.09
Lftl] I' =}";Nh¥'_b = 309.19 = ° 402
N 768.09 .
i i , X': e.m N = 768.09
I'=NI'
= 0,402 x 768. 09 = 30.724
iii. I'~X'z~~tk,tl'{~ft~CV
c.nI: 1Nh2(1- 0 h(P Q).J1 = 19, 423 W=589,931nh
Lfll] S~h= ~Wh(1-fh)J.PQ)h!p_h_J1,4~=0 0329
N3 "-589,93]
ttl (4 : 14)
V = -S p. = _0.181... = 0 0453 ,t1~ 4 50Lop P 0.40 . -V<.. /
~T~~~w••ti,~mBT~0~~~mW.~4~~fi~~~ztrl!t5&~o
V~2
fflti5&~·jR.E (Relative Gain) =(1-f5~Hty.-S2h) (;t'n>5%N)(4 : 17)
_ V2Sh
-l+VS~ (;'tJn<5%N)(4 : 81)
Jltltlt : a;h = ~Nh(~h-S):J.$ShtfS = :r~h~1] zItlfFJ.J••r.c"(J'
V2Sh = -s~- (.ra-~~i'\t.&z:f§ti••1t<)
-33 -
5Hf i (1~d's) I P \Spa=PQ:Sh=-VPQ\NbSh! (Sb-s+sh-S)2INhCSh-s)2
I I I -I I I II i 319.10r
o. 40~1 0.2400 0.489 156, 0.0320.001024
1
0.3267
II I 166.051.0.3
0.22751
0.476 791 0.01910'000361
10.0599
ml 172.871 0.6] 0.22751 0.4761 831 0.01+0003611 0.0624
IV i 110. 071 0.1~ 0.0900: 0.3001 33 0.1571°.024649 2.7131
-rl ~;.09i--I-----'I~ I 3.1621
S' - ~NhSh_. 351_ - 0 459- N - 768.09 - .
0'2 A = ~Nb(Sh-S)2 _ 3.16~ =0 004016Sa N - 768.09 .
(1ih = -V0.004016 =0.0634
Vilb =11~-'L = °O~:74 =0.138 CSZ~~~J!X)
_ (l'2ilh 0.OC4016_vaih - ·S2 = 0.208849 - 0.0192
H>>Il<~H,.~, • __y'~iL. _ 9_~ 01~~ =° 019#1 9% rh (4 : 18)'fIc1:E:1M9'-' 1+V2ih -1.0192 . ~)(;. m
Vih =O.019~1.9%fn~!5i'ti,f,vpM' 2% ' Jit{JJ~)J!Ull~tld}~§Tfjg~~
Z;j:§~~~~~~M'~~~~~E~z-'n'~~~E~Z=o~~~~
~GU~:J:f'Fgf.5~M ' Jit~ztB:?tZ=Z;j:§t-j5i't~P.JjIHt:Lh·Gi<'If'FZ~~~?fl;2Yrtizp =0.20ifii::t'f.50.1f{lj Vihw.rfrJf£!.P 0 nr~~~:?t~~~~l:p{flim
1±\0.2,..;,0.8rr~z~fiN ' ifff{IJ::f:f{mQ.l,fti~tilt1J:.1H'~ 0
-84 -
.~m~~••m~'~~~••ftw~~m~'~~.*M.~••~~~:r--f£**!J\ , iSJ~m,1!H~t!im~R*,l 0 iliJ¥;t~**!J\ik;r:z1k ' ~1!t&.lH**K;ftt!t~m.t!t ' fft~!f1:f~*~~{ft1f5&itf:l?1~~~1ff~ , ~~fiI:Zrt*:t:3&1f~$~:t:~~~'~n~~~~~~o~~~.*?1~~m-§~o
~.*?1~,~n.*m~:zmM~moa.%~-.~~m••m~~1ffrEflffilH~*wlj , J'tIJm~.mlf-71Ji\.~~~71J ' J!tMjtj*~?t~;fi1!!t~L@:fflfrEflm.
~~:z~~~,~~~m••m*~o~.*?t~~n~fi~.~•• 'iliJ~.
~.~~~-Jtm.7l<.~mjffi~.**!Hj1f:!'1:'~iE!tf91J:Zr&r.lf*' ~t& ' ~~t**JiP~1>~I!iJ.~m 0
J!t~,~m~~§~~!t~*~~~~M~ft~~f*Mj,~~~~~~~~
-:ljZB':JiiiS ' J'tIj;fl*a:~ffirEfl~?1~ , TlJn~~Ja-rrfl~ft1'.J&~fi5~U~~ (dpl-P%~
dXl - x 2) ~ttJt~~~.~~.ij!~;* 0
-=- " ;t lfIJ~~ ;.k (Proportionate Allocation)
mm!t~?1~~.*a:~~~?t~~~:!'1:'~~fiI~~V{ft.Nh~iE!to~
~~?1X ' ~fli~~t~!t$fhtr~-3& ' fh=f 0 w~m@ ifrJJlJjf(Self-Wigheting) !!*:@ 0 -~~Nh~$ , J'tIJ5NI~M'~fli~ft*f(nt3J~~$ 0
f&~1*!t1¥ti5Ni~m~~~ffi~t~!t$JJX:~-3& 0 mn.*~:fib~~fi5fn-~*
~tm~~I,!t{7lJ~J*$~tm.J¥I. 0 ?1X'M'Jfif?'3~~~S hjjJ(;~~b*.V ~h!J\M'*925%~a
ti%p.x:-p~m~~* c, ;j:§*:t:m~=jjJ(;=ffi'nJ:Mj(A factor of 3 ormore), ,jlJJJ!;JfI1tf91J?tiJiUt- 0 ~fi5ITi'~t!tftt1&WIj , ffi~~~~b*.V%hjjJ(;VPh '1N~m~25% (J!t~ {15m'IllHtt:JlRt1& ~'1 ' n- l'fI-{fttf~ ~:JlRt1&~ 115 crtmtm1f /P]~ ll!!ln~~?1X) ~$Hl'1 ,FjJTn!t~rj{Mi)t.i@! 15-JfI n {i5m-~t!t:JlRt1& ' :J[;afti~ !t{7lJ1Ifip :t:mt±J0.2-0.8:Z~mY 0
0A:
fa=fh=fP=···· ........
• n = ~.nN(5 : 1)
(5 : 2)
672 87f =fh =-76-809 =0.0087 =10 000, ,
-35 -
i11 t£; (1) I 11 t£; (2)
nUt I*~-~~J-\i~:J:?:5t~~~1i!~:~!frl-~-(fS(NS:hnh-;--!-q.2-0.6: -;~,91~: 0.~;511-- 27~ -18;/~O,00~~3;,-910-=2;~-
I I. .II ' 0.6-0.9: 16,605f 0.216 145 87/10,OOOx16,605=145
lJI I 0.9-1., 11,29, 0.2251 151 97/10,000x 17,281 = 151
IV 11.5-10.01 11,0071 0.1441 97 I 87/10,OCOx31,OO7=96-n - 1-7~'90~;·~1 672 610
j1{*'t*$(:rm+1i.~&t~1t-1f
~ '\ jf ~t -ffIj~~ ;~ (Disproportionate Allecation)
§T~~r.Jt{YIJ5H~t£;, ))f~~fflft#i*Z5NI~~1f~ro:~.trlt Nh 1iX:lEJtTrrH~
~~~~ft~~NltNhZ*~~~~m~Z~~ftSh~~*~~~ttJto~
~~~Z§A':J~tE~!P~1t~Jt.l:w;~~It:w;jti'Pi~iTri5E ' ~r.Jt{YlJ?}~JiJ5H~rJVItfif:
(-) ~1:t0'- iJli,. (Optimum Allocation)
t!(Jlttt,Hi~ t£; , t**tE~Hiz5}i1R~lt {YlJ!X'~,rgf,J:~zjJ'!- NJ1&2Ut~~
~Z*f1tNhSh ' J':)/L~A;::&Z ' f{IJi'$
NhS hnh = ----,,.-- • n (5 : 3)};NhSh
:JtZtt5J- i1R1*z § tt:JtE~ j):h!Jt1~~It ' %i5JOtEfffrrJJz~~;&. 1f1ft tE:=': fj
. £JX;:=':ff1J2U:R'Ij 0 :w;lftftm;J1&V~h*!k25%(V2~ = a~S) ~ 0 ~f!5HH#J.lIJim.g.
!k•••• ,~i'$••m.Z*.5}~~~~~.~or~m::&))~m$.~•• a.mM*~z*.5}E~~~o (ft*'t*n§~•••-1f)
- .. \!!i1 .1Ji 0'- If (Jjl.&.. : If)
1ft.5}*fl ¥3{t~ .rp~ ~{tffltt~
0.2-0.6 0.1090 0.136 0.080,6-0.9 0.0814 0.146 0.140,9-1.5 0.1296 0.231 0.23
1,5-10,0 0.9300 1.220 1.23
~ 86-
20.l2J.T
20.l2J.J:
0.4607
0.9785
0.40l2
1.2460
~bt~
0.4540
1.1170
~J:jJijiipH~;g~* ' nrJ!ffiHli~lIirJJztml'ft.&i'§'&~* ' ~*~;B::tLffi'.l2J.J: 0
llt~;B:.i'r~!:Mnlj;~HII3~ , EWz~~~~r< ' flIJ~'~~ral>tJiipq~l'ft.& 0
[f..5 • 2) :fJ{-t.J-.J~~i~~JMM~672 r~~*,~ll1!~• ;~ (~>#tJeliJft~)
I I II S I NhS h
(n » 672)fflt~ I_~ ~! Nh Sh Nh It I };NhS~ nh f h
I 0.2-0.61 31,910 0.1090 3,478 0.2615 136 0.0042i
IT 0.6-0.91 16,605 0.0614 1,351 0.0783 53 0.0031I
2,1711][ 0.9-1.51 17,2871 0.1256 0.1260 84 0.0048I
11.5-10.01 11,007, 0. 93001
IIV 10,236 0.5939 399 0.0362
,,
,I
,
76,809[I
}; 6721
(..:::..) i!t{~.(~H:~;Jf-. (Approximate Optimum Allocation)
nh == };NhX
~~~~~ti~~~~~Z~*~W~~~~'~~~~~~~~~o
M'~ fi~ tJc5Hezi'{*,}mtm¥t:1~ H'!f ' ~~~ I'ft.&mtmiW~: , llt ll~rRJ .l2J.LF fliJ'J: f-I;;~
~i'\tlt7J·~f~* 0 ffJ!:!;;*1Ejij'{*'t ' £llJ~ilt!1l~£*m~t1CiH'¥i* , fJIIl;ff~",*f'F4?1
2f'fliJiiitlf ' lli'diJ:riZ* 0 JltH'!f.l2J.Xhf-l;;f!Sh 7}~ffi* ' rrr.l2J.W~iff$~rJJ~iH·.I
it 0 tffi~{I.Hz{!7t~m*;fi~~7t~lit ' -lNta-1 ShRJ.l2J.*1~ , flIJ::fJtXh7}~f**
o jill'IW«;Xh9-nmztZ ' ft1Jnrmff!ft7t*~Sllfif! 0
- 37 ~
0.0038
0.0072
0.0115
0.0222
lfIf( JfI ~ I Nh I Xh 1 NhXh j-:J:Xh-! n ~:721
-r--o.2-;;;- 31, 910!1 O.339~11O.8431 0.1570 106
n 0.6~0.9: 16,6050.741712,316: 0.1794 121
][ 0.9-1.5 17,2871 1.1820 20,433 0.2976 200,
_IV_,_I,·5-'0·i_11_,_00_7: .2'278°1_2_5_,0_741_0_.3_65_1_ 245 11 _
~ I 76,809, I 1.000 ~-1 I :
(.=.) H:.~~FJ1i;it1tit1:!~)Jf<.
(Optimum for evaluating estimated within-strata difference)
&'Alll~z~#J§ lY:JaJttx:ffl:~zmM1jjJ4mffzfiS~N~~ 0 fjILl:M1iHt?t~'Hi1ffl;/]o~ if 0 ii':kmJ1ttz§ lY:JafiSiH'mJflz2fi:fl~&dxl-X2!&;Jt~Jftdpl-P2, Jl.IJ J1~J~ *~ 0
(5 : 5)
fflXl ffJ ~ Nh Sh Sh Ien == 672) i fh-~s~ nh '!
Ir 0.2-0.6 31,910 0.1090 0.087 0.001858
n 0.6-0.9 16,605 0.0814 0.065 0.002644
][ 0.9-1.5 17,287 0.1254 0.101 0.0039: 68
IV 11.f-lO.0 11,007 0.9300 0.747 0.0456502
'"I
}"; 76,809 1.000 6721
(5 : 6)
Ch ~ 4iJP WiJ:ittJl:Jtl
- 88-
6
6
10.10921 1.0000 ! 672
0.1090, 50 7.07\0 .0218 0.1996 : 134 0.04I 0.1054 7J 0.040.08141 50 7.07'0.0115
i
0.1254
1' 50 12.24
10.0102
0.0934 63 0.03
0.9300 200 14.14 0.0657 0.6016 404 0.03
1II 0.9-1.517,287
IV 1.5-10'<)11,007
~ 176,8091
Ffiflt i f&f ~ I Nh f Sh c, l~c~,~lt:l~c;\n~:72\ fh-- 1 --
I 0.2-0.6131,910 2
II 0.6-0.916, 60l) 2
(~) J!J-f0'-iJf. (Equal Allocation)
~~~~~~~*~~~~~~M~,~~z'~~m~~~p~m~
[~5 : 6J ~.H-t#672ji{!t.~~J!J-f0'-iJf.
ffif~',
JH ~ Nh nh (n=672) I fhI
I 0.2-0.6 31,910 168 I 0.0052,,
II 0.6-0.9 16,605 168I
0.0101
1II 0.9-1.5 17,287 168 I 0.0097
IV 1.5-10.0 11,007 168 0.0152
•~ 76,809 6721
nl = n2 = ... = nh =nIL' L ~Ffiftzr03~~~1'U~~JH~~~tk S2h' t'\1f.ftOO.p.~~*m*~*~'.ff•••• 'W~.~.~~ffft~.~~
~~,~mM~~'~~.~~~~~~*m&~~m*o~m**~~~~
o
(.Ii.) ~ ~.~~itit0'-iJf. (Optimum allocation considering
within-strata difference in costs per completed interview)
-39 -
---:'----. I . 1 I 1
I. 0.2-0.6:31,9100.109013,478
501 7.071 491 I 0.3104 2091209
IT 0.6-0.9?6,605.0.0814 1,351 501 7.07\ 1911 0.1207 81 81
][ 0.9-1.5i17,2870.1256
2,171 150112.24.
177 i 0.1119 75: 75
N 1.5-10.011,0070.930010,236 200 14.141723 0.4570 30713u7
-~I ~----- ;7~;6 - .. ------I~~;~i-l.0000 672672
a~-~~~'ffl.~~~-rn~~~,*~mp~~~mm*~*'
~m~~m8~~,~m.~A~.,~~~~&~m.~m~w*~,m
U*z7ti1Rlt.tfm*r! 0
nh = NhSh.y'¢~-. n (5 : 7)};(NhSh).y'Ch
_~a~~.,gmili••~.~@~~~~fi~~.m~*ffft.~.~ , *r!~Jt:f.1imm 0
c*) ~..( ~ ~;fdJt1Atifl\~~*-~'";Jf<.
~.~.~8.~~~-~a.'8~a.8-~zM~~.-~.*
, tal~~~§TM!; , _taJ.t~:;~t~/(/N1;;71JZffl:fl.UUljnrf'VfIjJfl~ , Jj.lJ~**k
tXi*~ j[[ fJttu~It{rfJ7ti1R t** 0
m~.~~~~~0§T~~~~~~~~~pm.~~.AD.*~'
m~~~~.*~~~,~~*~,~m~~~~8•• 'AA~ff*~~~
8~~.*Z~*~o~~~Zffl:.~*~,~.~.,~m,m~~x~
~Z.lHfB:J~t~~it0
~ ,~~~*~ ~;J.~.ik~
~~~~7t~~~,~~~.~~~m~.'mN~-8~it~8.~~m
~~§~o~~,~7t~~*zWfi~7ti1R~r!R~••~Zo
C-) "'*«~.«t.:t.AiJJi-AHi~~~i:"~.«t
jRnH~*5HRzHit' n~tJ!.fi!la§TWZ{~;;j·Z*~1ik~t&:ft:J~~:l:ft:J[jjj~o_flu rrr fiX {~~ u·Zl,uJ&~Ii 'fit ft:J ' {V1j tal:lt.~ ~ fM f'F!j%~. Z1:I:;$ £iX;~ f?:.ft:J.~.aR,~.*z7t.~tf1:l:;~ito_~~ ••B:J*.~~Mm.w.~~~1&:Q , ftIJ)ftH:r:ffl~f;J:l:;{VIj7t.it 0 11;~~z§ B:JtiltJtrr1~*ff{ , r",~Im,ffl
,xtUfE ' .J!tutjJ!.iV6J1!t § ft:Jff:l1fltilH'l:z*~\ , TIii"fQ1j~'MZ1Jl].ffli 0
- 40-
(.;:.) tt P-1 #; if!1. -(~ tt
~~~§~~~m~k$~Hz••*~~:(l)~f(uJfjfpgm'p~~IiX;*J~HI~:Fm~.=ffi*.={g.QLc.~II V9h>25% ,
JtI.l:f:;f91Jr! 0
(2);fiJlfpg4lJ'p~~/jX;*:t!H~.=ffi~.=ffiQLI:~ffi1~ VSh>2596 ' .Il,lJJtlIiX;*~f*51~7*o
(3);fi4lJ?~~IiX;*~ffi1jffi~.=ftfJ.?U: ' illVih<25%, .I1JJ»!\!*JtI.l:f:;f91J~
Nh !v'c h Z 51lm.1i7* 0
( .=..) ;ffi .n. tt P-1 #;if!~9fitt-li.
~~~~zmM~~~~~~~z*~~~W~~o~~~~~~~~
~~t.c51~a , {E3.~m/jX;zJ( TIJf{fIJJtI 0 JitIt"!j~{:E51lm.f.UH} , {E3.:Ff~:FQJ,
;ili{W.~f*f.H~~z 0
(~) ttP-1t}1)~n\*,1.~~*'J·
tzg;!@r&;*-m;!@-~~I1JlH?,:J~ , i&M'~~*!.-JEa~ , ~taI'EB1:;J$i;-p~~,~.JtI~ffi1.*~,~~~.JtI.MA~~z~o~4lJ.~-.pz.JtI,
ffift~.={trW(;.=ftfQJ,J:~~r;:~ifi*?l,~m~z~ffi1 ' .ltiJJi!i.~JtI~l!J$i;*:8:
*~lm.7*'G~~~.~ffi~:F*'~~~~TIJ~~$m~o
(A)~~~~~;ffi~~ff~~~~~M
t**Z~~!li~Z{i5fftfil!zm~~;!@~~p,,~»B ' {J!?l'1.fa!~ , ~~iJ~~~ft~1~d!\ifzI1'FAffiOikz~ 0
.l:f:;~~,~~Jfjfz~~.l:f:;~~;!@-~'i&~~~1i~$~~~~,m~
.~.*oG~I1'FAN~;!@fi~~~~~*••~'~~~QJ,~.M.~~t1~*?1'lm. 0
01-) : 5!George W. Snederes. fotatistical Methods P. P. 35
-41-
-!£m:=':$:fII!fitc.lf.HiU)IlF~~~~fl!rf~ 'tE:ff®~vr.T ' nr~fl£ntJt~~~tz (~~.~~M~~~) ,~~~~~~~~~~%~~~~~'H~m-Z/;~
o~1!fJgg , 1im~~3Z..ii~3itlj1b~~*Zrm*J:ffl:~~~%Jtjf , *J:t~*~~5tVR ' Q1,~~-~~~~~~~~~~~*om~~~~tEm~~*§~tz~~~~*~~
M~~z~~'~~~~.ffl~~.~~~~,~~g.mo~ft'*~.~~
mMM~~~'m~~~~~~~ntJ~Z-~~~~Wco
-, fftt~Jt~~Ih{t~~~
1!ill1e:hH:f (Cluster Sampling) JJ)M:ffl:e::5t~~~~~(Cluster) s1EQt~1!il.~••&'~ffi~~.~*Qt~.ffl:noa~~~~ili.'~1!il.~Z£*.& (Elementary Units3Z..m~lU!J.&ListingUnits) ~~$71J~~* 'm-~TIJWcj:l flJntJ~;!'f~Qt~~0:•• 0 rm~:m••J?it~~~1ii~t~ (OM-stageCompact Cluster Sampling) ,~g(j!§·tfl}.=J?it~t* (Two-stage Cluster
Sampling) ;f'f3Z..~Jtt.=-Ji\U:f*cj:l flJ~~ , J:lIJ.:='S!:MffO~hree-stage Sam
pling) =-f.!;t~=-f.!;tQtJ:ztmf*m~~J?itf!!l. (Multi-stage Sampling) 0
tEl.l1U~~~ , ••~t*§T)j-t~~~g ~txl1i;ooz~~ntJ~;tJ~f.x:!J\itkoo;f.H*
*~.ffl:e: 'ltc~~ntJt*3Z..m.itk~f!!lt* (Area Sampling)
s: , If. fl ~Ih ~t ~1.~ til ~, ~ Jij~# 1J;
1Jl.l;!i!;W4IJl*ill1'ffi~.~~§xnX~~1iXMi~®&ttltt(il!;p,.}JZEH1l!f~,x.!NBt-tH'.~~M'lt~0ft'~Jtt.' • .I;!i!;~~§T§~zitk~ill1'ffit(.*o~~.~
zf;jijjfljlJ ' J!It.FiztllIjl~EHrEfl~1t§T\'ffiz*~.~~rdltHxftl!f!llMHt.~lHE 0 ~~:fllJ
••~.~.m'.~~M~~.~~.*Z~~'• .Fi*~~~.~~~'Jtt.
~ , tl:ff1!ilife:ntJf*-~ run- 0
1!ile:ntJ.'~ntJ~~$,.~~£*.&,@~.~ftl!~~-.'~Mffl:m
cj:lm-• .FizntJ~~$~~1tzW'~TQt~~'~~~H~~ftl!~.~~.~~o~Jtt.rumQt~~~m~~Z~.~~ntJUod~~~~*~*~~~~Z~
.Fi~71JX~1lV ' {lKQtf{Uii.~~ZJJ~M!~t~*f:}~Ji!®fl9~ , {!!7'G!tz:lt!!~~UIj!lLr
~~ , t-t1'j[~~Z~7JJllJHN~8Jf;jijj~ , HfitJtt.lUtl{7J~Qt-~z~*:ftlI~:fi':-f~
~.f~*' m~'~$ntJf~z~ftlj 0
~.~ntJ~~~~'~~.Fiztt~'~~~~~OO~~~~-*~fitcj:l~~
.*~M.PQt~~.¥&~.ffi~,aQt.~••w~n-o~~~M!.~M:It!!~Z• .Fi••~~•••~~~o~-~~-.~.m*'S~§T~.~~.m§Z~.o~~.m~$~.Z:lt!!~*~ruQt.m'~Qt~.JJ~~~~~W
;;$: , HIJffl:~rfJm-10:rzntJ~~i,l£'ffi~ 0 §lU-&f*;;$:z~-6~ Ctt-) 1'JJf-j·*fllJH~
01-) : t**z~j1iJfj*T~f~~~tz ' ~ffi'jJnZ~1Ux:!%( 1 +S(n- 1))
~42-
~~ tt ' {fJ. rtJ:I'tI! jg jillt~§T 1&i~LmFJJ • Jtj JEQHjfml?;l1*JfHlk 00; jill ttP.Ri'fSffi-jJ[JLtt*~~.Jtjm~*~~~L~~o-~~~:I'tI!oo;~~~*,~p~~~*~~o
~~~~~~*~-.g'=Rjill.~~ •••~.~.jill••~~••~o~rn-.~oo;~~~L~~~~'~~~~~o
~~m~~~*'-.~m.L¥~~~'#~~~~ft~~jill••tt (Primary Sampling Units.mpSU) JJtlJ~-it:flll.¥ti:ffifn=it:flllttflJJQJ,
*,HR~PSU 'ffifQJ,Jlpm~=it:flll••ti: 0 mtl~*~ , fl.ljRJJ:?)Jl111~m PSU ,#~.~=itL.tt'~P.~~itL:flIl.¥ti:o
E.. , ...a ~ fl~ Ii) ;fib l;J.
~.it~~~~:flIl.':flIl.L~~'~.-~it'~~~~~~~~T.m
~:I'tI!oo; , m~~:I'tI!oo;P'3Lil~~~~*7t{!: Ctt=) (.7tIfif~fl.ljf§lR) ,~~&
QJ,~~~~:I'tI!oo;~.ti:QJ,.~~~~~~~~~~7t~~A~QJ,~~~~ptt*
~L~~M~CA*W~) 'ffif§T:flIl~Lm.~:I'tI!oo;P'3L~.~P~~.~~L
fi.o~.~+E~L.~fi~~~.it:l'tl!oo;M.L-~o.it~$it:l'tl!oo;:flIl.
Lm~~~,m.Jtj~~'~~.~~~.W~L~~aP.RT~••~o
(-) '*.~t~~tt~~~
~~~~~:flIl.~~.~~tt,~m~~~~.~~~L*~O.~m
.:flIl.'~~~~~~.~~ttJJ~g.*Lm~~ffif~e.*~z~p~
, f711tlu ' {;t~;fj lOOp;JtlOO ;fj~L.*ffU'~~~~{rnI ' ~~~JltJJ*gn =100ffif~n =1,000 0 jf.~mK:flIltt~~~~~5E~ :
(1) tt*LJji~IJ!t<M' JIi.IJ!t<t\$ , ~~IJ!t<t\tl\ 0
(2) 1l-~.LZfi~*/j\ 0 ::5'tt**tl\.-~, ~-.Rt\/J\fl.ljmR~t\$
, ~-mR~tl\ , Jlljm~P'3L~~llc ' rm'ffl'?JH~ji~ 0
00 ~-m.P'3~~~~L.-~o~~~.~.-~rm'ffl'QJ,mP'3f§~
(Int r aclass Correlation) Ctt~) ~mP'3~~tfckIM\~~ 0 m
Ctt=) : m:.7t~ ,~'~~••P'3.~{!: ' .1It£t7t{!: ' fl.1j.P'3~~~£t* '*.;1* ' ~:H{rnIL~~IJ!t<t\tl\ 0
Ci\t~) : .P'3f§~ (Intraclass Correlation) ~••P'3~.j!lf-f1:Lfij.
, M·.P'3£*.ti:IUl~~fi~.Lf§1J?{~[l({I~t.6~ '·JlIj~~.Z.pqf§
~~m~,f§lR'Mf§~m~'~~~~ft.'.P'3f§~*~QJ,.P'3f§
tm{·f~ o(lntraclass correlation Coefficient) ~~L 0
0- ciJ-02/N- CN-l)/Nq302=<1+0~
L·iJ~.FJJf§Bm~~'!lc
o~t.l.P'3f§lm~~tt
-43-
pg~-t! (Homogeneity) -1;.*, J!IjHf~;j:§Im-l;.I]\ 0 1'§IRIf9 ' Hfpg••8~.-'WHfpg;j:§Im-l;.~'M.~••-I;.*o
(4) Hf~*/J\lf9lt. 0 Hfe:*I]\lf9lt.-I;.* ' flljEi3MHfMJ::&.§T51!l'ez~
••8*'~W~.~MM.~£*.&z~ltffl%;j:§~o;5'~Hfe:~j*I]\-j&, Hf~z.§ ,~:l:'.:3*/J\W.-t!~Wt~rdlJ!IJ@:~t§1L.
zlllilf* : ~fi**/J\-5E: ' Hf~.I]\'wt~.§-I;.~ 'Hfpgzl.l~~.1'F.;j:§{Y.( 0
(~) ~JiI,1*,J'~~I*HgjJil,j
~~~~~-~~z~#;~Hfftz~p~~m&~~~~~If9'ill~
~flJ:~IJl~~.Z{f1t~~ , Hfepg1'§Bm~~iE{@: , !i\ft~"'f;j:§Im,xii1li ' ~"'f
~(.!:"£ 0 -fr.italmM!:pgl¥f1i!izl;!lpf!UX0' 'iTrf.~~~m{:ftilLf::x:.~ii1ft~J ' flU;j:§Bm~~,~mnl¥f~1i!iz~~~*o~ ••Z~{:ft:x:.~ti'W;j:§H~~'
1£;***zfpjHfit!-5E:1IV ' ::Ei;j:§Mf)f.!:"£:9.U~it{@: , ft*flHx* 0 ;fi;fElr!ro1N~ ,J!1j§Tfffitt*fxl]\ 0
Hf~;j:§IUJJm-m~Hfe:Zi'6'*iTrfit'i~ , JtJi!~$~ff~*I]\zJ!~~lft~moff~If9~*,~§z'Hfepg~p.NZ~*~~ffpg~~.m~~*oillm,flIW?~~Rfftlt!ft'.:3}J!UJUQL~L~ , ~i*~TmHl~a~tii;zJ'lff7!~ttt~z.prr*~M~' ~ff.~Z.-t!~/J\ 0
(-=.) PSU (H:r.J&.~~) ~;f.il-J"r:.~J*"*.)·~~-$;f.il
.~M.PSUzM~M*~M~~c~R'Jt~a~ffl~~~~~M
*/J\zM$M~ (Selection with Probability Proportionate to Size) fmMpps 0 §T~mpPSM~7!7J:t~-PSU flt<~~f1*z~~1~!Jt*JtZj(
~~~~o::Ei~-P~~Jt~.{:ftj(mffioWJtflt<.~.*Z~.~~~
Jt~~{:ft~j(mffi 0 illtl1ltr.jfA~J?})f'j~$f7} PSU rdlj(/J\z:11Jl 0 ~TIIT
M0'.~ti,.re~MW1Itr~I~'~~••ftZI~it~oM PSUQLPPS M~Z1& '~=~MfiH!P: ' ~~ZMft~~; fh np::FFITJ
'{[~ff1mzt,~,:fmf1~~1 f=flXf2 Jl.U~-j&' jfrj~~~ilJ.1JUmHlfI:~0 ~~
PSU 1)jtfE!L;~Z~$~!'El] , -- PSU zttiJ.~$.~ , fllj;Jt~=f&'Z;jz:filJ~~
~1 (Subs amp Hng Fraction) 81]\ 0 QLPPS#:-M.PSU;:Zy~~ :( 1) :JlJ,;~-t~ , ~1&i~#.~ (i!X~~) z£fW (:9J(;QL~~f\:~) */J\ (
f.!!€pf{) },Ut~fti~ti'=:)JUH!R!tr:j:lt!ur. 6.1Z(l)(2)(3)rr 0 #."t!l\tj(~m{:ft ~:it1&!f: 7JJQLitt~m:53'£·z3tt* 0 a 1&fP< !Nt(l~dJl: ~~Jj'}*2~lZr-r~o
(2) ~=~.~:
(a) ~5E:.7JJ.{:ftZf***/J\N:9J(;a1£jJ!fe(tll79) Z2f:l'.:37(;J\ 0
(b) i*5E:~,Mfi~$f , ~f =1/100 =O.0l:9J(; 1%(3) fit~F=l/ft&.f =l/F
(jttl79) : )~H~¥e (Ultimate Cluster)7J:tlr-M®:Ml'Mfi.l'i!{:ft (PSU)§T~ffitf~t~l£*.tIf{ 0 ~£ilPJ~fflQL:t~5fd'f-BtzMf* 0 !&QL#.m:r.sPSU ';fiW-t.jJl¥,.li~~~=~ft!{:ft (m)!ft)!&l1+,Fi) :x:.fftli)!ft)r:p,~.~=p~a*'mft1&HfHA:r.s+P(2x5)W~=po
-44-
F = IlIff = Ij1/100 = (1) (100) =100
( 4) tn-.jffit*rdJ~ (Spacing Interval) (1)
I =NF =4(100)400
(5) QJ, 3 t'Lff!L\~Utjmj~ 1 ~400rdJzfurf;ll~ (Random No.) 4-~ft{ll~]t
1C!}lljfH!Utl~3000
( 6) £J.Jlt[l;ifl~~~fd~z@:~*6:12 ~PYITIlP~::::'IT~-mft*J!&Z
;(j~ ,mJltmfttic~,J{~~W;*~Jlt~~tE;;$:{?lJr:j:l~::::'IT*~ 300i&
800@:~Jt!Hii 0
(7) ~Jlt~tic300JJuJ::filJf*rdJI'ti400,s1E~;!'tfO@:~~::::'ITZ~~Jltmft~~,
ltZ.'JJ~ 0 ~400+300 = 700ilii725 IlP~~::::'ITpq*~Jlt700Z~ft~,~,
f{ 0 i&~700llU~~2!lIT725ZI5J~JjU: 0
(8)~Jlt~A~~~IT'~~~~z~*m~~::::'IT~*Z~*~tto
(9)m2!lIT~.*~'Jlttlm~.a~Zf**tlmo~~tl~Z~••~,~~~••~*,tE.2!lITI5J-.~~~~~.*oJlt~'~Effzt**f,l~JIJJJJumtn-.0 * 6 : 1 r:j:ll.2.4.6.8.10tl_f-jlllp~@T1l1JfC!}Z
t*;;$:Hlti 0
QJ,PSU:filJ~t*;;$:1I'!f ' ~tal PSuz.*!Hir~~W;*:Ii~:filJt*rdJ~ IIiXA/m, JlIJJltPSU~,aj1!1i'M** 0 ft.\l~PSU*~IW;A/m~ (A.t**r:j:lPSUZ~J~
~'m~P~.)R~z'Jlta~.f**~,~~JltP~.ili~;!'tM~~
J:J&2VW g ~,.Z~f1!tM;ll1:fJ[-;.jz 0
A~~.Z*'m~tE:filJ~zn~mtn-.ili*'QJ,~~fio;!'ttn-.~,
QJ,A~Wpififlfd~~QJ.n!1 tUdJ~ 0
4
4
4
4
2,800
1,100
1,5001,900
1
2
345
6
7
8
9
10
tl!lHfHl!jfff(1)
h't ~ t!t I mftt1!.. ! tf;;$:zlitJE I.. t1i*lYtplJif{ I:filJtUt~(2) (3) i (4) . (5) (6)
___~ '____ I __
367 367 300 I 4
358 725 700 4229 954400 1,354106 1,460321 1,701263 2,044159 2,194158 2,352238 2,590
2,590
- 45-
f,t~*ilffi : ffl~~{UjiJ~3:~*~~;fUffl?t~~~(ffl~~1t.JIl*~~M0ffl)
e..m: A =2,590
RNa =300
1=400
• A-RNa 2,590-300I1JJ • m-l==--Y-=---4OQ--==5.7=6
__A_ =~--65Q9- == 483 3m •
(~) X/.~~tt~;f.~l~~tt~1'i;it
1. x'zt'i;n-gQtppsf1lI~Zpsm**{i5wtx'fl'!f' ;Bf**t:f:t1r£-5E:'l6~~~-5t'M~Z PSU 'JtIJff!.¥fi~ffj!f5H1U{i5~r, TIifWHiS~ri@zW
fIPnf,J:MzX' {@ 0
(a) tf*t:f:t1!!€£'5E:¥;~ZPSU' ll.PA,< -~-:rr ' f,J:f!'tHtl~t'iiIfiif1z
1f(it"f.fflT5IJ0A
(6 : 1 I
X' I ~t**J:j:1mdiPSUZ~l~ 0
A, :f.H1i*r:pmdmpSUZ*IJ\ 0
A = };A ,
t**ft.!I!. ~p~ I X'./A. 1**~TIIi{t1 X' ,/AII
1 367 367/867 == 11 0.8100 0.8100/867 = 0.0022
2 358 858/358 = 11 0.8981 0.8~81/358 =0.0025
4 400 400/400 == 1 1.8316 1.3315/400 == 0.0083
6 321 321/321 = 1 0.9526 0.9526/321 = 0.0029
7 263 263/268= 1 1.0289 1.0289/268 =0.0038
9 158 I 158/158 == 1 1.3118 I 1.3118/158 =0.0083\ - 0.0280
}; . 6--------A X', 483.3(6) =2,599.8 433.3(0.0280) =9.9659--- };----m A,
- 46-
(b) ~~t*;;M~1rJJ:t PSU {En1l~zW ' ~::t'Ii6i.:Jil:~1llijl ,~J!:!;fii..fft
X'{@ZGt.~ :X' 2 = };X' l (6 : 2)
!IfrQJ,
X' =X'1+X'2
2. ~1IJt*~ffi1llkzlISJt
Ma;', =M2~M--mJ!l- ~(Xl-X)2
M-l
(6 : 3)
(6 : 4)
N,X, = ~X;j~~ i 1'WPSUZ~~{@
X= X/M~ffl:1le.q:J4IJ-PSUZ~.t';'J{@
~ , ..::.it:If ft ~dd~=.~RlJ t:~~~{tim-f~ !))l't:Ji£;jz '!Z If:J ff.~exJtftl!m Ilk,,)!)) I't:Jfl~~~ 0 trJ5l
:tUxlj\l't:Jf.lIt~it\l.J~ , tIUfj='~1llJf1in# '1i:QJ,tf!Ei!X~~ PSU' llJ=im£;$:J¥tIo *5lm,,)tdf ' J!t~ilt~PSU 'QJ,tf!E~~=.~RlJt*J'fl.{ft 0 ffifQJ,llp~~:7JJ.
tI o
(-) .tdJ:ft~!('tt~1/l;h. :=.~~~1llJt*ZfiJt&~1:.~ PSU :*1j\Z~ffi1~tf.J:I!.~~~z~-t~ 0
~J!t,.~.~.~,mfiJltM~*~QJ,1r~Z~~o
( 1) PSU (tfJ;
(~J:J'O
1 I 158
2 I 287
W lie I 678
201 80.5 6,5003 40
52-893
82-438
98-464
172
175
I
64 4,151 38
72 5 155 41
40
B--~---~ ---------- ~- - -- -----
Ij! IE '*'- * ~ 986
Ij! IE fF ~ [;\[ 1,461
7l<.fB[;\[ : ~t&
1 2,048
2 3,531
8 484
~~ lJt&: 8,505
6-30
5-24
7-25
7-26
7-22
13.5
12.2
12.9
12.3
12.1
4.9 24.1
3.7 13.8
3.8 14.4
4.0 15.6
4.2 17.5
36
30
29
32
34
c----_._---- --,-_ ..,-- ---- _.,"-,,--_.'----------- _.__ ...._---_..._._-----.-----_.
i ~ W1r~_~ ~_I ~ _~J__".'i' ra !II '" 10\ 118,000 0.87-8.41 12,0 0.682 10.400 53
Ij! IE fF ~ [;\[ 17,000 0.12-1.71 0.83 0.314 I 0.099 36
7l<.:ffi[;\[ : ~t& I1 15,000 0.31-1.19 0.59 0.15 0.024 26
2 37, 000 0.09-1.45 0.73 0.232 0.054 32
3 6,900 0.41-1.62 0.86 0.193 0.037 22
a. ;fi!I!.zJlJ73';klj\-:!&
§i~Zfjil&~73" HffiZTf.a~ 'fI!~z' m-;fi_ffi.nr?1lH'f~~ 'iTii;fj_!:I:!.;kINllU~.* 6 : 3 irrMl; , ;fll~~f.a~9* ' l!JJ1t ' ;fjJt!.t.,(*~nr 73'nX:=~
(!ttli) : y!Morris H. Hansen, William N. Hurul tz , & William G.Madow: Sample Survey Methods and Theory volume Ipp. 245
-48-
=ifi.f1!. ' :kfj\zti"R , 4lJ=, =15-f:ltf.$- 0 fftJlt~Iff~~ 0 ~~-:k~1la
o'if:G'til~,x:kz&!\J~ , QJ,~.f.$PSU11f ' ;ltliJjj:it?JHftLU!.!!;11f;f§/i3j 0
b. tt<~p~j;#ftLJ:f:1.7t,lti
M~ifi*~;lt~p~z~j;~&11f,m#fifim~:k11f~#~-~'ifim
'XIM?iitj~?J - fti ' ~fl'fjrr-7tJfJMl tlif§;fi 0 ,Hlfz~fl}#4~&~ztli*rr!t~~fi,;fi~~~••;f§*H:k,m:k~.~~•• ,;fi.~~.~**~
lffHt ' *It?J'J~RJtlI!&!\J.mG*.j; 0 7t&Z~ , ~t13:f<1ffP:l~ifi.f1!.:k/j\--~~
fflt~ fll#li~~z~- 0 ffJ.JIt ~}]Ul.IJ.Ii;f§{ij~ 0 ;fijtJltffl% ' ~IJQJ,ifi.f1!.:ktJ\
-~~'ito
c. PSU QJ, PPSltMl~PPS :Jlb.i1tlt (~*:$:~= 1m) ?J'J~ITJ mQJ,~l\iljM.ij!:kfj\Z*-'! ' R:tt.!'f:!
,Ix:k~ , ;lttrJz:JFlJ~Zfl"fi?J'J~,,;::k 0 RZ ' fXfj\11f ' ;ltfl"f1?J'J~~fj\ 0 ;fi1fifiJ'R!tJlt:ttffi:kmm,m;ltM1f~~~~*z~~oJlt,.~z'~~.%~M
ifiEgZ:kf)\Zfii""l.fl: 0
d. QJ,!t 4-\ fiS ~i·lt~ l\iljMl tl~*m~••~'~PW:k~f§*g:k,.*z~~~QJ,~~fI$ltC~
¥DfI) '~QJ,fl'fjW.Rlt~~'m~~.~m:k~Ml.~•• offi.~QJ,
a¥.Rlt~ili~~M.'fl}~JIt~M.Z!t$;~QJ,JIt!t$*QJ,B~~.
ld'jf{z~ltJ1&y , ~IJTiJlIJlJ~$f5}mPSUft-,!ji)r51~z~. (~~I\:r;t~=1!i'j'-'
,~~m~*~ili~~~z~~.'fl}*QJ,~.~~p.'~~QJ,0:it~z
ftl]f.$
X' =~,-yY
X" <Ns
, ~ 1x = }';--XhrL 1
y= }';-r-Yh
(6 : 5)
(6 : 6)
(2) ~~f§rMJ7(tJ\Zt?l!fljIj
~~mmltl~tft:kfJ\'!ffl!Jtm~••z~~~n:k ' f§~~ , ftlj~.J1&:k 0
RZ ' flHUHi:£ ' ~-'!J1&tl\ , ;ltt?l!l\iljjjlt 0
a. ~~ Cifi.ffi.) :ktJ'~ft'~~.:k ' Jjl.~~~Z.-tJtill1'ilrt\/J' ,~~f§ruJ?J'J~jlgJlt~i!£ 0 {[
.:k.eo~~M~.~.~~.~~,~~.~f§M~~~~.ft.om
m~~w,.~m~z~.~ill1~~.mz.~$•• om~z~mm~.~M-tfrflt••1ID:P:lf"r;y.;~MJ~ 0
- 49-
b. ~~HiI~:ktl\ (tt;\)
;B=~*:k/N~~'~~~~:t\/J' '~iJPSuztHl:t\~0 .n:~~~~z
;T<t~tliHIt* PSU zf1f%:t1311'U 0
c. ljift J7gzllpff~.lH!ctIIJjg
.~J7g2~?ff~.;'iU1tfr/l~, nr1le.MH~~z;jd·:* (Subsample)
]{!fI~~it!l?}fJ1ihNt~~zi1-1Th1flfi~, E§jjjjffihnll'U.J7gIl~rdjz7Ht , ~1>~~1'I3rul 0 .~*Jlt11!J~nrf!( : (a) Jf1fR!tpf§:;lU*it!!1liifllz:kIJ,ff:7JJ ' Mfjif;~:tm~ , jifii JJitJif~1>JIHJ:~ fj fi5 ffHtztIIJ f1i~~lt~ 9>~.l:t {§~ if; t1t:Jmtt1'l31t ' fiiIfl=txlm¥' (b) f.fR!tPtli:iHlt~f.f:7JJWi;f!(Rl~zit!!1!l!.tLlI1lf.f:
~~'~ff~~fr/l.'Mnr~1>.~~9>••*MmJ7gff.1!l!.~Mz~*ffi
~oill~~.JJit'JJ~,.m'E§~i1-~~~m~~~~p~~~~~~
~offf~*7F;5mr~1*o
(~) -A~~~tttt.4l~1f~
1R PSUQtPPS it:Jm.Z~ , i1-Wi~z:Jm • .l:t$ f1 • fa WtJlt{il!~~
*.'mi1-pwZ.tIIJ~.l:t~f(=fiXh)~.-.oE§JIt1lef1i*A~n
!Njlhoff¥!z f4: fiE 0 J!t-.2t@M1 t1Z.l:t~{E fi5 tfrffl:jl~H.Mk Il;!fl/$BUJJ~ ; TiJmf{ijJ'{l
7F.fi5Mit*.~~ •• '~Qt.*•••Qt.tIIJ• .l:t.200.
(x' =~1_ x) 0
f
~m-.l~nbt*.l:t~,i , l?Ufj:i*ttffiVt~z1it ' g;l'!;rpF.frIt:J1b~z~Fi
.Y~f..)-5E~Qt{tf.ITj·5r ' tX~flj.:Jm~IfFI/$BU1ffjJP.Jh{.\i: 0 iUE"~If'Frt-:]
Jh•••ftF.fr•• 'tXa~~.~.~z••ft.~~,J!t-.tIIJ• .l:t.zI!JijflP!HlWU!~0
Jltj>j. , ~ffl-3&M!t*.l:t~1~ , ~ PSU ztlZ~.~~./fiJ.:kIJ\ 0 flD.N' @taIPsUd~m;x 0 J1JJ1Jn{tfJi"z2n , '=:'::'?\Jllj~3n 0 Jltfil1~ft1il'ittPF~J
T45-••ftZIf'F:5HB 0
(..=:.) '*tl,*.~ttJlJt.'l~tt~1tjt
1. ~.zfi5ift
=~.*ZP~QtPPS~.~.'~ft.**.~A~m~~.~ft
~,mB~ltz~~nrQt~:Jm.~$fZOO~.Qt.*~~o
x" =: --i-- X (6 : 7)
X 1.'it**Ml 'tX{§1Jflll' t**rp*:mztinfiifil x=128lfl' ~,tIlt1Utq,:f.$f=O.OO0999, ftl]
- 5Q~.
litre;z7kmffl~a~1fijft~
x: = O.OO~99 128=100(128) =12,800Efl
2. nb~~JPltztsITt Cttt)~~*~a~ro.~*'~~Z'~£*.&~fl~~~~~~m*Z
tI~ , J~JJ;It~f<ts:n·1d1Z:j:§~~~~f<ztsm·0J:!:~ :
(6 : 8 J
f =~~,nbtilt~
m =t~*$PSUztk§l
mX, = ~Xo~~*$~dm PSU$mflJ;*
i
fP-&zi\!!;jUXI j~1f1I.ffMJ;*.tLzf@
X=.X-~m-Psut;t*l~1Jtt2?f'3J{ifimm
X=~XI~~*$~m~$J;*.tLZ~j
*fJ!!f<ftts~~~•••e~••ts~~,;It~~~lt.~~~~~~.-&
j;lij~=~Z~~.o
(tt-t) S!ttliP. P .257
- 51-
~.t.Ji'i:fif c..iJj1lZrr·Jj';tNi!=Jj';t:fflj:t*~ PSUZ&~ TITQi.PPS fElI~rt1JDQi.tiflJiJ 0
~~,~~Jj';t~~~Jj';tzfElI~,~~-Jj';t,~=Jj';t~~Qi.~~Jj';tfElI~.&Z&~
3)'l~TITQi.PPSfElI~rt1JDQi.~M'Z~flilJ 0 :tE~Jj';tfElI~fIt:~I9Ji'Jj';tZ~**Qi. PPS l-tfElI.Z~'M.fElI~~$*~-.'~~~~~T.~-Jj';t£*¥&zfElI~~$
, ~fru ' tE=m:if!![;IifElI~ ' ;ft-!:t!Qi. PPS r!fElI.z:f& ' ~t**M-'~.J?g~pz:Jm~~.M~-~o:tE~Jj';t:Jm~~'.~ (PW) .Mm(~=Jj';tfElIg¥&)*QJ.
PPS*:Jm~.oM••¥&.p:Jm.~*~.~~oWff~~~••~.Z~Jj';tfElI~,~~£*¥&z:Jm~~$~mz~'~TIJQi.T~ff-rtti~~••~.z * ~ : (l) t**:tE~Flfrdl:rr~ i9f] :5HR ; :tE~.Q9~ fit: fjf !IVMrn:JlV~·titif!!00ij{;k I]\:5}
.'TIJ~~~•••~~.zfElI~.~.M~;n:=~%.«6p~~~*TIJ.1, 982pZF.iJrr.~lftltl*-tlB9*tj~ ' 7124pMitlf**;fiti<Q9~:5T. fll] {~~1, 566piiXf!J$.T ' flJ.~~j78%Zf** (~~1i:$":~=~i'j) 0 (2)@ tt:.~:k/Hr-71]Z~
~:rr*~~~:Jm.o~&*m:JmZ~*.~~g*z~WMm~(~~1i~)
&71- 'il;~~7J]~&zJj}.~.HjHrm%~~R;f , t**Z~r.~i0J:5TV!~3'FIIIfflJ2J.
1f3ttif!!~fIjIJ~prR~a.:J!H.l'f{Z&~ 0
- , ;}f ttJ 1fIJ ~'- ~ ~d1 ~~:t.. Jll ;'A(-) rn~f!13' 1im:$":TIJ~ ' ¢i31t~ 672pt1i* ';fiQi..ftrt5:J·i1R~~·.l:ll ,
nl]TIJ~~~tzpjlqlf(Ni!.l1cz~~.M~ 0 h0~i1I]r:p 672,Fig*;fitt:ftitlt:5T~flJNi!~{¥1J:5TifRZ1,566,Fit1i*f'Uf*tr!lillt ' TIJMj>;k¥-:J 57%Zf1* ' Jlt-x~~~lJmh01liJ?g~~*Of~.tJt;kzMcVs x h =165% 0
m~~~{;f;.&:,~*~20-25%1Jflt!:f~5:J·tf:ffl.ft:5TifR* 0 iiffliJ ' ::FJr:QJ.Emtf:ffl.~%i1Rm~~~.I~Z.rno~m.~~~.~~:5Tz-,
*¥'1flJ.j>10%zfElIt1.~. 0
C=) %~~Z~*~~'~~~Z§B9:tE~~~~~.~~W~Z~~.~
t'&\.Z*~ 0 J&QlJt{¥1J~.J?g.~ftShzt**:5tiJf(flJ.~.pl;j2fi±!:J.~H~\.
~~.&zfElIg.~.';fi.J?g.~&~ftm&.~~.o
(~) ~~~••Z§~:tE.~.pI;j~.~.~Z~~~'.~.~m•••~~*ffl~.~mlt~rlz~f*' flIJ1fMf::F£~r~.~.~&£iif*~!~. 'W2:rr~.:5tifRo&7I-'~:rrft~.z:5T.'~1lipl;j.~~.z.*:5tEx
mmk::Fm*'ft~' ••~~::F*~~1f~*Z~~'~ffl~~:5T~~o
..=. , -ltft~.ft~T J~.tt:t..#;jt
c-) ~Jj';tfElIt~, ;fj~*Jj';tt**zfElI~*QJ. PPS t! ' fllj~~f1IH.t*zfElI~~.~S-.'~~~~**~~A.@.~.ztt~,~w.m~o~~M
~.~!.z{6;HffiI ' IIIQi.-f7JJ05:tm.z:
- 52-
, 1x ==--f-~X
x 113;It1HlJ:zti*!!lZW; X'==NX
x$§~~tlJ:zti*~¥qlZ
{5.1'dil;*'4'tt'1:f]-~f.J:t{71J?J·VR~ , ~IJAA~.kufiJJ ' tf*:t:~}.U:'I ilJJJnffHi*o[l;jJlt ' tEiiHf.ti*filii1t1t1f ' rti~ ti*fiH~'~iil~Fffffi:~lZz*tl\.:yBjjt'1jl;
JJnffli 0 ?HfJ:lIDt1iJJnfif@~t~r.:3lZzITt~113 :L
X== ~~hXtt (7 : 1)LNh~
TIii JJrTff¥HMt ~,J!UIj 1.'5L
X' == };NhXh (7 : 2)
ill Wi-1lt~5t::5Nirirujiff~m~, ~IJnrm tlJ E ilJJJnff¥!~5tz$¥~j]~ , JltWi~5tMnr~~~zfiJ:to.Wi~5ttEm* ••~~'ITt.I~NMnrB'{B.::5t**p.tEn~BBJ:' ~IJM;1.'5W!im 0 f[::5~f1U~~tlJ:Z?TWEltf~lt{jffi
~1Z~~1t!f ' ~ iElitfili ~tffl:~.~W: ' ~1j~FJJnBJJn1t~nr 0 ~B~*1'fI.t'1:
IIp-z~FJ:t{71J?T~7J1.'5~~:Jmt1i~~lZ~nrw;~zj]7t 0
(=) mtE.ft~B~~(W~)=~.re~m~~±••M~mz~••~m~1.'5MBm~~*.t'1:~J:tM~.z=.:Jm.';Itffi:.~tlJ:filiITt~Wo~
~~••filiM*.z~M,~m~*~m.~o1'E:tt<*[i\J~~JlfH**:ft!'}Uttf841il'lIBE 74l-1lt:ft£, ;ItllBjjJ1z~W1.'5
a. "fJ-1i;Mf:ftm (PSU) tj(±.;fIJm*5tz~foj~:!1HL-1lt~m (~~~
-1lt~m'~ffi~*~'~ffi~~~~*m~o*m~~~~-1lt~m,
~*&-,=,~) 0
b. ~m1ilt**:ft£?TVR~Jlt.li1il~mr:j:l(~ml =84) 0
c. BtJ'E1.'5~~:lIDt1i·¥.t'1: (PSU) BJ:t{71J~*t.J!!.*ll\ (:ft**/J\B~tJ!t!.zllp.$~~~?T8%!'\t)Z~I¥lIB~7t (PPS):JmjjJ1mt:ftij!~
fl*o~*m~?T~1il±•••~m~mr:j:l'~-.*:ft*z~P~~.*~
~1.'5Q!HIl ,0.2-0.5, 0.5-1.0 , 1.0-2.0~2.0 BJ:TIii~~*flr:j:l~.fIlIBjJ!lf
2p~.*otE~ffi~~~~~ffi~*~'~~.*:ftij!~zIlP~~.*
1!\?T1.'5::=*n ,0.2-0.9, 0.9-2.5!1&2.5 BJ: 0 TIiiE~-*1.l (~*~.~)
r:j:l~~M.2p1.'5.*,~;It.jiffMr:j:l1lBjjJ13P,.~z'tE*~~8-1lt.
P~I:J:t{71J.?J·~q~4 *I:Ir:j:l , ffiin:jiff~ffi~ , ~Ij~~~ 3 *l.lr:j:l 0
±~~m~m(mrnWi~ffi~) ,.~ITt£M~'.~~o~-~,1'E
- 53-
M.~~m.-.~~me.~~.,.~m~'.*M.~~ftlm••tzJiSiITlt!j I 3)~1!itluft 0 ~~zMc I ~±i1!!~~JiS~t~,tt~;fOflP.!tOOm.~JiS~•• OmH.~~.'.T~m.~iIT•••*~I~••p ••~m7'1- I 3)~ltJ!{iftrtJiS~t~ 0
MftliOO±i1k~~r:j:l 'f:f-~~~fiI:i~t.tz~~f;j.7J.lt,,;:~~~rR'
flUJ)'j••m,.e,fffi.o [!;J. ~~~z:fl\Jt~ltiF~!"]1 MctEfil:iITtm{1U~.IWf3)~~jm
~~M'~1Jotfif 0 TIiiffX{i5iftftli~~P;1t~•• ~IlItP1J[J·ftUi~!,tz5liFp.¥;j.'1~~
ffT¥U.,fjR fd't :a. 84.jfljjtji*H.~ m-:fj.!I!~:fl\J_fI~P iJ 0
b. n-1i'I!.~*~~IlPMjRlt$W:••Ptt~84.fm1i.!I!.~4l;H~.P.IB~~.M.lt~oft:fl\J.lt.~••~mBfiI:i~~-:fjm¥-~.P.~.~.fl{z•• 0
Xli th = :t**rj:I1'fH±i1!!~*~~j:fjm!f',k.~*~~h t1l~~[lliJ1l.f@ 0
m, j k =: :t~*41~i±i1k~~~j1im~k ~J1lP. 0 7J<.fEl~'='.jfljj±i1!!W~r:j:l
4lHflmu t$~1i~2 I !¥-1B~a::k.~~ miJk3)~~1i~ 2 I TIiitE;ltffujifiHfim'Jk~~M 3 0
1. Jl~•••tt~fil:iiIT
.i±i1!!~~I~j:fjm'~k.Jl~••••Z~.fiI:i~~.
C7 : 3)
_~us:m" ilk .~.~~~:fl\Jt1ilt~1~-reJtx
~£nIPij.~ i ±i1!!~~~ j tPI!~:fl\J•.mn,l I JJJJ., ±±IIJ.";tf~!11U[j
.~*1ttt\tz~~.fiI:i;fHil!m
X' ih= ~1C~j~_ (7 : 4)j P;j
#xft-0AT1J*tI:l~-ii:±IIJ.~~.jtf.!I!..k*~.~••Zr~\. I ~1& I iiiQ.
ftfil:i~~.Hm~-*.~1Jo ••~±±IIJ.~~o
-0A7:4T1Jm.f:f-±±IIJ.~~~ff-MJl~•••tz~~.JiSiIT~o
ilifli.jfljj~~r:j:lff-~~Il't~.{'J&~.tzz::F.1l':i~t-1itflP• .=.W:Qg*~fiI:i~{itf~~l
(T~-0A7:5) om~fil:iM1it~T1J~~!,,]~.M~lt~o
)z~·~.~MfiI:i~.,.~~ , flPf.H~;$mt:~fil:iiIT{[{ I ilif~*fl~fJ5iITr~\
.T1J~T~-0A7:4*tI:loftfil:i~~~T1J~~$m.~MM~lt~o
fElJlt ' ¥-••~~$mj1u.'!\lt~.fil:iITt{IfIT1Jj;ET:71J'='fiJ!:Mt*1%Z:
a. ffi-0A 7 : 4 *tI:l~*IJ.ltfil:iITt-{IfI 0
b. m-0A7: 5*tI:l~±±IIJ.~~••JiS~HIfI 0
c. m-0A 7 : 7 31<tI:l~·±±IIJ.~~~*I:l~••{MHitl 0
-54-
(7 : 5)
(7 : 6)
(7 : 7)
x ,.. "= ~X' i. k
k~~±~~~ff-~~~~~~~~~~~~
X' , .. k = ~X' , . k
i
*~$ffl:e~~~~~~fif[~
X' ... = ~X' i = ~X' ..k = ~ ~X' ,. k
i k k i
~±ilfr~~~~~ffi1JnIIP~!t1ifffl:ez~m-fif[ 0
2. I1lp~z~~t
I1lpltZ~m-1FTiJlMIJ:-3!Jj;.Il~~1tz~~t~~ , ~i±~~~~ k ~11l
p tJ&~ iIfii1i5~tfif[ ~
Y" t , k = ~ M, j k (7 : 8)Pu
JltM o =JfH±~~~~j;j:;jm~k*Jll1lp~1J&
ff-±~~~l1lp~~z~~~m-~~:
Y" , .. = ~y i -h (7 : 9)k
~~±~~~~¥-••P.~Z~~~m-.~:Y" . t = ~Y' '-10 (7 : 10)
i
~$m:~fllp$~,tJ&~iIfii~ITtfif[m
Y ... = ~Y' , .. = ~Y' .. k (7 : 11)i k
Jlt~~~$ffl:.fllp••z~m-.TiJ*B~±.~~zftp,.~.~*~I1lP.Z.fn0
lIP ~.*lJ ~±~~*&.~$ffl:ft¥~1t~Il~z2fi¥oJfifix ' TiJJalt~lr!*til
(7 : 12)
;j:;jm~PPsM.~Mm.,~;j:;jm*~~w~~@~'*~m.*mft~
i't!tJm?1Jiiz4:'dlf: ' Jlt~.f**liJ#f;j:;j.~llX!f~f1H& (M:=) jIffljJfrf7U-0Jt;*ffit1~
~~~:
Ott-) : ~H.H.M. Sample Suvrey Methods and Theory volume
I PP. 419
-55 -
V~=Y~,+V\,-2Vx'Y' (7 : 13)
V . 1 ~Lg\.u(, Agh,)x'y' =X'7~L -1"<' X IIh --A-X g
g g h g
(y ' _b uh y ' )'vh Au g
X' Uh=X' ghl/PUhl
LuX' v = ~ X'Vh
h
, Dh..1 1 nh~ a 1X vhl = ~ ~f- ~ f--Xhl aJ
a h s a j hlaJ
f h I aJ~fh I a iH~1Ulj¥{ftg1i!~=~tmt*.l'f{ftZtmt'i.l:t~1
m:JJII1.y Uhtli-JY'umYZ~~
Agtli! (6 : 1) -0AZ5E:~:mfi'Uf,$~h *BPSUZ~~~f@
h};AVh =A u
V~, =V,., ,,'
V~, =V"'y'
~~~~~~~T0A7:4~7:8~~~.m~~~~~~~••w~~.z~~'ill~-#mM.~*ST~m~~Zm:
a. ~-~nHt*-l!fi.{ftZ:flH~~$ (~~)
b. tf,=~nHt'iJ'P.{ftZ:flHJ!~$(ft!!!)
- 56-
~3Hl ~lr ' ftifllJ B:rH'f3' jH! ' mtw ' f** ilIL\~jj~z#:~7HfiHli!?ti1iH**
~~~~MS~•••~,~~~.*zM.ft.~*fto@mtwftifllJ~~~*.(~~.*~~tw•••M&~W.~~~)~~m~~••z.M,mftifllJ~~~~~~~~jj~~~-~~~~.~ •• o~®~~jj~~~.~~~~~'~~~~~'~~~IT~.*?t~IT~~(tt-)o~?t~~~~~~m,*
Xt&~1JIl~~0 m~WI'='ff1i~?t)JIJ1JIl~~~twr :
tr!J¥.~wiHl!i~t~ (Simple Unbiased method of Estimation)~J2;H**
•••~~.~.Z••~"S*~••~~e.~.o~*~~~-~~M~j(r;·:rffft&xfi!}tr!JI'fI.jJJ{li€it (Simple Expansion Method)
X' =_1-X (8 : 1)f
~
X' == _r:-J-Xn(8 : 2)
~
X'==N" (8:3)
~2f'j2J.z~~lX#:i~jji't~t'~( 4 : 1 J f.i! (4 : 2) 'ffii~~~lXz~
ITt~Af.$
S2S2x ' == (I-OW (8 : 4)
n
~u·TIii.~:®T~Zlj~3'~~.~~fl!iITtl! 0 *~ITtt;r¥r.fifmJ'v·W~ , /ftlll-:ij£
~.ITAft®T7fi'm~~M.ft~~o
ltJ;Hl!irrt7't (Ratio Method of Estimation) '}''5-am~{g-f:j(t1zfti
ITjj~'R.z~~@f.$£am(~~RM),@m~~w~~~o
~ i{~ fl!i rrtl! ITf?t~mf!I!
a. ti~A
rn?t~.*~m~~~~~•••lXz~$
(i'J:-) : *?t~m'~ (Difference Method of Estimation) Z ~ITt5tf.$
X"==X'+k(Y-y')' 5t~k~m'1t' (Constant) 'k~1~~(;lt*
* 0 ~~~. (j~ f/, == c 2x' + k2a\, -2k P ax, a~., 'M'k == f3 == P ~>i~ /Pir»:
, C~<f,f.$JfZ!J\ 0
- 57 -
x'f :=rY (8 : 5)
b. 1Jtt-Bf!:J~ft1f;;j(t!J~rHI~lJtzJt~,l , ~t~B~!fizv, ~;ffY!lJt;;j(f~fJl1mFpiS]J(
L LXl''' =:: IXh'/ == }";Yhrh (8 : 6)
Xb '/ =::Yb~L=::YhrhYbXh~Yh~tl**~l!J!-l(
rh~~J\\:ifJtif,l
x'x=::--N~
~MJt~\f;lj~tfi1iZ2f'iS]1J1k~~J(~~~n
S\1 =:: - t2~ S~I/1 ee ~t2]-
(8 : 7)
(8 : 8)
(8 : 9)S;9] ==Y2S~
S~ =:: (1_fir2V2x+V2y-2P'VxVy, n
() , _ }";xy. - v ( }";x2) ( I y2)
J:i!J!;-0Jt (8: 5) ~ (8: 6) r:pzr=::-~-£iX:r:=-?-TIJn:t**zJt~'\l1~
TIJ:fflffl:~Z!t~,l0 X1:tdtL-t't\{E?llifJE~-2HJ&{Emll'~jJmz~ilJf~'i£1I:tj , ftlJxi!J;lZ~ft~*m~-~*z~~~~,~~~~om~ttm!t*~r~~ff~~~@
rp~~1JDB~~i 0
1. fifijJlA~ft:tl* (Two-independent Samples) mffiJlAIm-tl*(Two-phases Identical Samples) z~1* 0
!t*~rTIJmB~~-~~{Em~MMz~~~~'~~r~dtm~
~'~tt~~~~~*g~~~*~£iX:Im-~*omm~ft~*~lliffiIl:tjM
Z~1!f' ~mr1&mJlAJjfal1;tz~?¥;'J::fm)Ijjflii8 '4UII' A,-$al1;tl.5.8.~J1l? ' r$J'lIJ~1;t2.3.6. ~hl? 0 ~ft:fl*mffi~M§T~1!fzhl?¥;'J::fm/Wj
'i'lXMM~1!ft-J'~J1JJ~~::f~~~.N.ililjxf{;* (Conditioning Effect) 0 §TmmJlA/Wj-.*~llinM~1!fz.?,{E.JIA.~~~~a~.fi*flii8o
)Ijj-.*~1;t,nMti.M'f!:JM •••~z::f••~£iX:•• ,a~~~~
-58 -
* 'f~W:illJftZ~IIf1t1: 0 /'l::t& ' .dtmJ'ltit*Zj!i*~1'niJIUll!.jj;ll~*z*/Hj!
/J'1J-~?~tEmJtllrB'zffirMl*/Nfif5E 0 1r!HIJ-~1tt£mJtllrEl:lpg fff.1J YlzrHfftJE (Persistence) .wIJtill~~ffiitUi!/J'1J-ftl!.&;.:tE~WJP3JlR.Z:@1t$i!1t5!~
~ , lllWj{1j1HJ$:M:illJ~z~ll!.fIjIl5&:*::F* ' JlIJ/J'1J-tti*Z~&fX~.1L~*:f.-$/J\
I .dt~ItWffl!t1-tti* 0 f§RiIfi '-Wtal-1H'l\:tEmJtllrEI:I:f.-$~f§rmiliH(;-*f(~
:illJ~X~~~~~~~'~~~=*:illJftZ~~~o~~Wfflm~.1L~*o
.~ffi~.~~'@M-*.~.M=*ff~M5&:*.~o~M=*.~(
After-exposure Survey) 1l:W:5t~fi* (Split Samples) 0 tlP-$ill'ffl~.1Ltti* 'Ba-$ill'ffl/J'1J-tti* ' El3J1tjipjtti*, ~jij.~ll!.fIjIl5&*z*;J\'
~~=tQJj1i'M'Z.!f 0
2. QJ;/U:~fitfY~ Y9X;t~*fitfy' 9X; y' :f.-$.I:t~\~~Zj!I*
~~m~~Z.l:t$r~'~~It~ffl~~~:f.-$~~~Wffl~*.I:t$oJlt
rp'HJ1zffhR:1iffilam~f.ltXt~Yi f§~f3L!tz*/J\JJ~ik5E0 .trutti*rpJltm*f.ltzf§lUimYlwl~ , {7IJ.Il~*/J\Yi~Jl~. Xi rEl:lz~-f* 0 .~*~ , ;It
~ffl f,Jt;:* ' f!l~;J\$;' , jU~ffl ilH;~ , m~rEl:lff~ltzf§~tE 0 ~m~_f.lt
FJlff~ltf§~tEn;J , 1l:t+:ffl tti*.I:t¥r =-2'- =~~- , ~ J1JJ ' ItB~HfiH Y:f.-$y y~1J&o
4.5E*f]--;;jzIJlW.ftBt5.n-Jl~!&Arp~m.ffl§Tf5za:5tlt 0 ~
~~~~*~~~m.'.Ba~~e.!&A~zB*~~.I:t.'~.*.
t~z2Ji,g~~m.fl'Ij~{{j:~zp..fI;:]~ , Jl.1j @l Jlttti*§Tt5iitz~,1:.m.ffl JM:3J,m~
ot&~a~BB~~e.!&A~.*.~m.ffl,~§Tt5~zJl~!&A.1:.
m.Z.l:t.~JM:.~of§RiIfi,.~.*zzp.~~m.ffl*fi'~~JIt.*
fiRt5,nZ.l:tq·l{:,JEfl[,jfl1 0 {8J'JIXE;fi~~t*t5n 0 ilifBt**zt5.n-!&~~~trc
'B.*~?Z~m.:f.-$~~~'.5E~m.~!&AMff~1tf§~:tE°E.
*Jl?Z~m.fl'Ij~~Hzp.~~'~.*Jl?z!&~~JM:~Mzp.~trco~JIt
'.~.*.?Z~m.fflt5n~.~'~~*.?Z!&~~JM:~••• o~~Mz~.'~~~mJlt~t5z~~'~M*••~••~.o.~*~:!'!]fI!1 {jjjjfr£lI;!j , ;ltff!;%5Hiff3/J'1J 0 IElJlt ' 1&tal xi~ yi zFJlff ~ltf§Bm ' JlIJ.I:t$Z~WIt*e.*o~~~~.Y(9X;T).B~'1&~M~.zf§~~
1U;§J(;7t3dfffff3~ff.t£ ' Jl.IJ:Fi1Jt~ffl ti*.I:t~ , TIii.ffl~M v (Y') ~~t(
o
3. t+:ffllt~.§.t5at;f!§Tmt**z*ll\ 0
nm.l:t.~n~~~.**~.ffilam~1J&~.~MzM-f*ilif~o-W~
~~txn~z~f* i1JQH~~rnjJ!~ZOOf~;&~~TIIil1- , ftlj yZ1illt~t*trcj:!J(;;f§.
e~n p xy , ;f,= ;1\MO.15§J(;15%1t1 ' t**tlP~iI1ll.~* ' -wtru;ltrJlzrm-f*~tJgB~:lJl\}J]U!~~zjfi~tI:;~.tdIIli'.ll=' BIliJ C m~ftIJ~Jl!Xz1illt&-f*~{:'1ill\M
- 59-
A
,8III.::..
n~(xi-'i )(yJ- y)
b".y== I y)2n,Yi-~
=-lX; (8 :11)
fJ!iITt{@x'~Z~;%f<~
S;'~2 =S2", (1- ,0'2) C8 : 12)
p'2.w.-05t (8 : 9)
S~2 == S2x(1- P , 2) (8 : 13)
ffl-~i§z' ~W£\i1{(i.rt{itlz~~~~iiJj\ 'JtMz*{it!m~~11rn1t~·=t:jffilNi
rrtfit! -f* ' {!l~r~:I1Hx~~ 0
;'Ili'lHi!iff7!7J m~Q$Jj~5t*
I±lll~*f.*z~,t{ , ~Q$fiSNt{iR~
lt$fiSNt~mlP:J13-Wil~zfiSff{@
;{!llt!t$fiSNt~Zli!flitt!*o
X" == x' -b (Y-y')
C8 : 10)
x ~y ~f1i*z=t:WijfiSiltfit!
b~.l2J.yi~fl~t{ xi13fl;;l~t{
z:Ji*~Q$~II!('fF~ffl:e~
QijH%~ fi Z fiSiltfit! ' ;ff~ f{iJ
Jjt~tlt**b". y~
O.05~ 5%Jjnr~13~* 0 IE _::.. ' [email protected]#i It }.!- (Regression ~
method of Estimation)
&m&m~+ft~m~~m¥~.ft-*.w~.'Jtm••M~:ro:~ : N == 8,OOOF
f** : n = 800F~~ : 2j'iJl-4i1!i~0. 77Efl
~~~ S2=0.25
7.l<.lfi : ~riti~x = 192Efl~if;& S =0.18
/J\~ : ~ffii~y = 24
~;%~ S3 ==0.09
7J<.f8:'MJl~ITiilt p : =0,9
Xi"tYiZ~~1%tkb=0,82
Ij\~"t.ll~ITiiltp'=-.28
(-) JfHgHI'!~fjjjjt'i~~.Ht.
(1) ~mgg+fL$~.7.k~'F~:lS]iIiim!lU~iIiimz~fjjjjt'iITt1tf1
(2) fi5fftL~:JI;:JjmltZ~~tk' ~!'fj§lt~f§!f~~lt
(l) x" = ~ x = 88: x 192 =1,920Ej3
X - _:lC~ _!,920 -0 24m- N - 8,000-. '1"
S2 0.0324(2) a, S2"= (1-0 n =(1-0.1) -800-
= O~~~&,~3!4=0.OOOO3645
b. S,,=v' saj =v'-O-,OOO03465- =0.006037
c v- = ~"-- = 0.006037 =0 0252jjJ(;2 5%• x j 0,24 . ~.
(=) 3l1:EEB~jlXJgg+1i.$~:itt~*'t' ;n~~8,OOO4i.ll~z~t!iIiilt~5,5oo
Ej3'~ii'k~~EBgg+1i.$~gg+fL$.Il~Ufilt~1fM~z~itIJ'fitffl.lt$#;
fi!iITt
(1) En gg + 1i.$Ztt:j!j:iIii:m*gg+:tL.$7J<.f8~:lS]Ufim~~'!\iIiimz::f'9.fil fi5~
fit!(2) ffU'~.It$Z~~'lZSr
(3) t'iITH~.Ufiff{Z~9l'lZ2Z~~~S2x, 1
00 t'iITt.iIiim.~:lS]iIiimZf§:'M~~.
(6) fi5iIT~:lS]iIiimz~~'lZ.~~.
(1) X'/l=-i'-y= ~'72i x5,5OO=1,714.29y •
v _1<:-'- _!!714.29 =02143.J\, - N - 8,000 •
(2) S~=(I-f)r2 Vx2+Vl-2pv
xvy
n
3 _...§'L __ (Q.'18d_2 __ 0.0324Vx- )(2 - (0.2143)2 -0.0459
=0. 71Vx = 0.84
tr2 S~ 0.25 - 0.25 0 42 V 0 65Vy= y2-= (0.77)2 -0.5929=' , y= •
- 61-
s~ =(0.9) (0.312)2 O.71+0.42- (2)8~98)(0.84)(0.65)
=0•000006567
(!t~f~~~flX)
(3) S;//l == Y2S~ = (5.500)2(0.0000065) == 196.6250
Sx' I == v196. 6250 == ~4. 02
( fi!ifft$@Uilftt~~tz)'/ _ 5x"j _ 14.02
(4) V-x. 1 - -X;/; - - r,-114-:-29 =O.00E2jjJGO. 82%
(fi!i~~Uilftt~~~Wfttm~~~~)
(6) S~ == 52x'\ _196.6250 0 000003072
x j W - (8000)2 .
( fi!iITFl:i~Wftt~~flX)s., == vO'-.=00=0=00=3-=U7=2 ==0.00175
(fi!i~2f:iiSjUilftt~~~)0.0175
Vs, =0 2143 == O.0817!iX8. 17%
(:::=.) ffl~~~~8::~~
(1) R;mlJY+:tL:q-:7.km~~.J.miftt~2j5.f;;JiIfiftt' i3~bx.y=0.32
(2) NiiH'4't';-]TIiif!z~~f{, ~~~~'iJ:fEI!i.tf.{!1,t~e.~p' =0.98
(1) X2'/ =x' -:- b (Y - y)
x' =N" == (8.000)(0.24) ==1.920Ffl
Y==N9 =(8.000)(0.77)==6.160£f1
Y == 5.500Ffl
b x • y ==0.32
X~ == 1.!l20-:0.32(5.500-6.160) == 1, 70B.80
( $~ 7K MTtIT flO
)(2 == ~- ==~, ~~~O~O =0.2136Efl
(7Ufi 2j5. .IS] jllj:m)(2) 52x2=52,,(1-P'2)
52,. =0.00003645
P , 2= (0.98)2 == 0.9604
5~2 ==0.00003645(1.0-0.0604) ==0.0000014434
SX2 ==y-S\-;- ==YO~OOOOO14434==0.OO]2Ffl
( fi!i ifl·2j5.~Wi:fl~1\t~)
V- =2-~~ - o. DOl:.? == 0 0056#0 56%x )(2 - 0.2136 . ~. v
-,- 62 -
~fi!i~j-/-.I ~\ 71< m I 2fi r:3 I fi!i 1ft ~ ~ TIii ftifiS ~t <, Ittl ii, .!m'!M~i1tt~ n
:1Jit~l TIii ffi ; TIii ffi I ~~l& • ~i1tt~, (%) i
~'lfI.::fmllt 1-1,920.00 j 0.241°.00003645\ 0.00603711 2.52% 800
it 4-1 it! 1,714.291 0.2143 10.00003072" 0.00175 0.82% 67.42
jmJ 9r1'i it: 1,708.80 I 0.213610.00000144; 0.001201 0.56% 31.60
~1Y3 : nfj·$Zt~;;$:*Ij\;1%J.?J,fmJt'Cfmlfi!i1fh'H0J:t~ffl{i1ttI1P3! 0.00003645#5
~7ki1tt€Ffj'ffit~;;$:Z*Ij\ 0
J-:.~=1*:1Jit ' J.?J,fml'fl,~mifi5ITf·itz~~tb~~* 0 ;It;j(;qlt$fi5~nt ' J.?J,j0~~itt0~/J\ ° I1Pffl~tlJ:iiZj( , ;fi J/,tITt;W:-¥*1lz~AA~ , f\IJJ.?J,fm JlMMH.t:!%MW1'i,~'{J(ffl ' 'M"mJ~pt{lJ\fl~ , li"FlvX;:t'\sJ.?J,J:Mf ' tf:fflfm¥fi!iJi·itM-a:1J-fll! ' J:tbi'~
l.t~~U~m,;( , nr~tUIf. ' fEl.;fi~i!!!J£1Il'iitJ:t".x: ' {JJ~fm¥ 0 ;iir;fi!i~i'JJitac!f ' fM~tt.I~Z.n,~.~~~.om~~~m~.Y~~nr.m{JJt0-~~~
m1 ° ;f!,' Y1mit f:1 ;ltftl!*iE( UHiS0l tt;;$:) ftlJP:trt'f:fflnYj'I.tJlJ.!{it ' ~~j'fZftfdtf!o
(-) AA -'-5:t.~tl:.415:t. :
Jltmf\l!fiSm·JJ·itZ~f* ' ~l'VfiJ~ Yj]3iJXi m~.~~Z~~f~~tlil.tflB~V7,
J!ik11iTlt o
(a) -!Ntn! ,t) >Vx/zVx , JlIJJ:t4-!fiSf;Nitlz~~l&¥.f0'1JNrijYl'{~iii\ifMl·{i!'f
'JltMf1i!\tRfflJ:t$it o
(b) -!Ntn! xi.yirdlt0lEmlUJ ' liiJ1lj~(a) , ftIJlt~-ifi!iITt1lli!Z~),UX ' ¥.f11'0'M' fm¥f,::fWo fi5 iIT {WI 0
(c) -!N£nJxi~yU151:;~mJmP= 1,0' Vy/V:.. =2.0 r!X;M* ' JlJJffif!l!Jj'
ttz~~ll& ' :ffJ~1!!Hl 0 Jltnlj , 1i:tRffl::fWofiSm·i'.t ' ltsl;lt,xffflJ'(l.;z?ti:fu o
(d) 'M"mBmt.1:fit' J:t$it2~~~'x* 0 1i:tRffltml't'l.t1JHiU.t 0
~ 63-
(;:.) H••}k~~.1'f;jt}k :
~~~~~Y~~~~'~$~~~~~Z~~~~:
(a) .fNtnJm~f<ziW~~~~$~*~-&IWj,Jtljffl!*m~$~, nn~~$~ii~j]!tff}~ZfF!illf 0
(b) ~tt*~*!I1f'mj]!~~fflfft ' tt.tt.~M1;!'t~ , .I!tR~ , m~.Mm:tfrJlfflllfM:z'&~rmm~~1~ 0
(c) .fNtltlm~f<rJl~rth~ffiImMjt{ifI'JtIJffl!*mj@f/ij}fflfft~0
- 64-
~mm~~~~fflm~~.M'Mti••~~_•••~~••~~I~.Wp~JIiff~znr~f;t4:J;!ilt!Jlitftt0 f;N~~.)!!~ ~ , ~~lDtm·)(.:tE~ff~N~:ti$t , ffH~
~ff5tt~fIJffl ' ifJ:?H1Utl:tEm~~f4:T ' ~mlitz~!f:* 0
ttfiiJ-ff.~§Ttf:fflZf** ' /F7'j.~mff ' ~$giHr-~$t~* 0 ;1f.~~f~*
, f?SlM!~~i1c~~_MJ.I1:*::t!lltr':JttJIltii 0 m~;f5Tmt7!J2U1CiW1J7!{5ITZ~ft 0
ft~~~*znr~ftt~ffllitftt'mt7!~.o~*'~~~*'~T~~~~~~
~~.~~7'j.'/F~Wmo~$~*'M~ffi&'nr~.~~••~~.~*~~~~o~oom.Iiff~~*znr~ftt.mlitfttomtf:m~$.*•• ,§Tffi~.
~~om~~Iiff~M*zmlit*.-~~'m~T~$~*••7'j.'m••••±lko
11lJjl1!1~~}f**;ZJj7!~ , ImYfl.M~~t* ' If-M:1mf* ' ?tJfl1mf~.~~M±lkm;~.o~.~~M!.fflM!~~~z£~of?Sl~~*~*o)(.:tEm~m*z~.,
~.~~z~~••*zM!~o~~~~'*~~Wmolf-~~.':tEm~/F*zll~.1t ' ~Ji~~ffl 0 {!HYl:tUx*_ ' ~*zM!~ll~~~1:ii'i 0 *~~.~{fu~
m~*~~.moo~-••ti~~o?t~M!~f?Sl~.~.z/F~?t~~M.~~~~o~~~{5ITI~.¥'~~/F?t~•• ,~~*~*z.1t.{5~.ftt~
.o~~M7!M.~~••~.,~{5~I~~~.,~~.~o•••1t,~
~±Ik~~~~*'~X~~~?t~'~~~~M!m'.~L'~~~~~.Z~
ll.JJJJitooB 0
*1!)1f!JHi0.~F~tf~Z~!\l1t ' tl!lnl*Jjj(~.1t ' ±±Ik~irr~?t~.1t~~ ,
~*xliff~~*'~~~T~=.~.:
(1) *1!)~FJJf~?tftP. ' ~:f.1Ml1t~;jtl ' ~~1(:m;~ , #fnlFn:~±lkiJiifl
1\:/J\?t~f'lU[l : 0.2-0.6' 0.6.-0.9 , 0.9.-1.5, 1.5.-10.0 Efl ' ~rd:l~$~~Ij\:"\5':f.10.1(90 (0.2-0.6Ff3) ,~*~)! 0.9800 (l.E.-lO.OEfl) ';f§~1LmZ
~ 0 3fj~ifr:pm~ , *Jl'{~1,~:H:;J\~:f.10.136 (O.2.-0.6Efl) ,~*.~1.220,;ff:j
It*910ftf 0 ;t'f~f.llF51J$(;m*B ' 2. OEfl0"fJ!2.OFflQJ.L ' ~~.~~~rd:l~~?J~jEt!\: ' ~~Ur.i 2 Ffl£J.r:"\5·:f.10.4607 ,2.0Ej3~J::.:"15":f.1 0.9785 , ffi~*9mftr 0 ifii~
m~2.0Ffl~T:"\5·:f.1 0.4012' 2 !fI£J.L~:f.11.2460, lt~:tE 8. fff~L 0~l]I1~1t
.Mz~#,~m~.p~M!~~~~.~~~*m~' ••_ ••~.$~Z
( 2) 1E?r-~¥tJ:S-fllt7hJRjj7!r:p, £J.~{!?ti1R:f.1i!:ff5tt 0 ~~1t~~¥1j , ~nlFt?:_~.lli*~'{.?t}t<:[J!j *R ' sltJ1.(i!:{!?ti1f(7! ' f:3~?ti1f(~J!~H.~ {5m-{@~£E?tiJff:.tt ' #1-*~~$.*51i1f(~[J!j*[IZr:p , ~1IIIt*~~1l&MJ¥::f.10.0oo746 ,0. 000124,
0.00(8920 ;:l"'f?tJ.&:m*tl' ;jt1Hf?tiIRjjt.tz~~MJ¥:~ 0.0000268' 0000806'0.0005060 Jltiif1f!l!/F/TIjtr':J51*Bjn.t ' :l{:j£J.l'tZ{!?tiJR~~Jlj(~i!:/J\ 0i*m~£E?t~
-65-
rt ,672 pf**fiPii]1~~5Hffz7,123p~:fIf~*Imf*~rrf/l(gt!£ 0 W~f**pt{
1.060% ' 1iJJ!*~~rr,ftp~tf , f~*Z5t~ 'Qt~tE1iffi~:ft1f~ 0
( 3) :ft.!l!*,j\ , j~L'it1~* 0 Jl.t'~Ht ' ffi~jiIij!frm ~ , !¥-IB ~*w,;. ,m;f;j Ifl.
pl'o:l380~618p~~ , jt~lH*t< Vs "';49%!¥-lBfp~w,;. , EI3 73~58Bp~~ ,
~ftf*t<Vs==44%' 7.l<.ltJ~, ±fI!l.~k&-EI30.31-1.19Ffl' V~==26%, ±~%';
1@k=E13 0.09-1.45 Efl' V~=32 %' ±:l'II!~1@k-=.EI30.41-1.62 If! 'V~=22%, :f§ftW~;ff:~.f'~£U:". 0
*~.~B~p~~~Z~~~tf'm~~®~.'~~f**;ff:~~~~~
:j~u[jr,jJZ?t~&:ft.~*/H~J~ZtzgI1ilJ ' m~53Iji±~ , ~JtIJ ' ~£~3&*~lHlf*~~~oM~1f~tzg~~~~~t<'~~~~'~~T~1iA.~:
( 1) ~;f;j.Il!f.t( l1UU'¥'FE1iA 5tw,;. 0
(2) ~ml!U~lf[~Z:tt.!l!~~-zJlJ:7};:ft.f[f;,j\~ , m=' -=.;f;j.!I!.g.1Jt
15-J\Hft ' ;f;j-!l!,x*~' , JlJ5t~*/j\:f§j[[Zt<OOJ¥!.D'I: ' {t~;f;j.f[*d\ , r'.itfljl[fl;:{
'M~~pz~~~:ftm5t~'~~Z'~:ttmp~:f§j[[~.g.~~-~o
(3) t*ffll:tf7tJ ,~:fjJE*'J\ztI~:f1IJ~ffi (pPS) :fill~f~*;f;jHl.o~:ft
m~*~'jt~lHl~~*~.N*,~z':fI.~~o~~~;f;jm*~jt~;f;jm
ffiffi':i!X;ffiffi'BJ: 0 Jlt1!!Uf~rj:1 , ~:fj.f[*/pP.r~1t 0
(4)f**:fjm~~~p'~~'FEm~5t~'~~~*rr:fttE:7}~o
(5).*.p~ftMm•• '~l:t.~~$'B~§~.1Hl.~~t<o
- 66-
.. -
- , 1-lii+-*K#4!1.m-1;~'-*-* ,J
~~*~~~~~~ft'~~~~~~~~~'~~~*£~~*:~-M
~.*~~~e.~~.~.. ,m0~
Si = (1-f)~ (1) Sf, = (1-f) -p~ (2)n n
{El.-~ffl:M1S~~*m 'i'&~~Btt* ';it0~
sa = ~(X t -l-:8:)_a (8)n-
tEl.~1!lUfLf:jJJl;0~(1)~J(2)~~tt*£,~;k , ;it:Jlt&~.~'~/J\~ 10% ' Ys
<0.10§x10%, 1&.kllYs>10% 'J~JJmtlt.iEll{IUtk~ili~r:3.' ~.£iJ1Jt{9fliifizfl1J
t~~& 0 T7JmHilJ1JJ7JIllIJ5Ett*ZVs:£1!f*~10%Z~~ 0
fJHlJJ - ~il::~H'X
1.-ffli!4Jmi:fiRJ:~z?HH~j[[1jU!l , J1JJ50pZ.*JE~~* 0
2. 'M" pffi';klt!i ' 1i~)ty s <lo%~jWjZ.*?J)'~ffir* 0
p== 3 n= 506 125
11 25041 1,000
lUI 2,500
f~ ftll= • tUH1{
1.1&wIP:{E30- 70%FEfl ' p--~-z~.n~'~~~£%*~ 60
2.;fi P IH~30£%M1:lfo!!J70% ' ftlJnpgijnq~,~*~35 0
t'co.o=1.7
t'co.Ol) =3
l:tK == t;',
t'co.6o=2,
.;:. , i:t-;t,**Afi·tt>'Jf1;~*-~*,]-
~~.-5EM.*~~••*;k~'.*B5E.*~.~lt~~••~oBklln>5%N' J1JHl*n~
KaNyan ==-NDa+Kaya'
Bklln<5%NftlJKaya
n=~
- 67-
Va1.$ilJ:fiUI£~f*tz D =t' xVi (;f§tftl'H'~~)
Vi =fJ!iNt2fif;3~Z;f§tf~~~
~MgR~g'M¥~~Mg.m~M.~~8*'~~0~~m~fJ!i~&
ffif~-5tMg fl!jlitt!E@T1ffi8*Z70J, o
5Ef~~JflMflHliJ
_ C L NhShn - L ~v c-
~NhShV-Ch h
;fii'U:f~tmt* ' ftIU:".~0~@T:;f<zt***/J' o 1HJifJIlQJ. 1.5-2.0 Z~iErzg
::Fe
- 68-
• -
-,~m~+li~.~.~~*~~
H ~IT~I~J!iX-.rtr-'Hi'izj{*f
~ +~.lirtrz~,EiJJ{~'Hej{*f
1. 'Ii J!t ,Ei ~jjjllUU~tfl!! iliif!2. 111.{ffi %:t~
3. • ~ft~~J!t
~~j{*f~M~~~~.~~~Z~~.~~ZM~' ••*~fi.~fi*f*~o
='~m~+n~.~~~~~~*
( fi;J :tUft~ i=P )
'=:'iI.&rffJ!t~*1tiIT~*
H .MIl~£*~11i*1t~**
~ .~±~~~~~~**1t~~*
~ iUIJ!t~~W
~ ~.rtr~rff*1t~*l,lj-
~~ft*f~MBJ:e~W:YZ{i5llt ' ~!*m.l:t~]jJG~g,\HtZ.~!'l*f*iJfio
~'.Il~.ft±•••~m••~~zHmft_~.~o~••~••~M.3£~ra-~H.!t!]jJG~~~ftbt~.tLzPSU Z~~ 0
li'fl!!lIIft~i=P~fllil
7 ,000 *.I:t~JR~lil ' ~1f'li_.ZEB!m 0 fl!!~~Zfl!!flHillfl!!%1il ' a~~mlil~o~~~*f~M~.m~.'~EB!m~ftb••tLz~11io
A'_~~~ft~~Z~,Ei~~.~.~*fm1fHm~.~'~?~'~jjj~~
~fl!!jjjf! '·~M.7IJ.{jizftb~0
-G';)tfll!a~~fl~*!t~tf-fflt' ~MN~YZ{i5M ' ?J)~~{i5iITf{*fZ*ifjj{ 0
- 69-
• ---
~*&1: _
2: _
8: _
b. ~.pif(: _
(l) (2)
tf * *1 .!'f!1.l pi 1J&1 *1JJ!tIl~
m~ I £ m [tx §i fI$Phl
1 I2
3
(1) (2)
~ * *1 m I.... pi 1J&
1
1 *1ffi.!Um~~~ i £ m IJR& § ~$Phl
I
5 \
6
7
8
. - 70 ~
~*!k 1: _
~*!k 2 : _
~~3: _
!¥-EB fF~~ : _
b.*1:1 lZ: _
*1Errt~ : _
~!f~: _
1.*J.l JJljl.
2.
3.
4
-----1
2. I*IlJJJjl.
2.
3.
4.
3.~JJIj1.
2.
3.
4·
4. ~1.lljl.
2.
__ I' 3.
4.
-71-
III ? lZ~f{(l) ***(2)MOt m~Jk
.fflJ ljf((lH-(2)
11f ~ Jk
t!<!-J~~ :
(8) (9)
'4
I I MUleM I JkPo-
I~---
I--
I ---II ---
--- -----
~crt&: _
~IJ
3
(7)
..~ <J k. I M 0 k
4!1B*fE*rg: .__. .
3 : _
~lBfI:~~: _
a.f**;ftlEllZ: _(6) (6)
--- ,II
*ll -- I 11.- 2 -- _I1- ----1- 1uf 1>lJ.....I Milk i -P IJ . _
---·_·-1----1=- I
J{JlicNo.
I M{lk
i Po
1
M U k
s:,. k:= ~M { ts:j Po
(2) (3) (4)(l)
2 : _
1 I---------- --- ~- --
2 _._--~-_._- --
3 ---_.__._-"-- -- -- _._-
4 , -- --
5I~--~I ------~
(~~nOO;ft!!)
III ;<$: j<j Hl. Ij<j !l!
~91! l;g _~_._Plj
~Jt;l[ 4JHJj/\~lllpfMU~~
~*&!it!<
7l<mrg:~i\I& 1 : __~__
y' I • l = ~_M {j k Pu -
s", .. =---
t~ :iW 5JIj
ttI
I!1 2
!3 4
,
III
7J<.W300;. : ~£!k 1 -- _I- - -
I2 - -1-- - ,-
II I3 - -- -i-I-
1f!!EfF¥JLWt: - - - - -
!j!:~Hft*W; : - - - - -
-73 -
J{tfcNo.
Mc~~: _
~t~~: _
~.~-~ --T--i---~~·-
1. -- - -I(a)P if = - -
(b)l/filk=_ - -
(C) ~X~ik =: - _.-
(d)X' ilk = (b) X -- -(c) =: X' ~J /P u= (d) x (a) =: -- ~-
2. -- - -(a)Po = - -(b)l/f Ii k =_ - -(c) XX~ik= - -«nx' (i t =(b) X -- -
(0) =X' U kip if=(d) X(a) =:
i-- -~
I (~~niWt.tm) -- ~--
II I
-- --
-74 .....
~~*f.$ 'J&IW. ii~I.i1U~§T1~ZkJt7t!ELlVfJE'hl1l1t~ffjm+=JIU956~
~*f.$ ~ITtjjiMfi~ni
~~~ ~IT~rW(*~m)
~mJm ~ITt~rW
i'i1J::f. ~IT~
_itf1tiit&Jff IIIU!~1i~~&-flf;liJ ElJ ' ril.E.m.Ii+~_ifJ1ti~~ =¥ flit 0
W.E. 7V:-'7·~}!!!f&3E-Jl.P~'t:l*~~LJJ.~
Charles F. Sarle: Sampling Methods, Volume I
Charles F. Sarle: Sampling Methods, Volume II
Charles F. Sarle : Social Economic Survey Research
Charles F. Sarle : Survey Design
Charles F. Sarle : National Taiwan Uni verslty
Hansen Hurwitz Madow : Sample Survey Methods and Theory
Volume I
William Edwards Deming: Some Theory of Sampling
Pan durong V. Sukhatme : Sampling Theory of Surveys wi thApp lic ations
Edward M. Schrock: Quality Control and Statistical Methods
William G. Cochran: Sampling Techni gues
United Nations: World Economic Survey, 1957
D. Caradog Jones: Social Surveys
Paul G. Hoel: Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
Kendall and Buckland : A Dictionary of Statistical Terms
G. W. Snedecor . Statistical Methods, 1956
S. S. wflks r Elementary Statistical Analysis
Paul G. Hoe I : Elementary Statistics
D. D. Paterson: Statistical T'echrrigue in Agricultural Research
B. Ostle : Statistic in Research, 1956
Hrsch wernevz r Introduction to Medern Statistics
Waugh: Elemenls of Statistical Methods
Charle F. Sarle: Sampling Plan for February 1962, Economic
Land use Farm Man agrnent Income Survey
Ch arle F. Sarle t Sampling Plan for Taiwan Vocational Agricul_tur al Graduate Survey
Charle F. Sarle : Sampling Plan for N1U Graduate Survey
Ghar le F. Sarle: Area Prob ability Sampling for Crop Estimating
In Taiwan
- 75-