‐ ‐ ‐

1 Harwood Schaffer and Daryl Ray, “Trade effects of bi-lateral trade agreements on U.S. agriculture,”

Agricultural Policy Analysis Center, December 31, 2015. http://www.agpolicy.org/weekcol/804.html

2 David Rogers, “Bigger subsidies under new Farm Bill,” Politico, March 9, 2015.

http://www.politico.com/story/2015/03/farm-bill-subsidies-115907

3 E.g. “Testimony of Roger Johnson, President, National Farmers Union, submitted to the U.S.

International Trade Commission, Investigation No. TPA-105-011, January 13, 2016. “Testimony of Bill

Bullard, Chief Executive Officer, Ranchers-Cattlemen Legal Action Fund, United Stockgrowers of

America (R-CALF-USA) before the U.S. International Trade Commission, Investigation No. 332-555,

November 17, 2015.

4 E.g. Comments by the National Milk Producers Federation And the U.S. Dairy Export Council Regarding

Investigation No. TPA-105-001 “Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Likely Impact on the U.S.

Economy and on Specific Industry Sectors” December 22, 2015.

http://www.usdec.org/Documents/FINALITCTPPInvestigationCommentsNMPFUSDEC122215.pdf

5 The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) is a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) nongovernmental

organization, headquartered in Minneapolis, Minn., with an office in Washington, D.C. Our mission states,

“The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy works locally and globally at the intersection of policy and

practice to ensure fair and sustainable food, farm and trade systems.”

6 E.g. Peter Walkenhorst, “Domestic and International Environmental Impacts of Trade

Liberalization,”Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2000.

http://www.iatp.org/files/Domestic_and_International_Environmental_Impac.htm and Jeronim Capaldo

and Alex Izurieta with Jomo K. Sundaram, “Trading Down: Inequality, Unemployment and Other Risks of

the Transpacific Partnership Agreement,” Global Environment and Development Institute, January 2016.

http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/policy_research/TPP_simulations.html

7 “US Quarterly Milk Production and Related Data,” USDA Economic Research Service, November 25,

2015 and “Trading Events Historical Data,” Global Dairy Trade, 2016,

https://www.globaldairytrade.info/en/product-results

8 The budgets and mandates of U.S. agencies with statutory SPS obligations are under sustained attack,

often by TPP proponents, such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. E.g. Ronald White, “Congress’ Latest

Assault on the EPA,” Center for Effective Government, July 14, 2014.

http://www.foreffectivegov.org/blog/congresss-latest-assault-epa Lydia Zuraw, “Congress Wants FDA to

Drop Agency’s Push for FSMA User Fees,” Food Safety News, August 29, 2014. Lydia Wheeler, “House

Dems ask agencies to request full funding for FDA,” The Hill, September 2, 2015.

http://thehill.com/regulation/252542-house-dems-ask-agencies-to-request-full-funding-for-fda

9 “Food Safety: Additional Actions Needed to Help FDA Ensure the Safety of Imported Food,” Highlights,

General Accountability Office, February 27, 2015. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-183

10

http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/UC

M448558.pdf at 3.

11 Joan Murphy, “Food industry urges OMB, HHS not to revert to FSMA user fees in FY 2017 FDA budget

plan,” Food Chemical News, August 28, 2015.

12 Tom Karst, “White House Budget Asks for New Fees for Food Safety,” The Packer, February 9, 2016.

http://www.thepacker.com/news/white-house-budget-asks-new-user-fees-food-safety

13 Agriculture in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, 2014. http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1692509/err176.pdf

14 “FDA Science and Mission at Risk,” Report of the Subcommittee on Science and Technology to the

FDA Science Board, November 2007 at 21. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/07/briefing/2007-

4329b_02_01_FDA%20Report%20on%20Science%20and%20Technology.pdf

15 “Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Fast Track to a Rising Tide of Imported Fish,” Food and Water

Watch, April 2014. http://www.citizen.org/documents/fww-tpp-fish-imports-april-2014.pdf

16 Ibid.

17 “Seafood Safety and the Trans-Pacific Partnership”, Center for Food Safety, December 2014.

http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/tpp-and-seafood-fact-sheet_00590.pdf

18 Maggie Fox, “Chipotle Right to Close Restaurants After Food Outbreak, CDC Says, November 3, 2015.

http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/chipotle-right-close-restaurants-after-food-outbreak-cdc-says-

n456661

19 “High Cost of Food-Borne Illness: New Study Provides State-by-State Breakdown.” Ohio State

University press release, June 3, 2015. http://cfaes.osu.edu/news/articles/high-cost-foodborne-illness-new-

study-provides-state-by-state-breakdown This study, by former Food and Drug Administration economist

Robert Scharff, employs FDA’s methodology, which includes Quality of Adjusted Life Years (QALYs).

The U.S. Department of Agriculture methodology for estimating the cost of foodborne illness does not

include QALYs, and so estimated medical costs of non-fatal food-borne illness at $14.1 billion in 2012. See

Sandra Hoffman and Tobenna D. Anekwe, “Making Sense of Recent Cost of Food-Borne Illness

Estimates,” Economic Research Service, September 2013.

20 “Traceability in the Food Supply Chain,” Office of the Inspector General, Department of Health and

Human Services, March 2009. http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-02-06-00210.pdf

21 Tanya Roberts, “Lack of Information Is the Root of U.S. Foodborne Illness, Risk,” Choices, Vol. 28:2

(2013). http://www.foodborneillness.org/cfi-library/Roberts_Lack.of.Info_Choices_2013.pdf

22 “Ways & Means and Ag members press Froman for Enforceable SPS Measures,” Inside U.S. Trade,

August 27, 2013.

23 “SPS Mechanisms in TPP a Win for U.S. Agriculture,” U.S. Grains Council, October 29, 2015.

http://www.grains.org/news/20151029/sps-mechanisms-tpp-agreement-win-us-agriculture

24 “Initial Analysis of Key TPP Provisions,” Public Citizen, November 2015, 20-21.

https://www.citizen.org/documents/analysis-tpp-text-november-2015.pdf

25 Cited in Kimberly Kindy, “Food additives on the rise as FDA scrutiny wanes,” The Washington Post,

August 17, 2014. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/food-additives-on-the-rise-as-fda-scrutiny-

wanes/2014/08/17/828e9bf8-1cb2-11e4-ab7b-696c295ddfd1_story.html

26 The first four paragraphs of this section are taken from the TransAtlantic Consumers Dialogue resolution

on the TTIP SPS chapter, for which I was a co-author. http://tacd.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/TACD-

Resolution-TTIP-SPS_-GREEN_rev0216.pdf

27 Kaare M Nielsen, “Biosafety Data as Confidential Business Information,” PLOS Biology 11(3) (March

2013), 1. http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001499

28 “Glyphosate and Cancer Risk: Frequently Asked Questions,” Center for Food Safety, May 2015.

http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/glyphosate-faq_64013.pdf

29 http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/endocrine-system-disorders

30 http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Endocrine/Endocrinetumours.aspx

31 Sharon Lerner, “EPA Uses Monsanto’s Research to Give RoundUp a Pass,” The Intercept, November 3,

2015. https://theintercept.com/2015/11/03/epa-used-monsanto-funded-research/

32 http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/glyphosate-417300_2015-06-

29_txr0057175.pdf, at 62.

33 http://www.globalresearch.ca/international-agency-for-research-on-cancers-full-report-on-glyphosate-

monsantos-roundup/5465798

34 Clare Robinson, “Monsanto’s RoundUp (glyphosate) Narrowly Missed Being Classified as Known

Human Carcinogen," GM Watch, August 13, 2015. http://www.globalresearch.ca/monsantos-roundup-

glyphosate-narrowly-missed-being-classed-as-known-human-carcinogen/5469093

35 “Glyphosate and Cancer Risk: Frequently Asked Questions,” op cit.

36 Zen L. Honeycutt, “EPA Stalling on Glyphosate Decision Is Harmful to America,” Huffington Post,

December 11, 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/zen-l-honeycutt/epa-stalling-of-

glyphosat_b_8744692.html

37 Doug Gurian Sherman, “The Next Phase of Genetic Engineering: A Flood of New Crops Evading

Environmental Regulation,” Civil Eats, January 27, 2015. http://civileats.com/2015/01/27/the-next-phase-

of-genetic-engineering-a-flood-of-new-crops-evading-environmental-regulation/

38 http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_o_048.pdf at 6.

39 Genna Reed, "Rubber-Stamped Regulation: The Inadequate Oversight of Genetically Engineered Plants

and Animals in the United States.' Sustainable Development Law & Policy 14, no. 3 (2014): 14-20, 46-49.

http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/sdlp/vol14/iss3/4/

40 Cited in William Freese and David Schubert, “Safety Testing and Regulation of Genetically Engineered

Foods,” Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews – Vol. 21, November 2004, at 6.

http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/freese_safetytestingandregulationofgeneticallyebgineeredfoods_n

ov212004_62269.pdf

41 E.g. David Schultz’s interview with Phil Miller, Monsanto’s vice president for global and regulatory

affairs, Chemical Regulation Reporter, Bloomberg BNA, November 9, 2015.

42 “Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants: Scope and Adequacy of Regulation, National Research

Council , 2002, cited in EC Biotech Products, “Amicus Curiae Brief,” Center for International

Environmental Law et al., (June 1, 2003), paragraph 10.