itp

“Everybody bleeds sometimes, I just bleed more..........”

Idiopathic (Immune)

Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Prepared by:Group 4

MLS IV- C

Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

ITP was used previously to describe cases of thrombocytopenia arising without apparent cause or

underlying disease state.

Later, the word idiopathic has been replaced by immune because of the realization that acute and

chronic ITP are immunologically mediated.

Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Two Types of ITP

Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Acute Idiopathic/ Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Etiology

Occurs after viral illness and may follow live viral vaccination

Produces antibody and immune complexes against viral antigens and that platelet destruction may result from binding of these antibodies or immune complexes to the platelet surface

Chronic Idiopathic/ Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Etiology

Occurs after viral infection, use of certain drugs or as part of an immune disorder

Offending antibodies attach to platelets, and as a result, the antibody- labelled platelets are removed from the circulation by RE cells, primarily in the spleen.

Plasma transfusion

Acute Idiopathic/ Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Signs and Symptoms

Mucosal bleedingGI bleedingHematuriaIntracranial

hemorrhage Retinal hemorrhage

Children ages 2-5 years oldScattered petechiae

Bleeding signs and symptoms

ThrombocytopeniaPurpura

Mucosal bleedingGI BleedingIntracranial hemorrhagehematuria

Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura



Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Signs and Symptoms



Females outnumbers malesAge target: 20- 50 years old

Bleeding signs and symptoms

PurpuraThrombocytopenia

Mucocutaneous bleeding Recurrent epistaxis hematuria

Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura



Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Signs and Symptoms



Excessive bleeding with minor injuries Spontaneous bleeding from the

mouth and nose Unexplainable or spontaneous

bruising Excessive internal bleeding Disturbed sleep cycle/ Insomnia Irregular appetite Depression

Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Diagnostic Tests

Coagulation testBleeding time: prolongedRetraction time

CBC: low number of plateletsPlatelet associated Antibody may be detectedBone Marrow Examination: shows

megakaryocytic hyperplasia NO SPECIFIC TEST THAT IS DIAGNOSTIC

OF ACUTE OR CHRONIC ITP

Characteristic Acute ITP Chronic ITP

Age at onset 2- 6 yr 20- 50 yr

Sex predilection None Female over male, 3: 1

Platelet count < 20,000/mcL 30,000- 80,000/mcL

Duration 2-6 weeks Months to years

Spontaneous remission 90% of patients Uncommon

Seasonal pattern Higher incidence in winter and spring

None



•In most cases ITP is not fatal and can be treated. •There is a wide variety of treatment options, but with only partial success due to the unknown nature of the disease. •The most commonly excepted, and most successful treatments for ITP involve the removal of the spleen because it is a site for autoantibody production.

Treatment


•People are also very commonly given Prednisone which is an artificial steroid which can enhance platelet production•For emergency case treatment (normally when platelets get below 20,000) They will administer IV G or intravenous gammaglobulin for several days, and they wait for counts to rebound

Treatment

THE END

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