its a party !! political parties chapter 5. political party = a group of persons, usually joined by...
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Its a party !!Political Parties
Chapter 5
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• Political Party = a group of persons, usually joined by common principles who attempt to control or influence public policy by winning elections and holding public office
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What do political parties do?What is their function?
• Informing and Activating Voters– giving voters a coherent public expression on public
policy issues.– generating a community of like-minded people from a
diverse community.– defining the public issues, creating a “public agenda”
• Providing candidates– recruiting people to run for office– formally nominating them to the ballot– conducting election campaigns– providing info to voters about candidates and policy
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What do political parties do?What is their function?
• Acting as a link between government and public.• Governing
– provide a means of organizing government– formulate legislative programs– provide a system for legislators to advance their goals– provide members with “belonging & solidarity”– provide practical assistance to legislators– control the executive branch through the election of
president and his appointment of staff
partisanshippartisanship: strong support of party and its “platform” (stand on issues)
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Types of Political Parties
• “membership” parties– tightly organized– members may carry membership cards– ideological– possibly single-issue– may provide other social benefits
• broad-based parties– loosely organized– representing basic political ideas to which highly diverse
elements of society may be attracted
Communist Party
Democratic and Republican Parties
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Party Systems
• 1-Party– Communist Party– not a democratic system
• Multi-party or Parliamentary – strongly ideological– party “discipline” necessary for governance
• 2 –Party or “Shared Powers”– strong, broad-based but loosely organized– party “discipline” not needed for governance
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Why do we have a 2 party system?
• tradition Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
• electoral system
• ideological consensus surrounding basic ideals of government
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History of 2 Party SystemHistory of 2 Party System4 major eras4 major eras
• 1800-1860 Era of “Democrats”1800-1860 Era of “Democrats”• ends with Civil Warends with Civil War
• 1860-1932 Era of Republicans1860-1932 Era of Republicans• ends with Great Depressionends with Great Depression
• 1932-1968 Era of Democrats1932-1968 Era of Democrats• ends with Vietnam, social upheaval/”Big Governmentends with Vietnam, social upheaval/”Big Government
• 1968-Present Era of Divided Government1968-Present Era of Divided Government
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1800-1860 Era of “Democrats”
• 1800-1825 “Era of Good Feelings” » no organized opposition
• 1829-1837 Jacksonian Democrats • small farmers, debtors, frontiersmen, slaveholders• universal, white, male suffrage• “spoils system”
• Opposition: “Whigs” (National Republican Party)
– bankers, merchants, industrialists, plantation owners
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1860-1932 Era of Republicans
• Abraham Lincoln – 1st Republican President
• Generally support the issues of the North– laissez-faire– limited government (rise of Big Business)– gold standard– anti-slavery but not pro-civil rights– unresponsive to labor issues, small farmers
• Democratic Party fractured by the Civil War• Populist Party, Socialists
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Thomas Nast
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1932-1968 Era of Democrats
• FDR and the New Deal– government can solve problems
• incorporates Progressivism
– “social safety net”– coalition of minorities, the poor, labor, farmers
• African-Americans switched parties
– culminates with LBJ’s “Great Society”
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1968-Present: Era of Divided Government
executive branch/legislative branch• Republicans
dominate the executive– Nixon– Ford– Reagan– Bush I– Bush II– Carter– Clinton– Obama
• Democrats have usually controlled Congress– exception: 1996 - 2007
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Minor Parties
• A variety through history– ideological parties
– Libertarian– Socialist/Communist
– single-issue parties– Free Soil Party (anti-slavery) 1840s-1850s– “Know-Nothings” nativists 1840s-1850s– Prohibition Party– Right to Life Party
– economic protest parties• Greenback Party• Populists
– splinter Parties• “Bull Moose” Progressives• States’ Rights (Dixiecrats)• American Independent Party (Wallace 1968)
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Today
• The Green Party
• Libertarians
• Reform Party (Ross Perot)– America First
• 2 Socialist Parties
• in California– Natural Law Party– Peace and Freedom
2004
3rd parties vied in 765 of the 5,795 state legislative elections.
8 won.
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extra credit* opportunity
• Research one of the current 3rd parties– What is their platform?– Who are their major candidates?– What successes have they enjoyed?
• Where are they most successful?
– Who is their targeted constituency? • What type of people might vote for them?
• 8x11 mini-poster– informative– visually appealing– carefully constructed/detailed