Talking Transit: Use of Information Technology (IT) in Modernizing City Bus Services

Presentation on

ITS Implementation in Public Transport Companies-Delhi Cluster Bus Experience

C K Goyal, Associate Vice President

Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit

System Limited (DIMTS)

What is Cluster Scheme-Formation of Route Clusters

• With the objective of citywide operationalization, 657 scheduled

routes were grouped under 17 distinct clusters based on following

criteria:-

o Routes with 10 km or more of common path put in one cluster

o Routes on contiguous alignment to provide network benefits.

• Each cluster has a combination of high, medium and low demand

routes (the idea being that the high demand route can generate

enough revenue to compensate for the medium and low demand

routes)

• Identified clusters published on DoT website for suggestions/objections

• Based on responses, proposed clusters revised and notified

Characteristics of the Corporatization of Private Stage

Carriage Scheme

Public Operator (DTC) and Private Operator (Concessionaire) will run the operation in the ratio of 50:50.

Resource contract with Ops risk

No transfer of revenue risk

Fare Box Collection to Govt.

Paym

en

ts

to

Co

ncessio

nair

e

Fa

re B

ox

Co

lle

cti

on

Funding

Key Facts

Contract Type – Gross

Cost

Unified Time Table

(UTT)Public and Private operators will follow Unified Time Table to ensure timely and reliable bus service to public on common network and notified fare.

3

Conforms to

Bus Code,

Rolling stock is

investment

intensive.

Doesn’t

Conform to Bus

Code,

Compromised

Safety, less

expensive

Responsibility of State Govt. towards management of stage

carriage operation during contract period

4

Monitoring of trip-wise service kms, service hours and other service

level parameters with a lot of PRECISION and authentication of service kms. and service hours of

operation of each trip

Monitoring departure of buses from the depot/terminal as per Service

Plan .Incident/Accident Management.

Realtime passenger Information

System about route and time

table, ETA, seat availability etc.

Inspection of buses for COMPLIANCE of standards &

technical specifications

Ensure compliance of the performance standards, apply

performance adjustments on the Concessionaire

REAL-TIME monitoring of operation of buses on each route for various

operational parameters:

→ Bunching of buses of the same route plying in the same direction.

→ Route deviation

Driver empanelment & quality/performance Monitoring.

PLANNING AND SCHEDULING of Service Plan including timetable, its

periodic review based on travel-time analysis & traffic conditions in

order to make route-timings RESPONSIVE to passenger

demand.

To manage Govt. receipts/ expenditure through designated account including payment to the

concessionaire(s) in terms of concession agreement.

The need is now being felt – more than ever!

When will the

bus arrive?

Which bus

should I take

to reach my

destination?

When should

I reach the

bus stop?

Is the next

stop my

destination?Maybe I

should try a

different mode

next time!

To effectively monitor the operations

- Over-speeding, route deviations, missed bus stops?

Validation of service trips with

audit trail

How do we improve ridership?

Implementing ITS in Bus Operations

– From Theory to Practice

DIMTS Experience…

Real-time Vehicle Tracking Real-time Electronic Ticketing Operations Control Center

Fleet Operations Management-

Essential Components

• Operations Control Centre (OCC) with ITS capability.

• GPS-based REALTIME Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVLS)

with Passenger Information System enabling performance monitoring

including speed limits, dwell-time at stops, route deviation and

management of bunching of buses of the same routes.

• Online Electronic Ticketing Machines have replaced pre-printed

tickets. Ticketing data transmitted to back-end in real-time enabling

efficient consolidation, monitoring, and data-bank for improved and

appropriate provisioning to meet travel demands.

• Bus Management System (BMS) is a collective term which will include

a web based enterprise level solution and MIS application linked with

reconciliation of daily receipts and validation of legitimate payments to

service provider.

DIMTS has a state-of-the-art Operations Control

Centre & Data Center at ISBT, Delhi for efficient management of Public

Service Vehicles.

Real time monitoring of the Cluster Bus VTS and AFCS

Operations Control Centre (OCC) of DIMTS at ISBT

Universal Backbone

InteroperableVendor

Neutral

Device

AgnosticScalable

Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System

GPS based Realtime Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System has been deployed on all the

buses. System is being used to monitor operations of the fleet with high precision to optimize

fleet efficiency.

Alerts: Dashboard manages alerts and responds to deviation/violations

• Over-speeding reports

• Bunching of buses on same route

• Missed stops reports

• Route deviation reports

• Trip status reports (Cut/Short/Missed)

• Trip-wise Distance travelled by each bus

• Depot, vehicle and route wise reports

Solution in action- At a Glance

• AVL Application

− Tracking on GIS maps @ 1:2000 scale

− Route wise tracking and vehicle running

information

− Monitor out shedding and route deviation of the

fleet.

− Assign vehicles to groups for easy monitoring

• Senior management Dashboard:

− Complete fleet management and current status

dashboard for the senior management and

department .

• MIS reports :

− Various graphical reports on vehicle utilization,

schedule adherence etc.

− Alerts dashboard to manage alerts, and respond to

deviation violations)

− Vehicle operation statistics and key performance

parameters like utilization, on time performance

reports.

− Exceptional Reporting

Solution Detailed Features: Reports

• Alerts/notification reports: Alerts dashboard to manage alerts, and

respond to deviation violations)

− Over Speeds reports

− Route Deviation

− Trip Status( Cut/Short/Missed)

• Performance Reports: Vehicle operation statistics and key

performance parameters like utilization, on

time performance reports.

− Fleet Utilization report

− Distance Travelled report.

− Duty performance report

− Travel time analysis

− Delayed departures

− Early departures

Vehicle Speed Graph

Missed Stops

AVLS Application- Challenges and Solutions

• Bus stop detection…..

Push the bus stop lat, long in device over the air and device send an additional LU to

backend when vehicle pierce the bus stop lat long.

• In shed and Out shed detection…

Push the geo-fence of depot gate in device: device send the alert LU packet to backend

when vehicles pierce the gate.

• Distance calculation(initially it was computed scalar distance between to LU and sum up

them)

Now, Configured device to send cumulative ODO distance to back end with each LU

packet, Now, this distance is being used for computing the distance in AVL for example trip

distance.

• Device health/tempering monitoring

Power disconnect and GPS outage live alerts are being displayed on home page.

• Route deviation Authorization:

User could authorize a route deviation with location, date and time

12

DIMTS has deployed New Generation

Electronic Ticketing Machines (ETMs)

• Real Time data transfer through GPRS

− Real time monitoring of ETM Health

− Real time fraud detection

− Theft of ETM – No loss of transaction

− Remote ETM Blocking

• Over the air configuration of new routes,

changes to routes, software updates

• Any ETM can be deployed on any route, can

be issued to any conductor

• Contactless Smart Card Enabled

• EMV Level 1 & 2 PCI certified. With 3 SAM

slots

• Security Feature-3DES and AES for smart

card

• 1800 mAH, Li-ion Battery

Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS)

Innovative Features of DIMTS ETM Solution

• Completely online, real-time solution

• ETMs have data of all routes, fare-stages, conductors and all business

rules - ANY ETM CAN BE DEPLOYED ON ANY ROUTE, CAN BE

ISSUED TO ANY CONDUCTOR

• No need for configuration of ETMs before issue - NO DEPENDENCY

ON COMPUTER AND OPERATOR IN DEPOT IN 3 SHIFTS

• The transaction data is downloaded through GPRS in real-time mode –

REAL TIME REVENUE REPORTS

ETM based AFCS Application- Challenges and Solutions

• Errant conductors removing the battery while the ticket is being dispensed and

pocket the ticket money.

Solution: The ETM started to dispense the ticket in one command and register the ticket

only after the ticket is completely dispensed.

• Errant conductors fraudulently giving tickets of lower denomination by selecting

“Child” as user type (Child commuters are given discounted tickets).

Solution: The ETM portal checks if the ticketing pattern on a trip deviates from a pre –

defined pattern then it raises alarm.

• ENTER key remaining pressed in by the ETM case (when conductor leave the ETM

at the ticket dispensing screen) and tickets being dispensed. This was possible

because ticket can be dispensed with a minimum keystrokes (1) and result in multiple

tickets dispensed though printout does not happen as the tickets does not move out.

Solution: Monitor the speed of dispensing tickets and preventing it if exceeds the human

speed of dispensing tickets.

• ETMs being stolen from the field and then errant conductors do shifts on the stolen

ETMs and pocket the revenue.

• Solution: ETM can be blocked over –the – air. If the ETM is out of network then only a

limited number of tickets can only be dispensed from such ETMs. If there are 1000 un-

send frames (including ticket, shift, trip, battery status, etc), then ETM would not allow any

more transaction. Thus actual exposure would be much less than 1000 tickets.

15

Bus Management System (BMS) has been developed inhouse – creating

a backend in a single application for integration of all the sub-systems of

cluster operation, such as AVLS, AFCS, Waybill Submission, Biometric

verification, infraction monitoring, DQM(Driver Quality Monitoring) etc.

Billing Process is done based on these inputs.

Bus Management System– Comprehensive IT Backbone

Bus Management System – Comprehensive IT Backbone

In-house Developed Modules:

• Biometric verification of staff & Web Based Duty Allocation

• Waybill Submission Module (WBS)-Revenue Recording system maintains-

− Web Based Online System

− Records Complete Revenue Collection data

− ETM Revenue details pinging Backend, No need to Download

− Pre-printed tickets (fall back arrangement) records in electronic form.

− Fine Recoveries recording system.

− Revenue Reconciliation

− Reduces manpower size in depots - enables cutting costs & fast processing.

• Infraction Monitoring-Records Deviations from Benchmark Standards.

• DQM(Driver Quality Monitoring)-Records Complete Details & Performance

of Drivers.

• Billing process module

• On Time Performance Reporting

Bus Management System – Trip Processing

Information from AVL and ETM is available on single screen for Trip Processing

• Cluster Bus Analytics

• Bus Behavioural Analysis

• Space Time Graph

• Trip Analysis - Real-time analysis of trips of various routes

• Differential Scheduling

Analysis Tools

Detailed Analysis of Low

Ridership Sectors

Cluster Bus System – Business Analytics

Detailed Analysis of Low

Ridership Sectors

Cluster Bus System – Business Analytics-Contd

Bus Behavioural Analysis623UP01-04-201623/10View

Graphical Representation of Data for Route Analysis

Mobile Apps for

commuters

Web-based Journey Planner

Benefits – Information in the hands of the commuter…

BQBS-Mounted-PIS-boardsBus-Mounted-PIS-Boards