İ.Ü. cerrahpaşa tıp fakültesi mikrobiyoloji ve klinik mikrobiyoloji anabilim dalı prof dr...
TRANSCRIPT
İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji
Anabilim Dalı
Prof Dr Ömer Küçükbasmacı
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
• H5N1 avian influenza A virus
• Microbial classification sophisticated
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674
• a world of millions of tiny "animalcules
• Danish biologist Otto Müller
• genera and species according to the classification methods of Carolus Linnaeus
• 1840 the German pathologist Friedrich Henle
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur
• Anthrax, rabies, plague, cholera, and tuberculosis
• Paul Ehrlich 1910 “salvarsan”
• Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Gerhard Domagk's discovery of sulfanilamide in 1935
• Selman Waksman's discovery of streptomycin in 1943
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Viruses
• The smallest infectious particles
• Diameter from 18 to nearly 300 nanometers
• Twenty-five families with more than 1550 species of viruses
• More than 40 genera implicated in human disease
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• either DNA or RNA
• true parasites
• rapid replication and destruction of the cell
• a long-term chronic relationship
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Relatively simple
• Prokaryotic
• Cell wall: gram-negative or positive
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Fungi
• eukaryotic organisms
• a well-defined nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and endoplasmic reticulum
• either in a unicellular form (yeast) that can replicate asexually
• a filamentous form (mold) that can replicate asexually and sexually
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Parasites are the most complex microbes • eukaryotic • unicellular and others are multicellular • range in size from tiny protozoa as small
as 1 to 2 μm in diameter (the size of many bacteria) to arthropods and tapeworms that can measure up to 10 meters in length
• Their life cycles are equally complex
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Relationship between many organisms and their diseases is not simple
• Treponema pallidum, syphilis; poliovirus, polio; Plasmodium species, malaria
• Staphylococcus aureus-endocarditis, pneumonia, wound infections, food poisoning
• Meningitis caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Strict pathogens, rabies virus, Bacillus anthracis, Sporothrix schenckii, Plasmodium species
• exogenous infections and examples include diseases caused by influenza virus, Clostridium tetani, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Coccidioides immitis, and Entamoeba histolytica
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• person's own microbial flora that spread to inappropriate body sites where disease can ensue (endogenous infections).
• The interaction between an organism and the human host is complex
• The virulence of the organism• The site of exposure• The host's ability to respond to the organism
determine the outcome of this interaction
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Quality of the specimen
• The way its sent
• The method used
• The interpretation
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Koch's postulates are:• The microorganism must be found in abundance in all
organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy animals.
• The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture
• The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
• The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.