iv regulation and controlling devices.pptx

8/13/2019 IV REGULATION AND CONTROLLING DEVICES.pptx

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IV REGULATION AND

CONTROLLING DEVICES

By:

LOSABIO, CHARISSA L.

MAYUGA ,ADAM DEXTER


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DEFINITION:

It is refers to the manual or

automatic pump control of the

rate of flow of IV fluids as theyare delivered to a patient

through a vein.


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PURPOSE:

To control the amount of fluid that a patient is

receiving, usually within a given hour of IV

therapy.

Without fluid regulation, the IV would run in bygravity at a rapid rate and could cause fluid or

drug overload.

Medications for the treatment of pain.Rate andquantity of intravenous fluid depend on

medical condition, body size, and age.

Regulation ensures the correct amount of fluid

drips from the bag down the tube into the vein


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TYPES OF IV REGULATION:

1. Manual Regulation

The rate of fluid dripping from a bag into an IV

can be regulated through a manual technique.A nurse increases or decreases the pressure

that a clamp puts on the IV tube to either slow

or speed the rate of flow. Nurse can count the

number of drops per minute to make sure therate of flow is correct, and adjust as needed.


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..

2. Pump

The rate can also be modulated with an

electric pump. The nurse programs the pump

to deliver the desired amount of fluid into theIV at the correct rate. Whether done manually

or with a pump, IVs must be checked regularly

to be sure the patient is getting the correct

amount of fluid.


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PRECAUTIONS:

There are varied types of IV administration sets,

and they deliver fluid at different amounts per drop.

. Nurses should always determine the type of drip

chamber that they are using and calculate the IV

flow per minute based upon the amount of fluid that

the administration set delivers per drop.

There are varied types of IV pumps and IV tubingused to deliver IV fluids. Nurses should be sure to

use the correct tubing for the pump selected.


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DESCRIPTION:

Manual regulation of IV fluids is performed by

adjusting the roller adaptor on the IV tubing

until it reaches the appropriate drip rate per

minute. To manually regulate the IV rate, the nurse

looks at her watch and times the number of

drops that fall into the drip chamber over one

full minute.

If the rate is too slow, the adapter should be

rolled to a looser position to speed the dripping

of the IV.


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If the rate is too fast, the roller adapter should betightened to decrease the dripping of the IV.

Nurses should adjust the roller until the IV rate isset at the correct amount of drops per minute todeliver the IV fluids as ordered.

The IV rate must be checked every hour or moreoften according to the policy of the medical settingto be certain that the rate remains accurate.

To regulate the IV fluid to be delivered by an IVpump, the tubing should be threaded into themachine correctly.


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Nurses should dial in the hourly IV rate (cc to

be delivered over an hour) and start the pump

following the manufacturers guidelines. IVs

must be checked hourly when on a pump to besure that the rate remains accurate and that

the correct amount of fluid is delivered.

Most pumps have a reading that shows how

much fluid has been delivered over the past

hour.


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PREPARATIONS:

The Doctors order for IV therapy should be

reviewed. An IV therapy order will include the

type of IV fluid to be delivered over a specific

amount of time. Some physicians will order IVtherapy in terms of an hourly rate.

Example:

Lactated Ringers IV, run at 125 cc/hour Most commonly the physician will order IV

therapy in terms of eight, 12, or 24 hour time

periods


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Calculation

Example: One liter of D5W IV over the next eight

hours

If the fluid is ordered by the shift (every eight

hours) or for a 24-hour period, the first calculationmust be to determine how much fluid is ordered

per hour.

This can be determined by dividingthe totalamountof fluid by the total timeordered for

delivery. For example, if the doctor ordered 1000

cc to be given over eight hours, divide the 1000 cc

by the time (eight hours) to obtain the rate per


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When using an IV pump, the only calculationneeded is the rate per hour because IV pumps whenset will deliver an hourly rate of IV fluid automatically.

The machine does the calculation and drip control.Nurses should be sure to select the specific tubingthat the manufacturer recommends for use with eachpump.

When not using an automatic IV pump, anadministration set should be selected, and the nurseshould look on the packaging for the calibrationofthe drip rate. Standard IV administration sets have a

drip factor of 10, 15, or 20 drops/cc.


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AMICRODRIPor MINIDRIP administration set hasa drip factor of 60 drops/cc and is used primarilyfor low IV rates,such as those used for pediatricclients. The calibration of the administration set

must be known in order to calculate the flow of theIV fluids correctly.

The next step is to convert the drops per hour intodrops per minute so that the nurse can literally

count the drops delivered each minute to set the IVflow.

The nurse should divide the number of ccs to bedelivered per hourby the number of minutes inan hour (60) andmultiply bythe drip factorof


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For example, if the patient should receive 125 ccper hour using a set that delivers 10 drops/cc, thenurse would multiply the fraction 125/60 times 10to get a drip rate per minute of 20.8

drops/minute.The number should be rounded to21 drops per minute.

Once the drip rate per minute is determined, theflow of the IV is ready to be regulated according to

the doctor's order. Once the drip rate per minute is determined, the

flow of the IV is ready to be regulated according tothe doctor's order.


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NURSING MANAGEMENT:

Regulating IV fluid is an ongoing process from

the time that an IV is started until it is

completed. Hourly checks of an IV should include

assessing the client's response to the IV, the

rate of the IV flow, how much fluid has infused,

how much fluid remains to be infused, and the

condition of the IV insertion site.


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NURSING MANAGEMENT

Adjust the rate if the IV is not flowing at the

rate that was ordered.

If IV fluid is flowing in slowly, the nurse should

check for a kink in the tubing or a positionalproblem. In addition, the IV could be out of the

vein, or a small clot, phlebitis, or infectionat

the site could be slowing the IV down.


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NURSING MANAGEMENT

If an IV is flowing too rapidly, it may be leaking

out around the IV insertion site or may run

faster when the patient extends the extremity.

The whole system, from the insertion site to

the IV bag, should be examined. The physician

will assess IV fluid needs and reorder IV

therapy daily according to client needs.


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COMPLICATIONS:

Circulatory overload

Tachycardia

elevated blood

pressure

headache

anxiety

wheezing

diaphoresis

restlessness

distended neck veins

Chest pain


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COMPLICATIONS:

Sluggish IV flow or mechanical failure can also causeby:

kinked tubing

small clots phlebitis

infection at the site

infiltration of the IV cannula

Problem with the needle leaning against the wall ofthe vessel and cutting off IV flow.

If the problem is not positional or equipmentrelated, the IV will need to be restarted in a new

vein in order to deliver the IV therapy safely and


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RESULT/OUTCOME

IV fluids when regulated to flow according to thephysicians orders have positive therapeutic

effects such as:

Rehydration restoration of electrolyte balance

restoration of acid-base balance

Replacement of vitamins, proteins, andcalories

safe rapid medication administration


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iv regulation and controlling devices.pptx

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