ivan hamráček supervisor: rndr. jaroslav antoš csc

Ivan HamráčekSupervisor: RNDr. Jaroslav Antoš CSc.

Institute of Experimental PhysicsSlovak Academy of Sciences, Košice

Doctoral Seminar IEP, SAS, Košice 2011

June 15. 2011 1/[email protected]

light emitting from the gaseous bubbles in the liquid excited by the acoustic pressure field

temperature in bubble(~ 10.000 K )

light flash duration(~100 ps)

SBSL in water; I. Hamracek; April 2006

MBSL SBSL light production mechanism still unknown

June 15. 2011 2/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011

one gaseous bubble trapped in the centerof the flask exposed to ultrasound

concentration of the energy of acousticvibrations by a factor of 1012

106 photons (2-6eV) per one flash


10

20

30

40

50

radi

us [

μm]

0

acou

stic

ampl

itude

[ATM

]

1

-1

0

time [μs]2010 300

bubble expansion and implosion

RMAX ~ 50 mMie scattering

R0 ~ 5 m

vR ~ 4M

T ~ 104 - 108 K !spectrum

shock wave

flash

t ~ 60 - 250 psTCSPC

R0 ~ 0,5 m

• volume shift by factor 106

• slow isothermal expansion• fast adiabatic colaps

• high pressure and temperature

• periodic intervals• 106 photons


SL laboratory formation experimental apparatus for SBSL creation technology of proper conditions for stable SBSL automation of SBSL creation


continuous in 190nm – 700nm region UV sector absorbed by water light production mechanism still unknown very low intensity

wavelength calibration absolute spectral response calibration calibration verification medium absorbance analysis suitable optical apparatus

OceanOptics USB4000 Spectrometer• detector range 200 – 900 nm• 3648-element Toshiba linear CCD array• integration time 3.8 ms – 10 sUncalibrated deformed SBSL Spectrum 200-900nm, 7s/20average/10box, 2007


QE65000-FLSpectrometerUSB4000 Spectrometer

wavelength drift slightly with time OceanOptics HG-1 Mercury Argon Calibration Source spectrum calibration included with every measurement automatization needed study of external effects on w.c. (spec. board temperature, integration time,

averaging, source runtime)

automatized calibration in LabView (HG-1 spectrum and spectrum parameters loaded, line identification, calibration recommendation, archiving data)


HG-1 Mercury Argon Calibration Source


LS-1-CAL Radiometric Calibration Standard

USB4000 Spectrometer

corrections:

size of light emitting surface time integration (pulses) emissivity (temperature and wavelength

dependent) transmittance (water, flask glass, lens) geometric (water, flask, lens, light source

distance)

keep a check on:

conditions (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure)

light distortions (light dispersion, reflection, refraction)

mechanical distortions (fiber) aberrations (chromatic, defocus, spherical,

astigmatism, coma, Petzval field curvature)

other corrections

thermal sources (Tungsten & Nichrome filament, Sun, stars, hotplate)Planck’s & Stefan-Boltzmann & Wien’s law

other (LED)

automated Tungsten & Nichrome filament temperature estimator (LabView)

(I,U,P,T controlling and recording)systematically undervalued temperatures

automated software for Planck fit(raw spectra, calibration, spectral power, spectral radiance, number of photons, corrections (transmittances, emissivity))


Sun spectra measurementsair mass (coordinate, time, zenith angle)wavelength dependent correction (atmosphere purity (clouds, dust, smog...), spectra measurements procedure (acceptance angle, spectrometer overheat)…)

LEDsreproducibility, corrections, distortions,spectra, radial distributions, dissipatedpower,


Neckel H. a Labs D. The Solar Radiation Between 3300 and 12500 A; Solar Physics, 1984, 90, 205-258

included: calibration function, integration time,light collection solid angle

not included:water, glass and optics absorption optics geometry

Sonoluminescence spectrum, T = 10.400 Kf = 26.698 kHz; A = 7,4 V; integration time = 10 s; averaging = 10; boxcar width =50dissolved oxygen = 3,2 mg/lT = 21°C; pa = 1015 mbar

raw spectra


conditions for stable SBSLobservations experimental apparatus for SBSL creation – done technology of proper conditions for stable SBSL (even hours) - done

SBSL temperature estimation observation of raw SL spectra - done automated wavelength calibration - done absolute spectral response calibration – in progress calibration verification – in progress distortions & corrections analysis – in progress preliminary temperature estimation – done suitable approach for UV detection (wavelength shifter, closer to bubble…) new spectrometer (QE65000) possibility of temperature regulations – to do


estimation of flash duration• confirmation of one light flash per one acoustic cycle - done• confirmation of flash duration being of couple orders lower than acoustic

cycle (PMT) - done• flash registrated with MPPC - single photons registered – done

diameter measurements• Mie Scattering – qualitative agreement with dynamics theory – done • slow diameter increasing, fast collapse, afterpulses observed – done

corelations between parameters (pressure amplitude, temperature,intensity, flash duration) – to do

required experimental apparatus for dissertation aims completion already obtained – done


Thank you for your attention!


34410A 6½ Digit Multimeter 33220A Function Generator

E3647A Dual Output Power SupplyE3649A Dual Output Power SupplyPicoScope 3424

HG-1 Mercury Argon Calibration Source9306 1-GHz Preamplifier

VME-V1290N 16Channel Multihit TDC

935 Quad 200MHz CFD

SPMMini High Gain APD

C10751-03 MPPC

Sony EVI-D100P

HI 9142 Dissolved Oxygen Meter

USB4000 SpectrometerQE65000-FL

Spectrometer

FVA-UV Attenuator

DT-MINI-2-GSLight Source

LS-1-CAL Radiometric Calibration Standard

Longpass & Shortpassfilters

CUV-UV Cuvette Holder


the light scattered within a given angle is proportional to the square of the radius of the bubble signal from the PMT is proportional to the intensity of the scattered light 565 nm laser (red) no calibration for PMT signal to radius nor for excitation signal amplitude to acoustic pressure field amplitude yet proportional parameters: good qualitative agreement with Rayleigh-Plesset equation and published experimental results

excitation signal amplitude [V]

light pulses observed

light pulses not observed


p(t)=0

p(t)=p0sin(ωt)

acoustic pressurep(x,t)

X position

Bjerknes force – time average

t0+T/2

t0


tpp

R

R

RR

R

RpRRR AH

b

H

sin4221

2

33

0

0

2

qualitative bubble dynamics description

R – bubble radiuspH – hydrostatic pressurepA – acoustic amplitudeσ – surface tensionμ – liquid viscosity

Assumptions

- liquidincompressibility

- slow radius shift


S. Putterman; February 1995

no SBSLSBSL

1,0

acoustic amplitude [ATM]

1,1

1,2

1,3

relative intensity of light emitted

time [μs]50

4030

2010

0

1020304050

radi

us [μ

m]

Hiller et al.; 1992

M.P. Brenner; April 2002

0,1 1 10 100% inert gas in N2

SL in

tens

ity

• liquid used• bubble gas used• acoustic amplitude• ambient temperature• others?

Weninger et al.; May 1995


• signal generated and amplified with frequency of ~ 27 kHz

flask

osciloscope pc

pmt camera

• apparatus scene captured with camera

• transformed by piezoceramic transducers to US standing wave

parameters monitored

• LC circuit current• sound captured with microphone at

the bottom of the flask• flash captured with photomultiplier

USB 4000

1MΩ

10kΩ

• spectrum scanned USB 4000

function generator

~amplifier

L

1Ω

requirements

• function generator output voltage


liquid preparation

• 5-10 fold cut-down of gas content in destilated water

• 115 ml, liquid surface in flask neck for spherical liquid shape

signal generated• 26,69 kHz, 3-5 Vpp

bubble creation• liquid surface undulation (miniature bubble creation)

sonoluminescence observation• microphone output signal folds• light pulses captured with PMT

SBSL in water on osciloscope LeCroy; I. Hamráček; April 2006


June 15. 2011 Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011 25/20

focal distance 11mm, F/3.2

r ~ 50m

Hamráček; April 2006; Olympus C750

1mm

0,5exposition [s]: 123,25610ISO: 50 400 100 400 400 400 400

dig. zoom 15x0.3mm

50μm

• Photon Counting• low-light-level measurements (luminescence, fluorescence)

• incident photons are detected as separate pulses• average time intervals between signal pulses are wider than the

time resolution of PMT• signal stability, detection effeciency, signal-to-noise ratio• <100 ps time resolution• 2 fast detectors - time difference of

signal registration distribution

PMT – MPPC, CFD – constant fraction discriminator , TAC – time to amplitude converter, MCA – multichannel analyzer

Light sourcePMT

PMT

CFD

CFD

TACstart

stop

MCAU(Δt)

June 15. 2011 28/20

• novel type semiconducting photon sensor• built from an avalanche photodiode (APD) array on common Si substrate• sensitive size 1x1 mm2

• great photon dtection ability• excellent cost performance• very compact size

SPMMini PMT

Ivan Hamracek, Written part of the dissertation examinationJune 15. 2011

ivan hamráček supervisor: rndr. jaroslav antoš csc

Documents

doctoral seminar iep

koicedoctoral seminar

ivan hamreksupervisor

conditions temperature

size of light

light source distancekeep

board temperature

spectrum parameters